1. Introduction
Recent studies of the ecological niche profile of major African malaria vectors demonstrated that the habitats of
In this chapter, we review knowledge gained so far on mosquitoes from
2. Anopheles moucheti and closely related species
In rural villages situated in deep forest areas,
From morphological analysis (Figure 5), it appears that the type form could display high morphological variation with variants similar to
3. Anopheles nili complex
Important morphological, ecological and behavioral differences among natural populations of
The prevalence of
Genetic studies conducted on the
Microsatellite loci were developed in 2003 to allow for more in-depth population genetics investigations [47]. A first comprehensive study explored the level of genetic variability and differentiation between nine populations of
In Cameroon, the pattern of genetic differentiation was explored among species within the
Recently, cytogenetic analysis depicted a physical chromosome map for
Frequencies of inverted and standard 2R
4. Conclusion
Most of the work on malaria vectors has been conducted in the savannah environment, whereas principal vectors and their roles in malaria transmission in the immense African rainforest have barely been explored. Therefore, data are crucially lacking for a large part of Africa where malaria transmission is both intense and permanent throughout the year. Recent results demonstrated high levels of differentiation between populations/species of
Acknowledgments
Part of the work reported in this manuscript was supported by grants no. A00942, A20727, A60347 from the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) to C.A.N, a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medecine (WTO86423MA) to CAN, the NIH grant R21 AI079350, the Pal+ programme from the French Ministry of Research and the French Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD/MIVEGEC).
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