1. Introduction
Till now the synthesis problem of the optimum control of the observation process has been considered and solved satisfactorily basically for the linear stochastic objects and observers by optimization of the
In connection with the fact that the solution of the given problem in such a statement generalizing the existing approaches, represents the obvious interest, we formulate it more particularly as follows.
2. Description of the task
Let the Markovian vector process
where
n
where Z – L N – dimensional vector of the output signals of the meter;
h(,t) – a known nonlinear L- dimension vector - function of observation;
W
The function of the a posteriori probability density (APD) of process
where
(А)
As the main problem of the a posteriori analysis of the observable process
Generally instead of criterion MAP one can use, for example, the criterion of the minimum of the a posteriori entropy on interval
where Ф is the known nonlinear function which takes into account generally the feasible analytical restrictions on the vector
T = [t0, t
* is some bounded set of the state parameters
In the final forming of structure of the criterion of optimality J it is necessary to take into account the limited opportunities of the practical realization of the function of observation h(,t), as well, that results, in its turn, in the additional restriction on the choice of functional dependence h(,t). The formalization of the given restriction, for example, in the form of the requirement of the minimization of the integrated deviation of function Н from the given form Н0 on interval
Thus, the final statement of the synthesis problem of the optimum observer in view of the above mentioned reasoning consists in defining function h(,t), giving the minimum to functional (2).
3. Synthesis of observations optimal control
Function APD, included in it, is described explicitly by the integro-differential Stratonovich equation with the right-hand part dependent on h(,t). The analysis of the experience of the instrument realization of the meters shows, that their synthesis consists, in essence, in defining the parameters of some functional series, approximating the output characteristic of the device projected with the given degree of accuracy. As such a series one uses, as a rule, the final expansion of the nonlinear components of vector h(,t) in some given system of the multidimensional functions: power, orthogonal etc.
Having designated vector of the multidimensional functions as
where
is the symbol of the Kronecker product.
For the subsequent analytical synthesis of optimum vector - function h(,t) in form of (3) we rewrite the equation of the APD (,t) in the appropriate form
Where
The constructions carried out the problem of search of optimum vector h(,t) is reduced to the synthesis of the optimum in-the- sense -of-(2) control h of the process with the distributed parameters described by Stratonovich equation (in view of representing vector Н0(,t) in the form similar to (3)
The optimum control of process (,t) will be searched in the class of the limited piecewise-continuous functions with the values from the open area Н*. For its construction we use the method of the dynamic programming, according to which the problem is reduced to the minimization of the known functional [1]
under the final condition V(t
For the processes, described by the linear equations in partial derivative, and criteria of the form of the above-stated ones, functional V is found in the form of the integrated quadratic form [1], therefore in this case we have:
Calculating derivative
the functional equation for v is obtained in the following form:
whence we have optimum vector h
Using condition
Where
which is connected with the equation of the APD, having after substitution into it expression
4. Observations suboptimal control
The solution of the obtained equations (6), (7) exhausts completely the problem stated, allowing to generate the required optimum vector - function h of form (3). On the other hand, the solution problem of system (6), (7) is the point-to-point boundary-value problem for integrating the system of the integro-differential equations in partial derivatives, general methods of the exact analytical solution of which, as it is known, does not exist now. Not considering the numerous approximated methods of the solution of the given problem oriented on the trade-off of accuracy against volume of the computing expenses, then as one of the solution methods for this problem we use the method based on the expansion of function v, p in series by some system of the orthonormal functions of the vector argument :
where is the index running a set of values from (0,...,0) to (М,...,М) [2];
is the vector of the orthonormal functions of argument ;
are vectors of factors of the appropriate expansions.
In this case the solution is reduced to the solution of the point-to-point boundary-value problem for integrating the system of the following equations, already ordinary ones:
under boundary value conditions
From the point of view of the practical realization the integration of system (8) under the boundary-value conditions appears to be more simple than integration (6), (7), but from the point of view of organization of the estimation process in the real time it is still hindered: first, the volume of the necessary temporary and computing expenses is great, secondly the feasibility of the adjustment of the vector of factors h in the real time of arrival of the signal of measurement Z - is excluded, the prior simulation of realizations Z appears to be necessary (in this case in the course of the instrument realization, as a rule, one fails to maintain the precisely given values h all the same). Thus, the use of the approximated methods of the problem solution (8) is quite proved in this case, then as one of which we consider the method of the invariant imbedding [3], used above and providing the required approximated solution in the real time.
As the application of the given method assumes the specifying of all the components of the required approximately estimated vector in the differential form, then for the realization of the feasibility of the synthesis of vector h through the given method in the real time we introduce a dummy variable v, allowing to take into account from here on expression hopt as the differential equation
forming with equations (8) a unified system. The application of the method of the invariant imbedding results in this case in the following system of equations:
By virtue of the fact that matrix D in the method of the invariant imbedding plays the role of the weight matrix at the deviation of the vector of the approximated solution from the optimum one, in this case for variables
5. Example
For the illustration of the feasibility of the practical use of the suggested method the numerical simulation of the process of forming vector
Where
In this case the equation of the APD has the form
Where
The optimum vector h is defined from expression hopt as
Using the Fourier expansion up to the 3-rd order for the approximated representation of functions V,
and introducing designations
Then the system of equations for the factors of expansion has the following form:
where the expressions of factors (determined by the numerical integration in the course of solving) aren’t given as complicated. In the reduced form the system obtained can be given as
The approximated solving of the given boundary-value problem by the method of the invariant imbedding results in the required system of the equations allowing to carry out simultaneously the definition of vector hopt and formation of vector in the real time:
The integration of the given system was made by the Runge-Kutta method on interval [0; 600] s. with the step equal to 0,05 s.
For the comparison of efficiency of the approach suggested with that of the existing ones the formation of the optimum- by-the- criterion-of-the-MAP estimation
The calculation of the estimation errors was made by comparing the current values of estimations with the target coordinate and subsequent defining of the average values of the errors on interval [500; 600] s. Upon terminating the simulation interval the value of the average error obtained in this way for the estimation equations [4], using the linear observer, has exceeded the average estimation error carried out by the technique suggested, using the information of the optimum observer, by the factor of ~ 1,52.
References
- 1.
Sirazetdinov T.K. Optimization of systems with the distributed parameters. М: Science,1977 - 2.
Science,Pugachev V. S. Sinitsyn I. N. Stochastic differential. systems М. 1985 - 3.
Adaptive filtration of messages.- Moscow, Radio and communication,Pervachev S. V. Perov A. I. 1991 - 4.
Optimum control of systems. М: Radio and communication,Sejdzh E. P. White C. S. 1982 - 5.
The optimization of observations control in problem of discrete searching for Poisson model of the observed objects flow // Radiotechnika, №3,Khutortsev V. V. Baranov I. V. 2010 - 6.
Observations optimal control in problem of detection of signals // Radio systems, № 81,Harisov V. N. Anikin A. L. 2004