\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"7017",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Obesity",title:"Obesity",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"The World Health Organization has accepted obesity as a global epidemic. The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in industrialized and developing countries. In many countries, obese and overweight adults make up nearly 50% of the population; furthermore, a quarter of children around the world are overweight and obese. Obesity is a chronic systemic inflammation of the adipose tissue. The mechanism of energy intake and expenditure is a homeostatic process. When the balance is upset in favor of energy intake, the result is excessive fat accumulation, which causes a number of diseases. Therefore, obesity can be defined as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease that leads to adverse cellular and metabolic effects. The underlying mechanisms of obesity are not well understood, but evidence points to oxidative damage. To combat obesity effectively, its pathogenesis must be clearly understood. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms of obesity and obesity-related diseases could lead to the discovery of new therapies and preventive methods. Improvements in environmental conditions, education, preventative measures for at-risk groups, and promotion of healthy diets and physical activity are effective methods for fighting obesity.",isbn:"978-1-78985-852-5",printIsbn:"978-1-78985-494-7",pdfIsbn:"978-1-78985-885-3",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73774",price:100,priceEur:109,priceUsd:129,slug:"obesity",numberOfPages:96,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!1,hash:"d9510ee94510a6d1c8953ca9ef6e009d",bookSignature:"Hülya Çakmur",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7017.jpg",numberOfDownloads:4247,numberOfWosCitations:3,numberOfCrossrefCitations:5,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:7,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:15,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"May 10th 2018",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 31st 2018",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"July 30th 2018",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 18th 2018",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 17th 2018",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"190636",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Hülya",middleName:null,surname:"Çakmur",slug:"hulya-cakmur",fullName:"Hülya Çakmur",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/190636/images/system/190636.jpeg",biography:"Hülya Çakmur graduated from medical school at the Atatürk\nUniversity in Turkey. She completed her residency training in\nFamily Medicine at the Trakya University. She has a PhD degree in Public Health from the Dokuz Eylül University. She has\n25 years of practical experience as a specialist in family medicine, including 10 years of experience in public health as a PhD\nprepared professional. She studied sleep medicine at the UPMC\nin the USA, attended narrative medicine education at the STU in Canada, studied\nvoluntarily in geriatrics, and published several studies in the field of elderly health.\nShe is an active member of the Turkish Medical Association and European Academy\nof Teachers in General Practice/Family Medicine. She has eight years of teaching experience as an associate professor at the University of Kafkas and she is the Director\nof the Department of Family Medicine. She has published more than 30 papers in\nreputed journals.",institutionString:"Kafkas University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"5",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:{name:"Kafkas University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"178",title:"Endocrinology",slug:"medicine-endocrinology"}],chapters:[{id:"70311",title:"Introductory Chapter: Unbearable Burden of the Diseases - Obesity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.85234",slug:"introductory-chapter-unbearable-burden-of-the-diseases-obesity",totalDownloads:731,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Hülya Çakmur",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70311",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70311",authors:[{id:"190636",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Hülya",surname:"Çakmur",slug:"hulya-cakmur",fullName:"Hülya Çakmur"}],corrections:null},{id:"70627",title:"Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90559",slug:"adipose-tissue-in-health-and-disease",totalDownloads:1040,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Obesity, being an epidemy these days, is the trigger of metabolic disturbances such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. Defined as an increase in fat storage, adipose tissue has been put under the spotlight as the culprit of these conditions, as it is composed not only by adipocytes but of any immune system cell and a singular extracellular matrix. Its behavior under acute and chronic hypercaloric states is quite different; persistent hypertrophy in the latter creates hypoxia, resulting in the release of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines that impact on the immune response type of the resident leucocytes, mainly macrophages. Hypertrophy over hyperplasia, adipose tissue macrophages-M1 phenotype polarization, and the adipokines/myokines profile are thought to be regulated by foreign microRNAs, delivered from surrounding or distant cells by exosomes through the bloodstream. In this chapter, we focus on adipose tissue immunometabolism and how obesity causes the chronic inflammatory state, and, subsequently, this stablishes a pathologic adiposity, characterized by dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (IR).",signatures:"Fernanda-Isadora Corona-Meraz, Jesus-Aureliano Robles-De Anda, Perla-Monserrat Madrigal-Ruiz, Gustavo-Ignacio Díaz-Rubio, Jorge Castro-Albarrán and Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernández",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70627",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70627",authors:[{id:"191565",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa Elena",surname:"Navarro Hernandez",slug:"rosa-elena-navarro-hernandez",fullName:"Rosa Elena Navarro Hernandez"},{id:"195067",title:"MSc.",name:"Fernanda Isadora",surname:"Corona Meraz",slug:"fernanda-isadora-corona-meraz",fullName:"Fernanda Isadora Corona Meraz"},{id:"311468",title:"BSc.",name:"J. Aureliano",surname:"Robles-De Anda",slug:"j.-aureliano-robles-de-anda",fullName:"J. Aureliano Robles-De Anda"},{id:"311477",title:"Dr.",name:"Perla-Monserrat",surname:"Madrigal-Ruiz",slug:"perla-monserrat-madrigal-ruiz",fullName:"Perla-Monserrat Madrigal-Ruiz"},{id:"311478",title:"Dr.",name:"Jorge",surname:"Castro-Albarran",slug:"jorge-castro-albarran",fullName:"Jorge Castro-Albarran"},{id:"311479",title:"MSc.",name:"Gustavo Ignacio",surname:"Diaz-Rubio",slug:"gustavo-ignacio-diaz-rubio",fullName:"Gustavo Ignacio Diaz-Rubio"}],corrections:null},{id:"63165",title:"Obesity as a Promoter of Cancer Development and Progression",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.80516",slug:"obesity-as-a-promoter-of-cancer-development-and-progression",totalDownloads:801,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The incidence of obesity is growing worldwide. In the United States, it is now estimated that one in three adults is categorized as obese. Obesity is a risk factor for multiple forms of cancer, and obese individuals have a higher risk of death. This chapter will share insight into how obesity is associated with cancer development, progression, and drug resistance by looking at the interplay between adipocytes (fat cells) and cancer cells. In particular, we will focus on alterations that occur in an obese state and biological mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalances that contribute to increased cancer risk.",signatures:"Nicole Bonan and Katie DeCicco-Skinner",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/63165",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/63165",authors:[{id:"117955",title:"Dr.",name:"Kathleen",surname:"DeCicco-Skinner",slug:"kathleen-decicco-skinner",fullName:"Kathleen DeCicco-Skinner"},{id:"258398",title:"MSc.",name:"Nicole",surname:"Bonan",slug:"nicole-bonan",fullName:"Nicole Bonan"}],corrections:null},{id:"63940",title:"Reproductive Consequences of Obesity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.80897",slug:"reproductive-consequences-of-obesity",totalDownloads:970,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"With increasing global obesity, there is a growing body of research looking at the impact of this on reproduction. Both male and female fertility are impacted on by being overweight or obese. Although the pathophysiology is not clear, it appears that obesity impacts endocrine function in men and women, oocyte and sperm quality, embryo quality, endocrine receptivity, and implantation. Miscarriage, pregnancy, and live birth rates and the risk of congenital malformations are all influenced by obesity. Transgenerational health is also affected, with metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive outcomes in the offspring being negatively affected by both paternal and maternal obesity. It appears that weight loss results in improvements in these outcomes and various strategies have been employed including lifestyle and behavior modification, pharmacological agents, and also bariatric surgery. This chapter aims to explore the reproductive outcomes of obesity and how this can be best managed to improve outcomes.",signatures:"Tamara Hunter and Roger Hart",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/63940",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/63940",authors:[{id:"187858",title:"Prof.",name:"Roger",surname:"Hart",slug:"roger-hart",fullName:"Roger Hart"},{id:"259614",title:"Dr.",name:"Tamara",surname:"Hunter",slug:"tamara-hunter",fullName:"Tamara Hunter"}],corrections:null},{id:"69366",title:"Treatment Options in Morbid Obesity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88823",slug:"treatment-options-in-morbid-obesity",totalDownloads:710,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Obesity has become the most common fatal and the second most common preventable epidemic disease after smoking in the world. Although it causes many morbidities, the psychosocial challenges it creates in the patients and the huge financial burden for its treatment are the main problems. Medical treatment for weight loss is usually inadequate, and surgery has become a major part of morbid obesity treatment. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), adjustable gastric band (AGB), and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) are the most common current surgical procedures, and all can be performed laparoscopically. Eating less and early satiety due to the reduction of gastric volume with surgery and the disruption of absorption as a result of the bypass lead to significant weight loss.",signatures:"Tülay Diken Allahverdi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69366",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69366",authors:[{id:"309911",title:"Dr.",name:"Tülay",surname:"Diken Allahverdi",slug:"tulay-diken-allahverdi",fullName:"Tülay Diken Allahverdi"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:[{id:"23",label:"women in science book program"}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6704",title:"Geriatrics Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7cac7767e0b34391318cd4a680ca0d68",slug:"geriatrics-health",bookSignature:"Hülya Çakmur",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6704.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"190636",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Hülya",surname:"Çakmur",slug:"hulya-cakmur",fullName:"Hülya Çakmur"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8650",title:"Effects of Stress on Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5539332a1f89e3c32c0d3458f250bd36",slug:"effects-of-stress-on-human-health",bookSignature:"Hülya Çakmur",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8650.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"190636",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Hülya",surname:"Çakmur",slug:"hulya-cakmur",fullName:"Hülya Çakmur"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6581",title:"Adipose Tissue",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"85899eab2d8b01653e1297b168c470d7",slug:"adipose-tissue",bookSignature:"Leszek Szablewski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6581.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"49739",title:"Dr.",name:"Leszek",surname:"Szablewski",slug:"leszek-szablewski",fullName:"Leszek Szablewski"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6246",title:"Salivary Glands",subtitle:"New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"de375ecbd9ac673d6464107a0c416763",slug:"salivary-glands-new-approaches-in-diagnostics-and-treatment",bookSignature:"Işıl Adadan Güvenç",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6246.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36790",title:"M.D.",name:"Işıl",surname:"Adadan Güvenç",slug:"isil-adadan-guvenc",fullName:"Işıl Adadan Güvenç"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7269",title:"Endocrine Disruptors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"571f5c496c8b0e8db9043204fa58be2a",slug:"endocrine-disruptors",bookSignature:"Ahmed R. 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She won the lecturer competition in the department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases she became an Associate Professor in the same department at UMF Carol Davila.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"243049",title:"Dr.",name:"Anca",middleName:null,surname:"Pantea Stoian",slug:"anca-pantea-stoian",fullName:"Anca Pantea Stoian",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243049/images/system/243049.jpg",biography:"Anca Pantea Stoian is a specialist in diabetes, nutrition, and metabolic diseases as well as health food hygiene. She also has competency in general ultrasonography.\n\nShe is an associate professor in the Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. She has been chief of the Hygiene Department, Faculty of Dentistry, at the same university since 2019. Her interests include micro and macrovascular complications in diabetes and new therapies. Her research activities focus on nutritional intervention in chronic pathology, as well as cardio-renal-metabolic risk assessment, and diabetes in cancer. She is currently engaged in developing new therapies and technological tools for screening, prevention, and patient education in diabetes. \n\nShe is a member of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Cardiometabolic Academy, CEDA, Romanian Society of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Romanian Diabetes Federation, and Association for Renal Metabolic and Nutrition studies. 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K. Bain, Prem Chand and K. 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Normally, the most likely target are claudins, a family of 27 different molecules [1], essential for the maintenance of intercellular tight junctions, that viruses and bacteria such as Hepatitis C virus or
The epithelial barrier is a fence composed by intercellular structures termed tight junctions, located at the apical border between gastric epithelial cells, formed by four different transmembrane proteins [occludin, claudins, junction-adhesion-molecules, and CAR –Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor- proteins] anchored to actin filaments and myosin light chains (MLC) by the actin cytoskeleton and linker proteins zonula occludens ZO-1, ZO-2 and ZO-3 which are members of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase cytoplasmic adaptors. Other highly important members of the barrier are the Adherens Junctions, the Desmosome, the Gap junctions and the Hemidesmosomes. Occludin and claudins interact with adjacent cells through their extracellular loops, whereas JAMs and CAR contain extracellular IgG-like domains [15, 16]. Different proteins form the regulatory complex (Rac, Cdc42, Par3, Par6, PKC). Figure 2 shows the structural conformation of tight junctions1. Claudins, a family of 27 different proteins, are essential to establish and maintain the barrier function as they regulate paracellular permeability [18] whereas occludin is important for epithelial differentiation but not for establishing the barrier [19]. Paracellular transport across the tight junctions is achieved through the leak pathway which is size-dependent and/or the pore pathway which is size and charge-dependent; size-dependance enables transportation of proteins and lipopolysaccharides and it is controlled by MLC kinase and occludin [20] whereas the pore pathway, controlled by claudins, enables the permeability of cations and anions across different epithelia and exclude molecules larger than 4A [21].
Gastric epithelia tight junction structure.
Claudins are responsible for watertight stability and transit of cations and anions. Claudins expression and regulation is tissue specific and their physiological and regulatory function varies according to the organ where they are being expressed [22, 23]. As an example, claudin-4 in ovarian cancer has a pro-angiogenic function whereas in pancreatic cancer it suppresses invasion [24, 25]. The expression of claudins is dysregulated in various cancers, and in gastric tissue the expression of claudin-1, −4, −6 and − 17 is modified when cancer develops but many other claudins such as −3, −5, −7 and − 18 have also been implicated; the loss or gain of claudins is linked to inflammation and inflammatory cytokines such as IFNy, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, EGF, TGFb and TNF [26], as well as to several malignancies, drugs, antibiotics, toxins, pesticides, chemicals, microbiota imbalance and stress [27]. The integrity or modifications in tight junctions that affect claudin distribution is via the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway [28, 29, 30]. It has been postulated that in
The effect of the secretory molecules released by of
Amongst the major toxins that
Organization of VacA p88 protein. From Su et al. [
Of major relevance for this review is the effector protein CagA, one of the most important virulence factors [44, 45]. The cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island (cagPAI) comprises 30 genes [46]. The cytotoxin-associated gene A is a 125-140 kDa protein encoded by the cag pathogenicity island [47], a chromosomal region that simultaneously encodes a type IV secretion system specialized in transferring peptidoglycan and CagA to the cytosol of the target cell in an ATP-dependent manner [45, 48]; once translocated, it interacts with numerous proteins in a phosphorylation dependent and independent manner within the epithelial cells, stimulating inflammatory responses, perturbing intracellular actin trafficking, and disrupting cellular tight junctions probably via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway [49, 50, 51]. Phosphorylated CagA interacts with Shp2, a host protein that binds to CagA, this complex dephosphorylates the focal adhesion kinase and in turn activates a signal pathway that involves ERK proteins [52, 53]. The transferred peptidoglycan promotes the activation of the pattern-recognition molecule Nod1 within the cytosol of the host cell [54] and subsequently induces the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as MAPK phosphorylation [55, 56, 57]. The phosphorylation independent activity of CagA disrupts E-cadherin and ZO-1 and consequently cell-to-cell junctions in polarized epithelial cells [10, 49, 58, 59]. CagA modifies the polarity of the infected cells by interacting with Par1b/MARK-2 [60, 61]. CagA also stimulates the expression of NfkB, which subsequently activates the IL-8 promoter and stimulates the release of the chemokine IL-8 into the gastric lumen [62], which disrupts epithelial tight junctions organization [63].
CagA is known to affect intercellular junctions and disrupt junction-mediated functions [64] as it causes an ectopic assembly of tight-junction components by recruiting ZO-1 and JAM to sites of bacterial attachment (Amieva 2003), and disrupts the epithelial barrier function [10]. CagA colocalizes with ZO-1 and JAM proteins, binds Par1b and, by inhibiting atypical PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Par1b, disrupts cell polarity and consequently tight junctions. CagA also targets Cdx2 and therefore claudin-2 expression thus suggesting a novel mechanism for gastric epithelial cells dedifferentiation [65]. Another pathophysiological mechanism by which
One recently recognized mechanism by which CagA disrupts the barrier is mediated by a HtrA (high-temperature requirement A) serine protease [67]. This enzyme is part of a four proteases specific family identified in
HtrA are bacterial proteins that provide tolerance to oxidative and heat stress; they undergo oligomerization when denatured proteins are encountered (Figure 4) [70]. HtrA can be expressed at the bacterial cell surface, or transported into the extracellular space, or shed in outer membrane vesicles. It favors bacterial paracellular transmigration by cleaving cell-to-cell junction factors such as components of tight junctions that leads to disruption of the epithelial barrier [71]. It has been shown that HtrA1 expression in gastric cancers correlates with better response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy [72].
Tridimensional modeling of
Although
Gut bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are known to affect intracellular signaling as well as tight junctions of the blood brain barrier [87] and the intestinal barrier [88]. LPS, an important structural component of bacterial walls’ outer membrane, is recognized by the membrane toll-like receptor 4, and alterations in permeability induced by LPS are via a TLR-4 dependent process associated to the adaptor protein focal adhesion kinase, which has been shown to co-localize with claudin-1 [89], and the activation of the MyD88-dependent pathway [90].
Effect of
Persistent
Exposure to N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) is clearly related to development and increased mortality of gastric cancer (Figure 6) [99, 100]. It has been established that nitrogenous constituents of gastric juice can be reduced and lead to the
Structure of relevant N-nitrosamine carcinogenic compounds. From NTP (National Toxicology Program), NIH, USA, 2014.
Modulation of polarized gastric epithelial cells tight junctions by
This work was supported by Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT) grants IN218019 and IN221519, UNAM, México.
IntechOpen publishes different types of publications
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\n\nRESEARCH CHAPTER – A research chapter reports the results of original research thus contributing to the body of knowledge in a particular area of study.
\n\nREVIEW CHAPTER – A review chapter analyzes or examines research previously published by other scientists, rather than reporting new findings thus summarizing the current state of understanding on a topic.
\n\nCASE STUDY – A case study involves an in-depth, and detailed examination of a particular topic.
\n\nPERSPECTIVE CHAPTER – A perspective chapter offers a new point of view on existing problems, fundamental concepts, or common opinions on a specific topic. Perspective chapters can propose or support new hypotheses, or discuss the significance of newly achieved innovations. Perspective chapters can focus on current advances and future directions on a topic and include both original data and personal opinion.
\n\nINTRODUCTORY CHAPTER – An introductory chapter states the purpose and goals of the book. The introductory chapter is written by the Academic Editor.
\n\nMonographs is a self-contained work on a particular subject, or an aspect of it, written by one or more authors. Monographs usually have between 130 and 500 pages.
\n\nTYPES OF MONOGRAPHS:
\n\nSingle or multiple author manuscript
\n\nCompacts provide a mid-length publishing format that bridges the gap between journal articles, book chapters, and monographs, and cover content across all scientific disciplines.
\n\nCompacts are the preferred publishing option for brief research reports on new topics, in-depth case studies, dissertations, or essays exploring new ideas, issues, or broader topics on the research subject. Compacts usually have between 50 and 130 pages.
\n\nCollection of papers presented at conferences, workshops, symposiums, or scientific courses, published in book format
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Nanoparticles of alkali metals and noble metals (copper, silver, platinum, palladium, and gold, etc.) have a broad absorption band in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum of light, because the solutions of these metal nanoparticles show the intense color, which is absent in their bulk counterparts as well as their atomic level. The main cause behind this phenomenon is attributed to the collective oscillations of the free conductive electrons that are induced by an interaction with electromagnetic field. The whole incidence is known as localized surface plasmonic resonance. Out of these, we have selected the silver nanoparticles for the studies. In this article, we will discuss the synthesis, characterization, and application of the silver nanoparticles. 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This chapter describes the synthesis of graphene and its derivatives, particularly graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Both GO and rGO represent a tunable alternative for applications with biomolecules due to the oxygenated moieties, which allow interactions in a either covalent or non‐covalent way. From here, other discussed topics are the biofunctionalization with keratin (KE) and chitosan (CS). The non‐covalent functionalization is based primarily on secondary interactions such as van der Waals forces, electrostatics interactions, or π–π stacking formed between KE or CS with graphenic materials. On the other hand, covalent functionalization with KE and CS is mainly based on the reaction among the functional groups present in those biomolecules and the graphenic materials. As a result of the functionalization, different applications have been proposed for these novel materials, which are reviewed in order to offer an overview about the possible fields of application of 2D nanocarbon materials. In a nutshell, the objective of this work is as follows: first, overhaul different aspects about the synthesis of graphene chemically obtained, and second, make a review of different approaches in the functionalization of 2D carbon materials with specific biomolecules.",book:{id:"5293",slug:"recent-advances-in-graphene-research",title:"Recent Advances in Graphene Research",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Graphene Research"},signatures:"Edgar Jimenez‐Cervantes Amieva, Juventino López‐Barroso, Ana\nLaura Martínez‐Hernández and Carlos Velasco‐Santos",authors:[{id:"178665",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Velasco-Santos",slug:"carlos-velasco-santos",fullName:"Carlos Velasco-Santos"},{id:"178667",title:"Prof.",name:"Ana Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Hernandez",slug:"ana-laura-martinez-hernandez",fullName:"Ana Laura Martínez-Hernandez"},{id:"183423",title:"MSc.",name:"Edgar",middleName:null,surname:"Jimenez-Cervantes A.",slug:"edgar-jimenez-cervantes-a.",fullName:"Edgar Jimenez-Cervantes A."},{id:"183424",title:"MSc.",name:"Juventino",middleName:null,surname:"Lopez-Barroso",slug:"juventino-lopez-barroso",fullName:"Juventino Lopez-Barroso"}]},{id:"55009",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68355",title:"Nanotechnology in Herbicide Resistance",slug:"nanotechnology-in-herbicide-resistance",totalDownloads:1944,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:21,abstract:"Herbicide market in agriculture is a multi‐billion dollar industry with sophisticated multi‐impact issues, with increased weed resistance at the topmost. Nanoherbicides under development in the current decade could be a new strategy to address all the problems caused by the conventional non‐nanoherbicides. With polymeric nanoparticles often used as nanocarriers for herbicide delivery, the current era has seen the rise of new nanoparticles‐based delivery systems. As the potential use of nanostructured materials enables the use of herbicides effectively and rules out the emergence of weed‐resistant population at an early stage, these very desirable nanotechnological practices in agriculture are reviewed here.",book:{id:"5734",slug:"nanostructured-materials-fabrication-to-applications",title:"Nanostructured Materials",fullTitle:"Nanostructured Materials - Fabrication to Applications"},signatures:"Evy Alice Abigail and Ramalingam Chidambaram",authors:[{id:"199591",title:"Prof.",name:"Ramalingam",middleName:null,surname:"Chidambaram",slug:"ramalingam-chidambaram",fullName:"Ramalingam Chidambaram"},{id:"203102",title:"Dr.",name:"Evy Alice",middleName:null,surname:"Abigail",slug:"evy-alice-abigail",fullName:"Evy Alice Abigail"}]},{id:"61686",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77075",title:"Biological Activity of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Anticancer Therapy",slug:"biological-activity-of-silver-nanoparticles-and-their-applications-in-anticancer-therapy",totalDownloads:1704,totalCrossrefCites:13,totalDimensionsCites:20,abstract:"Nanotechnology delivers materials and nanoparticles (NPs) with high biological potential, useful in bioengineering, nanomedicine, and human health protection. Silver nanoparticles (NPs), because of their wide spectrum of activities and physical and chemical properties, are nowadays extensively researched. However, careful studies on living organism should be performed, with strong attention to biocompatibility. Multiple cellular effects, displayed after AgNP treatments, show interesting potential of metal-based NPs, not only in bio-nanotechnology but also in molecular medicine and anticancer therapy. AgNPs are promising anticancer agents, influencing the cell cycle, inhibiting cancer proliferation, and inducing oxidative stress and propagation of programmed cellular death (apoptosis). Additionally, they protect against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. During chemo- and radio-therapies, such antimicrobial protection will be desirable because of the decreased immunological resistance of cancer patients. In conclusion, AgNPs often present in the human environment should be studied for novel findings and better characteristic. This article discusses advantages of AgNP’s “eco-friendly” production, followed by green synthesis, with particular consideration of antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Cellular processes, induced after AgNP treatments, are focused on antiproliferative, pro-oxidative, and pro-apoptotic activities of NPs.",book:{id:"6552",slug:"silver-nanoparticles-fabrication-characterization-and-applications",title:"Silver Nanoparticles",fullTitle:"Silver Nanoparticles - Fabrication, Characterization and Applications"},signatures:"Magdalena Skonieczna and Dorota Hudy",authors:[{id:"243029",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Magdalena",middleName:null,surname:"Skonieczna",slug:"magdalena-skonieczna",fullName:"Magdalena Skonieczna"},{id:"249509",title:"MSc.",name:"Dorota",middleName:null,surname:"Hudy",slug:"dorota-hudy",fullName:"Dorota Hudy"}]},{id:"59905",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75363",title:"Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles",slug:"synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles",totalDownloads:6762,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:18,abstract:"Nanoparticles of noble metals, especially the silver nanoparticles, have been widely used in different fields of science. Their unique properties, which can be incorporated into biosensor materials, composite fibers, cosmetic products, antimicrobial applications, conducting materials and electronic components, make them a very important subject to be studied by chemistry, biology, healthcare, electronic and other related branches. These unique properties depend upon size and shape of the silver nanoparticles. Different preparation methods have been reported for the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles, such as electron irradiation, laser ablation, chemical reduction, biological artificial methods, photochemical methods and microwave processing. This chapter aims to inform the synthesis methods of the silver nanoparticles.",book:{id:"6552",slug:"silver-nanoparticles-fabrication-characterization-and-applications",title:"Silver Nanoparticles",fullTitle:"Silver Nanoparticles - Fabrication, Characterization and Applications"},signatures:"Remziye Güzel and Gülbahar Erdal",authors:[{id:"226613",title:"Dr.",name:"Remziye",middleName:null,surname:"Güzel",slug:"remziye-guzel",fullName:"Remziye Güzel"},{id:"240772",title:"MSc.",name:"Gülbahar",middleName:null,surname:"Erdal",slug:"gulbahar-erdal",fullName:"Gülbahar Erdal"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"59905",title:"Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles",slug:"synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles",totalDownloads:6762,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:18,abstract:"Nanoparticles of noble metals, especially the silver nanoparticles, have been widely used in different fields of science. Their unique properties, which can be incorporated into biosensor materials, composite fibers, cosmetic products, antimicrobial applications, conducting materials and electronic components, make them a very important subject to be studied by chemistry, biology, healthcare, electronic and other related branches. These unique properties depend upon size and shape of the silver nanoparticles. Different preparation methods have been reported for the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles, such as electron irradiation, laser ablation, chemical reduction, biological artificial methods, photochemical methods and microwave processing. This chapter aims to inform the synthesis methods of the silver nanoparticles.",book:{id:"6552",slug:"silver-nanoparticles-fabrication-characterization-and-applications",title:"Silver Nanoparticles",fullTitle:"Silver Nanoparticles - Fabrication, Characterization and Applications"},signatures:"Remziye Güzel and Gülbahar Erdal",authors:[{id:"226613",title:"Dr.",name:"Remziye",middleName:null,surname:"Güzel",slug:"remziye-guzel",fullName:"Remziye Güzel"},{id:"240772",title:"MSc.",name:"Gülbahar",middleName:null,surname:"Erdal",slug:"gulbahar-erdal",fullName:"Gülbahar Erdal"}]},{id:"55609",title:"Polymer Nanocomposites",slug:"polymer-nanocomposites",totalDownloads:1937,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"The development of polymer nanocomposites has advanced, especially due to their new properties after nanoparticle incorporation. Many nanocomposites composed of synthetic polymers and/or biopolymers have been studied after incorporation of a diversity of nanoparticles, which differ in form, shape, surface area and chemical organization. In this chapter, some examples of nanocomposites based on poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA); polycarbonate (PC) and matrixes of dental resins are presented. These nanocomposites could be obtained by three basic methods: in situ polymerization, solution casting and melt extrusion. The best method is determined by the relation and route to the polymer-nanoparticle pair. The dispersion and distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix is the key to obtaining new materials with synergism of compounds properties. This synergism depends on how strong is the intermolecular interaction between the polymer matrix and nanoparticles. The evaluation of new nano systems can be done by different techniques, usually microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and so on. Low-field NMR relaxometry has been used to evaluate polymer nanocomposites. This technique provides valuable information related to the interaction of the nanoparticles with the polymer matrix, and it also indicates the dispersion and distribution of these nanoparticles in the matrix.",book:{id:"5734",slug:"nanostructured-materials-fabrication-to-applications",title:"Nanostructured Materials",fullTitle:"Nanostructured Materials - Fabrication to Applications"},signatures:"Maria Inês Bruno Tavares, Emerson Oliveira da Silva, Paulo Rangel\nCruz da Silva and Lívia Rodrigues de Menezes",authors:[{id:"195554",title:"Distinguished Prof.",name:"Maria Ines",middleName:null,surname:"Tavares",slug:"maria-ines-tavares",fullName:"Maria Ines Tavares"},{id:"195603",title:"Dr.",name:"Paulo Sergio",middleName:"Rangel Cruz",surname:"Silva",slug:"paulo-sergio-silva",fullName:"Paulo Sergio Silva"},{id:"195604",title:"Dr.",name:"Emerson O",middleName:null,surname:"Silva",slug:"emerson-o-silva",fullName:"Emerson O Silva"},{id:"195605",title:"Dr.",name:"Livia R",middleName:null,surname:"Menezes",slug:"livia-r-menezes",fullName:"Livia R Menezes"}]},{id:"51090",title:"Optimization of the Synthesis Procedures of Graphene and Graphite Oxide",slug:"optimization-of-the-synthesis-procedures-of-graphene-and-graphite-oxide",totalDownloads:3452,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:"The optimization of both the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis method to prepare graphene and the Improved Hummers method to prepare graphite oxide is reported. Copper and nickel were used as catalysts in the CVD-graphene synthesis, CH4 and H2being used as precursor gases. Synthesis variables were optimized according to a thickness value, calculated using a homemade Excel-VBA application. In the case of copper, the maximum thickness value was obtained for those samples synthesized at 1050°C, a CH4/H2 flow rate ratio of 0.07 v/v, a total flow of 60 Nml/min, and a time on stream of 10 min. In the case of nickel, a reaction temperature of 980°C, a CH4/H2 flow rate ratio of 0.07 v/v, a total flow of 80 Nml/min, and a time on stream of 1 min were required to obtain a high thickness value. On the other hand, the Improved Hummers method used in the synthesis of graphite oxide was optimized. The resultant product was similar to that reported in literature in terms of quality and characteristics but both time and cost of the synthesis procedure were considerably decreased.",book:{id:"5293",slug:"recent-advances-in-graphene-research",title:"Recent Advances in Graphene Research",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Graphene Research"},signatures:"María del Prado Lavín López, José Luis Valverde Palomino, María\nLuz Sánchez Silva and Amaya Romero Izquierdo",authors:[{id:"31322",title:"Dr.",name:"Luz",middleName:null,surname:"Sanchez-Silva",slug:"luz-sanchez-silva",fullName:"Luz Sanchez-Silva"},{id:"182943",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Maria Del Prado",middleName:null,surname:"Lavin Lopez",slug:"maria-del-prado-lavin-lopez",fullName:"Maria Del Prado Lavin Lopez"},{id:"187130",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Valverde",slug:"jose-luis-valverde",fullName:"Jose Luis Valverde"},{id:"187131",title:"Dr.",name:"Amaya",middleName:null,surname:"Romero",slug:"amaya-romero",fullName:"Amaya Romero"}]},{id:"60180",title:"Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Nanocomposites",slug:"synthesis-characterization-and-antimicrobial-properties-of-silver-nanocomposites",totalDownloads:1894,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:"Nanoparticles and polymers in their respective fields have contributed greatly in the form of science and hence in daily life application products. But due to lack in emerging technologies for developing silver nanocomposites with polymers and other materials, the nanoparticle-based products have conquered little less attention. Hereby, an effort is made to put a light on already developed functional materials containing silver nanoparticles and also to look forward their scope in daily life applications. A little more insight into antimicrobial properties of such materials will also be elaborated. Finally, the optimal amounts of silver that cannot be health hazardous to living being especially human and overall environmental impacts of Nanocomposites are presented.",book:{id:"6552",slug:"silver-nanoparticles-fabrication-characterization-and-applications",title:"Silver Nanoparticles",fullTitle:"Silver Nanoparticles - Fabrication, Characterization and Applications"},signatures:"Mudassar Abbas, Nida Naeem, Hina Iftikhar and Usman Latif",authors:[{id:"225082",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Mudassar",middleName:null,surname:"Abbas",slug:"mudassar-abbas",fullName:"Mudassar Abbas"},{id:"240184",title:"Ms.",name:"Nida",middleName:null,surname:"Naeem",slug:"nida-naeem",fullName:"Nida Naeem"},{id:"240185",title:"Ms.",name:"Hina",middleName:null,surname:"Iftikhar",slug:"hina-iftikhar",fullName:"Hina Iftikhar"},{id:"240186",title:"Dr.",name:"Usman",middleName:null,surname:"Latif",slug:"usman-latif",fullName:"Usman Latif"}]},{id:"59848",title:"Application of Silver Nanoparticles for Water Treatment",slug:"application-of-silver-nanoparticles-for-water-treatment",totalDownloads:2214,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:"In recent past development of silver nanoparticles and their application in the treatment of wastewaters is becoming a major area of research. It is mainly applicable to the removal of three major pollutants like pesticides, heavy metals, and microorganisms. Variety of synthesis techniques have been reported for preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles. In our research, we synthesized Ag nanoparticles supported on ZrO2 and ZrO2-CeO2 by a “deposit-precipitation method” as the first step and later sequentially synthesized Ag-Au supported on ZrO2 and ZrO2-CeO2 by Redox method. Catalysts were evaluated in catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of methyl tert-butyl ether and phenol. The CWAO is a liquid phase process for the treatment of organic pollutants operating at temperatures in the range of 100–325°C at 5–200 bar pressures. The selectivity and efficient of catalysts were evaluated by total organic carbon (TOC) and high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Ideally, the total mineralization of pollutants into CO2 and H2O is preferred.",book:{id:"6552",slug:"silver-nanoparticles-fabrication-characterization-and-applications",title:"Silver Nanoparticles",fullTitle:"Silver Nanoparticles - Fabrication, Characterization and Applications"},signatures:"Zenaida Guerra Que, José Gilberto Torres Torres, Hermicenda Pérez\nVidal, María A. Lunagómez Rocha, Juan C. Arévalo Pérez, Ignacio\nCuauhtémoc López, Durvel De La Cruz Romero, Alejandra\nE. Espinosa De Los Monteros Reyna, José G. Pacheco Sosa, Adib A.\nSilahua Pavón and Jorge S. Ferráez Hernández",authors:[{id:"228497",title:"Dr.",name:"Hermicenda",middleName:null,surname:"Perez Vidal",slug:"hermicenda-perez-vidal",fullName:"Hermicenda Perez Vidal"},{id:"229146",title:"Dr.",name:"Zenaida",middleName:null,surname:"Guerra Que",slug:"zenaida-guerra-que",fullName:"Zenaida Guerra Que"},{id:"240565",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Gilberto",middleName:null,surname:"Torres Torres",slug:"jose-gilberto-torres-torres",fullName:"Jose Gilberto Torres Torres"},{id:"240661",title:"Dr.",name:"María A.",middleName:null,surname:"Lunagómez Rocha",slug:"maria-a.-lunagomez-rocha",fullName:"María A. Lunagómez Rocha"},{id:"240662",title:"MSc.",name:"Juan C.",middleName:null,surname:"Arévalo Pérez",slug:"juan-c.-arevalo-perez",fullName:"Juan C. Arévalo Pérez"},{id:"240663",title:"Dr.",name:"Ignacio",middleName:null,surname:"Cuauhtémoc López",slug:"ignacio-cuauhtemoc-lopez",fullName:"Ignacio Cuauhtémoc López"},{id:"240664",title:"Dr.",name:"Alejandra E.",middleName:null,surname:"Espinosa De Los Monteros Reyna",slug:"alejandra-e.-espinosa-de-los-monteros-reyna",fullName:"Alejandra E. Espinosa De Los Monteros Reyna"},{id:"240665",title:"Dr.",name:"Durvel",middleName:null,surname:"De La Cruz Romero",slug:"durvel-de-la-cruz-romero",fullName:"Durvel De La Cruz Romero"},{id:"240666",title:"Dr.",name:"José G.",middleName:null,surname:"Pacheco Sosa",slug:"jose-g.-pacheco-sosa",fullName:"José G. Pacheco Sosa"},{id:"240667",title:"MSc.",name:"Adib A.",middleName:null,surname:"Silahua Pavón",slug:"adib-a.-silahua-pavon",fullName:"Adib A. Silahua Pavón"},{id:"240668",title:"MSc.",name:"Jorge S.",middleName:null,surname:"Ferráez Hernández",slug:"jorge-s.-ferraez-hernandez",fullName:"Jorge S. Ferráez Hernández"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"946",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:287,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:10,numberOfPublishedChapters:103,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",issn:"2632-0517",scope:"Paralleling similar advances in the medical field, astounding advances occurred in Veterinary Medicine and Science in recent decades. These advances have helped foster better support for animal health, more humane animal production, and a better understanding of the physiology of endangered species to improve the assisted reproductive technologies or the pathogenesis of certain diseases, where animals can be used as models for human diseases (like cancer, degenerative diseases or fertility), and even as a guarantee of public health. Bridging Human, Animal, and Environmental health, the holistic and integrative “One Health” concept intimately associates the developments within those fields, projecting its advancements into practice. This book series aims to tackle various animal-related medicine and sciences fields, providing thematic volumes consisting of high-quality significant research directed to researchers and postgraduates. It aims to give us a glimpse into the new accomplishments in the Veterinary Medicine and Science field. By addressing hot topics in veterinary sciences, we aim to gather authoritative texts within each issue of this series, providing in-depth overviews and analysis for graduates, academics, and practitioners and foreseeing a deeper understanding of the subject. Forthcoming texts, written and edited by experienced researchers from both industry and academia, will also discuss scientific challenges faced today in Veterinary Medicine and Science. In brief, we hope that books in this series will provide accessible references for those interested or working in this field and encourage learning in a range of different topics.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/13.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 18th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:10,editor:{id:"38652",title:"Dr.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{id:"19",title:"Animal Science",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/19.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"259298",title:"Dr.",name:"Edward",middleName:null,surname:"Narayan",slug:"edward-narayan",fullName:"Edward Narayan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Edward Narayan graduated with Ph.D. degree in Biology from the University of the South Pacific and pioneered non-invasive reproductive and stress endocrinology tools for amphibians - the novel development and validation of non-invasive enzyme immunoassays for the evaluation of reproductive hormonal cycle and stress hormone responses to environmental stressors. \nDr. Narayan leads the Stress Lab (Comparative Physiology and Endocrinology) at the University of Queensland. A dynamic career research platform which is based on the thematic areas of comparative vertebrate physiology, stress endocrinology, reproductive endocrinology, animal health and welfare, and conservation biology. \nEdward has supervised 40 research students and published over 60 peer reviewed research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Queensland",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"20",title:"Animal Nutrition",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/20.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"175967",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",fullName:"Manuel Gonzalez Ronquillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",biography:"Dr. Manuel González Ronquillo obtained his doctorate degree from the University of Zaragoza, Spain, in 2001. He is a research professor at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. He is also a level-2 researcher. He received a Fulbright-Garcia Robles fellowship for a postdoctoral stay at the US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA in 2008–2009. He received grants from Alianza del Pacifico for a stay at the University of Magallanes, Chile, in 2014, and from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) to work in the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Animal Production and Health Division (AGA), Rome, Italy, in 2014–2015. He has collaborated with researchers from different countries and published ninety-eight journal articles. He teaches various degree courses in zootechnics, sheep production, and agricultural sciences and natural resources.\n\nDr. Ronquillo’s research focuses on the evaluation of sustainable animal diets (StAnD), using native resources of the region, decreasing carbon footprint, and applying meta-analysis and mathematical models for a better understanding of animal production.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/28.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"177225",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"rosa-maria-lino-neto-pereira",fullName:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9wkQAC/Profile_Picture_1624519982291",biography:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira (DVM, MsC, PhD and) is currently a researcher at the Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Unit of the National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinarian Research (INIAV, Portugal). 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2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Sian Rutland and Valentina Kubale",hash:"75cdacb570e0e6d15a5f6e69640d87c9",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7233",title:"New Insights into Theriogenology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7233.jpg",slug:"new-insights-into-theriogenology",publishedDate:"December 5th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rita Payan-Carreira",hash:"74f4147e3fb214dd050e5edd3aaf53bc",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"New Insights into Theriogenology",editors:[{id:"38652",title:"Dr.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Animal Nutrition",value:20,count:2},{group:"subseries",caption:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",value:28,count:3},{group:"subseries",caption:"Animal Science",value:19,count:5}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:2},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:1},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:302,paginationItems:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/198499/images/system/198499.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Daniel Glossman-Mitnik is currently a Titular Researcher at the Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Chihuahua, Mexico, as well as a National Researcher of Level III at the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico. His research interest focuses on computational chemistry and molecular modeling of diverse systems of pharmacological, food, and alternative energy interests by resorting to DFT and Conceptual DFT. He has authored a coauthored more than 255 peer-reviewed papers, 32 book chapters, and 2 edited books. He has delivered speeches at many international and domestic conferences. He serves as a reviewer for more than eighty international journals, books, and research proposals as well as an editor for special issues of renowned scientific journals.",institutionString:"Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados",institution:{name:"Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"76477",title:"Prof.",name:"Mirza",middleName:null,surname:"Hasanuzzaman",slug:"mirza-hasanuzzaman",fullName:"Mirza Hasanuzzaman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/76477/images/system/76477.png",biography:"Dr. Mirza Hasanuzzaman is a Professor of Agronomy at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh. He received his Ph.D. in Plant Stress Physiology and Antioxidant Metabolism from Ehime University, Japan, with a scholarship from the Japanese Government (MEXT). Later, he completed his postdoctoral research at the Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the Ryukyus, Japan, as a recipient of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) postdoctoral fellowship. He was also the recipient of the Australian Government Endeavour Research Fellowship for postdoctoral research as an adjunct senior researcher at the University of Tasmania, Australia. Dr. Hasanuzzaman’s current work is focused on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance. Dr. Hasanuzzaman has published more than 150 articles in peer-reviewed journals. He has edited ten books and written more than forty book chapters on important aspects of plant physiology, plant stress tolerance, and crop production. According to Scopus, Dr. Hasanuzzaman’s publications have received more than 10,500 citations with an h-index of 53. He has been named a Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate. He is an editor and reviewer for more than fifty peer-reviewed international journals and was a recipient of the “Publons Peer Review Award” in 2017, 2018, and 2019. He has been honored by different authorities for his outstanding performance in various fields like research and education, and he has received the World Academy of Science Young Scientist Award (2014) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) Award 2018. He is a fellow of the Bangladesh Academy of Sciences (BAS) and the Royal Society of Biology.",institutionString:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",institution:{name:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",country:{name:"Bangladesh"}}},{id:"187859",title:"Prof.",name:"Kusal",middleName:"K.",surname:"Das",slug:"kusal-das",fullName:"Kusal Das",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBDeQAO/Profile_Picture_1623411145568",biography:"Kusal K. Das is a Distinguished Chair Professor of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College and Director, Centre for Advanced Medical Research (CAMR), BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India. Dr. Das did his M.S. and Ph.D. in Human Physiology from the University of Calcutta, Kolkata. His area of research is focused on understanding of molecular mechanisms of heavy metal activated low oxygen sensing pathways in vascular pathophysiology. He has invented a new method of estimation of serum vitamin E. His expertise in critical experimental protocols on vascular functions in experimental animals was well documented by his quality of publications. He was a Visiting Professor of Medicine at University of Leeds, United Kingdom (2014-2016) and Tulane University, New Orleans, USA (2017). For his immense contribution in medical research Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India conferred him 'G.P. Chatterjee Memorial Research Prize-2019” and he is also the recipient of 'Dr.Raja Ramanna State Scientist Award 2015” by Government of Karnataka. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB), London and Honorary Fellow of Karnataka Science and Technology Academy, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka.",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University), India",institution:null},{id:"243660",title:"Dr.",name:"Mallanagouda Shivanagouda",middleName:null,surname:"Biradar",slug:"mallanagouda-shivanagouda-biradar",fullName:"Mallanagouda Shivanagouda Biradar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243660/images/system/243660.jpeg",biography:"M. S. Biradar is Vice Chancellor and Professor of Medicine of\nBLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India.\nHe obtained his MD with a gold medal in General Medicine and\nhas devoted himself to medical teaching, research, and administrations. He has also immensely contributed to medical research\non vascular medicine, which is reflected by his numerous publications including books and book chapters. Professor Biradar was\nalso Visiting Professor at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University)",institution:{name:"BLDE University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"289796",title:"Dr.",name:"Swastika",middleName:null,surname:"Das",slug:"swastika-das",fullName:"Swastika Das",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/289796/images/system/289796.jpeg",biography:"Swastika N. Das is Professor of Chemistry at the V. P. Dr. P. G.\nHalakatti College of Engineering and Technology, BLDE (Deemed\nto be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India. She obtained an\nMSc, MPhil, and PhD in Chemistry from Sambalpur University,\nOdisha, India. Her areas of research interest are medicinal chemistry, chemical kinetics, and free radical chemistry. She is a member\nof the investigators who invented a new modified method of estimation of serum vitamin E. She has authored numerous publications including book\nchapters and is a mentor of doctoral curriculum at her university.",institutionString:"BLDEA’s V.P.Dr.P.G.Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology",institution:{name:"BLDE University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"248459",title:"Dr.",name:"Akikazu",middleName:null,surname:"Takada",slug:"akikazu-takada",fullName:"Akikazu Takada",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248459/images/system/248459.png",biography:"Akikazu Takada was born in Japan, 1935. After graduation from\nKeio University School of Medicine and finishing his post-graduate studies, he worked at Roswell Park Memorial Institute NY,\nUSA. He then took a professorship at Hamamatsu University\nSchool of Medicine. In thrombosis studies, he found the SK\npotentiator that enhances plasminogen activation by streptokinase. He is very much interested in simultaneous measurements\nof fatty acids, amino acids, and tryptophan degradation products. By using fatty\nacid analyses, he indicated that plasma levels of trans-fatty acids of old men were\nfar higher in the US than Japanese men. . He also showed that eicosapentaenoic acid\n(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels are higher, and arachidonic acid\nlevels are lower in Japanese than US people. By using simultaneous LC/MS analyses\nof plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites, he recently found that plasma levels of\nserotonin, kynurenine, or 5-HIAA were higher in patients of mono- and bipolar\ndepression, which are significantly different from observations reported before. In\nview of recent reports that plasma tryptophan metabolites are mainly produced by\nmicrobiota. He is now working on the relationships between microbiota and depression or autism.",institutionString:"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine",institution:{name:"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"137240",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"mohammed-khalid",fullName:"Mohammed Khalid",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/137240/images/system/137240.png",biography:"Mohammed Khalid received his B.S. degree in chemistry in 2000 and Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry in 2007 from the University of Khartoum, Sudan. He moved to School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia in 2009 and joined Dr. Ron Clarke as a postdoctoral fellow where he worked on the interaction of ATP with the phosphoenzyme of the Na+/K+-ATPase and dual mechanisms of allosteric acceleration of the Na+/K+-ATPase by ATP; then he went back to Department of Chemistry, University of Khartoum as an assistant professor, and in 2014 he was promoted as an associate professor. In 2011, he joined the staff of Department of Chemistry at Taif University, Saudi Arabia, where he is currently an assistant professor. His research interests include the following: P-Type ATPase enzyme kinetics and mechanisms, kinetics and mechanisms of redox reactions, autocatalytic reactions, computational enzyme kinetics, allosteric acceleration of P-type ATPases by ATP, exploring of allosteric sites of ATPases, and interaction of ATP with ATPases located in cell membranes.",institutionString:"Taif University",institution:{name:"Taif University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"63810",title:"Prof.",name:"Jorge",middleName:null,surname:"Morales-Montor",slug:"jorge-morales-montor",fullName:"Jorge Morales-Montor",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63810/images/system/63810.png",biography:"Dr. Jorge Morales-Montor was recognized with the Lola and Igo Flisser PUIS Award for best graduate thesis at the national level in the field of parasitology. He received a fellowship from the Fogarty Foundation to perform postdoctoral research stay at the University of Georgia. He has 153 journal articles to his credit. He has also edited several books and published more than fifty-five book chapters. He is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, Latin American Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Medicine. He has received more than thirty-five awards and has supervised numerous bachelor’s, master’s, and Ph.D. students. Dr. Morales-Montor is the past president of the Mexican Society of Parasitology.",institutionString:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"217215",title:"Dr.",name:"Palash",middleName:null,surname:"Mandal",slug:"palash-mandal",fullName:"Palash Mandal",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217215/images/system/217215.jpeg",biography:null,institutionString:"Charusat University",institution:null},{id:"49739",title:"Dr.",name:"Leszek",middleName:null,surname:"Szablewski",slug:"leszek-szablewski",fullName:"Leszek Szablewski",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49739/images/system/49739.jpg",biography:"Leszek Szablewski is a professor of medical sciences. He received his M.S. in the Faculty of Biology from the University of Warsaw and his PhD degree from the Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences. He habilitated in the Medical University of Warsaw, and he obtained his degree of Professor from the President of Poland. Professor Szablewski is the Head of Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw. Professor Szablewski has published over 80 peer-reviewed papers in journals such as Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Reviews of Cancer, Biol. Chem., J. Biomed. Sci., and Diabetes/Metabol. Res. Rev, Endocrine. He is the author of two books and four book chapters. He has edited four books, written 15 scripts for students, is the ad hoc reviewer of over 30 peer-reviewed journals, and editorial member of peer-reviewed journals. Prof. Szablewski’s research focuses on cell physiology, genetics, and pathophysiology. He works on the damage caused by lack of glucose homeostasis and changes in the expression and/or function of glucose transporters due to various diseases. He has given lectures, seminars, and exercises for students at the Medical University.",institutionString:"Medical University of Warsaw",institution:{name:"Medical University of Warsaw",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"173123",title:"Dr.",name:"Maitham",middleName:null,surname:"Khajah",slug:"maitham-khajah",fullName:"Maitham Khajah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/173123/images/system/173123.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Maitham A. Khajah received his degree in Pharmacy from Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, in 2003 and obtained his PhD degree in December 2009 from the University of Calgary, Canada (Gastrointestinal Science and Immunology). Since January 2010 he has been assistant professor in Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. His research interest are molecular targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the mechanisms responsible for immune cell chemotaxis. He cosupervised many students for the MSc Molecular Biology Program, College of Graduate Studies, Kuwait University. Ever since joining Kuwait University in 2010, he got various grants as PI and Co-I. He was awarded the Best Young Researcher Award by Kuwait University, Research Sector, for the Year 2013–2014. He was a member in the organizing committee for three conferences organized by Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, as cochair and a member in the scientific committee (the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Kuwait International Pharmacy Conference).",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},{id:"195136",title:"Dr.",name:"Aya",middleName:null,surname:"Adel",slug:"aya-adel",fullName:"Aya Adel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195136/images/system/195136.jpg",biography:"Dr. Adel works as an Assistant Lecturer in the unit of Phoniatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. Dr. Adel is especially interested in joint attention and its impairment in autism spectrum disorder",institutionString:"Ain Shams University",institution:{name:"Ain Shams University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"94911",title:"Dr.",name:"Boulenouar",middleName:null,surname:"Mesraoua",slug:"boulenouar-mesraoua",fullName:"Boulenouar Mesraoua",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94911/images/system/94911.png",biography:"Dr Boulenouar Mesraoua is the Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology at Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar and a Consultant Neurologist at Hamad Medical Corporation at the Neuroscience Department; He graduated as a Medical Doctor from the University of Oran, Algeria; he then moved to Belgium, the City of Liege, for a Residency in Internal Medicine and Neurology at Liege University; after getting the Belgian Board of Neurology (with high marks), he went to the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom for a fellowship in Clinical Neurophysiology, under Pr Willison ; Dr Mesraoua had also further training in Epilepsy and Continuous EEG Monitoring for two years (from 2001-2003) in the Neurophysiology department of Zurich University, Switzerland, under late Pr Hans Gregor Wieser ,an internationally known epileptologist expert. \n\nDr B. Mesraoua is the Director of the Neurology Fellowship Program at the Neurology Section and an active member of the newly created Comprehensive Epilepsy Program at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar; he is also Assistant Director of the Residency Program at the Qatar Medical School. \nDr B. Mesraoua's main interests are Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Clinical Neurology; He is the Chairman and the Organizer of the well known Qatar Epilepsy Symposium, he is running yearly for the past 14 years and which is considered a landmark in the Gulf region; He has also started last year , together with other epileptologists from Qatar, the region and elsewhere, a yearly International Epilepsy School Course, which was attended by many neurologists from the Area.\n\nInternationally, Dr Mesraoua is an active and elected member of the Commission on Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR ) , a regional branch of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), where he represents the Middle East and North Africa(MENA ) and where he holds the position of chief of the Epilepsy Epidemiology Section; Dr Mesraoua is a member of the American Academy of Neurology, the Europeen Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society.\n\nDr Mesraoua's main objectives are to encourage frequent gathering of the epileptologists/neurologists from the MENA region and the rest of the world, promote Epilepsy Teaching in the MENA Region, and encourage multicenter studies involving neurologists and epileptologists in the MENA region, particularly epilepsy epidemiological studies. \n\nDr. Mesraoua is the recipient of two research Grants, as the Lead Principal Investigator (750.000 USD and 250.000 USD) from the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) and the Hamad Hospital Internal Research Grant (IRGC), on the following topics : “Continuous EEG Monitoring in the ICU “ and on “Alpha-lactoalbumin , proof of concept in the treatment of epilepsy” .Dr Mesraoua is a reviewer for the journal \"seizures\" (Europeen Epilepsy Journal ) as well as dove journals ; Dr Mesraoua is the author and co-author of many peer reviewed publications and four book chapters in the field of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurology",institutionString:"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar",institution:{name:"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar",country:{name:"Qatar"}}},{id:"282429",title:"Prof.",name:"Covanis",middleName:null,surname:"Athanasios",slug:"covanis-athanasios",fullName:"Covanis Athanasios",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/282429/images/system/282429.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:"Neurology-Neurophysiology Department of the Children Hospital Agia Sophia",institution:null},{id:"190980",title:"Prof.",name:"Marwa",middleName:null,surname:"Mahmoud Saleh",slug:"marwa-mahmoud-saleh",fullName:"Marwa Mahmoud Saleh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/190980/images/system/190980.jpg",biography:"Professor Marwa Mahmoud Saleh is a doctor of medicine and currently works in the unit of Phoniatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. She got her doctoral degree in 1991 and her doctoral thesis was accomplished in the University of Iowa, United States. Her publications covered a multitude of topics as videokymography, cochlear implants, stuttering, and dysphagia. She has lectured Egyptian phonology for many years. Her recent research interest is joint attention in autism.",institutionString:"Ain Shams University",institution:{name:"Ain Shams University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"259190",title:"Dr.",name:"Syed Ali Raza",middleName:null,surname:"Naqvi",slug:"syed-ali-raza-naqvi",fullName:"Syed Ali Raza Naqvi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259190/images/system/259190.png",biography:"Dr. Naqvi is a radioanalytical chemist and is working as an associate professor of analytical chemistry in the Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Advance separation techniques, nuclear analytical techniques and radiopharmaceutical analysis are the main courses that he is teaching to graduate and post-graduate students. In the research area, he is focusing on the development of organic- and biomolecule-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy of infectious and cancerous diseases. Under the supervision of Dr. Naqvi, three students have completed their Ph.D. degrees and 41 students have completed their MS degrees. He has completed three research projects and is currently working on 2 projects entitled “Radiolabeling of fluoroquinolone derivatives for the diagnosis of deep-seated bacterial infections” and “Radiolabeled minigastrin peptides for diagnosis and therapy of NETs”. He has published about 100 research articles in international reputed journals and 7 book chapters. Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH) Islamabad, Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINM), Faisalabad and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology (INOR) Abbottabad are the main collaborating institutes.",institutionString:"Government College University",institution:{name:"Government College University, Faisalabad",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"58390",title:"Dr.",name:"Gyula",middleName:null,surname:"Mozsik",slug:"gyula-mozsik",fullName:"Gyula Mozsik",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/58390/images/system/58390.png",biography:"Gyula Mózsik MD, Ph.D., ScD (med), is an emeritus professor of Medicine at the First Department of Medicine, Univesity of Pécs, Hungary. He was head of this department from 1993 to 2003. His specializations are medicine, gastroenterology, clinical pharmacology, clinical nutrition, and dietetics. His research fields are biochemical pharmacological examinations in the human gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, mechanisms of retinoids, drugs, capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves, and innovative pharmacological, pharmaceutical, and nutritional (dietary) research in humans. He has published about 360 peer-reviewed papers, 197 book chapters, 692 abstracts, 19 monographs, and has edited 37 books. He has given about 1120 regular and review lectures. He has organized thirty-eight national and international congresses and symposia. He is the founder of the International Conference on Ulcer Research (ICUR); International Union of Pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Section (IUPHAR-GI); Brain-Gut Society symposiums, and gastrointestinal cytoprotective symposiums. He received the Andre Robert Award from IUPHAR-GI in 2014. Fifteen of his students have been appointed as full professors in Egypt, Cuba, and Hungary.",institutionString:"University of Pécs",institution:{name:"University of Pecs",country:{name:"Hungary"}}},{id:"277367",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Daniel",middleName:"Martin",surname:"Márquez López",slug:"daniel-marquez-lopez",fullName:"Daniel Márquez López",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/277367/images/7909_n.jpg",biography:"Msc Daniel Martin Márquez López has a bachelor degree in Industrial Chemical Engineering, a Master of science degree in the same área and he is a PhD candidate for the Instituto Politécnico Nacional. His Works are realted to the Green chemistry field, biolubricants, biodiesel, transesterification reactions for biodiesel production and the manipulation of oils for therapeutic purposes.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"196544",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196544/images/system/196544.jpg",biography:"Angel Catalá studied chemistry at Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, where he received a Ph.D. in Chemistry (Biological Branch) in 1965. From 1964 to 1974, he worked as an Assistant in Biochemistry at the School of Medicine at the same university. From 1974 to 1976, he was a fellow of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the University of Connecticut, Health Center, USA. From 1985 to 2004, he served as a Full Professor of Biochemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. He is a member of the National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina, and the Argentine Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SAIB). His laboratory has been interested for many years in the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes from various tissues and different species. Dr. Catalá has directed twelve doctoral theses, published more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals, several chapters in books, and edited twelve books. He received awards at the 40th International Conference Biochemistry of Lipids 1999 in Dijon, France. He is the winner of the Bimbo Pan-American Nutrition, Food Science and Technology Award 2006 and 2012, South America, Human Nutrition, Professional Category. In 2006, he won the Bernardo Houssay award in pharmacology, in recognition of his meritorious works of research. Dr. Catalá belongs to the editorial board of several journals including Journal of Lipids; International Review of Biophysical Chemistry; Frontiers in Membrane Physiology and Biophysics; World Journal of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry Research International; World Journal of Biological Chemistry, Diabetes, and the Pancreas; International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy; and International Journal of Nutrition. He is the co-editor of The Open Biology Journal and associate editor for Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.",institutionString:"Universidad Nacional de La Plata",institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",country:{name:"Argentina"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",slug:"francisco-javier-martin-romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",biography:"Francisco Javier Martín-Romero (Javier) is a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Extremadura, Spain. He is also a group leader at the Biomarkers Institute of Molecular Pathology. Javier received his Ph.D. in 1998 in Biochemistry and Biophysics. At the National Cancer Institute (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) he worked as a research associate on the molecular biology of selenium and its role in health and disease. After postdoctoral collaborations with Carlos Gutierrez-Merino (University of Extremadura, Spain) and Dario Alessi (University of Dundee, UK), he established his own laboratory in 2008. The interest of Javier's lab is the study of cell signaling with a special focus on Ca2+ signaling, and how Ca2+ transport modulates the cytoskeleton, migration, differentiation, cell death, etc. He is especially interested in the study of Ca2+ channels, and the role of STIM1 in the initiation of pathological events.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"217323",title:"Prof.",name:"Guang-Jer",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",slug:"guang-jer-wu",fullName:"Guang-Jer Wu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217323/images/8027_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"148546",title:"Dr.",name:"Norma Francenia",middleName:null,surname:"Santos-Sánchez",slug:"norma-francenia-santos-sanchez",fullName:"Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/148546/images/4640_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"272889",title:"Dr.",name:"Narendra",middleName:null,surname:"Maddu",slug:"narendra-maddu",fullName:"Narendra Maddu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/272889/images/10758_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"242491",title:"Prof.",name:"Angelica",middleName:null,surname:"Rueda",slug:"angelica-rueda",fullName:"Angelica Rueda",position:"Investigador Cinvestav 3B",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242491/images/6765_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"88631",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Petyaev",slug:"ivan-petyaev",fullName:"Ivan Petyaev",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lycotec (United Kingdom)",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"423869",title:"Ms.",name:"Smita",middleName:null,surname:"Rai",slug:"smita-rai",fullName:"Smita Rai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"424024",title:"Prof.",name:"Swati",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"swati-sharma",fullName:"Swati Sharma",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"439112",title:"MSc.",name:"Touseef",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"touseef-fatima",fullName:"Touseef Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"424836",title:"Dr.",name:"Orsolya",middleName:null,surname:"Borsai",slug:"orsolya-borsai",fullName:"Orsolya Borsai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"422262",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Paola Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Palmeros-Suárez",slug:"paola-andrea-palmeros-suarez",fullName:"Paola Andrea Palmeros-Suárez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Guadalajara",country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"95",type:"subseries",title:"Urban Planning and Environmental Management",keywords:"Circular economy, Contingency planning and response to disasters, Ecosystem services, Integrated urban water management, Nature-based solutions, Sustainable urban development, Urban green spaces",scope:"