Surface properties of surfactants.
\r\n\tThis book will describe the self-assembly of materials and supramolecular chemistry design principles for a broad spectrum of materials, including bio-inspired amphiphiles, metal oxides, metal nanoparticles, and organic-inorganic hybrid materials. It will provide fundamental concepts of self-assembly design approaches and supramolecular chemistry principles for research ideas in nanotechnology applications. The book will focus on three main themes, which include: the self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry of amphiplies by coordination programming, the supramolecular structures and devices of inorganic materials, and the assembly-disassembly of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The contributing chapters will be written by leading scientists in their field, with the hope that this book will provide a foundation on supramolecular chemistry principles to students and active researchers who are interested in nanoscience and nanoengineering fields.
",isbn:"978-1-83969-702-9",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-701-2",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-703-6",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"e9cc643ae0a219e91e445a1e61b33a22",bookSignature:"Prof. Hemali Rathnayake and Dr. Gayani Pathiraja",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11908.jpg",keywords:"Amphiphiles, Artificial Siderophores, Coordination Chemistry, Self-Assembly Design, Supramolecular Structures, Metal Oxides, Metal Particles, 2D Inorganic Materials, Supramolecular Devices, Stimuli-Responsive Materials, Assembly-Disassembly Design, Superstructures",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 27th 2022",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"July 1st 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 30th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"November 18th 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"January 17th 2023",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"6 days",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. Rathnayake is a pioneering researcher in self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry, with a Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, US. She is an inventor of three innovative technologies, including the Bioinspried Sub-7 nm self-assembled structures for patterning, and holder of multiple registered patents.",coeditorOneBiosketch:"Dr. Gayani Pathiraja is a Postdoctoral Research Scholar at the Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN). She received her Ph.D. in Nanoscience from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro in 2021. Her research interests focus on the crystal growth mechanism and kinetics of metal oxide nanostructure formation via self-assembly.",coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"323782",title:"Prof.",name:"Hemali",middleName:null,surname:"Rathnayake",slug:"hemali-rathnayake",fullName:"Hemali Rathnayake",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/323782/images/system/323782.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hemali Rathnayake, Associate Professor in the Department of Nanoscience at the Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA, obtained her B.S. in Chemistry from the University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka. She obtained her Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass), Department of Chemistry in 2007. She was a Postdoctoral research fellow at Polymer Science & Engineering, UMass Amherst. \r\nDr. Rathnayake is a pioneer scientist and a chemist in the field of Nanomaterials Chemistry, with a focus on the interfacial interaction of nanomaterials, molecules, macromolecules, and polymers in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. Her research on the design, synthesis, self-assembly, and application of well-defined superstructures in nanoelectronics, environmental remediation, and sustainable energy has impacted the scientific community with highly rated peer-reviewed journals publications, and more than 80 invited talks to scientific and non-scientific communities including colleges and high schools.",institutionString:"University of North Carolina at Greensboro",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"University of North Carolina at Greensboro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],coeditorOne:{id:"427650",title:"Dr.",name:"Gayani",middleName:null,surname:"Pathiraja",slug:"gayani-pathiraja",fullName:"Gayani Pathiraja",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003CCSN2QAP/Profile_Picture_1644217020559",biography:"Dr. Gayani Pathiraja is a Postdoctoral Research Scholar at the Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN). She received her Ph.D. in Nanoscience from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) in 2021. Her expertise area of focus is investigating the crystal growth mechanism and kinetics of metal oxide nanostructure formation via in-situ self-assembly design principles. \r\nDr. Pathiraja earned her master’s degree in electrochemistry/Environmental Engineering from the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, and her Bachelor’s degree in Materials Science and Technology from Uva Wellassa University, Sri Lanka. Dr. Pathiraja started her academic career as a lecturer at the Department of Engineering Technology, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka in 2016. She is a co-author of several peer-reviewed journal publications and a book chapter, and she has presented her work at several regional, international, and national conferences.",institutionString:"University of North Carolina at Greensboro",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"University of North Carolina at Greensboro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"8",title:"Chemistry",slug:"chemistry"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"466998",firstName:"Dragan",lastName:"Miljak",middleName:"Anton",title:"Mr.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/466998/images/21564_n.jpg",email:"dragan@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copy-editing and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. A unique name with a unique work ethic right at your service."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"872",title:"Organic Pollutants Ten Years After the Stockholm Convention",subtitle:"Environmental and Analytical Update",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f01dc7077e1d23f3d8f5454985cafa0a",slug:"organic-pollutants-ten-years-after-the-stockholm-convention-environmental-and-analytical-update",bookSignature:"Tomasz Puzyn and Aleksandra Mostrag-Szlichtyng",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/872.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"84887",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomasz",surname:"Puzyn",slug:"tomasz-puzyn",fullName:"Tomasz Puzyn"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"39927",title:"Information Technology and E-commerce Reflexes on Total and Agricultural Trade in Egypt",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.84111",slug:"information-technology-and-e-commerce-reflexes-on-total-and-agricultural-trade-in-egypt",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/39927.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/39927",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/39927",totalDownloads:2184,totalViews:97,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:0,impactScorePercentile:23,impactScoreQuartile:1,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:null,dateReviewed:null,datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"September 10th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/39927",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/39927",book:{id:"3565",slug:"international-conference-on-applied-life-sciences"},signatures:"Mahmoud M .Fawaz, Abdelbaky M. Elshaib, Roshdy Sh. El Adwy",authors:null,sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"3565",type:"book",title:"International Conference on Applied Life Sciences",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"International Conference on Applied Life Sciences",slug:"international-conference-on-applied-life-sciences",publishedDate:"September 10th 2012",bookSignature:"Farhad Nejadkoorki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3565.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0725-5",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5330-6",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:6,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"71481",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Farhad",middleName:null,surname:"Nejadkoorki",slug:"farhad-nejadkoorki",fullName:"Farhad Nejadkoorki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"862"}],productType:{id:"2",title:"Proceeding",chapterContentType:"conference paper",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"39863",type:"chapter",title:"Effect of Environmental and Socioeconomically Change on Agricultural Production in Konya Region",slug:"effect-of-environmental-and-socioeconomically-change-on-agricultural-production-in-konya-region",totalDownloads:1730,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Sukru Dursun, Serpil Onder, Ramazan Acar,\nMithat Direk, Osman Mucehver",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39864",type:"chapter",title:"MTAGenelMüdürlüğü,2006b.Araştırma Alanının Topoğrafik Haritası, Konya. Feasibility of Ecotourism Absorption in Desert Zones",slug:"mtagenelmu-du-rlu-g-u-2006b-aras-t-rma-alan-n-n-topog-rafik-haritas-konya-feasibility-of-ecotourism-",totalDownloads:1371,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"H. Zarei Mahmoodabady, M.Yazdi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39865",type:"chapter",title:"Global Energy Consumption Paradigm: Future Trends and Trajectory",slug:"global-energy-consumption-paradigm-future-trends-and-trajectory",totalDownloads:2364,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Vrushal T. Ghoble",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39871",type:"chapter",title:"An Analysis of Iran’s Cities Distributions in Related to Earthquake Hazard",slug:"an-analysis-of-iran-s-cities-distributions-in-related-to-earthquake-hazard",totalDownloads:1843,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Safar Ghaedrahmati, Mohammad Reza Rezaei",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39872",type:"chapter",title:"2 Rangeland Dynamics Monitoring using Remotely-sensed Data in Dehdez Area, Iran",slug:"2-rangeland-dynamics-monitoring-using-remotely-sensed-data-in-dehdez-area-iran",totalDownloads:1683,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ali A Torahi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39873",type:"chapter",title:"A Simple Method for Purification of low Levels of Beluga (Huso huso) Vitellogenin",slug:"a-simple-method-for-purification-of-low-levels-of-beluga-huso-huso-vitellogenin",totalDownloads:1413,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mahdi Paktinat, Mahvash Khodabandeh, Bagher Mojazi Amiri, Hamid Farahmand",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39874",type:"chapter",title:"Evaluation of the Effects of Climate Change on Temperature, Precipitation and Evapotranspiration in Iran",slug:"evaluation-of-the-effects-of-climate-change-on-temperature-precipitation-and-evapotranspiration-in-i",totalDownloads:3046,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"M.T. Dastorani and S. Poormohammadi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39875",type:"chapter",title:"Artificial Neural Networks: A Non-linear Tool for Air Quality Modeling and Monitoring",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-a-non-linear-tool-for-air-quality-modeling-and-monitoring",totalDownloads:1897,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Amirsasha Bnanankhah, Farhad Nejadkoorki",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39876",type:"chapter",title:"The Study of the Urban Environment in Old and Modern Forms (Case Study of Yazd, Iran)",slug:"the-study-of-the-urban-environment-in-old-and-modern-forms-case-study-of-yazd-iran-",totalDownloads:1806,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Elham Yousefi, Farhad Nejadkoorki",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39877",type:"chapter",title:"Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons (oil fuels) by Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Candida sp and Aspergillus terreus by Isolated from The Coast Line of Arzew – Oran-Algeria",slug:"biodegradation-of-hydrocarbons-oil-fuels-by-pseudomonas-aeroginosa-candida-sp-and-aspergillus-terreu",totalDownloads:1696,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Kheira Hammadi, Mahjouba Aznouz, Miloud Halbouche",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39878",type:"chapter",title:"Economic Impact of Lake Edku Pollution",slug:"economic-impact-of-lake-edku-pollution",totalDownloads:1985,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"El-Tatawy Nashwa",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39879",type:"chapter",title:"Nitrate Removal from Water Using Synthesis Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (NZVI)",slug:"nitrate-removal-from-water-using-synthesis-nanoscale-zero-valent-iron-nzvi-",totalDownloads:2822,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Shima Ziajahromi1, Ali Daryabeigi Zand1 and Meysam Khanizadeh",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39880",type:"chapter",title:"To Review Climate Change Effects on Basic Resources (A Case Study of these Effects on Zagros Forests)",slug:"to-review-climate-change-effects-on-basic-resources-a-case-study-of-these-effects-on-zagros-forests-",totalDownloads:1319,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Majid Loghmanpour, Zhirair Vardanian, Hadi Kiadaliri, Mohsen Elahi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39881",type:"chapter",title:"Rangeland Degradation and its Impacts on Water Quality in Zayandehroud River Basin",slug:"rangeland-degradation-and-its-impacts-on-water-quality-in-zayandehroud-river-basin",totalDownloads:1348,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Fatemeh Bateni, Sima Fakheran and Alireza Soffianian",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39882",type:"chapter",title:"Application of SWOT Analysis in Strategic Environmental Planning: A Case Study of Isfahan/ Iran",slug:"application-of-swot-analysis-in-strategic-environmental-planning-a-case-study-of-isfahan-iran",totalDownloads:3087,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Hakimeh Khalifipour, Alireza Soffianaian, Sima Fakheran",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39883",type:"chapter",title:"Flood Disaster Management in South Africa: Legislative Framework and Current Challenges",slug:"flood-disaster-management-in-south-africa-legislative-framework-and-current-challenges",totalDownloads:4301,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Bongumusa M. Zuma1, Catherine D. Luyt, Tatenda Chirenda, Roman Tandlich",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39884",type:"chapter",title:"Aprobabilistic Model of Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides",slug:"aprobabilistic-model-of-rainfall-induced-shallow-landslides",totalDownloads:1325,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ali Talebi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39885",type:"chapter",title:"Environmental Benefits of Organic Farming",slug:"environmental-benefits-of-organic-farming",totalDownloads:8143,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Farhad Nejadkoorki",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39886",type:"chapter",title:"The Role of Trees in Improving the Urban Landscape, (Case Study Vli Asr Street of Tehran City)",slug:"the-role-of-trees-in-improving-the-urban-landscape-case-study-vli-asr-street-of-tehran-city-",totalDownloads:2056,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Fardad Edalatkhah, Mahdi Shafaghati, Akram Norouzi, Somaye Motaghi, Maryam Mirbahaei",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39887",type:"chapter",title:"Analysis of Landscape Pattern Changes in Isfahan City during the Last Two Decades",slug:"analysis-of-landscape-pattern-changes-in-isfahan-city-during-the-last-two-decades",totalDownloads:1804,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Neda Bihamta Toosi, Sima Fakheran and Alireza Soffianian",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39888",type:"chapter",title:"Monitoring Land Use/Cover Changes Using Different Change Detection Techniques (Case Study: Falavarjan Area, Isfahan, Iran)",slug:"monitoring-land-use-cover-changes-using-different-change-detection-techniques-case-study-falavarjan-",totalDownloads:2431,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Maliheh Alsadat Madanian, Alireza Soffianian and Sima Fakheran",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39889",type:"chapter",title:"Demand for Gasoline in United Arab Emirates",slug:"demand-for-gasoline-in-united-arab-emirates",totalDownloads:2002,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Meena Al-Mansoori, Aydin Basarir, and Sherin Sherif",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39890",type:"chapter",title:"Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Ammonia over Nanostructure H-ZSM-5 Supported Transition Metal Oxide Catalysts",slug:"selective-catalytic-reduction-of-no-with-ammonia-over-nanostructure-h-zsm-5-supported-transition-met",totalDownloads:1941,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"A. Niaei, D. Salari, P. Nakhostin Panahi, S. M. Mousavi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39891",type:"chapter",title:"Sustainability Impact Assessment of Watershed Programs",slug:"sustainability-impact-assessment-of-watershed-programs",totalDownloads:1835,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Korous Khoshbakht, Hadi Veisi1, and Mohammad Ebrahim Rezai",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39892",type:"chapter",title:"Ecotourısm Plannıng of Murat Mountaın (Usak, Kutahya/Turkey)",slug:"ecotour-sm-plann-ng-of-murat-mounta-n-usak-kutahya-turkey-",totalDownloads:1634,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Abdurrahman Dinc, Nurhan Kocan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39893",type:"chapter",title:"A GIS Based Digital Land Resources Framework for Optimal Soil Management in Barda and Awaje Basin, Syria",slug:"a-gis-based-digital-land-resources-framework-for-optimal-soil-management-in-barda-and-awaje-basin-sy",totalDownloads:1500,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Said Sawy, Ali Abdel-Hameed and Kais A. Sultan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39894",type:"chapter",title:"Efficacy of Different Plant Extracts Against Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) on Cauliflower",slug:"efficacy-of-different-plant-extracts-against-diamondback-moth-plutella-xylostella-l-on-cauliflower",totalDownloads:1828,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jan M Mari",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39895",type:"chapter",title:"Toxic Effect of Fertilizers on Inferior Plants Resed as Biological Models",slug:"toxic-effect-of-fertilizers-on-inferior-plants-resed-as-biological-models",totalDownloads:1122,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Fadila Khaldi, Houria Berrebbah and Med.Réda. Djebar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39896",type:"chapter",title:"Rare Plant Species of the Protected Area of Kalmand-Bahadoran, Yazd Province, Iran",slug:"rare-plant-species-of-the-protected-area-of-kalmand-bahadoran-yazd-province-iran",totalDownloads:1837,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ali Akbar Karimian",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39897",type:"chapter",title:"The Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in the Seminal Plasmaand Sperms of Sub-fertile Patients and Normospermic Men",slug:"the-alkaline-phosphatase-levels-in-the-seminal-plasmaand-sperms-of-sub-fertile-patients-and-normospe",totalDownloads:1917,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Faris N. A. Alhady Alibawi, Sahib Y. Al-Morshidy, Ali G. Alhuweizi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39898",type:"chapter",title:"Influence of Lactose and Sucrose on Growth and Acetaldehyde Production by Three Strains of Streptococcus thermophilus",slug:"influence-of-lactose-and-sucrose-on-growth-and-acetaldehyde-production-by-three-strains-of-streptoco",totalDownloads:2221,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rabha Bennama, Victor Ladero, Miguel A Alvarez, María Fernández, Ahmed Bensoltane",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39899",type:"chapter",title:"Characterization of Quercus Species Distributed in Jordan Using Molecular Markers",slug:"characterization-of-quercus-species-distributed-in-jordan-using-molecular-markers",totalDownloads:1783,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mohammad S. Jawarneh, Mohammad H. Brake, Riad Muhidat, Hussein M. Migdadi, Jamil N. Lahham, Ahmad Ali El-Oqlah",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39900",type:"chapter",title:"Honey Bee Venom Modulates Hyperglycemia in Response to Hyperandrogenism in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-Induced Wistar Rats",slug:"honey-bee-venom-modulates-hyperglycemia-in-response-to-hyperandrogenism-in-polycystic-ovarian-syndro",totalDownloads:1680,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"M Nabiuni, S Nasri, F Poyanmanesh, L Karimzadeh, Z Nazari",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39901",type:"chapter",title:"Effects of Heavy Metals on the Snails Helix Aspersa Bioindicators of the Environment Pollution for Human Health",slug:"effects-of-heavy-metals-on-the-snails-helix-aspersa-bioindicators-of-the-environment-pollution-for-h",totalDownloads:1903,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Nedjoud Grara,Amira Atailia, Mounir Boucenna, Fadila Khaldi,Houria Berrebbah, Mohamed Reda Djebar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39902",type:"chapter",title:"Honey Bee Venom Will Differentiate Mesenchymal Stem Cells in to the Osteocyte",slug:"honey-bee-venom-will-differentiate-mesenchymal-stem-cells-in-to-the-osteocyte",totalDownloads:1623,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mohammad Nabiuni, Elham Azimi, Abdolhosein Shiravi, Zahra Nazari",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39903",type:"chapter",title:"Homocystein and Trace Elements Levels in Patient with Ischemic Heart Disease and some Associated Diseases",slug:"homocystein-and-trace-elements-levels-in-patient-with-ischemic-heart-disease-and-some-associated-dis",totalDownloads:1573,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Saad Merza Al-Araji, Ala H. Abbase, Zainab F. Hassan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39904",type:"chapter",title:"Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant, Antimicobial and Anticancer Activities of Lespedeza Bicolor Turcz (Papilionaceae)",slug:"total-phenolic-content-antioxidant-antimicobial-and-anticancer-activities-of-lespedeza-bicolor-turcz",totalDownloads:2161,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Samiullah, Asghari Bano, Sisay Girmay and Ghee Tan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39905",type:"chapter",title:"Rattus Rattus Parasites of El-Kala National Park (Algeria)",slug:"rattus-rattus-parasites-of-el-kala-national-park-algeria-",totalDownloads:1543,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Farida Becir, Idir Bitam, Hadjira Hannachi, M’Barek Chetoui and Zihad Bouslama",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39906",type:"chapter",title:"Assessment of PhylogeneticInter-Relationships in Mud Crab Genus Scylla (Portunidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequence",slug:"assessment-of-phylogeneticinter-relationships-in-mud-crab-genus-scylla-portunidae-based-on-mitochond",totalDownloads:2059,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Darlina Md. Naim, Hurul Adila-Aida Mohamad Rosly and Siti Azizah Mohd. Nor",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39907",type:"chapter",title:"Comparison of the MAKLER&HINRICHS(1993) Technique Versus Application Of Hepes Lysis Solvent In Determining The Activities Of Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH) In Plasmodium berghei- Infected Erythrocytes",slug:"comparison-of-the-makler-hinrichs-1993-technique-versus-application-of-hepes-lysis-solvent-in-determ",totalDownloads:1933,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Shafariatul A.I, Hasidah M. Sidek, Salmijah Surif",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39908",type:"chapter",title:"Detection of Rifampin-and Isoniazid-Resistant Genes in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Clinical Isolates",slug:"detection-of-rifampin-and-isoniazid-resistant-genes-in-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-clinical-isolates",totalDownloads:1693,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Noraziah Mohamad Zin, Nor Farha Hussain, Rahizan Isa, Mohamed Kamel A Ghani, Nik Marzuki Sidik",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39909",type:"chapter",title:"Contribution to the Study of the Impact of Phosphate Fertilizer on Biochemical Parameters of Triticum Durum",slug:"contribution-to-the-study-of-the-impact-of-phosphate-fertilizer-on-biochemical-parameters-of-triticu",totalDownloads:1457,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Sabrina Bouchelaghem, Djebar M. R",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39910",type:"chapter",title:"Frost Occurrence Risk Management for Pistachio Industry in Rafsanjan",slug:"frost-occurrence-risk-management-for-pistachio-industry-in-rafsanjan",totalDownloads:1224,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Alireza Hosseini, Mohammad-Saber Fallah Nezhad, Yahya Zare Mehrjardi, Reza Hosseini",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39911",type:"chapter",title:"Study on Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Five Iranian Apricot Cultivars on In Vitro Condition",slug:"study-on-pollen-germination-and-pollen-tube-growth-of-five-iranian-apricot-cultivars-on-in-vitro-con",totalDownloads:2069,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Reza Kamrani",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39912",type:"chapter",title:"Influence of Congruent-Incongruent Teaching and Learning Style on Agricultural and Natural Resources Student Performance",slug:"influence-of-congruent-incongruent-teaching-and-learning-style-on-agricultural-and-natural-resources",totalDownloads:2050,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Farzad Eskandari",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39913",type:"chapter",title:"Tagetes Erectus–a Tool for the Management of Alternaria Alternata Strains of Tomato",slug:"tagetes-erectus-a-tool-for-the-management-of-alternaria-alternata-strains-of-tomato",totalDownloads:1933,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Sobiya Shafique, Shazia Shafique",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39914",type:"chapter",title:"Biological Control Potential of Parthenium Hysterophorus Against Fusarium Solani – a Cause of Fusarium Wilt in Potato",slug:"biological-control-potential-of-parthenium-hysterophorus-against-fusarium-solani-a-cause-of-fusarium",totalDownloads:2137,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Shazia Shafique, Sobiya Shafique",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39915",type:"chapter",title:"Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Clove, Cumin and Cinnamon Against Blue Mold Disease on Citrus Fruit",slug:"antifungal-activity-of-essential-oils-extracted-from-clove-cumin-and-cinnamon-against-blue-mold-dise",totalDownloads:2670,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Tehmina Anjum and Nosheen Akhtar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39916",type:"chapter",title:"Clinical, Serological, Hormonal, Bacteriological and Molecular Detection of Brucellosis in Aborted Cows and Buffalos",slug:"clinical-serological-hormonal-bacteriological-and-molecular-detection-of-brucellosis-in-aborted-cows",totalDownloads:2833,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jabbar A.A. AL-Sa’aidi, Mohsen A. Al-Rodh, Ali Anok Najum",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39917",type:"chapter",title:"Greenhouse Experiments of Symbiotic Effectiveness of Acid-Aluminium Tolerance Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Strains on Soybean Plant",slug:"greenhouse-experiments-of-symbiotic-effectiveness-of-acid-aluminium-tolerance-bradyrhizobium-japonic",totalDownloads:2643,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Nisa Rachmania Mubarik, Hanum Habibah and Aris Tri Wahyudi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39918",type:"chapter",title:"A Gravity Model Analysis of Egypt’s Trade and Some Economic Blocks",slug:"a-gravity-model-analysis-of-egypt-s-trade-and-some-economic-blocks",totalDownloads:1771,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"El-Sayed M. A.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39919",type:"chapter",title:"Competitive interaction of Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) at Different Time of Emergence and Density",slug:"competitive-interaction-of-common-lambsquarters-chenopodium-album-l-and-maize-zea-mays-l-at-differen",totalDownloads:1590,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Vahid Sarabi, Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati, Ahmad Nezami\nand Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39920",type:"chapter",title:"Environmental and Economic Evaluation for the Breeding of Grass Carp in Egypt’s Water Channels",slug:"environmental-and-economic-evaluation-for-the-breeding-of-grass-carp-in-egypt-s-water-channels",totalDownloads:2112,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed, Dr. Abdelbaky Mousa Abdelbaky Elshaib, Abdelmagid Hassan Abdelmagid",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39921",type:"chapter",title:"Effect of Priming on Dormancy Breaking and Seedling Establishment of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.)",slug:"effect-of-priming-on-dormancy-breaking-and-seedling-establishment-of-caper-capparis-spinosa-l-",totalDownloads:2065,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Saeed Khaninejad, Iman Hessam Arefi, and Mohammad Kaf",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39922",type:"chapter",title:"Factors Influencing Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Organic Products (AOP)",slug:"factors-influencing-consumers-willingness-to-pay-for-agricultural-organic-products-aop-",totalDownloads:4086,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mahtab Pouratashi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39923",type:"chapter",title:"Effect of Fungal Growth Inhibition from Pomegranate Flower and Peel Extracts",slug:"effect-of-fungal-growth-inhibition-from-pomegranate-flower-and-peel-extracts",totalDownloads:1828,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mahsa Shafighi, Leila Amjad, Mahboubeh Madani",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39924",type:"chapter",title:"Investigating Importance and Effects of Climate Changes in Agriculture in South Khorasan Province and Recognizing Appropriate Extension Education Activities in Confronting Rhem",slug:"investigating-importance-and-effects-of-climate-changes-in-agriculture-in-south-khorasan-province-an",totalDownloads:1446,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Farhood Golmohammadi, Mohsen Arazmjoo, Seyed Hamid Razavi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39925",type:"chapter",title:"Allelopathy an Environmentally Friendly Method for Weed Control",slug:"allelopathy-an-environmentally-friendly-method-for-weed-control",totalDownloads:3990,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Hamid Sodaeizadeh, Zahra Hosseini",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39926",type:"chapter",title:"Improving Bread Wheat Productivity and Reduce Use of Mineral Nitrogen by Inoculation With Azotobacter and Azospirillum Under Arid Environment in Upper Egypt",slug:"improving-bread-wheat-productivity-and-reduce-use-of-mineral-nitrogen-by-inoculation-with-azotobacte",totalDownloads:2192,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Abd El-Lattief, E.A.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39927",type:"chapter",title:"Information Technology and E-commerce Reflexes on Total and Agricultural Trade in Egypt",slug:"information-technology-and-e-commerce-reflexes-on-total-and-agricultural-trade-in-egypt",totalDownloads:2184,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mahmoud M .Fawaz, Abdelbaky M. Elshaib, Roshdy Sh. El Adwy",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39928",type:"chapter",title:"Effect of Heat on Egg White Proteins",slug:"effect-of-heat-on-egg-white-proteins",totalDownloads:16051,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Zoubida Akkouche, Lyes Aissat, Khodir Madani",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39929",type:"chapter",title:"Assessment Of Environmental Quality Of Coastal Fishpond Areas Using Macrobenthic Structure: Multivariate And Graphical Approaches",slug:"assessment-of-environmental-quality-of-coastal-fishpond-areas-using-macrobenthic-structure-multivari",totalDownloads:1462,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Sapto Purnomo Putro and Riche Hariyati",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39930",type:"chapter",title:"Dietary Manipulations for Enhancing Cardio-Protective Fatty Acids in the Milk of Dairy Cows",slug:"dietary-manipulations-for-enhancing-cardio-protective-fatty-acids-in-the-milk-of-dairy-cows",totalDownloads:1247,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Muhmmad Subhan Qureshi, Tawheed Ali Azeemi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39931",type:"chapter",title:"The Issue of Food Subsidies in Egypt Following the Revolution of January 25",slug:"the-issue-of-food-subsidies-in-egypt-following-the-revolution-of-january-25",totalDownloads:1763,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dr.Roshdy Sh. El Adwy",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39932",type:"chapter",title:"The Effect of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Fenugreek Seeds on Female Reproductive Hormones in Mice",slug:"the-effect-of-hydro-alcoholic-extract-of-fenugreek-seeds-on-female-reproductive-hormones-in-mice",totalDownloads:3353,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mehrdad Modaresi, Behnaz Mahdian, Alireza Jalalizand",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39933",type:"chapter",title:"Determining Morphological Traits and Genetic Diversity of Rose Aphids Using RAPD and RFLP-PCR Molecular Markers",slug:"determining-morphological-traits-and-genetic-diversity-of-rose-aphids-using-rapd-and-rflp-pcr-molecu",totalDownloads:1750,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ali Reza Jalalizand, Azadeh Karimi, Mehrdad Modaresi,\nEsmaeil Mahmoodi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39934",type:"chapter",title:"Synthesisand Characterization of Arylazopyrazolopyrimidines Dyes and Studying their Antibacterial Activity",slug:"synthesisand-characterization-of-arylazopyrazolopyrimidines-dyes-and-studying-their-antibacterial-ac",totalDownloads:1861,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"K.A.Ahmed, M. A. Elkashouti, S.T.Tawfeek and Sh. S. Mohamed",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"39935",type:"chapter",title:"Synthesis of Partially Carboxymethyl Cellulose Derived From Rice Straw and its Utilization as Dye Adsorbent",slug:"synthesis-of-partially-carboxymethyl-cellulose-derived-from-rice-straw-and-its-utilization-as-dye-ad",totalDownloads:1949,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"S. Tawfik, S. H. Abd Elsalam, H. M. El-Hennawi, I. Abd El-Thalouth, E. Adel",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"193",title:"Advanced Air Pollution",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"71b747f0c89ed641765cfa126a76d73e",slug:"advanced-air-pollution",bookSignature:"Farhad Nejadkoorki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/193.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"71481",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Farhad",surname:"Nejadkoorki",slug:"farhad-nejadkoorki",fullName:"Farhad Nejadkoorki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"17373",title:"Observational Study of Black Carbon in the North Suburb of Nanjing, China",slug:"observational-study-of-black-carbon-in-the-north-suburb-of-nanjing-china",signatures:"Lili Tang, Shengjie Niu, Mingliang Yan, Xuwen Li, Xiangzhi Zhang, Yuan Zhu, Honglei Shen, Minjun Xu and Lei Tang",authors:[{id:"27514",title:"Prof.",name:"Lili",middleName:null,surname:"Tang",fullName:"Lili Tang",slug:"lili-tang"},{id:"39418",title:"Prof.",name:"Shengjie",middleName:null,surname:"Niu",fullName:"Shengjie Niu",slug:"shengjie-niu"},{id:"39419",title:"BSc.",name:"Yuan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhu",fullName:"Yuan Zhu",slug:"yuan-zhu"},{id:"39420",title:"BSc.",name:"Honglei",middleName:null,surname:"Shen",fullName:"Honglei Shen",slug:"honglei-shen"},{id:"39421",title:"BSc.",name:"Minjun",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",fullName:"Minjun Xu",slug:"minjun-xu"},{id:"39422",title:"Ms.",name:"Lei",middleName:null,surname:"Tang",fullName:"Lei Tang",slug:"lei-tang"},{id:"82885",title:"Prof.",name:"Mingliang",middleName:null,surname:"Yan",fullName:"Mingliang Yan",slug:"mingliang-yan"},{id:"82887",title:"Prof.",name:"Xuwen",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Xuwen Li",slug:"xuwen-li"},{id:"82888",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiangzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Xiangzhi Zhang",slug:"xiangzhi-zhang"}]},{id:"17374",title:"Air Pollution Monitoring Using Fuzzy Logic in Industries",slug:"air-pollution-monitoring-using-fuzzy-logic-in-industries",signatures:"Seyed Ebrahim Vahdat and Foroogh Mofid Nakhaee",authors:[{id:"26764",title:"Mr.",name:"Seyed Ebrahim",middleName:null,surname:"Vahdat",fullName:"Seyed Ebrahim Vahdat",slug:"seyed-ebrahim-vahdat"},{id:"87452",title:"Dr.",name:"Foroogh",middleName:null,surname:"Mofid Nakhaee",fullName:"Foroogh Mofid Nakhaee",slug:"foroogh-mofid-nakhaee"}]},{id:"17375",title:"Indoor Nitrogen Oxides",slug:"indoor-nitrogen-oxides",signatures:"Silvia Vilčekova",authors:[{id:"26399",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Vilčeková",fullName:"Silvia Vilčeková",slug:"silvia-vilcekova"}]},{id:"17376",title:"Particularities of Formation and Transport of Arid Aerosol in Central Asia",slug:"particularities-of-formation-and-transport-of-arid-aerosol-in-central-asia",signatures:"Galina Zhamsueva, Alexander Zayakhanov, Vadim Tsydypov, Alexander Ayurzhanaev, Ayuna Dementeva, Dugerjav Oyunchimeg and Dolgorsuren Azzaya",authors:[{id:"26899",title:"Dr.",name:"Galina",middleName:null,surname:"Zhamsueva",fullName:"Galina Zhamsueva",slug:"galina-zhamsueva"},{id:"38640",title:"Ms",name:"Dugerjav",middleName:null,surname:"Oyunchimeg",fullName:"Dugerjav Oyunchimeg",slug:"dugerjav-oyunchimeg"},{id:"38641",title:"Dr.",name:"Dolgorsuren",middleName:null,surname:"Azzaya",fullName:"Dolgorsuren Azzaya",slug:"dolgorsuren-azzaya"},{id:"38653",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Zayakhanov",fullName:"Alexander Zayakhanov",slug:"alexander-zayakhanov"},{id:"38657",title:"Dr.",name:"Vadim",middleName:null,surname:"Tsydypov",fullName:"Vadim Tsydypov",slug:"vadim-tsydypov"},{id:"38658",title:"Mr",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Ayurzhanaev",fullName:"Alexander Ayurzhanaev",slug:"alexander-ayurzhanaev"},{id:"38663",title:"Ms",name:"Ayuna",middleName:null,surname:"Dementeva",fullName:"Ayuna Dementeva",slug:"ayuna-dementeva"}]},{id:"17377",title:"Assessment of Areal Average Air Quality Level over Irregular Areas: a Case Study of PM10 Exposure Estimation in Taipei (Taiwan)",slug:"assessment-of-areal-average-air-quality-level-over-irregular-areas-a-case-study-of-pm10-exposure-est",signatures:"Hwa-Lung Yu, Shang-Chen Ku, Chiang-Hsing Yang, Tsun-Jen Cheng and Likwang Chen",authors:[{id:"28910",title:"Dr",name:"Hwa-Lung",middleName:null,surname:"Yu",fullName:"Hwa-Lung Yu",slug:"hwa-lung-yu"},{id:"34351",title:"Dr.",name:"Chiang-Hsing",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",fullName:"Chiang-Hsing Yang",slug:"chiang-hsing-yang"},{id:"85527",title:"Mr.",name:"Shang-Chen",middleName:null,surname:"Ku",fullName:"Shang-Chen Ku",slug:"shang-chen-ku"},{id:"85530",title:"Dr.",name:"Tsun-Jen",middleName:null,surname:"Cheng",fullName:"Tsun-Jen Cheng",slug:"tsun-jen-cheng"},{id:"85531",title:"Dr.",name:"Likwang",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Likwang Chen",slug:"likwang-chen"}]},{id:"17378",title:"Evaluation of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate as an Indoor Air Pollutant and Biological Assessment of Hexamethylene Diamine in the Polyurethane Factories",slug:"evaluation-of-hexamethylene-diisocyanate-as-an-indoor-air-pollutant-and-biological-assessment-of-hex",signatures:"Seyedtaghi Mirmohammadi, M. Hakimi. Ibrahim and G. N. Saraji",authors:[{id:"25120",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahamad Hakimi",middleName:null,surname:"Ibrahim",fullName:"Mahamad Hakimi Ibrahim",slug:"mahamad-hakimi-ibrahim"},{id:"29718",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyedtaghi",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmohammadi",fullName:"Seyedtaghi Mirmohammadi",slug:"seyedtaghi-mirmohammadi"},{id:"62287",title:"Prof.",name:"J. Nasl",middleName:null,surname:"Saraji",fullName:"J. Nasl Saraji",slug:"j.-nasl-saraji"}]},{id:"17379",title:"Assessment on the Ozone Air Pollution in a Medium Metropolitan Area: Seville (Spain)",slug:"assessment-on-the-ozone-air-pollution-in-a-medium-metropolitan-area-seville-spain-",signatures:"Jose A. Adame, Antonio Lozano, Juan Contreras and Benito A. de la Morena",authors:[{id:"10700",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Lozano",fullName:"Antonio Lozano",slug:"antonio-lozano"},{id:"31233",title:"Dr",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Adame",fullName:"Jose Adame",slug:"jose-adame"},{id:"40344",title:"Mr.",name:"Juan",middleName:null,surname:"Contreras",fullName:"Juan Contreras",slug:"juan-contreras"},{id:"40345",title:"Dr.",name:"Benito",middleName:null,surname:"De la Morena",fullName:"Benito De la Morena",slug:"benito-de-la-morena"}]},{id:"17380",title:"Investigation on the Carbon Monoxide Pollution over Peninsular Malaysia Caused by Indonesia Forest Fires from AIRS Daily Measurement",slug:"investigation-on-the-carbon-monoxide-pollution-over-peninsular-malaysia-caused-by-indonesia-forest-f",signatures:"Jasim M. Rajab, K. C. Tan, H. S. Lim and M. Z. MatJafri",authors:[{id:"3910",title:"Dr.",name:"Hwee-San",middleName:null,surname:"Lim",fullName:"Hwee-San Lim",slug:"hwee-san-lim"},{id:"11195",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohd Zubir",middleName:null,surname:"Mat Jafri",fullName:"Mohd Zubir Mat Jafri",slug:"mohd-zubir-mat-jafri"},{id:"15488",title:"Dr.",name:"Kok Chooi",middleName:null,surname:"Tan",fullName:"Kok Chooi Tan",slug:"kok-chooi-tan"},{id:"41376",title:"Mr.",name:"Jasim",middleName:null,surname:"M. Rajab",fullName:"Jasim M. Rajab",slug:"jasim-m.-rajab"}]},{id:"17381",title:"Air Quality Plans for the Northern Region of Portugal: Improving Particulate Matter and Coping with Legislation",slug:"air-quality-plans-for-the-northern-region-of-portugal-improving-particulate-matter-and-coping-with-l",signatures:"C. Borrego, A.Carvalho, E. Sá, S. Sousa, D. Coelho, M. Lopes, A. Monteiro and A.I Miranda",authors:[{id:"11089",title:"Ms",name:"Anabela",middleName:null,surname:"Carvalho",fullName:"Anabela Carvalho",slug:"anabela-carvalho"},{id:"32747",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Borrego",fullName:"Carlos Borrego",slug:"carlos-borrego"},{id:"40014",title:"MSc.",name:"Maria Elisa",middleName:null,surname:"Sá",fullName:"Maria Elisa Sá",slug:"maria-elisa-sa"},{id:"40015",title:"MSc.",name:"Sofia",middleName:null,surname:"Sousa",fullName:"Sofia Sousa",slug:"sofia-sousa"},{id:"40016",title:"MSc.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Coelho",fullName:"Daniel Coelho",slug:"daniel-coelho"},{id:"40017",title:"Prof.",name:"Myriam",middleName:null,surname:"Lopes",fullName:"Myriam Lopes",slug:"myriam-lopes"},{id:"40018",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexandra",middleName:null,surname:"Monteiro",fullName:"Alexandra Monteiro",slug:"alexandra-monteiro"},{id:"40019",title:"Prof.",name:"Ana Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Miranda",fullName:"Ana Isabel Miranda",slug:"ana-isabel-miranda"}]},{id:"17382",title:"Changeability of Air Pollution in Katowice Region (Central Europe, Southern Poland)",slug:"changeability-of-air-pollution-in-katowice-region-central-europe-southern-poland-",signatures:"Mieczysław Leśniok",authors:[{id:"45862",title:"Dr.",name:"Leśniok",middleName:null,surname:"Mieczysław",fullName:"Leśniok Mieczysław",slug:"lesniok-mieczyslaw"}]},{id:"17383",title:"Catalytic Converters and PAH Pollution in Urban Areas",slug:"catalytic-converters-and-pah-pollution-in-urban-areas",signatures:"Federico Valerio, Anna Stella, Mauro Pala, Daniele Balducci, Maria Teresa Piccardo and Massimo Cipolla",authors:[{id:"32793",title:"Dr.",name:"Federico",middleName:null,surname:"Valerio",fullName:"Federico Valerio",slug:"federico-valerio"}]},{id:"17384",title:"Imprecise Uncertainty Modelling of Air Pollutant PM10",slug:"imprecise-uncertainty-modelling-of-air-pollutant-pm10",signatures:"Danni Guo, Renkuan Guo, Christien Thiart and Yanhong Cui",authors:[{id:"29391",title:"Dr.",name:"Danni",middleName:null,surname:"Guo",fullName:"Danni Guo",slug:"danni-guo"},{id:"41785",title:"Prof.",name:"Renkuan",middleName:null,surname:"Guo",fullName:"Renkuan Guo",slug:"renkuan-guo"},{id:"41826",title:"Prof.",name:"Christien",middleName:null,surname:"Thiart",fullName:"Christien Thiart",slug:"christien-thiart"},{id:"84247",title:"Mr.",name:"Yanhong",middleName:null,surname:"Cui",fullName:"Yanhong Cui",slug:"yanhong-cui"}]},{id:"17385",title:"Modeling the Dynamics of Air Pollutants: Trans-Boundary Impacts in the Mexicali-Imperial Valley Border Region",slug:"modeling-the-dynamics-of-air-pollutants-trans-boundary-impacts-in-the-mexicali-imperial-valley-borde",signatures:"Alberto Mendoza, Santosh Chandru, Yongtao Hu, Ana Y. Vanoye and Armistead G. Russell",authors:[{id:"26054",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mendoza",fullName:"Alberto Mendoza",slug:"alberto-mendoza"},{id:"36442",title:"MSc.",name:"Santosh",middleName:null,surname:"Chandru",fullName:"Santosh Chandru",slug:"santosh-chandru"},{id:"36443",title:"Dr.",name:"Yongtao",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",fullName:"Yongtao Hu",slug:"yongtao-hu"},{id:"36444",title:"MSc.",name:"Ana",middleName:"Yael",surname:"Vanoye",fullName:"Ana Vanoye",slug:"ana-vanoye"},{id:"36445",title:"Dr.",name:"Armistead",middleName:null,surname:"Russell",fullName:"Armistead Russell",slug:"armistead-russell"}]},{id:"17386",title:"Uncertainty in Integrated Modelling of Air Quality",slug:"uncertainty-in-integrated-modelling-of-air-quality",signatures:"Piotr Holnicki",authors:[{id:"40665",title:"Prof.",name:"Piotr",middleName:null,surname:"Holnicki",fullName:"Piotr Holnicki",slug:"piotr-holnicki"}]},{id:"17387",title:"Evaluation of Regional Emission Control Based in Photochemical Air Quality Modelling",slug:"evaluation-of-regional-emission-control-based-in-photochemical-air-quality-modelling",signatures:"Ángel Rodríguez,1Santiago Saavedra, María Dios, Carmen Torres, José A. Souto, Juan Casares, Belén Soto and José L. Bermúdez",authors:[{id:"28616",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Souto",fullName:"Jose Souto",slug:"jose-souto"},{id:"41491",title:"MSc.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez",fullName:"Angel Rodriguez",slug:"angel-rodriguez"},{id:"41492",title:"Dr.",name:"Santiago",middleName:null,surname:"Saavedra",fullName:"Santiago Saavedra",slug:"santiago-saavedra"},{id:"41493",title:"MSc",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Dios",fullName:"Maria Dios",slug:"maria-dios"},{id:"41494",title:"MSc.",name:"Carmen",middleName:null,surname:"Torres",fullName:"Carmen Torres",slug:"carmen-torres"},{id:"41495",title:"Prof.",name:"Juan",middleName:null,surname:"Casares",fullName:"Juan Casares",slug:"juan-casares"},{id:"41496",title:"MSc.",name:"Belen",middleName:null,surname:"Soto",fullName:"Belen Soto",slug:"belen-soto"},{id:"41497",title:"MSc.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Bermudez",fullName:"Jose Bermudez",slug:"jose-bermudez"}]},{id:"17388",title:"Development of GIS-aided Emission Inventory of Air Pollutants for an Urban Environment",slug:"development-of-gis-aided-emission-inventory-of-air-pollutants-for-an-urban-environment",signatures:"Sailesh N. Behera, Mukesh Sharma, Onkar Dikshit and S.P. Shukla",authors:[{id:"26958",title:"Prof.",name:"Mukesh",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",fullName:"Mukesh Sharma",slug:"mukesh-sharma"},{id:"41422",title:"Mr",name:"Sailesh",middleName:"N.",surname:"Behera",fullName:"Sailesh Behera",slug:"sailesh-behera"},{id:"41424",title:"Prof.",name:"Onkar",middleName:null,surname:"Dikshit",fullName:"Onkar Dikshit",slug:"onkar-dikshit"},{id:"99206",title:"Dr.",name:"S.P.",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",fullName:"S.P. Shukla",slug:"s.p.-shukla"}]},{id:"17389",title:"Air Pollution, Modeling and GIS based Decision Support Systems for Air Quality Risk Assessment",slug:"air-pollution-modeling-and-gis-based-decision-support-systems-for-air-quality-risk-assessment",signatures:"Anjaneyulu Yerramilli, Venkata Bhaskar Rao Dodla and Sudha Yerramilli",authors:[{id:"46041",title:"Dr.",name:"Yerramillia",middleName:null,surname:"Anjaneyulu",fullName:"Yerramillia Anjaneyulu",slug:"yerramillia-anjaneyulu"}]},{id:"17400",title:"Contribution of Geostatistics to the Study of Risks Related to Air Pollution",slug:"contribution-of-geostatistics-to-the-study-of-risks-related-to-air-pollution",signatures:"Jacques Deraisme, Michel Bobbia and Chantal de Fouquet",authors:[{id:"36969",title:"Dr.",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Deraisme",fullName:"Deraisme",slug:"deraisme"},{id:"37080",title:"Mr",name:"Michel",middleName:null,surname:"Bobbia",fullName:"Michel Bobbia",slug:"michel-bobbia"},{id:"37081",title:"Mrs.",name:"Chantal",middleName:null,surname:"de Fouquet",fullName:"Chantal de Fouquet",slug:"chantal-de-fouquet"}]},{id:"17390",title:"Spatial Interpolation Methodologies in Urban Air Pollution Modeling: Application for the Greater Area of Metropolitan Athens, Greece",slug:"spatial-interpolation-methodologies-in-urban-air-pollution-modeling-application-for-the-greater-area",signatures:"Despina Deligiorgi and Kostas Philippopoulos",authors:[{id:"29291",title:"Prof.",name:"Despina",middleName:null,surname:"Deligiorgi",fullName:"Despina Deligiorgi",slug:"despina-deligiorgi"},{id:"38634",title:"MSc.",name:"Kostas",middleName:null,surname:"Philippopoulos",fullName:"Kostas Philippopoulos",slug:"kostas-philippopoulos"}]},{id:"17391",title:"The Electrical Conductivity as an Index of Air Pollution in the Atmosphere",slug:"the-electrical-conductivity-as-an-index-of-air-pollution-in-the-atmosphere",signatures:"Nagaraja Kamsali, B.S.N. Prasad and Jayati Datta",authors:[{id:"27465",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamsali",middleName:null,surname:"Nagaraja",fullName:"Kamsali Nagaraja",slug:"kamsali-nagaraja"},{id:"41601",title:"Dr.",name:"BSN",middleName:null,surname:"Prasad",fullName:"BSN Prasad",slug:"bsn-prasad"},{id:"41602",title:"Dr.",name:"Jayati",middleName:null,surname:"Datta",fullName:"Jayati Datta",slug:"jayati-datta"}]},{id:"17392",title:"Quick and Economic Spatial Assessment of Urban Air Quality",slug:"quick-and-economic-spatial-assessment-of-urban-air-quality",signatures:"Panayotis C. Yannopoulos",authors:[{id:"47696",title:"Prof.",name:"Panayotis",middleName:null,surname:"Yannopoulos",fullName:"Panayotis Yannopoulos",slug:"panayotis-yannopoulos"}]},{id:"17393",title:"New Approaches for Urban and Regional Air Pollution Modelling and Management",slug:"new-approaches-for-urban-and-regional-air-pollution-modelling-and-management",signatures:"Salvador Enrique Puliafito, David Allende, Rafael Fernández, Fernando Castro and Pablo Cremades",authors:[{id:"25984",title:"Prof.",name:"Salvador",middleName:"Enrique",surname:"Puliafito",fullName:"Salvador Puliafito",slug:"salvador-puliafito"},{id:"35281",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:"Gabriel",surname:"Allende",fullName:"David Allende",slug:"david-allende"},{id:"35282",title:"MSc.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Castro",fullName:"Fernando Castro",slug:"fernando-castro"},{id:"35283",title:"Prof.",name:"Rafael",middleName:"Pedro",surname:"Fernandez",fullName:"Rafael Fernandez",slug:"rafael-fernandez"},{id:"35284",title:"Mr.",name:"Pablo",middleName:null,surname:"Cremades",fullName:"Pablo Cremades",slug:"pablo-cremades"}]},{id:"17394",title:"A New Air Quality Index for Cities",slug:"a-new-air-quality-index-for-cities",signatures:"Lígia T. Silva and José F. G. Mendes",authors:[{id:"26075",title:"Prof.",name:"Ligia",middleName:null,surname:"Torres Silva",fullName:"Ligia Torres Silva",slug:"ligia-torres-silva"},{id:"42205",title:"Prof.",name:"José",middleName:null,surname:"F. G. Mendes",fullName:"José F. G. Mendes",slug:"jose-f.-g.-mendes"}]},{id:"17395",title:"An Analytical Application for the Determination of Metals in PM10",slug:"an-analytical-application-for-the-determination-of-metals-in-pm10",signatures:"Tony Byrd, Mary Stack and Ambrose Furey",authors:[{id:"42636",title:"Dr.",name:"Ambrose",middleName:null,surname:"Furey",fullName:"Ambrose Furey",slug:"ambrose-furey"}]},{id:"17396",title:"Artificial Neural Networks - a Useful Tool in Air Pollution and Meteorological Modelling",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-a-useful-tool-in-air-pollution-and-meteorological-modelling",signatures:"Primož Mlakar and Marija Zlata Božnar",authors:[{id:"40485",title:"Dr.",name:"Primož",middleName:null,surname:"Mlakar",fullName:"Primož Mlakar",slug:"primoz-mlakar"},{id:"40486",title:"Dr.",name:"Marija Zlata",middleName:null,surname:"Božnar",fullName:"Marija Zlata Božnar",slug:"marija-zlata-boznar"}]},{id:"17397",title:"Indoor Air Control by Microplasma",slug:"indoor-air-control-by-microplasma",signatures:"Kazuo Shimizu",authors:[{id:"26245",title:"Prof.",name:"Kazuo",middleName:null,surname:"Shimizu",fullName:"Kazuo Shimizu",slug:"kazuo-shimizu"}]},{id:"17398",title:"Method for Validation of Lagrangian Particle Air Pollution Dispersion Model Based on Experimental Field Data Set from Complex Terrain",slug:"method-for-validation-of-lagrangian-particle-air-pollution-dispersion-model-based-on-experimental-fi",signatures:"Boštjan Grašič, Primož Mlakar and Marija Zlata Božnar",authors:[{id:"40485",title:"Dr.",name:"Primož",middleName:null,surname:"Mlakar",fullName:"Primož Mlakar",slug:"primoz-mlakar"},{id:"40486",title:"Dr.",name:"Marija Zlata",middleName:null,surname:"Božnar",fullName:"Marija Zlata Božnar",slug:"marija-zlata-boznar"},{id:"27856",title:"Dr.",name:"Boštjan",middleName:null,surname:"Grašič",fullName:"Boštjan Grašič",slug:"bostjan-grasic"}]},{id:"17399",title:"Air Quality and Bioclimatic Conditions within the Greater Athens Area, Greece - Development and Applications of Artificial Neural Networks",slug:"air-quality-and-bioclimatic-conditions-within-the-greater-athens-area-greece-development-and-applica",signatures:"Panagiotis Nastos, Konstantinos Moustris, Ioanna Larissi and Athanasios Paliatsos",authors:[{id:"32823",title:"Prof.",name:"Panagiotis",middleName:"T",surname:"Nastos",fullName:"Panagiotis Nastos",slug:"panagiotis-nastos"},{id:"40633",title:"Prof.",name:"Konstantinos",middleName:null,surname:"Moustris",fullName:"Konstantinos Moustris",slug:"konstantinos-moustris"},{id:"40634",title:"Prof.",name:"Ioanna",middleName:null,surname:"Larissi",fullName:"Ioanna Larissi",slug:"ioanna-larissi"},{id:"40635",title:"Prof.",name:"Athanasios",middleName:null,surname:"Paliatsos",fullName:"Athanasios Paliatsos",slug:"athanasios-paliatsos"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"3565",title:"International Conference on Applied Life Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"520e26233efe4585512166ed304fd965",slug:"international-conference-on-applied-life-sciences",bookSignature:"Farhad Nejadkoorki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3565.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"71481",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Farhad",surname:"Nejadkoorki",slug:"farhad-nejadkoorki",fullName:"Farhad Nejadkoorki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"2",chapterContentType:"conference paper",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8783",title:"Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management and Resource Efficiency",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"12fe51f3000d5a45846a2498e628c32e",slug:"sustainable-sewage-sludge-management-and-resource-efficiency",bookSignature:"Başak Kiliç Taşeli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8783.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"302014",title:"Prof.",name:"Başak",surname:"Kılıç Taşeli",slug:"basak-kilic-taseli",fullName:"Başak Kılıç Taşeli"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8834",title:"Managing Wildlife in a Changing World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a27827009edc70af81e12c10aa3e51dd",slug:"managing-wildlife-in-a-changing-world",bookSignature:"Jafari R. Kideghesho",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8834.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"280695",title:"Prof.",name:"Jafari R.",surname:"Kideghesho",slug:"jafari-r.-kideghesho",fullName:"Jafari R. Kideghesho"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10765",title:"Environmental Management",subtitle:"Pollution, Habitat, Ecology, and Sustainability",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e5ba02fedd7c87f0ab66414f3b07de0c",slug:"environmental-management-pollution-habitat-ecology-and-sustainability",bookSignature:"John P. Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10765.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"80342",title:"Interfacial Behavior of Saponin Based Surfactant for Potential Application in Cleaning",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102560",slug:"interfacial-behavior-of-saponin-based-surfactant-for-potential-application-in-cleaning",body:'Amphiphilic molecules contain hydrophilic and hydrophobic units that improve interfacial properties. This characteristic of surfactant makes it suitable for the fields of detergent, wetting, emulsification, oil recovery, froth flotation and other fields [1, 2, 3]. A large number of non-natural surfactants are used in industrial and domestic work which are spread over underwater, soil, sediment, etc. Studies have shown that more than 60% of surfactant derivatives are released into the aquatic environment. Global surfactant production was approximately 12.5 million tons in 2006 [4], while production in Western Europe that is more than 3 million tons in 2007 [5]. After that year of 2010, the use of non-ionic surfactants (polyethoxylated nonylphenol) in the United States was approximately 172,000 tons [6]. These synthetic surfactants can disturb the environment and cause health risks such as respiratory tract, dermatitis, eye irritation, etc. [7, 8].
Ostroumov expressed how non-biodegradable cleaning product can reduce the cleaning capacity of oysters and mussels. Reduce the Water purifying capacity of bacteria like
Due to technological advancement methods for the mass production of surfactants are emerging, which have led to serious environmental problems [10]. Today’s demand, surfactants should be biodegradable and have minimal toxicity to be surface active. Therefore, researchers are looking for environment-friendly surfactants, it may be a natural surfactant. Natural materials are gained from natural sources, such as plant, bacterial or fungal, animal fats. Various methods are needed, for extract and using them. The fatty acid esters or amides of these sugars can be used as substitutes for synthetic surfactants, as described by Salati et al. Humic acid extraction using biomass as a surfactant has been reported [11].
Saponins are well known plant-based surfactants. Natural surfactants have biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity, so they are less harmful to the environment [12]. These products can be manufactured with high production with cost effect which could be used in environmental control actions such as processing industrial emulsions, controlling oil pollution, detoxifying industrial wastewater, and bioremediation of contaminated soil [13].
Here we report that tea saponin is considered as a natural surfactant. A recent movement in the industry to rejecting used of synthetic products which inspiration for people to look for natural-based new materials. By these inspirations, we examined tea to estimate its physiochemical property such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), Foaming, viscosity behavior, emulsification, mildness pH, and conductivity. For comparison, we also examined the marketed product (ionic surfactants) just because they are commercially availability. We can reduce environmental issues just by replacing them with natural surfactant.
Tea saponin powder was purchased from King diamond (65% approx.). Surf excel (Hindustan Unilever Limited), as a marketed surfactant, Soya bean oil (refined, batch number (AF) SB06C04), Coconut oil (Lot No. KB003), Paraffin wax (candles from the market) were used. Hexane was obtained from Loba Chemie. Milli-Q water of surface tension 71.6 ± 0.1 mN/m was used. Bleached cotton cloth Sort No. 22425003 from Akash Textiles, Ahmedabad.
Surface tension of the individual surfactant was determined by a force tensiometer (
The Ross Miles method was utilized to study the foaming behavior of surfactant. To study the foaming behavior 250 mL surfactant solution was prepared. Primary step to perform foam analysis was to wash the column with deionized water followed by rinsing of the column using surfactant solutions under examination. Afterwards, from 250 mL prepared surfactant solution gradually 50 mL of surfactant solution poured into the column and was stored at the bottom part of column. The remaining 200 mL surfactant solution was taken into the pipette and pipette containing surfactant solution positioned at top of the column. Then, faucet of pipette opened and at fixed flowrate surfactant solution run off into the column. As soon as the surfactant solution from pipette completely transfer to column, start the stop watch and note the initial foam height (termed as foamability) and after 5 min note foam height again (termed as foam stability).
pH and conductivity were measured by Laqua pH 1100 (Horiba) at room temperature. The pH and conductivity electrode was calibrated with the help of standard solutions previously measurements.
Vibration viscometer (SV-10 series, A & D Company, Limited) was employed for viscosity measurement of samples. The working principle of instrument to determine viscosity followed constant parameters like frequency 30 Hz and amplitude <1 mm, at these fixed parameters the required current to resonate sensor plates used to detect viscosity.
This measurement carried out by the Kothekar method [14]. Initially 10 mL of sample solution and 10 mL of refined oil was taken into a graduated cylinder followed by shaking of this mixed solution. Now for this emulsion time required to separate 5 mL of sample solution was determined and denoted as emulsion persistence.
To determine the cleaning efficiency the Sharma method [15] was considered, which involved four steps. Firstly 5 × 5 cm sized cotton cloth was soaked in water for 12 h, dried and weighed. In second step simulate dirt was prepared by maxing 0.5 g coconut oil and 0.5 g paraffin in 50 mL of hexane. Now, in third step the dry cotton cloth was two times dipped into the simulated oil, dried and weighed. Lastly the cloth was treated with surfactant by soaking it for 10 min followed by washing, drying and weighing. To determine cleaning efficiency different surfactant concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 0.1% were utilized at room temperature.
The protein (zein) solubilization potential of surfactant was quantified by the gravimetric analysis. The 1.0% by weight surfactant solutions were prepared in vials and approximately 2.0% by weight zein powder added to the solution. Now these mixtures of surfactant-zein protein were continuously stirred for 24 h. After 24 h continuous stirring the solutions were filtered using Whatmann filter paper to collect insoluble zein from solution. Lastly the collected insoluble solid zein was desiccated at 80°C for 24 h and weighed. Using the insoluble zein powder weight the solubilized zein% has been calculated.
The lipid (steric acid) solubilization potential of surfactant was quantified by the gravimetric analysis. The 1.0% by weight surfactant solutions were prepared in vials and approximately 2.0% by weight stearic acid powder added to the solution. Now these mixtures of surfactant-stearic acid were continuously stirred for 24 h. The surfactant-stearic acid mixture was then filtered using Whatman filter paper. Finally, the collected solid was dried at 60° C for 24 h. The weight percentage of the solubility of the lipid in the surfactant was calculated from the weight of the insoluble stearic acid after drying for 24 h.
Microstructure of gas bubbles was measured through an Olympus STM7CB Digital microscope. The foam was generated by using the handshaking method.
The surface tension creates an imbalance in the intermolecular force in an interface between liquid, vapor or liquid and solid. Figure 1 shows that the reduction in surface tension due to surfactant concentration increment and after certain concentration surface tension value was constant as this concentration is called the critical concentration of micelles (CMC). The reduction in surface tension is due to the break of hydrogen bonds aqueous, the reason was increased adsorption of monomer at the air-water interface [1]. The surface tension reduction value between 32 and 37 mN/m consider as the material has good detergency and surface activity [16]. Therefore, tea has a decent washing ability.
Plot of equilibrium surface tension versus total surfactant concentration at a temperature of 27 ± 0.5°C.
The properties of surfactants, such as detergents, solubilizers, etc., depending on their structure. The reduction in surface tension caused by natural surfactants is almost close [17] to the surface tension obtained by measuring surface tension (Table 1). The ionic surfactants tend to have relatively greater CMC value as of nonionic surfactant (as observed for surf), such behavior of ionic surfactants may be attribute to the repulsion between neighboring analogous head group charge. The tea saponin reveal greater capability to reduce surface tension as compared to surf may be due to absence of elementary electrostatic interaction in tea saponin and this also resembles faster micelle formation in water.
Surf excel (surf) | 0.07 | 31.5 | 40.5 |
Tea saponin (tea) | 0.04 | 31.4 | 40.6 |
Surface properties of surfactants.
The effectiveness of surfactant (
The dynamic surface tension of surfactants solutions was studied by the pendant drop method. Figure 2 displays the dependencies of dynamic surface tension for micellar solutions of natural and synthetic as functions of the effective lifetime [18]. The concentrations of surfactant are 0.005 wt% (below CMC). From the result shows that the natural surfactant leads to faster the surface tension changes because the Natural surfactant having no kind of change repulsive force at a head group like surf.
Plot of surface tension as a function of time at a temperature of 27 ± 0.5°C.
Foaming behavior and cleaning action is not much interrelated, but foam behavior is a significant condition in cleansing agent assessment by the consumers. Foam creation and durability are imperative in numerous applications [19, 20, 21]. Foam ability is the amount of foam creation due to the constant formation of new interfaces. Higher power of foaming requires faster adsorption, high surface elasticity. The foam results obtain by Ross Miles test are shown in Figure 3 at a concentration range from 0.02 to 0.10 wt% for both surfactant sample. Foam generation by pouring method and the amount of foam formation was considered as Foam ability and after 5 min foam height measures that are termed as foam stability. The tea solution produces dense, high-quality foam, which may be due to the presence of high amounts of saponin. The existence of saponin group contributes to significantly reduce the dynamic surface tension as well as supports to produce the large surface for foam formation [13]. Foam formation upsurges with increased surfactant concentration as greater number of monomers could custom in film to enhanced foam stability.
Plot of foam height as a function of surfactant concentration in Milli-Q water at a temperature of 27 ± 0.5°C.
We have also observed under the microscope to get an insight into the bubble size and foam structures as depicted in Figure 4. The foam engendered by surf solution speckled to contain more liquid portion with larger bubble size, while the foam generated using tea solution contained less liquid portion with smaller bubble size. These experimental results lead to better understanding of foam formed using natural surfactant and it indicates that such natural surfactants could deliberately consider as foaming agent for various applications. The foaming behavior studied by utilizing the Ross Miles method [22] and similar results were observed for foam generated by hand shake method as indicated in a picture (Figure 4) at 0.1 wt% concentration for both tea saponin and surf.
Optical microscopy images of the foam generated from (a) surf (b) tea respectively at 27°C. Inset shows the photo of the foam for the corresponding surfactants.
Micellization affects the viscosity of a solution, depending on the size and number of particles in the solution. Figure 5a shows that the viscosity gradually increases with increasing concentration. The absence of charge repulsion in between the head groups of surfactant monomers may lead to induce viscosity with increased concentration of tea. The hydrophilic part of surfactant monomers surrounded by water assists to a rise in viscous resistance. The viscosity progress may escalate rapidly above CMC due to micelle shape transition at higher concentration. The increase in viscosity far exceeds CMC, which is due to more interactions among micelles, the interactions among micelles are starting to get closer and reduce the critical packing parameters [23].
Plot of (a) viscosity and (b) conductivity as a function of surfactant concentration at a temperature of 27 ± 0.5°C.
Detergent mostly made by ionic surfactants which are ionized in an aqueous condition so it will show conductance from low to high depends on concentration. The change in conductivity at lower concentrations almost constant further increases at higher concentrations for natural surfactant Figure 5b. At lower surfactant concentration, the headgroups of surfactant were encircled by water consequently results to lower conductivity. The conductivity upsurges with the increasing concentration of surfactant due to ionization of surfactant molecules [24]. The conductivity also associates with mildness, which demonstrates inversely proportional correlation [25]. The experimental outcome indicates that the conductivity increase at higher concentration for tea ensues to be more as compared to surf.
In surfactant science research investigation of pH is an indispensable study. The pH of a surfactant solution relies on the overall charge of the headgroup, which consequently changes the repulsion between headgroups [7]. The pH values for both tea and surf solutions for range of concentration 0.02–0.10 wt% in Milli Q water were observed to be 6.7 ± 0.2. The pH values of the surfactant solution at various concentrations are shown in Table 2. Tea with an acidic pH, possibly due to the hydrolysis of nonionic glucuronic groups. This pH of the solution near the skin (~5.5) causes less damage to the hair and skin. The surf shows alkaline in nature. The pH of the tea solution decreases with concentration, while that of surf increases.
0.02 | 10.2 | 5.3 |
0.04 | 10.3 | 5.2 |
0.06 | 10.5 | 5.5 |
0.08 | 10.8 | 5.9 |
0.10 | 11.2 | 6.1 |
The values of pH at different concentrations of surfactants solutions.
The emulsion is a fine dispersion of one liquid into another stabilized by emulsifier such as protein, surfactant, polymers etc. The surfactants can be solubilized non-polar substances into polar due to its amphiphilic nature, e.g. Surfactant monomers adsorb between the water-oil interface and reduce its interfacial tension. Due to this reduction in interfacial tension less energy is required to form new interfaces that are essential to the preparation of a stable emulsion. In these studies, we make simple oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion, which showed the emulsifying power of the surfactant’s solution Figure 6. Emulsion stability increases with concentration increases, natural surfactant formed more stable (almost 30 min) emulsions at high concentration. The results of surface tension show that the stability of the emulsion decreases in the area of micelle formation, possibly because less surfactant is adsorbed at the oil-water interface. Tea has the best emulsion stability, followed by the surf. Stable emulsions occur when the adsorbed surfactant makes repulsive interactions among the drops and generates an energy barrier against breakage.
Plot of emulsification as a function of surfactant concentration at a temperature of 27 ± 0.5°C.
Cleansing activity means, the removal of unwanted substances such as soil, grease and dirt, is the main target of any detergent. The cleaning activity was calculated by the below equation
where W1 = initial weight of cloth, W2 = weight of the cloth with simulated dirt and W3 = weight after cleaning with surfactant solution and water. As shown in Figure 7 The cleaning ability of the tea showed better at lower concentrations. The cleaning ability increases with concentration increases for natural surfactant. Although all surfactants have similar trends in cleaning performance, there is a significant difference in the amount of soil removed. The tea demonstrations decent cleaning efficacy at high concentration as compared to the surf, probably due to tea revealed greater efficiency to reduce surface tension.
Plot of cleaning ability as a function of surfactant concentration at a temperature of 27 ± 0.5°C.
In the skin structure first part is known as epidermis and the outer most layer of epidermis is stratum corneum (SC), this layer provides an important barrier function for skin. Surfactant can amend the function of SC by interacting with proteins and lipids of SC. These interactions lead to swelling and denaturation, however the comprehensive mechanism involved for such interaction has not been reported yet. But, predisposition of surfactant to interact with proteins could relate with its impact on human skin, generically termed as mildness to human skin [26]. To comprehend impact of tea saponin and surf on skin, the solubilization potential of protein and lipid were determined using 1.0 wt% surfactant solution by dissolving model protein zein and model lipid stearic acid represented in Figure 8. The dissolution tendency of natural surfactants, zein and stearic acid is small compared to surf. This indicates that natural surfactants are milder than synthetic.
Plot of protein and lipid dissolution by surfactants (1.0 wt%) at a temperature of 27 ± 0.5°C.
Herbal saponins, tea, were studied to find alternatives to synthetic surfactants that are commonly used and were make comparison with marketed available surfactant (Surf Excel). The outcomes demonstrated that saponins are naturally acidic and decomposable. Natural materials are considered to be biodegradable as plant extracts. The tea, which was probably examined by the first time, shows good effectiveness, in addition to high foaming capacity, decent cleaning capacity and ultra-soft. Although lots of works account on isolation, characterization, etc. Tea has good emulsifiers and can find some industrial uses. We also quantified the cleaning capacity of surfactant solutions. Therefore, our studies can offer a simple and inexpensive method to measure the general cleaning method for the evaluation of detergents. We conclude that tea comes with good surface-active properties. These studies can offer useful information for the food industry as well as the cosmetics industry reason was that these plant-based materials were biodegradable organic surfactant. We propose new biodegradable and renewable alternative from plant-based material which act as a surfactant.
IntechOpen books and journals are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter/article level.
",metaTitle:"Access policy",metaDescription:"IntechOpen books are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter level",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:null,contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"All IntechOpen published chapters and articles are available OPEN ACCESS and can be read without the requirement for registration of any kind, immediately upon publication, without any barrier.
\\n\\nThe HTML version, as well as the PDF version of publications dated before 2012 that are accessible through a reader, are available to readers with no restriction.
\\n\\nThe full content of chapters and articles can be read, copied and printed from the link location of the chapter/article and these actions are not limited or restricted in any way.
\\n\\nRegistration is requested only to download the PDF of the chapter/article. There are no subscription fees and there is no charge to user groups.
\\n\\nIntechOpen chapters and articles are distributed under CC BY 3.0 licences allowing users to “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship...” and there is no non-commercial restriction.
\\n\\nAuthors may post published works to any repository or website with no delay, and Authors and Editors of IntechOpen books have direct access to the PDF of the full book.
\\n\\nAll published content can be crawled for indexing. Full text and metadata may be accessed with instructions publicly posted.
\\n\\nAll IntechOpen books and Journal articles are indexed in CLOCKSS and preservation of access to published content is clearly indicated.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2022-04-14
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"All IntechOpen published chapters and articles are available OPEN ACCESS and can be read without the requirement for registration of any kind, immediately upon publication, without any barrier.
\n\nThe HTML version, as well as the PDF version of publications dated before 2012 that are accessible through a reader, are available to readers with no restriction.
\n\nThe full content of chapters and articles can be read, copied and printed from the link location of the chapter/article and these actions are not limited or restricted in any way.
\n\nRegistration is requested only to download the PDF of the chapter/article. There are no subscription fees and there is no charge to user groups.
\n\nIntechOpen chapters and articles are distributed under CC BY 3.0 licences allowing users to “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship...” and there is no non-commercial restriction.
\n\nAuthors may post published works to any repository or website with no delay, and Authors and Editors of IntechOpen books have direct access to the PDF of the full book.
\n\nAll published content can be crawled for indexing. Full text and metadata may be accessed with instructions publicly posted.
\n\nAll IntechOpen books and Journal articles are indexed in CLOCKSS and preservation of access to published content is clearly indicated.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2022-04-14
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rheinmetall (Germany)",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:8616},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:7693},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:3005},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:15646},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1284},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:22554}],offset:12,limit:12,total:134466},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{topicId:"19"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11680",title:"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - New Insights and Recent Progress",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"65dc94eb0a8dd733522f67d95b2c2d48",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Afsheen Raza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11680.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"339296",title:"Dr.",name:"Afsheen",surname:"Raza",slug:"afsheen-raza",fullName:"Afsheen Raza"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11688",title:"Advances in Drug Delivery Methods",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b237999737fb375b4f629ab01a498a9f",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Bhupendra Gopalbhai Prajapati",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11688.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"340226",title:"Prof.",name:"Bhupendra",surname:"Prajapati",slug:"bhupendra-prajapati",fullName:"Bhupendra Prajapati"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11690",title:"COVID-19 Drug Development - Recent Advances, New Perspectives, and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f8092a491f68ca0b63cc6d40936a010a",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Arli Aditya Parikesit",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11690.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",surname:"Parikesit",slug:"arli-aditya-parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11812",title:"New Insights Into Pharmacodynamics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b889e24b3132aa437b6745db36fffe9b",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11812.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"224662",title:"Prof.",name:"Mahmoud Ahmed",surname:"Mansour",slug:"mahmoud-ahmed-mansour",fullName:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11813",title:"RNA Therapeutics - History, Design, Manufacturing, and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"fbffd7b2f97a65ffb0901de38a65bed0",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Irina Vlasova-St. Louis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11813.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"211159",title:"Prof.",name:"Irina",surname:"Vlasova-St. Louis",slug:"irina-vlasova-st.-louis",fullName:"Irina Vlasova-St. Louis"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12205",title:"Photodynamic Therapy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8099dd8f660b401e5ecfa85ce3f0df81",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12205.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12206",title:"Antibiotic Resistance - New Insights",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"708d9c997d91bdbe75c55cb5d9f7b526",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ghulam Mustafa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12206.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"298756",title:"Dr.",name:"Ghulam",surname:"Mustafa",slug:"ghulam-mustafa",fullName:"Ghulam Mustafa"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12207",title:"Statins",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"245ddb277df310de302579b803b715b8",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12207.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12208",title:"Metformin - A Prospective Alternative for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"aa4b8aac3f44ba3ab334530c5d5646ea",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Farid A. Badria",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12208.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12209",title:"Vitamin B Complex",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"56e8be78a5a1aed62dbc6e8f3c1371f8",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Juber Akhtar, Dr. Mohammad Ahmad, Dr. Mohammad Irfan Khan and Dr. Badruddeen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12209.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"345595",title:"Prof.",name:"Juber",surname:"Akhtar",slug:"juber-akhtar",fullName:"Juber Akhtar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12212",title:"Hypoxia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c7561177210ce5982b54d46a48666012",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12212.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12315",title:"Cosmetic Products and Industry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4730ab11e05d70d04ea88d87983a5cef",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12315.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:36},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:22},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:23},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:61},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:23},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:108},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:3}],offset:12,limit:12,total:16},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:"mooc-massive-open-online-courses-",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10195",title:"Serotonin and the CNS",subtitle:"New Developments in Pharmacology and Therapeutics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ed9d96da98233a885bd2869a8056c36",slug:"serotonin-and-the-cns-new-developments-in-pharmacology-and-therapeutics",bookSignature:"Berend Olivier",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10195.jpg",editors:[{id:"71579",title:"Prof.",name:"Berend",middleName:null,surname:"Olivier",slug:"berend-olivier",fullName:"Berend Olivier"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10755",title:"Corporate Governance",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ffe06d1d5c4bf0fc2e63511825fe1257",slug:"corporate-governance-recent-advances-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali and Feyza Bhatti",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10755.jpg",editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",middleName:null,surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10901",title:"Grapes and Wine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5d7f2aa74874444bc6986e613ccebd7c",slug:"grapes-and-wine",bookSignature:"Antonio Morata, Iris Loira and Carmen González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10901.jpg",editors:[{id:"180952",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Morata",slug:"antonio-morata",fullName:"Antonio Morata"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11080",title:"Engineering Principles",subtitle:"Welding and Residual Stresses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6c07a13a113bce94174b40096f30fb5e",slug:"engineering-principles-welding-and-residual-stresses",bookSignature:"Kavian Omar Cooke and Ronaldo Câmara Cozza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11080.jpg",editors:[{id:"138778",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavian",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Cooke",slug:"kavian-cooke",fullName:"Kavian Cooke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11029",title:"Hepatitis B",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"609701f502efc3538c112ff47a2c2119",slug:"hepatitis-b",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11029.jpg",editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9537",title:"Human Rights in the Contemporary World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"54f05b93812fd434f3962956d6413a6b",slug:"human-rights-in-the-contemporary-world",bookSignature:"Trudy Corrigan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9537.jpg",editors:[{id:"197557",title:"Dr.",name:"Trudy",middleName:null,surname:"Corrigan",slug:"trudy-corrigan",fullName:"Trudy Corrigan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11371",title:"Cerebral Circulation",subtitle:"Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e2d3335445d2852d0b906bb9750e939f",slug:"cerebral-circulation-updates-on-models-diagnostics-and-treatments-of-related-diseases",bookSignature:"Alba Scerrati, Luca Ricciardi and Flavia Dones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11371.jpg",editors:[{id:"182614",title:"Dr.",name:"Alba",middleName:null,surname:"Scerrati",slug:"alba-scerrati",fullName:"Alba Scerrati"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11012",title:"Radiopharmaceuticals",subtitle:"Current Research for Better Diagnosis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f9046d6f96148b285e776f384991120d",slug:"radiopharmaceuticals-current-research-for-better-diagnosis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11012.jpg",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4438},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:"mooc-massive-open-online-courses-",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1677,editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10195",title:"Serotonin and the CNS",subtitle:"New Developments in Pharmacology and Therapeutics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ed9d96da98233a885bd2869a8056c36",slug:"serotonin-and-the-cns-new-developments-in-pharmacology-and-therapeutics",bookSignature:"Berend Olivier",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10195.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1337,editors:[{id:"71579",title:"Prof.",name:"Berend",middleName:null,surname:"Olivier",slug:"berend-olivier",fullName:"Berend Olivier"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10755",title:"Corporate Governance",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ffe06d1d5c4bf0fc2e63511825fe1257",slug:"corporate-governance-recent-advances-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali and Feyza Bhatti",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10755.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1309,editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",middleName:null,surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:847,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10901",title:"Grapes and Wine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5d7f2aa74874444bc6986e613ccebd7c",slug:"grapes-and-wine",bookSignature:"Antonio Morata, Iris Loira and Carmen González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10901.jpg",publishedDate:"June 15th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2273,editors:[{id:"180952",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Morata",slug:"antonio-morata",fullName:"Antonio Morata"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11080",title:"Engineering Principles",subtitle:"Welding and Residual Stresses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6c07a13a113bce94174b40096f30fb5e",slug:"engineering-principles-welding-and-residual-stresses",bookSignature:"Kavian Omar Cooke and Ronaldo Câmara Cozza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11080.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:591,editors:[{id:"138778",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavian",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Cooke",slug:"kavian-cooke",fullName:"Kavian Cooke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:515,editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11029",title:"Hepatitis B",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"609701f502efc3538c112ff47a2c2119",slug:"hepatitis-b",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11029.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:413,editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9537",title:"Human Rights in the Contemporary World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"54f05b93812fd434f3962956d6413a6b",slug:"human-rights-in-the-contemporary-world",bookSignature:"Trudy Corrigan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9537.jpg",publishedDate:"June 8th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2194,editors:[{id:"197557",title:"Dr.",name:"Trudy",middleName:null,surname:"Corrigan",slug:"trudy-corrigan",fullName:"Trudy Corrigan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11371",title:"Cerebral Circulation",subtitle:"Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e2d3335445d2852d0b906bb9750e939f",slug:"cerebral-circulation-updates-on-models-diagnostics-and-treatments-of-related-diseases",bookSignature:"Alba Scerrati, Luca Ricciardi and Flavia Dones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11371.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:341,editors:[{id:"182614",title:"Dr.",name:"Alba",middleName:null,surname:"Scerrati",slug:"alba-scerrati",fullName:"Alba Scerrati"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"11042",title:"Complementary Therapies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9eb32ccbef95289a133a76e5808a525b",slug:"complementary-therapies",bookSignature:"Mario Bernardo-Filho, Redha Taiar, Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo and Adérito Seixas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11042.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"157376",title:"Prof.",name:"Mario",middleName:null,surname:"Bernardo-Filho",slug:"mario-bernardo-filho",fullName:"Mario Bernardo-Filho"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10037",title:"Thermoelectricity",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ad1d3f637564a29cf1636759f5401994",slug:"thermoelectricity-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Guangzhao Qin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10037.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"188870",title:"Mr.",name:"Guangzhao",middleName:null,surname:"Qin",slug:"guangzhao-qin",fullName:"Guangzhao Qin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11357",title:"Sustainable Crop Production",subtitle:"Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ee41e09e4ad6a336ca9f0e5462da3904",slug:"sustainable-crop-production-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Vijay Singh Meena, Mahipal Choudhary, Ram Prakash Yadav and Sunita Kumari Meena",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11357.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"420235",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"vijay-meena",fullName:"Vijay Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10863",title:"Cardiac Rhythm Management",subtitle:"Pacing, Ablation, Devices",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a064ec49b85ebfc60585c9c3690af53a",slug:"cardiac-rhythm-management-pacing-ablation-devices",bookSignature:"Mart Min and Gabriel Cismaru",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10863.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"62780",title:"Prof.",name:"Mart",middleName:null,surname:"Min",slug:"mart-min",fullName:"Mart Min"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10874",title:"Insights on Antimicrobial Peptides",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"23ca26025e87356a7c2ffac365f73a22",slug:"insights-on-antimicrobial-peptides",bookSignature:"Shymaa Enany, Jorge Masso-Silva and Anna Savitskaya",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10874.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"81926",title:"Dr.",name:"Shymaa",middleName:null,surname:"Enany",slug:"shymaa-enany",fullName:"Shymaa Enany"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11137",title:"Mineralogy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e0e4727c9f1f9b34d788f0dc70278f2b",slug:"mineralogy",bookSignature:"Miloš René",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11137.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"142108",title:"Dr.",name:"Miloš",middleName:null,surname:"René",slug:"milos-rene",fullName:"Miloš René"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10882",title:"Smart Drug Delivery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"70c3ce4256324b3c58db970d446ddac4",slug:"smart-drug-delivery",bookSignature:"Usama Ahmad, Md. Faheem Haider and Juber Akhtar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10882.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"255360",title:"Dr.",name:"Usama",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"usama-ahmad",fullName:"Usama Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10885",title:"Snake Venom and Ecology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cc4503ed9e56a7bcd9f2ca82b0c880a8",slug:"snake-venom-and-ecology",bookSignature:"Mohammad Manjur Shah, Umar Sharif, Tijjani Rufai Buhari and Tijjani Sabiu Imam",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10885.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"94128",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad Manjur",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"mohammad-manjur-shah",fullName:"Mohammad Manjur Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10381",title:"Electrocatalysis and Electrocatalysts for a Cleaner Environment",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9dbafb0b297cf5cbdb220707e022a228",slug:"electrocatalysis-and-electrocatalysts-for-a-cleaner-environment-fundamentals-and-applications",bookSignature:"Lindiwe Eudora Khotseng",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10381.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"236596",title:"Dr.",name:"Lindiwe Eudora",middleName:null,surname:"Khotseng",slug:"lindiwe-eudora-khotseng",fullName:"Lindiwe Eudora Khotseng"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10900",title:"Prunus",subtitle:"Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9261926500acb26c4ae5a29eee78f0db",slug:"prunus-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Ayzin B. Küden and Ali Küden",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10900.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"200365",title:"Prof.",name:"Ayzin B.",middleName:"B.",surname:"Küden",slug:"ayzin-b.-kuden",fullName:"Ayzin B. Küden"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"662",title:"Oceanology",slug:"oceanology",parent:{id:"105",title:"Marine Biology",slug:"earth-and-planetary-sciences-marine-biology"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:63,numberOfWosCitations:84,numberOfCrossrefCitations:45,numberOfDimensionsCitations:89,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"662",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"3517",title:"Topics in Oceanography",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cbe56ad1fcc5e5d113b608b6596a928a",slug:"topics-in-oceanography",bookSignature:"Enrico Zambianchi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3517.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"150979",title:"Prof.",name:"Enrico",middleName:null,surname:"Zambianchi",slug:"enrico-zambianchi",fullName:"Enrico Zambianchi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"867",title:"Oceanography",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c5ef83b6ccaff0d55f0702dd7a3fe20d",slug:"oceanography",bookSignature:"Marco Marcelli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/867.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"41631",title:"Prof.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Marcelli",slug:"marco-marcelli",fullName:"Marco Marcelli"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"45249",doi:"10.5772/56414",title:"Challenges and New Advances in Ocean Color Remote Sensing of Coastal Waters",slug:"challenges-and-new-advances-in-ocean-color-remote-sensing-of-coastal-waters",totalDownloads:3271,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:27,abstract:null,book:{id:"3517",slug:"topics-in-oceanography",title:"Topics in Oceanography",fullTitle:"Topics in Oceanography"},signatures:"Hubert Loisel, Vincent Vantrepotte, Cédric Jamet and Dinh Ngoc\nDat",authors:[{id:"66224",title:"Prof.",name:"Hubert",middleName:null,surname:"Loisel",slug:"hubert-loisel",fullName:"Hubert Loisel"},{id:"99752",title:"Dr.",name:"Cédric",middleName:null,surname:"Jamet",slug:"cedric-jamet",fullName:"Cédric Jamet"},{id:"163462",title:"Dr.",name:"Vincent",middleName:null,surname:"Vantrepotte",slug:"vincent-vantrepotte",fullName:"Vincent Vantrepotte"},{id:"167707",title:"MSc.",name:"Dat",middleName:null,surname:"Dinh Ngoc",slug:"dat-dinh-ngoc",fullName:"Dat Dinh Ngoc"}]},{id:"45198",doi:"10.5772/56105",title:"Stable Isotope Methods for the Study of the Nitrogen Cycle",slug:"stable-isotope-methods-for-the-study-of-the-nitrogen-cycle",totalDownloads:4718,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:18,abstract:null,book:{id:"3517",slug:"topics-in-oceanography",title:"Topics in Oceanography",fullTitle:"Topics in Oceanography"},signatures:"Evgenia Ryabenko",authors:[{id:"163463",title:"Dr.",name:"Evgenia",middleName:null,surname:"Ryabenko",slug:"evgenia-ryabenko",fullName:"Evgenia Ryabenko"}]},{id:"33952",doi:"10.5772/29294",title:"On the Chemical Profile of Marine Organisms from Coastal Subtropical Environments: Gross Composition and Nitrogen-to-Protein Conversion Factors",slug:"on-the-chemical-profile-of-marine-organisms-from-coastal-subtropical-environments-gross-composition-",totalDownloads:2176,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:8,abstract:null,book:{id:"867",slug:"oceanography",title:"Oceanography",fullTitle:"Oceanography"},signatures:"Graciela S. Diniz, Elisabete Barbarino and Sergio O. Lourenço",authors:[{id:"77206",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergio",middleName:"Oliveira",surname:"Lourenço",slug:"sergio-lourenco",fullName:"Sergio Lourenço"},{id:"81956",title:"MSc.",name:"Graciela",middleName:null,surname:"Diniz",slug:"graciela-diniz",fullName:"Graciela Diniz"},{id:"81957",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisabete",middleName:null,surname:"Barbarino",slug:"elisabete-barbarino",fullName:"Elisabete Barbarino"}]},{id:"33940",doi:"10.5772/21062",title:"New Technological Developments for Oceanographic Observations",slug:"new-technological-developments-for-oceanographic-observations",totalDownloads:2700,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:null,book:{id:"867",slug:"oceanography",title:"Oceanography",fullTitle:"Oceanography"},signatures:"Marco Marcelli, Andrea Pannocchi, Viviana Piermattei and Umberto Mainardi",authors:[{id:"41631",title:"Prof.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Marcelli",slug:"marco-marcelli",fullName:"Marco Marcelli"},{id:"50280",title:"Dr.",name:"Viviana",middleName:null,surname:"Piermattei",slug:"viviana-piermattei",fullName:"Viviana Piermattei"},{id:"50303",title:"Mr",name:"Umberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mainardi",slug:"umberto-mainardi",fullName:"Umberto Mainardi"},{id:"123135",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Pannocchi",slug:"andrea-pannocchi",fullName:"Andrea Pannocchi"}]},{id:"33949",doi:"10.5772/27704",title:"Connectivity as a Management Tool for Coastal Ecosystems in Changing Oceans",slug:"connectivity-as-a-tool-to-manage-coastal-ecosystems-in-changing-oceans",totalDownloads:2563,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:null,book:{id:"867",slug:"oceanography",title:"Oceanography",fullTitle:"Oceanography"},signatures:"Nicolas Le Corre, Frédéric Guichard and Ladd E. Johnson",authors:[{id:"71180",title:"Prof.",name:"Frederic",middleName:null,surname:"Guichard",slug:"frederic-guichard",fullName:"Frederic Guichard"},{id:"71181",title:"MSc",name:"Nicolas",middleName:null,surname:"Le Corre",slug:"nicolas-le-corre",fullName:"Nicolas Le Corre"},{id:"71183",title:"Prof.",name:"Ladd",middleName:null,surname:"Johnson",slug:"ladd-johnson",fullName:"Ladd Johnson"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"33941",title:"Application of the Long-Term Delayed Luminescence for Study of Natural Water Environments",slug:"application-of-the-long-term-delayed-luminescence-for-study-of-natural-water-environments",totalDownloads:1979,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"867",slug:"oceanography",title:"Oceanography",fullTitle:"Oceanography"},signatures:"Zdzisław Prokowski and Lilla Mielnik",authors:[{id:"74002",title:"Dr.",name:"Zdzislaw",middleName:null,surname:"Prokowski",slug:"zdzislaw-prokowski",fullName:"Zdzislaw Prokowski"},{id:"120192",title:"Dr.",name:"Lilla",middleName:null,surname:"Mielnik",slug:"lilla-mielnik",fullName:"Lilla Mielnik"}]},{id:"45198",title:"Stable Isotope Methods for the Study of the Nitrogen Cycle",slug:"stable-isotope-methods-for-the-study-of-the-nitrogen-cycle",totalDownloads:4709,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:18,abstract:null,book:{id:"3517",slug:"topics-in-oceanography",title:"Topics in Oceanography",fullTitle:"Topics in Oceanography"},signatures:"Evgenia Ryabenko",authors:[{id:"163463",title:"Dr.",name:"Evgenia",middleName:null,surname:"Ryabenko",slug:"evgenia-ryabenko",fullName:"Evgenia Ryabenko"}]},{id:"33942",title:"An Introduction to FY-3/MERSI, Ocean Colour Algorithm, Product and Application",slug:"an-introduction-to-fy-3-mersi-ocean-colour-algorithm-product-and-application",totalDownloads:2530,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"867",slug:"oceanography",title:"Oceanography",fullTitle:"Oceanography"},signatures:"Sun Ling, Hu Xiuqing, Guo Maohua, Zhu Jianhua, Li Sanmei and Ding Lei",authors:[{id:"71599",title:"Dr.",name:"Ling",middleName:null,surname:"Sun",slug:"ling-sun",fullName:"Ling Sun"},{id:"120273",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiuqing",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",slug:"xiuqing-hu",fullName:"Xiuqing Hu"},{id:"120275",title:"Mr.",name:"Maohua",middleName:null,surname:"Guo",slug:"maohua-guo",fullName:"Maohua Guo"},{id:"120276",title:"Mr.",name:"Jianhua",middleName:null,surname:"Zhu",slug:"jianhua-zhu",fullName:"Jianhua Zhu"},{id:"120277",title:"Prof.",name:"Lei",middleName:null,surname:"Ding",slug:"lei-ding",fullName:"Lei Ding"},{id:"125498",title:"Ms.",name:"Sanmei",middleName:null,surname:"Li",slug:"sanmei-li",fullName:"Sanmei Li"}]},{id:"44709",title:"Novel Tools for the Evaluation of the Health Status of Coral Reefs Ecosystems and for the Prediction of Their Biodiversity in the Face of Climatic Changes",slug:"novel-tools-for-the-evaluation-of-the-health-status-of-coral-reefs-ecosystems-and-for-the-prediction",totalDownloads:2551,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"3517",slug:"topics-in-oceanography",title:"Topics in Oceanography",fullTitle:"Topics in Oceanography"},signatures:"Stéphane La Barre",authors:[{id:"50021",title:"Dr.",name:"Stephane",middleName:"Christian",surname:"La Barre",slug:"stephane-la-barre",fullName:"Stephane La Barre"}]},{id:"33939",title:"Open-Sea Observatories: A New Technology to Bring the Pulse of the Sea to Human Awareness",slug:"open-sea-observatories-a-new-technology-to-take-the-pulse-of-the-sea-with-internet-in-the-ocean",totalDownloads:2622,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"867",slug:"oceanography",title:"Oceanography",fullTitle:"Oceanography"},signatures:"I. Puillat, N. Lanteri, J.F. Drogou, J. Blandin, L. Géli, J. Sarrazin, P.M. Sarradin, Y. Auffret, J.F. Rolin and P. Léon",authors:[{id:"68387",title:"Dr.",name:"Ingrid",middleName:null,surname:"Puillat",slug:"ingrid-puillat",fullName:"Ingrid Puillat"},{id:"76903",title:"Dr.",name:"Yves",middleName:null,surname:"Auffret",slug:"yves-auffret",fullName:"Yves Auffret"},{id:"76904",title:"MSc.",name:"Jérôme",middleName:null,surname:"Blandin",slug:"jerome-blandin",fullName:"Jérôme Blandin"},{id:"79491",title:"MSc.",name:"Jean-François",middleName:null,surname:"Rolin",slug:"jean-francois-rolin",fullName:"Jean-François Rolin"},{id:"79492",title:"Prof.",name:"Louis",middleName:null,surname:"Géli",slug:"louis-geli",fullName:"Louis Géli"},{id:"79493",title:"Prof.",name:"Pierre-Marie",middleName:null,surname:"Sarradin",slug:"pierre-marie-sarradin",fullName:"Pierre-Marie Sarradin"},{id:"79496",title:"MSc.",name:"Nadine",middleName:null,surname:"Lantéri",slug:"nadine-lanteri",fullName:"Nadine Lantéri"},{id:"79497",title:"Mr.",name:"Yannick",middleName:null,surname:"Aoustin",slug:"yannick-aoustin",fullName:"Yannick Aoustin"},{id:"79498",title:"Dr.",name:"Roland",middleName:null,surname:"Person",slug:"roland-person",fullName:"Roland Person"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"662",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:32,numberOfPublishedChapters:320,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:133,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:17,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",issn:"2753-894X",scope:"\r\n\tThis series will provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends in business and management, economics, and marketing. Topics will include asset liability management, financial consequences of the financial crisis and covid-19, financial accounting, mergers and acquisitions, management accounting, SMEs, financial markets, corporate finance and governance, managerial technology and innovation, resource management and sustainable development, social entrepreneurship, corporate responsibility, ethics and accountability, microeconomics, labour economics, macroeconomics, public economics, financial economics, econometrics, direct marketing, creative marketing, internet marketing, market planning and forecasting, brand management, market segmentation and targeting and other topics under business and management. This book series will focus on various aspects of business and management whose in-depth understanding is critical for business and company management to function effectively during this uncertain time of financial crisis, Covid-19 pandemic, and military activity in Europe.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/22.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"June 27th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:1,editor:{id:"356540",title:"Prof.",name:"Taufiq",middleName:null,surname:"Choudhry",slug:"taufiq-choudhry",fullName:"Taufiq Choudhry",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000036X2hvQAC/Profile_Picture_2022-03-14T08:58:03.jpg",biography:"Prof. Choudhry holds a BSc degree in Economics from the University of Iowa, as well as a Masters and Ph.D. in Applied Economics from Clemson University, USA. In January 2006, he became a Professor of Finance at the University of Southampton Business School. He was previously a Professor of Finance at the University of Bradford Management School. He has over 80 articles published in international finance and economics journals. His research interests and specialties include financial econometrics, financial economics, international economics and finance, housing markets, financial markets, among others.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Southampton",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{id:"86",title:"Business and Management",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/86.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"128342",title:"Prof.",name:"Vito",middleName:null,surname:"Bobek",slug:"vito-bobek",fullName:"Vito Bobek",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/128342/images/system/128342.jpg",biography:"Dr. Vito Bobek works as an international management professor at the University of Applied Sciences FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria. He has published more than 400 works in his academic career and visited twenty-two universities worldwide as a visiting professor. Dr. Bobek is a member of the editorial boards of six international journals and a member of the Strategic Council of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. He has a long history in academia, consulting, and entrepreneurship. His own consulting firm, Palemid, has managed twenty significant projects, such as Cooperation Program Interreg V-A (Slovenia-Austria) and Capacity Building for the Serbian Chamber of Enforcement Agents. He has also participated in many international projects in Italy, Germany, Great Britain, the United States, Spain, Turkey, France, Romania, Croatia, Montenegro, Malaysia, and China. Dr. Bobek is also a co-founder of the Academy of Regional Management in Slovenia.",institutionString:"Universities of Applied Sciences FH Joanneum, Austria",institution:null},editorTwo:{id:"293992",title:"Dr.",name:"Tatjana",middleName:null,surname:"Horvat",slug:"tatjana-horvat",fullName:"Tatjana Horvat",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hXb0hQAC/Profile_Picture_1642419002203",biography:"Tatjana Horvat works as a professor for accountant and auditing at the University of Primorska, Slovenia. She is a Certified State Internal Auditor (licensed by Ministry of Finance RS) and Certified Internal Auditor for Business Sector and Certified accountant (licensed by Slovenian Institute of Auditors). At the Ministry of Justice of Slovenia, she is a member of examination boards for court expert candidates and judicial appraisers in the following areas: economy/finance, valuation of companies, banking, and forensic investigation of economic operations/accounting. At the leading business newspaper Finance in Slovenia (Swedish ownership), she is the editor and head of the area for business, finance, tax-related articles, and educational programs.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Primorska",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Slovenia"}}},editorThree:null},{id:"87",title:"Economics",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/87.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"327730",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaime",middleName:null,surname:"Ortiz",slug:"jaime-ortiz",fullName:"Jaime Ortiz",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002zaOKZQA2/Profile_Picture_1642145584421",biography:"Dr. Jaime Ortiz holds degrees from Chile, the Netherlands, and the United States. He has held tenured faculty, distinguished professorship, and executive leadership appointments in several universities around the world. Dr. Ortiz has previously worked for international organizations and non-government entities in economic and business matters, and he has university-wide globalization engagement in more than thirty-six countries. He has advised, among others, the United Nations Development Program, Inter-American Development Bank, Organization of American States, Pre-investment Organization of Latin America and the Caribbean, Technical Cooperation of the Suisse Government, and the World Bank. Dr. Ortiz is the author, co-author, or editor of books, book chapters, textbooks, research monographs and technical reports, and refereed journal articles. He is listed in Who’s Who in the World, Who’s Who in America, Who’s Who in Finance and Business, Who’s Who in Business Higher Education, Who’s Who in American Education, and Who’s Who Directory of Economists. Dr. Ortiz has been a Fulbright Scholar and an MSI Leadership Fellow with the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. His teaching interests revolve around global economies and markets while his research focuses on topics related to development and growth, global business decisions, and the economics of technical innovation.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Houston",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"88",title:"Marketing",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/88.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"203609",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Hanna",middleName:null,surname:"Gorska-Warsewicz",slug:"hanna-gorska-warsewicz",fullName:"Hanna Gorska-Warsewicz",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSD9pQAG/Profile_Picture_2022-06-14T11:58:32.jpeg",biography:"Hanna Górska-Warsewicz, Ph.D. is Associate Professor at Warsaw University of Life Sciences and Head of Department of Food Market and Consumption Research. She specializes in the subject of brands, brand equity, and brand management in production, service, and trade enterprises. She combines this subject with marketing and marketing management in both theoretical and practical aspects. Prof. Hanna Górska-Warsewicz also analyzes brands in the context of trademarks, legal regulations and the protection of intangible. She is an author or co-author of over 200 publications in this field, including 8 books. She works with the business sector and has participated in projects for the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Ministry of Education and Science in Poland.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Warsaw University of Life Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:8,paginationItems:[{id:"82289",title:"Consumer Culture and Abundance of Choices: Having More, Feeling Blue",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105607",signatures:"Ondřej Roubal",slug:"consumer-culture-and-abundance-of-choices-having-more-feeling-blue",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"A New Era of Consumer Behavior - Beyond the Pandemic",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11581.jpg",subseries:{id:"88",title:"Marketing"}}},{id:"82405",title:"Does Board Structure Matter in CSR Spending of Commercial Banks? Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105589",signatures:"Bishnu Kumar Adhikary and Ranjan Kumar Mitra",slug:"does-board-structure-matter-in-csr-spending-of-commercial-banks-empirical-evidence-from-an-emerging-",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82395",title:"Toward a Better Understanding of Green Human Resource Management’s Impact on Green Competitive Advantage: A Conceptual Model",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105528",signatures:"Hosna Hossari and Kaoutar Elfahli",slug:"toward-a-better-understanding-of-green-human-resource-management-s-impact-on-green-competitive-advan",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82269",title:"CSR Reporting and Blockchain Technology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105512",signatures:"Pattarake Sarajoti, Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard, Suwongrat Papangkorn and Piyachart Phiromswad",slug:"csr-reporting-and-blockchain-technology",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"11392",title:"Leadership in a Changing World",subtitle:"A Multidimensional Perspective",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11392.jpg",slug:"leadership-in-a-changing-world-a-multidimensional-perspective",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Bilal Khalid, Md. Samim Al Azad and Slimane Ed-dafali",hash:"86a6d33cf601587e591064ce92effc02",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Leadership in a Changing World - A Multidimensional Perspective",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038UqSfQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-13T10:39:03.jpg",biography:"Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin is an Associate Professor of International Business at Laval University, Canada. He has taught at Thompson Rivers University, Canada; University of Paris-Est, France; Osnabruck University of Applied Science, Germany; and Shanghai Institute of Technology and Tianjin University of Technology, China. He has published research in Research Policy, Applied Economics, Review of Economic Philosophy, Strategic Change, International Journal of Logistics, Sustainability, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Global Information Management, Journal of Cleaner Production, M@N@GEMENT, and more. He is a member of CEDIMES Institut (France), Academy of International Business (AIB), Strategic Management Society (SMS), Academy of Management (AOM), Administrative Science Association of Canada (ASAC), and Canadian council of small business and entrepreneurship (CCSBE). He is currently the director of the Research Group on Contemporary Asia (GERAC) at Laval University. He is also co-managing editor of Transnational Corporations Review and a guest editor for Electronic Commerce Research and Journal of Internet Technology.",institutionString:"Université Laval",institution:{name:"Université Laval",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"11450",title:"Environmental Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on the World",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11450.jpg",hash:"a58c7b02d07903004be70f744f2e1835",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 10th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",surname:"Rashed",slug:"mohamed-nageeb-rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11477",title:"Public Economics - New Perspectives and Uncertainty",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11477.jpg",hash:"a8e6c515dc924146fbd2712eb4e7d118",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 27th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"414400",title:"Dr.",name:"Habtamu",surname:"Alem",slug:"habtamu-alem",fullName:"Habtamu Alem"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11457",title:"Forest Degradation Under Global Change",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11457.jpg",hash:"8df7150b01ae754024c65d1a62f190d9",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"June 1st 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"317087",title:"Dr.",name:"Pavel",surname:"Samec",slug:"pavel-samec",fullName:"Pavel Samec"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11474",title:"Quality of Life Interventions - Magnitude of Effect and Transferability",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11474.jpg",hash:"5a6bcdaf5ee144d043bcdab893ff9e1c",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"July 7th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"245319",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sage",surname:"Arbor",slug:"sage-arbor",fullName:"Sage Arbor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11473",title:"Social Inequality - Structure and Social Processes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11473.jpg",hash:"cefab077e403fd1695fb2946e7914942",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"July 13th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"313341",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Yaroslava",surname:"Robles-Bykbaev",slug:"yaroslava-robles-bykbaev",fullName:"Yaroslava Robles-Bykbaev"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:8,paginationItems:[{id:"82289",title:"Consumer Culture and Abundance of Choices: Having More, Feeling Blue",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105607",signatures:"Ondřej Roubal",slug:"consumer-culture-and-abundance-of-choices-having-more-feeling-blue",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"A New Era of Consumer Behavior - Beyond the Pandemic",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11581.jpg",subseries:{id:"88",title:"Marketing"}}},{id:"82405",title:"Does Board Structure Matter in CSR Spending of Commercial Banks? Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105589",signatures:"Bishnu Kumar Adhikary and Ranjan Kumar Mitra",slug:"does-board-structure-matter-in-csr-spending-of-commercial-banks-empirical-evidence-from-an-emerging-",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82395",title:"Toward a Better Understanding of Green Human Resource Management’s Impact on Green Competitive Advantage: A Conceptual Model",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105528",signatures:"Hosna Hossari and Kaoutar Elfahli",slug:"toward-a-better-understanding-of-green-human-resource-management-s-impact-on-green-competitive-advan",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82269",title:"CSR Reporting and Blockchain Technology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105512",signatures:"Pattarake Sarajoti, Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard, Suwongrat Papangkorn and Piyachart Phiromswad",slug:"csr-reporting-and-blockchain-technology",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82270",title:"From Corporate Social Opportunity to Corporate Social Responsibility",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105445",signatures:"Brian Bolton",slug:"from-corporate-social-opportunity-to-corporate-social-responsibility",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82339",title:"Green Human Resource Management: An Exploratory Study from Moroccan ISO 14001 Certified Companies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105565",signatures:"Hosna Hossari and Kaoutar Elfahli",slug:"green-human-resource-management-an-exploratory-study-from-moroccan-iso-14001-certified-companies",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82194",title:"CSR and Female Directors: A Review and Future Research Agenda",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105112",signatures:"Pattarake Sarajoti, Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard, Suwongrat Papangkorn and Sirimon Treepongkaruna",slug:"csr-and-female-directors-a-review-and-future-research-agenda",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"81831",title:"Deep Network Model and Regression Analysis using OLS Method for Predicting Lung Vital Capacity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104737",signatures:"Harun Sümbül",slug:"deep-network-model-and-regression-analysis-using-ols-method-for-predicting-lung-vital-capacity",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Decision Science - Recent Advances and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11604.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Marketing",value:88,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Business and Management",value:86,count:7,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:8,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"9493",title:"Periodontology",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Clinical Features",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9493.jpg",slug:"periodontology-fundamentals-and-clinical-features",publishedDate:"February 16th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Petra Surlin",hash:"dfe986c764d6c82ae820c2df5843a866",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Periodontology - Fundamentals and Clinical Features",editors:[{id:"171921",title:"Prof.",name:"Petra",middleName:null,surname:"Surlin",slug:"petra-surlin",fullName:"Petra Surlin",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institutionString:"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova",institution:{name:"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9588",title:"Clinical Concepts and Practical Management Techniques in Dentistry",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9588.jpg",slug:"clinical-concepts-and-practical-management-techniques-in-dentistry",publishedDate:"February 9th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Aneesa Moolla",hash:"42deab8d3bcf3edf64d1d9028d42efd1",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Clinical Concepts and Practical Management Techniques in Dentistry",editors:[{id:"318170",title:"Dr.",name:"Aneesa",middleName:null,surname:"Moolla",slug:"aneesa-moolla",fullName:"Aneesa Moolla",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/318170/images/system/318170.png",institutionString:"University of the Witwatersrand",institution:{name:"University of the Witwatersrand",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8202",title:"Periodontal Disease",subtitle:"Diagnostic and Adjunctive Non-surgical Considerations",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8202.jpg",slug:"periodontal-disease-diagnostic-and-adjunctive-non-surgical-considerations",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Nermin Mohammed Ahmed Yussif",hash:"0aee9799da7db2c732be44dd8fed16d8",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Periodontal Disease - Diagnostic and Adjunctive Non-surgical Considerations",editors:[{id:"210472",title:"Dr.",name:"Nermin",middleName:"Mohammed Ahmed",surname:"Yussif",slug:"nermin-yussif",fullName:"Nermin Yussif",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/210472/images/system/210472.jpg",institutionString:"MSA University",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8837",title:"Human Teeth",subtitle:"Key Skills and Clinical Illustrations",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8837.jpg",slug:"human-teeth-key-skills-and-clinical-illustrations",publishedDate:"January 22nd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Zühre Akarslan and Farid Bourzgui",hash:"ac055c5801032970123e0a196c2e1d32",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Human Teeth - Key Skills and Clinical Illustrations",editors:[{id:"171887",title:"Prof.",name:"Zühre",middleName:null,surname:"Akarslan",slug:"zuhre-akarslan",fullName:"Zühre Akarslan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/171887/images/system/171887.jpg",institutionString:"Gazi University",institution:{name:"Gazi University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:{id:"52177",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid",middleName:null,surname:"Bourzgui",slug:"farid-bourzgui",fullName:"Farid Bourzgui",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/52177/images/system/52177.png",biography:"Prof. Farid Bourzgui obtained his DMD and his DNSO option in Orthodontics at the School of Dental Medicine, Casablanca Hassan II University, Morocco, in 1995 and 2000, respectively. Currently, he is a professor of Orthodontics. He holds a Certificate of Advanced Study type A in Technology of Biomaterials used in Dentistry (1995); Certificate of Advanced Study type B in Dento-Facial Orthopaedics (1997) from the Faculty of Dental Surgery, University Denis Diderot-Paris VII, France; Diploma of Advanced Study (DESA) in Biocompatibility of Biomaterials from the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (2002); Certificate of Clinical Occlusodontics from the Faculty of Dentistry of Casablanca (2004); University Diploma of Biostatistics and Perceptual Health Measurement from the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (2011); and a University Diploma of Pedagogy of Odontological Sciences from the Faculty of Dentistry of Casablanca (2013). He is the author of several scientific articles, book chapters, and books.",institutionString:"University of Hassan II Casablanca",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"7",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"University of Hassan II Casablanca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Morocco"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7060",title:"Gingival Disease",subtitle:"A Professional Approach for Treatment and Prevention",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7060.jpg",slug:"gingival-disease-a-professional-approach-for-treatment-and-prevention",publishedDate:"October 23rd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Alaa Eddin Omar Al Ostwani",hash:"b81d39988cba3a3cf746c1616912cf41",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Gingival Disease - A Professional Approach for Treatment and Prevention",editors:[{id:"240870",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Alaa Eddin Omar",middleName:null,surname:"Al Ostwani",slug:"alaa-eddin-omar-al-ostwani",fullName:"Alaa Eddin Omar Al Ostwani",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/240870/images/system/240870.jpeg",institutionString:"International University for Science and Technology.",institution:{name:"Islamic University of Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7572",title:"Trauma in Dentistry",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7572.jpg",slug:"trauma-in-dentistry",publishedDate:"July 3rd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Serdar Gözler",hash:"7cb94732cfb315f8d1e70ebf500eb8a9",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Trauma in Dentistry",editors:[{id:"204606",title:"Dr.",name:"Serdar",middleName:null,surname:"Gözler",slug:"serdar-gozler",fullName:"Serdar Gözler",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/204606/images/system/204606.jpeg",institutionString:"Istanbul Aydin University",institution:{name:"Istanbul Aydın University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7139",title:"Current Approaches in Orthodontics",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7139.jpg",slug:"current-approaches-in-orthodontics",publishedDate:"April 10th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Belma Işık Aslan and Fatma Deniz Uzuner",hash:"2c77384eeb748cf05a898d65b9dcb48a",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Current Approaches in Orthodontics",editors:[{id:"42847",title:"Dr.",name:"Belma",middleName:null,surname:"Işik Aslan",slug:"belma-isik-aslan",fullName:"Belma Işik Aslan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/42847/images/system/42847.jpg",institutionString:"Gazi University Dentistry Faculty Department of Orthodontics",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6668",title:"Dental Caries",subtitle:"Diagnosis, Prevention and Management",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6668.jpg",slug:"dental-caries-diagnosis-prevention-and-management",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Zühre Akarslan",hash:"b0f7667770a391f772726c3013c1b9ba",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Dental Caries - Diagnosis, Prevention and Management",editors:[{id:"171887",title:"Prof.",name:"Zühre",middleName:null,surname:"Akarslan",slug:"zuhre-akarslan",fullName:"Zühre Akarslan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/171887/images/system/171887.jpg",institutionString:"Gazi University",institution:{name:"Gazi University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry",value:2,count:2},{group:"subseries",caption:"Oral Health",value:1,count:6}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:2},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:2},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:33,paginationItems:[{id:"424419",title:"Dr.",name:"Matthew",middleName:"Ayorinde",surname:"Ayorinde Adebayo",slug:"matthew-ayorinde-adebayo",fullName:"Matthew Ayorinde Adebayo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/424419/images/17356_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"354033",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Nasri",slug:"ahmed-nasri",fullName:"Ahmed Nasri",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Carthage",country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},{id:"435702",title:"Dr.",name:"Amel",middleName:null,surname:"Hannachi",slug:"amel-hannachi",fullName:"Amel Hannachi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Carthage",country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},{id:"420857",title:"Prof.",name:"Ezzeddine",middleName:null,surname:"Mahmoudi",slug:"ezzeddine-mahmoudi",fullName:"Ezzeddine Mahmoudi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Carthage",country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},{id:"420856",title:"Prof.",name:"Hamouda",middleName:null,surname:"Beyrem",slug:"hamouda-beyrem",fullName:"Hamouda Beyrem",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Carthage",country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},{id:"435703",title:"Dr.",name:"Hary",middleName:null,surname:"Demey",slug:"hary-demey",fullName:"Hary Demey",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Cartagena",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"425026",title:"Mr.",name:"Kholofelo",middleName:null,surname:"Clifford Malematja",slug:"kholofelo-clifford-malematja",fullName:"Kholofelo Clifford Malematja",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tshwane University of Technology",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"435701",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Allouche",slug:"mohamed-allouche",fullName:"Mohamed Allouche",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Carthage",country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},{id:"420855",title:"Prof.",name:"Patricia",middleName:null,surname:"Aïssa",slug:"patricia-aissa",fullName:"Patricia Aïssa",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Carthage",country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},{id:"435699",title:"Dr.",name:"Takoua",middleName:null,surname:"Mhadhbi",slug:"takoua-mhadhbi",fullName:"Takoua Mhadhbi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Carthage",country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},{id:"442300",title:"Prof.",name:"Véronique",middleName:null,surname:"Perrier",slug:"veronique-perrier",fullName:"Véronique Perrier",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Montpellier",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"445179",title:"Mr.",name:"Aman",middleName:null,surname:"Jaiswal",slug:"aman-jaiswal",fullName:"Aman Jaiswal",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"445178",title:"Mr.",name:"Dhiraj",middleName:null,surname:"Dutta",slug:"dhiraj-dutta",fullName:"Dhiraj Dutta",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Defence Research Laboratory",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"445180",title:"Dr.",name:"Rama",middleName:null,surname:"Dubey",slug:"rama-dubey",fullName:"Rama Dubey",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Defence Research Laboratory",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"424992",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Helal",slug:"mohamed-helal",fullName:"Mohamed Helal",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"428329",title:"Mr.",name:"Collet",middleName:null,surname:"Maswanganyi",slug:"collet-maswanganyi",fullName:"Collet Maswanganyi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Limpopo",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"428546",title:"MSc.",name:"Ndivhuwo",middleName:null,surname:"Shumbula",slug:"ndivhuwo-shumbula",fullName:"Ndivhuwo Shumbula",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of the Witwatersrand",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"352155",title:"Dr.",name:"Poslet",middleName:"Morgan",surname:"Shumbula",slug:"poslet-shumbula",fullName:"Poslet Shumbula",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Limpopo",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"435064",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammadtaghi",middleName:null,surname:"Vakili",slug:"mohammadtaghi-vakili",fullName:"Mohammadtaghi Vakili",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Yangtze Normal University",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"437268",title:"Dr.",name:"Linda Lunga",middleName:null,surname:"Sibali",slug:"linda-lunga-sibali",fullName:"Linda Lunga Sibali",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"437269",title:"Dr.",name:"Peter P.",middleName:null,surname:"Ndibewu",slug:"peter-p.-ndibewu",fullName:"Peter P. Ndibewu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"424106",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Siyabonga",middleName:null,surname:"Aubrey Mhlongo",slug:"siyabonga-aubrey-mhlongo",fullName:"Siyabonga Aubrey Mhlongo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"424233",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Ifeoluwa Oluwafunmilayo",middleName:null,surname:"Daramola",slug:"ifeoluwa-oluwafunmilayo-daramola",fullName:"Ifeoluwa Oluwafunmilayo Daramola",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"446429",title:"Dr.",name:"Dev Vrat",middleName:null,surname:"Kamboj",slug:"dev-vrat-kamboj",fullName:"Dev Vrat Kamboj",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"425585",title:"Dr.",name:"NISHA",middleName:null,surname:"GAUR",slug:"nisha-gaur",fullName:"NISHA GAUR",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"226635",title:"Prof.",name:"Amany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Sikaily",slug:"amany-el-sikaily",fullName:"Amany El-Sikaily",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"435668",title:"Dr.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Ghanem",slug:"sara-ghanem",fullName:"Sara Ghanem",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"426808",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Yesim",middleName:null,surname:"Gucbilmez",slug:"yesim-gucbilmez",fullName:"Yesim Gucbilmez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"423291",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Giovanni",middleName:null,surname:"Cagnetta",slug:"giovanni-cagnetta",fullName:"Giovanni Cagnetta",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"9",type:"subseries",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11405,editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",slug:"luis-villarreal-gomez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",biography:"Dr. Luis Villarreal is a research professor from the Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México. Dr. Villarreal is the editor in chief and founder of the Revista de Ciencias Tecnológicas (RECIT) (https://recit.uabc.mx/) and is a member of several editorial and reviewer boards for numerous international journals. He has published more than thirty international papers and reviewed more than ninety-two manuscripts. His research interests include biomaterials, nanomaterials, bioengineering, biosensors, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",issn:"2631-5343"},editorialBoard:[{id:"35539",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Cristea",slug:"cecilia-cristea",fullName:"Cecilia Cristea",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYQ65QAG/Profile_Picture_1621007741527",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"40735",title:"Dr.",name:"Gil",middleName:"Alberto Batista",surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"gil-goncalves",fullName:"Gil Gonçalves",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYRLGQA4/Profile_Picture_1628492612759",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"211725",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Johann F.",middleName:null,surname:"Osma",slug:"johann-f.-osma",fullName:"Johann F. Osma",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDv7QAG/Profile_Picture_1626602531691",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad de Los Andes",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Colombia"}}},{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",middleName:null,surname:"Valarmathi",slug:"mani-t.-valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/69697/images/system/69697.jpg",institutionString:"Religen Inc. | A Life Science Company, United States of America",institution:null},{id:"205081",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:"Vinícius",surname:"Chaud",slug:"marco-chaud",fullName:"Marco Chaud",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDGeQAO/Profile_Picture_1622624307737",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade de Sorocaba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{id:"81321",title:"Velocity Planning via Model-Based Reinforcement Learning: Demonstrating Results on PILCO for One-Dimensional Linear Motion with Bounded Acceleration",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103690",signatures:"Hsuan-Cheng Liao, Han-Jung Chou and Jing-Sin Liu",slug:"velocity-planning-via-model-based-reinforcement-learning-demonstrating-results-on-pilco-for-one-dime",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Applied Intelligence - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11418.jpg",subseries:{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7437",title:"Nanomedicines",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7437.jpg",slug:"nanomedicines",publishedDate:"February 13th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh",hash:"0e1f5f6258f074c533976c4f4d248568",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Nanomedicines",editors:[{id:"63182",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad Akhyar",middleName:null,surname:"Farrukh",slug:"muhammad-akhyar-farrukh",fullName:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63182/images/system/63182.png",institutionString:"Forman Christian College",institution:{name:"Forman Christian College",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:32,numberOfPublishedChapters:320,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:133,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:17,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:null},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/39927",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"39927"},fullPath:"/chapters/39927",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()