\r\n\t- BMD measurement technology
\r\n\t- Osteoporosis and fracture risk
\r\n\t- Bone growth and remodeling
\r\n\t
\r\n\tThe submission is also open to any other original study related to these research topics.
Climate change is dangerously close to spiraling out of control [1, 2]. The probability of this critical phenomenon attributed to human factors is over 90% and requires urgent management of our operations [3]. Buildings are the major contributors to the climate crisis, producing about 40% of annual global CO2 emissions [4]. Additionally, building operations are responsible for 28% of these total annual emissions, while building materials and construction (often referred to as embedded carbon) are responsible for an additional 11% annually [5].
In this sense, wood as a renewable material is unquestionably ecological and environmentally friendly in terms of low carbon emissions during processing and carbon sequestration: one cubic meter of growing wood can bind about one ton of CO2 from the atmosphere. If the dry mass of wood is 500 kg, about half of this mass is carbon, namely 250 kg. Thus, timber, which is at the forefront of addressing European climate policy, is considered one of our best allies in resolving climate change, especially due to its environmentally friendly features [6, 7].
Moreover, thanks to its numerous technological benefits such as dimensional stability, uniform strength, ecological properties such as low carbon emission, engineered wood products (e.g., cross-laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber) (Figure 1) are increasingly becoming a viable solution in high-rise structures [8, 9, 10, 11] as in the cases of the 26 m and 8-story Carbon 12 (Portland, 2018) (Figure 2) [12] and the 85 m and 18-story Mjøstårnet (Brumunddal, 2019) (Figure 3) [13].
Engineered wood products: (a) cross-laminated timber; (b) laminated veneer lumber (sources: Wikipedia—
Carbon 12 (Portland, 2018) (source: Wikipedia—
Mjøstårnet (Brumunddal, 2019) (source: Wikipedia–
With the standardization of the building industry, adhesives and metal fasteners are often used in engineered wood products (EWPs), replacing traditional wood-to-wood assemblies [14]. It is worth noting here that engineered wood products (EWPs), also called mass timber, composite wood, artificial wood, or fabricated wood, include a range of derivative wood products manufactured by bonding or fastening strips, particles, fibers or wood veneers or boards of wood with adhesives or other fixing methods to generate composite material. Adhesives play a critical role in EWPs, especially by protecting the wood, making the structure light and robust, preventing shrinkage and expansion caused by natural humidity [15, 16], while metal fasteners ensure the overall integrity of the wooden structure [17, 18]. However, adhesives can cause problems in the sustainability and environmental friendliness of EWPs due to toxic gas emissions [19, 20], and similarly, metal fasteners can negatively affect the reusability and recyclability of EWPs [21, 22]. Therefore, there is still room for a solution consisting of solid and completely pure wood, dovetail wood board elements (DWBEs) [23]. Numerous studies have been conducted in the literature on the technological, ecological, and economic aspects of EWPs in construction with different building solutions [24] such as [25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30], and there is limited understating of DWBEs, which mostly includes structural analysis of connection details (e.g., [31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39]). Here, the dovetail wood board elements (DWBEs) can be defined as solid/massive and pure wood structural elements such as floor slabs that use plug-in dovetail form in the joint detail and do not use adhesives and metal connections. More importantly, no studies have been conducted to assess the technical performance of DWBEs in multistory construction [40]. This chapter focuses on DWBEs—based on one of the oldest joining methods (Figure 4)—as sustainable material alternatives for ecological engineering solutions by suggesting various geometric configurations for flooring of multistory building construction through architectural modeling programs.
Dovetail joint as one of the oldest joining techniques in furniture design: (a) a through dovetail joint; (b) a sliding dovetail joint (sources: Wikipedia—
It is worth mentioning here that ecological engineering combines contemporary environmental engineering practices with ecological principles to achieve ecologically oriented goals [41, 42, 43, 44]. Today, ecological engineering has become an essential tool, with the use of sustainable materials such as wood to tackle challenges resulting from the climate crisis. Given that buildings account for around 40% of annual global CO2 emissions, the construction of wooden (multistory) buildings, especially with dovetail wooden elements as more environmentally friendly pure wood material, will contribute significantly to the fight against climate change in terms of ecological engineering approach.
It is believed that this chapter will contribute to the creation of higher value-added circular economy opportunities to support European climate policy as part of bio-economy and sustainable development through the dissemination of DWBEs for diverse and innovative structural applications in the construction sector as an ecological engineering-based solution.
In this chapter, wood or timber refers to engineered wood products (EWPs), e.g., cross-laminated timber (CLT—a prefabricated multi-layer EWP, manufactured from at least three layers of boards by gluing their surfaces together with an adhesive under pressure), laminated veneer lumber (LVL—made by bonding together thin vertical softwood veneers with their grain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the section, under heat and pressure), and glue-laminated timber (Glulam—made by gluing together several graded timber laminations with their grain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the section). Moreover, in this research, “multistory building” and “tall building” are defined as a building with over two-story and eight-story, respectively.
This study was conducted through an extensive literature survey mainly including international peer-reviewed journals and similar research projects. Furthermore, this chapter was carried out with architectural modeling methods used in the solution of research and design problems in architectural activities. This method enables architects to think, write, discuss, and disseminate as a bridge from theory to practice [45]. It is widely utilized in architectural design research, where it is used by architects as a tool for research methodology [46, 47].
In addition, currently, there is no single approach to creating the object and subject of architectural activity, which inevitably leads to significant differences in research methods and architectural design of objects, especially at such important levels of solving this problem [48]. On the other hand, the precise operation of text and project interaction in architectural design research remains a highly debated and relatively unformed topic [49, 50, 51, 52].
Hence, main business applications such as AutoCAD, SketchUp, parametric modeling and information modeling methodology of buildings, and complex object modeling methods used in modern architectural design applications (e.g., [53, 54]) were utilized in this study. Here, creative proposals are realized through a mix of drawings and models as visual representations to encourage a fresh and lively approach to architectural research.
Figure 5 shows the phases of the preliminary design used as a research method in this study and the next phases of the project.
The phases of the preliminary design used as a research method in this study and project’s next phases (in italics).
DWBE’s innovation is based on a new way of combining the understanding of the properties and potential of wood, traditional woodworking skills, mechanical capability to mill large wood boards efficiently and precisely, digital machining control, and digital design. Thus, the architect, structural designer, and production unit can work on the same file, and the result is the same as desired. The number of layers can be varied, and the width and thickness of the wood can also vary according to need, and the hardness of the board is completely formed without adhesives, nails, staples, or other materials, with no size limitation unlike traditional EWPs such as CLT and LVL.
According to current construction practices of conventional EWPs and critical discussions with various industry professionals as the first step in design, geometrically original and technically sound 2D and 3D horizontal (e.g., floor slab) frame models are presented below.
For comparison with the CLT of equivalent dimensions, the optimal test size of the dovetail wood board will usually be taken as about 200 mm thick (three-layer), 2500 mm wide, and 5000 mm long. Additionally, in the light of the abovementioned practical knowledge and discussions, the design, which was initially considered as five-layer, has been revised to three-layer to minimize the amount of waste products. Moreover, considering structural tests and other performance tests such as fire safety and sound insulation, it is predicted that the dimensions of building components may change, especially after structural analysis.
As can be seen in Figure 6, the “solid type” can be used as dovetail wood elements as an alternative to the floor slab, inspired by conventional dovetail connection, one of the oldest joining methods used in ancient temples and churches.
Dovetail wood elements as floor slab alternative-1 (solid type): (a) isometric view; (b) front view; (c) side view; (d) with representative dimensions; (e) detail.
Figure 7 highlights “key type” with a similar structural mechanism with key laminated timber beams. However, since in the current literature, there are few studies (e.g., [55, 56]) on key-laminated beams that show similarities to our key type proposal in Figure 6, advantages and disadvantages of our key type can be revealed as a result of structural analyses and subsequent technical performance tests in the laboratory.
Dovetail wood elements as floor slab alternative-2 (key type): (a) isometric view; (b) front view; (c) side view; (d) with representative dimensions; (e) detail.
As shown in Figures 8 and 9, hollow type is a viable alternative due to its many advantages including reducing the dead load, improving the weight-to-strength ratio, ease of plumbing or electrical work, thus saving construction cost as in the cases of hollow concrete slab [57, 58] and hollow-core cross-laminated timber [59, 60].
Dovetail wood elements as floor slab alternative-3 (hollow type): (a) isometric view with dimensions; (b) front view; (c) side view; (d) with representative dimensions.
Dovetail wood elements as floor slab alternatives-4 (hollow type-2).
After the geometric configuration design phase, structural analyses will be made, and it is planned to proceed to the prototype manufacturing phase. In this phase, softwood from gymnosperm trees such as pines and spruces will be used, taking into consideration its advantages such as workability, sustainability, and cost.
Here, first, the solid type shown in Figure 6 will be manufactured and technical performance tests will be carried out compared with equivalent CLT elements as mentioned above. In this sense, as a result of the first technical evaluations made with wood construction experts and structural designers, it is predicted that the structural performance tests, which represent the most critical phase of the comparison study to be conducted, will yield positive results considering DWBE’s solid structure and joint details as seen in Figure 6. On the other hand, considering the future performance tests to be carried out as mentioned above, it is anticipated that as shown in Figures 8 and 9, hollow types’ weight-strength advantage will make a great contribution to their structural performance, and the porous structure will make a big difference in their sound insulation performance.
Since there are no patented adhesive and nonmetallic dovetail wood panel solutions in the timber market [40], it has not been possible to carry out a comprehensive discussion on the similarities and differences of our proposals with other solutions. This study aimed to present various geometric configurations for dovetail wooden horizontal structural members in multistory building construction as ecologically sound engineering solutions through architectural modeling programs as the first step to developing DWBEs. The results are at the architectural design stage based on a theoretical approach taking into account current construction practices, but developed products will be finalized through market research after the technical performance tests (e.g., structural, fire, sound insulation, and airtightness tests) and necessary optimization processes. Therefore, currently, though DWBEs uptake for commercial applications is very limited, due to new studies such as DoMWoB project (
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No [101024593].
This project has also received funding (60 000 EUR) from the Marjatta and Eino Kolli Foundation for funding the technical performance tests including fire safety, structural, moisture transfer resistance and air-tightness, and sound insulation.
The authors thank Dr. Ozlem Nur Aslantamer (Atılım University) for her great contribution to both initial design ideas and drawings.
IntechOpen implements a robust policy to minimize and deal with instances of fraud or misconduct. As part of our general commitment to transparency and openness, and in order to maintain high scientific standards, we have a well-defined editorial policy regarding Retractions and Corrections.
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\\n\\nIntechOpen wishes to emphasize that the final decision on whether a Retraction, Statement of Concern, or a Correction will be issued rests with the Academic Editor. The publisher is obliged to act upon any reports of scientific misconduct in its publications and to make a reasonable effort to facilitate any subsequent investigation of such claims.
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Gonçalves",authors:[{id:"192955",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra Regina",middleName:null,surname:"Pombeiro-Sponchiado",slug:"sandra-regina-pombeiro-sponchiado",fullName:"Sandra Regina Pombeiro-Sponchiado"},{id:"193067",title:"MSc.",name:"Gabriela Santana",middleName:null,surname:"Sousa",slug:"gabriela-santana-sousa",fullName:"Gabriela Santana Sousa"},{id:"200660",title:"Dr.",name:"Rita Cassia Ribeiro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"rita-cassia-ribeiro-goncalves",fullName:"Rita Cassia Ribeiro Gonçalves"},{id:"200661",title:"MSc.",name:"Jazmina Carolina Reyes",middleName:null,surname:"Andrade",slug:"jazmina-carolina-reyes-andrade",fullName:"Jazmina Carolina Reyes Andrade"},{id:"200663",title:"Dr.",name:"Helen Cristina Favero",middleName:null,surname:"Lisboa",slug:"helen-cristina-favero-lisboa",fullName:"Helen Cristina Favero Lisboa"}]},{id:"59050",title:"Ontogenetic and Phylogenetic Approaches for Studying the Mechanisms of Cognitive Dysfunctions",slug:"ontogenetic-and-phylogenetic-approaches-for-studying-the-mechanisms-of-cognitive-dysfunctions",totalDownloads:1238,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"This chapter summarizes the phylogenetic and ontogenetic approaches for studying cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It gives an extended example of evaluation of animal behavior and brain properties using an original model of prenatal hypoxia in rats by various physiological, behavioral, immunohistochemical, molecular biological, and biochemical techniques at different stages of postnatal development, which provide a better understanding of the pathological processes in the human brain during the development of neurodegeneration.",book:{id:"5691",slug:"evolutionary-physiology-and-biochemistry-advances-and-perspectives",title:"Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry",fullTitle:"Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry - Advances and Perspectives"},signatures:"Igor А. Zhuravin, Nadezhda M. Dubrovskaya, Natalia L. Tumanova,\n\nDmitrii S. Vasilev and Natalia N. Nalivaeva",authors:[{id:"241024",title:"Dr.",name:"Igor А.",middleName:null,surname:"Zhuravin",slug:"igor-a.-zhuravin",fullName:"Igor А. Zhuravin"},{id:"241026",title:"Dr.",name:"Nadezhda М.",middleName:null,surname:"Dubrovskaya",slug:"nadezhda-m.-dubrovskaya",fullName:"Nadezhda М. Dubrovskaya"},{id:"241027",title:"Dr.",name:"Natalia L.",middleName:null,surname:"Tumanova",slug:"natalia-l.-tumanova",fullName:"Natalia L. Tumanova"},{id:"241028",title:"Dr.",name:"Dmitrii S.",middleName:null,surname:"Vasilev",slug:"dmitrii-s.-vasilev",fullName:"Dmitrii S. Vasilev"},{id:"241029",title:"Dr.",name:"Natalia N.",middleName:null,surname:"Nalivaeva",slug:"natalia-n.-nalivaeva",fullName:"Natalia N. Nalivaeva"}]},{id:"28719",title:"Biotechnology Patents: Safeguarding Human Health",slug:"biotechnology-patents-safeguarding-human-health",totalDownloads:3179,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"2040",slug:"innovations-in-biotechnology",title:"Innovations in Biotechnology",fullTitle:"Innovations in Biotechnology"},signatures:"Rajendra K. Bera",authors:[{id:"77013",title:"Prof.",name:"Rajendra",middleName:null,surname:"Bera",slug:"rajendra-bera",fullName:"Rajendra Bera"}]},{id:"53118",title:"Oral Mucosal Melanosis",slug:"oral-mucosal-melanosis",totalDownloads:2779,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"In the mouth, melanin is produced by melanocytes residing in the basal cell layer of the oral epithelium. Melanin influences the colour of the oral mucosa and provides protection against reactive oxygen species and bacterial-derived enzymes and toxins and acts as a physical barrier to both microorganisms invading the oral epithelium and to other microenvironmental stressors. The functional activity of epithelial melanocytes is regulated by biological agents in the microenvironment, including proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides, and by reciprocal interactions between melanocytes on the one hand and neighbouring keratinocytes and signals from the underlying lamina propria on the other hand. Oral mucosal melanin hyperpigmentation is common and may be physiological or pathological, and in either case the pattern of distribution and the intensity of the melanosis are variable. Physiological melanin hyperpigmentation is the result of increased melanin biosynthesis by melanocytes in the basal cell layer of the oral epithelium, but pathological melanin pigmentation may be the result of increased number of normal melanocytes or atypical melanocytes, of increased melanogenic activity of normal or atypical melanocytes, or of both. Oral mucosal melanin hyperpigmentation may be secondary to disease, medications, or smoking, and physiological oral melanin hyperpigmentation may be clinically and histopathologically similar so that the differentiation between pathological and physiological oral melanosis can at times be difficult.",book:{id:"5519",slug:"melanin",title:"Melanin",fullTitle:"Melanin"},signatures:"Liviu Feller, Razia A.G. Khammissa and Johan Lemmer",authors:[{id:"193730",title:"Prof.",name:"Liviu",middleName:null,surname:"Feller",slug:"liviu-feller",fullName:"Liviu Feller"},{id:"195726",title:"Dr.",name:"Razia",middleName:null,surname:"Khammissa",slug:"razia-khammissa",fullName:"Razia Khammissa"}]},{id:"28705",title:"Applications of Biotechnology in Kiwifruit (Actinidia)",slug:"applications-of-biotechnology-in-kiwifruit-actinidia-",totalDownloads:7605,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:12,abstract:null,book:{id:"2040",slug:"innovations-in-biotechnology",title:"Innovations in Biotechnology",fullTitle:"Innovations in Biotechnology"},signatures:"Tianchi Wang and Andrew P. Gleave",authors:[{id:"74933",title:"Mr.",name:"Tianchi",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"tianchi-wang",fullName:"Tianchi Wang"},{id:"83221",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Gleave",slug:"andrew-gleave",fullName:"Andrew Gleave"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"408",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:287,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:10,numberOfPublishedChapters:103,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"10",title:"Physiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",issn:"2631-8261",scope:"Modern physiology requires a comprehensive understanding of the integration of tissues and organs throughout the mammalian body, including the cooperation between structure and function at the cellular and molecular levels governed by gene and protein expression. While a daunting task, learning is facilitated by identifying common and effective signaling pathways mediated by a variety of factors employed by nature to preserve and sustain homeostatic life. \r\nAs a leading example, the cellular interaction between intracellular concentration of Ca+2 increases, and changes in plasma membrane potential is integral for coordinating blood flow, governing the exocytosis of neurotransmitters, and modulating gene expression and cell effector secretory functions. Furthermore, in this manner, understanding the systemic interaction between the cardiovascular and nervous systems has become more important than ever as human populations' life prolongation, aging and mechanisms of cellular oxidative signaling are utilised for sustaining life. \r\nAltogether, physiological research enables our identification of distinct and precise points of transition from health to the development of multimorbidity throughout the inevitable aging disorders (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, age-related macular degeneration, cancer). With consideration of all organ systems (e.g., brain, heart, lung, gut, skeletal and smooth muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney, eye) and the interactions thereof, this Physiology Series will address the goals of resolving (1) Aging physiology and chronic disease progression (2) Examination of key cellular pathways as they relate to calcium, oxidative stress, and electrical signaling, and (3) how changes in plasma membrane produced by lipid peroxidation products can affect aging physiology, covering new research in the area of cell, human, plant and animal physiology.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/10.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 14th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:11,editor:{id:"35854",title:"Prof.",name:"Tomasz",middleName:null,surname:"Brzozowski",slug:"tomasz-brzozowski",fullName:"Tomasz Brzozowski",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/35854/images/system/35854.jpg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Thomas Brzozowski works as a professor of Human Physiology and is currently Chairman at the Department of Physiology and is V-Dean of the Medical Faculty at Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. His primary area of interest is physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with the major focus on the mechanism of GI mucosal defense, protection, and ulcer healing. He was a postdoctoral NIH fellow at the University of California and the Gastroenterology VA Medical Center, Irvine, Long Beach, CA, USA, and at the Gastroenterology Clinics Erlangen-Nuremberg and Munster in Germany. He has published 290 original articles in some of the most prestigious scientific journals and seven book chapters on the pathophysiology of the GI tract, gastroprotection, ulcer healing, drug therapy of peptic ulcers, hormonal regulation of the gut, and inflammatory bowel disease.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Jagiellonian University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"10",title:"Animal Physiology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/10.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11406,editor:{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",biography:"Catrin Rutland is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Developmental Genetics at the University of Nottingham, UK. She obtained a BSc from the University of Derby, England, a master’s degree from Technische Universität München, Germany, and a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham. She undertook a post-doctoral research fellowship in the School of Medicine before accepting tenure in Veterinary Medicine and Science. Dr. Rutland also obtained an MMedSci (Medical Education) and a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE). She is the author of more than sixty peer-reviewed journal articles, twelve books/book chapters, and more than 100 research abstracts in cardiovascular biology and oncology. She is a board member of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Fellow of the Anatomical Society, and Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. 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From\r\n1964 to 1974, he worked as Assistant in Biochemistry at the School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. From 1974 to 1976, he was a Fellowof the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the University of Connecticut, Health Center, USA. From 1985 to 2004, he served as a Full Professor oBiochemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. He is Member ofthe National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina, and Argentine Society foBiochemistry and Molecular Biology (SAIB). His laboratory has been interested for manyears in the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes from various tissues and different species. Professor Catalá has directed twelve doctoral theses, publishedover 100 papers in peer reviewed journals, several chapters in books andtwelve edited books. Angel Catalá received awards at the 40th InternationaConference Biochemistry of Lipids 1999: Dijon (France). W inner of the Bimbo PanAmerican Nutrition, Food Science and Technology Award 2006 and 2012, South AmericaHuman Nutrition, Professional Category. 2006 award in pharmacology, Bernardo\r\nHoussay, in recognition of his meritorious works of research. Angel Catalá belongto the Editorial Board of Journal of lipids, International Review of Biophysical ChemistryFrontiers in Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, World Journal oExperimental Medicine and Biochemistry Research International, W orld Journal oBiological Chemistry, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Diabetes and thePancreas, International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy, International Journal oNutrition, Co-Editor of The Open Biology Journal.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/12.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11408,editor:{id:"195829",title:"Prof.",name:"Kunihiro",middleName:null,surname:"Sakuma",slug:"kunihiro-sakuma",fullName:"Kunihiro Sakuma",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195829/images/system/195829.jpg",biography:"Professor Kunihiro Sakuma, Ph.D., currently works in the Institute for Liberal Arts at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He is a physiologist working in the field of skeletal muscle. He was awarded his sports science diploma in 1995 by the University of Tsukuba and began his scientific work at the Department of Physiology, Aichi Human Service Center, focusing on the molecular mechanism of congenital muscular dystrophy and normal muscle regeneration. His interest later turned to the molecular mechanism and attenuating strategy of sarcopenia (age-related muscle atrophy). His opinion is to attenuate sarcopenia by improving autophagic defects using nutrient- and pharmaceutical-based treatments.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tokyo Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:{id:"331519",title:"Dr.",name:"Kotomi",middleName:null,surname:"Sakai",slug:"kotomi-sakai",fullName:"Kotomi Sakai",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000031QtFXQA0/Profile_Picture_1637053227318",biography:"Senior researcher Kotomi Sakai, Ph.D., MPH, works at the Research Organization of Science and Technology in Ritsumeikan University. She is a researcher in the geriatric rehabilitation and public health field. She received Ph.D. from Nihon University and MPH from St.Luke’s International University. Her main research interest is sarcopenia in older adults, especially its association with nutritional status. Additionally, to understand how to maintain and improve physical function in older adults, to conduct studies about the mechanism of sarcopenia and determine when possible interventions are needed.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ritsumeikan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}}},{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/13.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11409,editor:{id:"332229",title:"Prof.",name:"Jen-Tsung",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",slug:"jen-tsung-chen",fullName:"Jen-Tsung Chen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/332229/images/system/332229.png",biography:"Dr. Jen-Tsung Chen is currently a professor at the National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He teaches cell biology, genomics, proteomics, medicinal plant biotechnology, and plant tissue culture. Dr. Chen\\'s research interests include bioactive compounds, chromatography techniques, in vitro culture, medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and plant biotechnology. He has published more than ninety scientific papers and serves as an editorial board member for Plant Methods, Biomolecules, and International Journal of Molecular Sciences.",institutionString:"National University of Kaohsiung",institution:{name:"National University of Kaohsiung",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:17,paginationItems:[{id:"81751",title:"NanoBioSensors: From Electrochemical Sensors Improvement to Theranostic Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102552",signatures:"Anielle C.A. Silva, Eliete A. Alvin, Lais S. de Jesus, Caio C.L. de França, Marílya P.G. da Silva, Samaysa L. Lins, Diógenes Meneses, Marcela R. Lemes, Rhanoica O. Guerra, Marcos V. da Silva, Carlo J.F. de Oliveira, Virmondes Rodrigues Junior, Renata M. Etchebehere, Fabiane C. de Abreu, Bruno G. Lucca, Sanívia A.L. Pereira, Rodrigo C. Rosa and Noelio O. 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For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7218",title:"OCT",subtitle:"Applications in Ophthalmology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7218.jpg",slug:"oct-applications-in-ophthalmology",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Michele Lanza",hash:"e3a3430cdfd6999caccac933e4613885",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"OCT - Applications in Ophthalmology",editors:[{id:"240088",title:"Prof.",name:"Michele",middleName:null,surname:"Lanza",slug:"michele-lanza",fullName:"Michele Lanza",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/240088/images/system/240088.png",biography:"Michele Lanza is Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at Università della Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy. His fields of interest are anterior segment disease, keratoconus, glaucoma, corneal dystrophies, and cataracts. His research topics include\nintraocular lens power calculation, eye modification induced by refractive surgery, glaucoma progression, and validation of new diagnostic devices in ophthalmology. \nHe has published more than 100 papers in international and Italian scientific journals, more than 60 in journals with impact factors, and chapters in international and Italian books. He has also edited two international books and authored more than 150 communications or posters for the most important international and Italian ophthalmology conferences.",institutionString:'University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"',institution:{name:'University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"',institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7560",title:"Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods",subtitle:"Image Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7560.jpg",slug:"non-invasive-diagnostic-methods-image-processing",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mariusz Marzec and Robert Koprowski",hash:"d92fd8cf5a90a47f2b8a310837a5600e",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods - Image Processing",editors:[{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",biography:"An assistant professor at Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, at Institute of Computer Science, Silesian University in Katowice. 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