\\n\\n
IntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\\n\\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\\n\\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\\n\\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\\n\\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\\n\\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\\n\\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\\n\\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\\n\\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"",originalUrl:"/media/original/237"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
After years of being acknowledged as the world's leading publisher of Open Access books, today, we are proud to announce we’ve successfully launched a portfolio of Open Science journals covering rapidly expanding areas of interdisciplinary research.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\n\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\n\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\n\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\n\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\n\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\n\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\n\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\n\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"10432",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Casting Processes and Modelling of Metallic Materials",title:"Casting Processes and Modelling of Metallic Materials",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book, Casting Processes and Modelling of Metallic Materials, explores the various casting and modelling activities related to metallic alloy systems. The book provides results of research work conducted by experts from all over the globe to add to the research community in the era of the casting process and modelling. The book was edited by two experts in the field of materials science and modelling, Dr. Abdallah and Dr. Aldoumani, whom both have several publications in peer-reviewed journals, worldwide conferences, and scientific books. The book introduces the casting processes and then discusses the various issues and possible solutions. Over the past years, various models have been proposed and utilized to predict the performance of castings. Some of these models proved to be accurate whereas others failed to predict the casting performance. The strength of any predictive tool depends on the employment of physically meaningful parameters that replicate the real-life conditions. This has been illustrated in the current book with such predictive models and finite element (FE) modelling to illustrate the behaviour of castings in real-life conditions.",isbn:"978-1-83968-432-6",printIsbn:"978-1-83968-431-9",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83968-433-3",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91879",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"casting-processes-and-modelling-of-metallic-materials",numberOfPages:166,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"2c5c9df938666bf5d1797727db203a6d",bookSignature:"Zakaria Abdallah and Nada Aldoumani",publishedDate:"February 24th 2021",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10432.jpg",numberOfDownloads:5005,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:5,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:6,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:11,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"July 10th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"July 31st 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"September 29th 2020",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"December 18th 2020",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"February 16th 2021",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"201670",title:"Dr.",name:"Zak",middleName:null,surname:"Abdallah",slug:"zak-abdallah",fullName:"Zak Abdallah",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/201670/images/system/201670.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Zakaria Abdallah is the principal and a lead academic of fracture and fatigue in the Steel and Metals Institute, Swansea University, Wales. His role there involves in-house manufacturing (i.e., casting) of steel as well as testing its mechanical properties and fracture characteristics under various conditions. Dr. Abdallah has also worked at the Rolls-Royce University Technology Centre, Swansea University, where he was involved in the research and development of high-temperature alloys utilised in aero-engines. The power gearbox in the Rolls-Royce Ultrafan aero-engine is one of the major projects on which Dr. Abdallah has been working for several years. He has worked as a consultant for various industries in the United Kingdom, such as Airbus, TIMET, ETD, Rolls-Royce, within Swansea Materials Research and Testing (SMaRT) Ltd. Dr. Abdallah leads or has led, several modules at Swansea University. He also supervises several students working on various projects related to steel and metal alloys as well as the fatigue performance and life predictions of metallic structures. Dr. Abdallah has numerous journal publications, books, and international conferences to his credit. His research interests include steel and metals, composite materials, materials characterisation, creep and fatigue, life predictions of materials, thermo-mechanical testing, heat treatment, powder metallurgy, and diffusion bonding and brazing.",institutionString:"Swansea University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Swansea University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"274462",title:"Dr.",name:"Nada",middleName:null,surname:"Aldoumani",slug:"nada-aldoumani",fullName:"Nada Aldoumani",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/274462/images/system/274462.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Aldoumani is the director of Innovative Technologies & Engineering Consultancy House (ITECH) Ltd., a registered business in the United Kingdom with headquarters in London. She provides services in metallic and composite structures in the field of uncertainty quantification and mechanical properties. In her business, Dr. Aldoumani is enhancing her consultancy expertise by providing services to customers worldwide. This includes finite element (FE) modelling and engineering solutions for newly designed products with the aid of uncertainty quantification and problem-solving. Dr. Aldoumani was a fellow researcher at Swansea University, Wales, with a structural engineering background. She is an expert in composite materials for structural applications, finite element (FE) modelling, and ANSYS, PDL, ACP, and MATLAB coding. Dr. Aldoumani is also a pioneer in uncertainty quantification in composite structures and adhesively bonded materials, particularly those employed in the aerospace industry. During her career, Dr. Aldoumani developed a novel approach that automates ANSYS through an in-house MATLAB code that is capable of running thousands of trials to obtain probabilistic Gaussian distributions. Her work is now published in internationally recognised and peer-reviewed journals.",institutionString:"Innovative Technologies & Engineering Consultancy House (ITECH) Ltd.",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Swansea University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"944",title:"Metallurgy",slug:"metals-and-nonmetals-metallurgy"}],chapters:[{id:"73325",title:"Perspective Chapter: A Personal Overview of Casting Processes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93739",slug:"perspective-chapter-a-personal-overview-of-casting-processes",totalDownloads:659,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Casting processes are reviewed from the point of view of the type of defects they produce and their consequential properties of the castings they produce, particularly resistance to fracture, and therefore, their reliability in service. The ingot casting of steels is criticized for unnecessary degradation of the steel. The fundamental problems of continuous casting of aluminum alloys and steels are seen to be lying in inattention to the details of the processes. Vacuum casting, particularly vacuum arc remelting, as currently executed, is seen to be fundamentally unreliable for any safety critical purposes, particularly its history of helicopter tragedies resulting from its use in helicopter drive trains.",signatures:"John Campbell",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73325",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73325",authors:[{id:"327797",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"John",surname:"Campbell",slug:"john-campbell",fullName:"John Campbell"}],corrections:null},{id:"74167",title:"Solidification of Metals and Alloys",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94393",slug:"solidification-of-metals-and-alloys",totalDownloads:1164,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In order to analyse the process of solidification of metals and alloys critically, it is most pertinent to understand the different modes of nucleation and the uneven rates of growth throughout the melt. It is also important to take a note of the constraints in the growth process that definitely influence the crystal structure and the structure related properties of the casting. The freezing pattern of the liquid melt decides the feeding of the mould which is instrumental in producing a complete and compact casting. For pure metals and even in case of alloys with a narrow freezing range a well defined solid–liquid macro-interface exists. Here feeding of the solidifying casting is the easiest, by the common lowering of the liquid metal surface in the mould. However, in many instances, a well defined interface is not witnessed. The solid–liquid interface could be discrete and not continuous. Here process of feeding the solidification sites that witness considerable shrinkages, may become complicated. On grounds of above it is implied, the process of solidification constitutes an important aspects in the production of a defect free casting.",signatures:"Upendra Kumar Mohanty and Hrushikesh Sarangi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74167",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74167",authors:[{id:"328540",title:"Prof.",name:"Hrushikesh",surname:"Sarangi",slug:"hrushikesh-sarangi",fullName:"Hrushikesh Sarangi"},{id:"328543",title:"Prof.",name:"Upendra Kumar",surname:"Mohanty",slug:"upendra-kumar-mohanty",fullName:"Upendra Kumar Mohanty"}],corrections:null},{id:"74686",title:"Heat Transfer Studies on Solidification of Casting Process",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95371",slug:"heat-transfer-studies-on-solidification-of-casting-process",totalDownloads:710,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This chapter deals with the heat transfer characteristics between the cast and the mold. Generally the heat transfer behavior between the cast and the sand mold is used and all the three modes of heat transfer are studied. The heat transfer characteristics from the cast is at a faster rate for a die mold than for the sand mold. Since the sand mold is used for most of the industrial applications for the complex shapes of metal the heat transfer and the shrinkage behavior in solidification has to be understood perfectly. In this chapter, since the heat transfer mechanism and the shrinkage behavior of the metal in the sand mold is interrelated, hence were predominantly discussed.",signatures:"L. Anna Gowsalya and Mahboob E. Afshan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74686",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74686",authors:[{id:"328513",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Anna Gowsalya",surname:"Lucas",slug:"anna-gowsalya-lucas",fullName:"Anna Gowsalya Lucas"},{id:"343119",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahboob",surname:"E Afshan",slug:"mahboob-e-afshan",fullName:"Mahboob E Afshan"}],corrections:null},{id:"74553",title:"Simulation and Validation of Castings in Shop Floor",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94596",slug:"simulation-and-validation-of-castings-in-shop-floor",totalDownloads:758,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Production of sound casting demands a thorough understanding of whole casting process. But still, defects and rejection of castings are ubiquitous because in general, the designer lacks domain knowledge about casting processes and hardly have any methodology to find out the parameters that produce sound casting. Casting simulation software simulates the way how casting engineers decide the casting process in a virtual platform and also analyzes each decision to point out the design modifications needed to enhance the quality of casting as well as reduce lead time, tooling and manufacturing costs. The application of simulation software enables us to say, “Get it right, the first time and every time”. Simulation software can be very helpful in calculating tedious formulas, constructing solid modeling which will be helpful to visualise the actual situation like core/mould assembly, gating and feeding arrangements with the main casting before going into actual practice. It can be adopted for troubleshooting existing castings, and for producing new castings without or minimum shop-floor trials. This chapter illustrates the advantages of casting simulation (both tangible and intangible), bottlenecks (technical and resource-related), and some best practices to subdue the bottlenecks. In this chapter some of the live examples have been cited to understand the process logically and scientifically.",signatures:"Partha Haldar and Goutam Sutradhar",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74553",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74553",authors:[{id:"328397",title:"Prof.",name:"Goutam",surname:"Sutradhar",slug:"goutam-sutradhar",fullName:"Goutam Sutradhar"},{id:"328399",title:"Mr.",name:"Partha",surname:"Haldar",slug:"partha-haldar",fullName:"Partha Haldar"}],corrections:null},{id:"74745",title:"CFD Optimization Method to Design Foam Residue Traps for Full Mold Casting",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95505",slug:"cfd-optimization-method-to-design-foam-residue-traps-for-full-mold-casting",totalDownloads:346,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Full mold casting is a casting process in which a mold made of wood or metal is substituted for a styrofoam model. This metal casting process is advantageous for the production of large-sized castings because it uses a foamed model. However, this unique process of melting a foamed model causes a problem which is the foamed model remains dissolved in the casting. This is called foam residue defect and is specific to full mold casting. In this study, we propose a new casting design called a residue trap to reduce these residue defects. This residue trap collects the residue of foam models included in the molten metal, which tends to be generated when the temperature of the molten metal becomes low by being attached to the product part in the same way to overflows. We also optimized the shape of the residue trap in terms of easing of post-treatment and increasing efficiency of collecting foam residue. Eventually, the effectiveness of the residue trap was verified by actual full mold casting experiments.",signatures:"Yuto Takagi, Masahiro Inagaki and Ken’ichi Yano",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74745",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74745",authors:[{id:"66448",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenichi",surname:"Yano",slug:"kenichi-yano",fullName:"Kenichi Yano"},{id:"328441",title:"MSc.",name:"Yuto",surname:"Takagi",slug:"yuto-takagi",fullName:"Yuto Takagi"},{id:"328442",title:"MSc.",name:"Masahiro",surname:"Inagaki",slug:"masahiro-inagaki",fullName:"Masahiro Inagaki"}],corrections:null},{id:"74692",title:"The Physical Chemistry of Steel Deoxidation and Nozzle Clogging in Continuous Casting",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95369",slug:"the-physical-chemistry-of-steel-deoxidation-and-nozzle-clogging-in-continuous-casting",totalDownloads:585,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Nozzle clogging in continuous casting of steel originates by the adherence of alumina particles and other oxides, precipitated during the liquid steel deoxidation, on the refractory material’s surface. Hence, these particles’ nucleation and growth rates in supersaturated melts are analyzed considering, specifically, the role of the interfacial tensions between alumina, silica, and other oxides and the liquid metal. Weak steel deoxidizers like silicon do not need high supersaturations favoring high nucleation rates, giving particles’ narrow size distributions thanks to fast diffusion and Ostwald-ripening coagulation. Strong deoxidizers, like aluminum, need high supersaturation levels leading to broad size distributions. Besides, the morphology of these particles depends on the nucleation and growth mechanisms. The adhesion forces among the deoxidation particles, forming clusters, depending on the morphology and the oxide’s chemistry. The stability of the nozzle’s clog, adhered to the nozzle’s wall, depends on the interface tensions between the melt and the nozzle’s refractory surface and between the melt and the inclusion. The results obtained here help set up basic recommendations in steel refining and materials specifications of casting nozzles.",signatures:"María-Guadalupe González Solórzano, Rodolfo Morales-Dávila, Jafeth Rodríguez Ávila, Carlos Rodrigo Muñiz-Valdés and Alfonso Nájera Bastida",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74692",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74692",authors:[{id:"106163",title:"Dr.",name:"Rodolfo",surname:"Morales",slug:"rodolfo-morales",fullName:"Rodolfo Morales"},{id:"241727",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos-Rodrigo",surname:"Muñiz-Valdez",slug:"carlos-rodrigo-muniz-valdez",fullName:"Carlos-Rodrigo Muñiz-Valdez"},{id:"337015",title:"Ms.",name:"Maria Guadalupe",surname:"González-Solórzano",slug:"maria-guadalupe-gonzalez-solorzano",fullName:"Maria Guadalupe González-Solórzano"},{id:"342255",title:"Dr.",name:"Jafeth",surname:"Rodríguez Ávila",slug:"jafeth-rodriguez-avila",fullName:"Jafeth Rodríguez Ávila"},{id:"342256",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfonso Nájera",surname:"Bastida",slug:"alfonso-najera-bastida",fullName:"Alfonso Nájera Bastida"}],corrections:null},{id:"74098",title:"Melt Treatment-Porosity Formation Relationship in Al-Si Cast Alloys",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94595",slug:"melt-treatment-porosity-formation-relationship-in-al-si-cast-alloys",totalDownloads:415,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The present study focuses on the porosity formation in three Al-Si cast alloys widely used in automotive industries viz. A319.0, A356.0, and A413.0 alloys under various conditions: stirring, degassing. Sr level, amount of grain refining, combined modification and grain refining, as well as hydrogen level. The solidification rate was the same for all alloys in terms of the mold used and its temperature. The microstructural investigations were carried out quantitatively using an optical microscope-image analyzer system scanning systematically over a polished sample area of 25 mm × 25 mm and qualitatively using an electron probe microanalzer equipped with EDS and WDS systems. The results were coupled with hardness measurements.",signatures:"Dominique Gagnon, Agnes M. Samuel, Fawzy H. Samuel, Mohamed H. Abdelaziz and Herbert W. Doty",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74098",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74098",authors:[{id:"178918",title:"Dr.",name:"Fawzy H.",surname:"Samuel",slug:"fawzy-h.-samuel",fullName:"Fawzy H. Samuel"},{id:"184917",title:"Dr.",name:"Herbert",surname:"Doty",slug:"herbert-doty",fullName:"Herbert Doty"},{id:"320329",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed H.",surname:"Abdelaziz",slug:"mohamed-h.-abdelaziz",fullName:"Mohamed H. Abdelaziz"},{id:"320504",title:"Dr.",name:"Agnes Marie",surname:"Samuel",slug:"agnes-marie-samuel",fullName:"Agnes Marie Samuel"},{id:"335576",title:"Dr.",name:"Dominque",surname:"Gagnon",slug:"dominque-gagnon",fullName:"Dominque Gagnon"}],corrections:null},{id:"73849",title:"Shrinkage Porosity in Steel Sand Castings: Formation, Classification and Inspection",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94392",slug:"shrinkage-porosity-in-steel-sand-castings-formation-classification-and-inspection",totalDownloads:370,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In this Chapter, shrinkage porosity defects in steel castings are analysed, particularly for low carbon, high alloyed steels, which have applications in critical engineering components. It begins with the mechanisms for porosity formation within the solidification contraction phase of the casting cycle, highlighting the importance of feeder design. This is followed by characterisation of the solidification phase of steel alloys, including the evolution of phases, which is important in distinguishing between microstructure and porosity in microscopy analysis. A more detailed discussion of interdendritic feeding and mechanisms for shrinkage micro-porosity is then provided. This leads to the well-established interdendritic flow model and commonly-used thermal criteria for shrinkage porosity prediction. The discussions are then consolidated through the classification of shrinkage porosity in terms of formation mechanisms and morphology, and its causes relating to composition, design and process conditions. Finally, engineering standards for classification and inspection of porosity types and severity levels in steel castings are discussed. Throughout, basic design and process improvement approaches for improving melt feeding during solidification contraction is given, with emphasis on providing practical solutions for prediction and evaluation of shrinkage porosity defects in castings.",signatures:"Nawaz Mahomed",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73849",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73849",authors:[{id:"328300",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Nawaz",surname:"Mahomed",slug:"nawaz-mahomed",fullName:"Nawaz Mahomed"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10773",title:"Advances in Fatigue and Fracture Testing and Modelling",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"22eb4fe235e1d5d074c3ad7643f8a567",slug:"advances-in-fatigue-and-fracture-testing-and-modelling",bookSignature:"Zak Abdallah and Nada Aldoumani",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10773.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"201670",title:"Dr.",name:"Zak",surname:"Abdallah",slug:"zak-abdallah",fullName:"Zak Abdallah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3817",title:"Developments in Corrosion Protection",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8ff86fac7ac8bce142fdc3c0e5a79f30",slug:"developments-in-corrosion-protection",bookSignature:"M. 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A review of the literature on the recombination radiation in diamond and its application was performed. There was no displacement of free-exciton band at 5.275 eV in the temperature range of 80–300 K. At low excitation levels, the temperature dependence of free-exciton band intensity had the maximum at ∼150 K. The band-A of luminescence, due to defects containing sp2-hybridizedcarbon bonds, is located in the spectral range 350–650 nm with a maximum at ∼440 nm and is characterized by the decay time of 8–19 m sec in the temperature range of 80–300 K. The electron-hole liquid recombination radiation in the diamond was observed at temperatures of <200 K and at peak densities of charge carriers of ≥(0.3–1.0)×1018 cm-3. Condensation of electron-hole liquid implies the displacement of the free-exciton intensity maximum on the temperature dependence to higher temperatures. The critical temperature of electron-hole liquid condensation takes values in the range of 160–220 K. 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He defended his thesis for the degree of Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences in the specialty 'Optics” at Tomsk State University in 2012. At present he is Head of Laboratory of Quantum Information Technologies of Tomsk State University, Senior Researcher at the Institute of High Current Electronics and Assistant Professor at the Department of Quantum Electronics and Photonics of Tomsk State University.",institutionString:"Institute of High Current Electronics",institution:{name:"Institute of High Current Electronics",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"94307",title:"Prof.",name:"Vladimir",surname:"Oleshko",slug:"vladimir-oleshko",fullName:"Vladimir Oleshko",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tomsk Polytechnic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"96542",title:"Prof.",name:"Elena",surname:"Flitsiyan",slug:"elena-flitsiyan",fullName:"Elena Flitsiyan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Central Florida",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"96553",title:"Prof.",name:"Leonid",surname:"Chernuak",slug:"leonid-chernuak",fullName:"Leonid Chernuak",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Central Florida",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"96554",title:"MSc.",name:"Casey",surname:"Schwarz",slug:"casey-schwarz",fullName:"Casey Schwarz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Central Florida",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"97328",title:"Prof.",name:"Vladimir",surname:"Solomonov",slug:"vladimir-solomonov",fullName:"Vladimir Solomonov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Institute of Electrophysics",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"100627",title:"Prof.",name:"Victor",surname:"Lisitsyn",slug:"victor-lisitsyn",fullName:"Victor Lisitsyn",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tomsk Polytechnic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"100628",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",surname:"Polisadova",slug:"elena-polisadova",fullName:"Elena Polisadova",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tomsk Polytechnic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"100629",title:"Dr.",name:"Evgenii",surname:"Baksht",slug:"evgenii-baksht",fullName:"Evgenii Baksht",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Institute of High Current Electronics",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"101727",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfiya",surname:"Spirina",slug:"alfiya-spirina",fullName:"Alfiya Spirina",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Institute of Electrophysics",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}]},generic:{page:{slug:"publishing-process-steps",title:"Publishing Process Steps and Descriptions",intro:"This is a brief overview of the main steps involved in publishing with IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs and Edited Books. 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\n\nIf the manuscript is formally accepted after peer review you will receive a formal Notice of Acceptance, and a price quote.
\n\nThe Open Access Publishing Fee of your IntechOpen Compacts, Monograph or Edited Book depends on the volume of the publication and includes: project management, editorial and peer review services, technical editing, language copyediting, cover design and book layout, book promotion and ISBN assignment.
\n\nWe will send you your price quote and after it has been accepted (by both the author and the publisher), both parties will sign a Statement of Work binding them to adhere to the agreed upon terms.
\n\nAt this step you will also be asked to accept the Copyright Agreement.
\n\n5. LANGUAGE COPYEDITING, TECHNICAL EDITING AND TYPESET PROOF
\n\nYour manuscript will be sent to Straive, a leader in content solution services, for language copyediting. You will then receive a typeset proof formatted in XML and available online in HTML and PDF to proofread and check for completeness. The first typeset proof of your manuscript is usually available 10 days after its original submission.
\n\nAfter we receive your proof corrections and a final typeset of the manuscript is approved, your manuscript is sent to our in house DTP department for technical formatting and online publication preparation.
\n\nAdditionally, you will be asked to provide a profile picture (face or chest-up portrait photograph) and a short summary of the book which is required for the book cover design.
\n\n6. INVOICE PAYMENT
\n\nThe invoice is generally paid by the author, the author’s institution or funder. The payment can be made by credit card from your Author Panel (one will be assigned to you at the beginning of the project), or via bank transfer as indicated on the invoice. We currently accept the following payment options:
\n\nIntechOpen will help you complete your payment safely and securely, keeping your personal, professional and financial information safe.
\n\n7. ONLINE PUBLICATION, PRINT AND DELIVERY OF THE BOOK
\n\nIntechOpen authors can choose whether to publish their book online only or opt for online and print editions. IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs and Edited Books will be published on www.intechopen.com. If ordered, print copies are delivered by DHL within 12 to 15 working days.
\n\nIf you feel that IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs or Edited Books are the right publishing format for your work, please fill out the publishing proposal form. For any specific queries related to the publishing process, or IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs & Edited Books in general, please contact us at book.department@intechopen.com
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Brian Sun"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:142,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"26862",doi:"10.5772/27413",title:"Titanium as a Biomaterial for Implants",slug:"titanium-as-a-biomaterial-for-implants",totalDownloads:16257,totalCrossrefCites:51,totalDimensionsCites:125,abstract:null,book:{id:"938",slug:"recent-advances-in-arthroplasty",title:"Recent Advances in Arthroplasty",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Arthroplasty"},signatures:"Carlos Oldani and Alejandro Dominguez",authors:[{id:"70012",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Oldani",slug:"carlos-oldani",fullName:"Carlos Oldani"},{id:"73445",title:"MSc.",name:"Alejandro",middleName:"Anibal",surname:"Dominguez",slug:"alejandro-dominguez",fullName:"Alejandro Dominguez"}]},{id:"58199",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71963",title:"Virtual and Augmented Reality in Medical Education",slug:"virtual-and-augmented-reality-in-medical-education",totalDownloads:3079,totalCrossrefCites:21,totalDimensionsCites:41,abstract:"Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are two contemporary simulation models that are currently upgrading medical education. VR provides a 3D and dynamic view of structures and the ability of the user to interact with them. The recent technological advances in haptics, display systems, and motion detection allow the user to have a realistic and interactive experience, enabling VR to be ideal for training in hands-on procedures. Consequently, surgical and other interventional procedures are the main fields of application of VR. AR provides the ability of projecting virtual information and structures over physical objects, thus enhancing or altering the real environment. The integration of AR applications in the understanding of anatomical structures and physiological mechanisms seems to be beneficial. Studies have tried to demonstrate the validity and educational effect of many VR and AR applications, in many different areas, employed via various hardware platforms. Some of them even propose a curriculum that integrates these methods. This chapter provides a brief history of VR and AR in medicine, as well as the principles and standards of their function. Finally, the studies that show the effect of the implementation of these methods in different fields of medical training are summarized and presented.",book:{id:"6211",slug:"medical-and-surgical-education-past-present-and-future",title:"Medical and Surgical Education",fullTitle:"Medical and Surgical Education - Past, Present and Future"},signatures:"Panteleimon Pantelidis, Angeliki Chorti, Ioanna Papagiouvanni,\nGeorgios Paparoidamis, Christos Drosos, Thrasyvoulos\nPanagiotakopoulos, Georgios Lales and Michail Sideris",authors:[{id:"211650",title:"M.D.",name:"Panteleimon",middleName:null,surname:"Pantelidis",slug:"panteleimon-pantelidis",fullName:"Panteleimon Pantelidis"},{id:"211654",title:"Ms.",name:"Angeliki",middleName:null,surname:"Chorti",slug:"angeliki-chorti",fullName:"Angeliki Chorti"},{id:"220557",title:"Ms.",name:"Ioanna",middleName:null,surname:"Papagiouvanni",slug:"ioanna-papagiouvanni",fullName:"Ioanna Papagiouvanni"},{id:"220558",title:"Mr.",name:"Georgios",middleName:null,surname:"Paparoidamis",slug:"georgios-paparoidamis",fullName:"Georgios Paparoidamis"},{id:"220559",title:"Mr.",name:"Georgios",middleName:null,surname:"Lales",slug:"georgios-lales",fullName:"Georgios Lales"},{id:"220560",title:"Mr.",name:"Thrasyvoulos",middleName:null,surname:"Panagiotakopoulos",slug:"thrasyvoulos-panagiotakopoulos",fullName:"Thrasyvoulos Panagiotakopoulos"},{id:"220561",title:"Mr.",name:"Christos",middleName:null,surname:"Drosos",slug:"christos-drosos",fullName:"Christos Drosos"},{id:"220562",title:"Dr.",name:"Michail",middleName:null,surname:"Sideris",slug:"michail-sideris",fullName:"Michail Sideris"}]},{id:"50915",doi:"10.5772/63266",title:"Doped Bioactive Glass Materials in Bone Regeneration",slug:"doped-bioactive-glass-materials-in-bone-regeneration",totalDownloads:3480,totalCrossrefCites:13,totalDimensionsCites:33,abstract:"In the arena of orthopaedic surgery, autograft is considered to be the gold standard for correction of fracture repair or other bone pathologies. But, it has some limitations such as donor site morbidity and shortage of supply, which evolved the use of allograft that also has some disadvantages such as immunogenic response to the host, low osteogenicity as well as possibilities of disease transmission. Despite the benefits of autografts and allografts, the limitations of each have necessitated the pursuit of alternatives biomaterials that has the ability to initiate osteogenesis, and the graft should closely mimic the natural bone along with regeneration of fibroblasts. A variety of artificial materials such as demineralised bone matrix, coralline hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate-based ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and bioactive glass have been used over the decades to fill bone defects almost without associated soft tissue development. Most of them were having only the properties of osteointegration and osteoconduction. Only bioactive glass possesses osteogenic property that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells and in some cases influencing the fibroblastic properties. But, this material has also some disadvantages such as short-term and low mechanical strength along with decreased fracture resistance; but, this was further minimised by ion doping that positively enhanced new bone formation. There are many metal ions such as magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag) and some rare earths that have been doped successfully into bioactive glass to enhance their mechanical and biological properties. In some of the cases, mesoporous bioactive glass materials with or without such doping have also been employed (with homogeneous distribution of pores in the size ranging between 2 and 50 nm). These biomaterials can be served as scaffold for bone regeneration with adequate mechanical properties to restore bone defects and facilitate healing process by regeneration of soft tissues as well. This chapter encompasses the use of bioactive glass in bulk and mesoporous form with doped therapeutic ions, their role in bone tissue regeneration, use as delivery of growth factors as well as coating material for orthopaedic implants.",book:{id:"5164",slug:"advanced-techniques-in-bone-regeneration",title:"Advanced Techniques in Bone Regeneration",fullTitle:"Advanced Techniques in Bone Regeneration"},signatures:"Samit Kumar Nandi, Arnab Mahato, Biswanath Kundu and Prasenjit\nMukherjee",authors:[{id:"60514",title:"Dr.",name:"Samit",middleName:null,surname:"Nandi",slug:"samit-nandi",fullName:"Samit Nandi"}]},{id:"37120",doi:"10.5772/29607",title:"Trigeminocardiac Reflex in Neurosurgery - Current Knowledge and Prospects",slug:"the-trigeminocardiac-reflex-in-neurosurgery-current-knowledge-and-prospects",totalDownloads:3423,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:27,abstract:null,book:{id:"749",slug:"explicative-cases-of-controversial-issues-in-neurosurgery",title:"Explicative Cases of Controversial Issues in Neurosurgery",fullTitle:"Explicative Cases of Controversial Issues in Neurosurgery"},signatures:"Amr Abdulazim, Martin N. Stienen, Pooyan Sadr-Eshkevari, Nora Prochnow, Nora Sandu, Benham Bohluli and Bernhard Schaller",authors:[{id:"78171",title:"Prof.",name:"Bernhard",middleName:null,surname:"Schaller",slug:"bernhard-schaller",fullName:"Bernhard Schaller"},{id:"78525",title:"Mr.",name:"Amr",middleName:null,surname:"Abdulazim",slug:"amr-abdulazim",fullName:"Amr Abdulazim"},{id:"78530",title:"Dr",name:"Pooyan",middleName:null,surname:"Sadr-Eshkevari",slug:"pooyan-sadr-eshkevari",fullName:"Pooyan Sadr-Eshkevari"},{id:"126039",title:"Dr.",name:"Martin",middleName:"Nikolaus",surname:"Stienen",slug:"martin-stienen",fullName:"Martin Stienen"},{id:"126040",title:"Dr.",name:"Nora",middleName:null,surname:"Prochnow",slug:"nora-prochnow",fullName:"Nora Prochnow"},{id:"126041",title:"Dr.",name:"Benham",middleName:null,surname:"Bohluli",slug:"benham-bohluli",fullName:"Benham Bohluli"}]},{id:"26559",doi:"10.5772/28833",title:"Local Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Bone and Soft Tissue Infections",slug:"local-antibiotic-therapy-in-the-treatment-of-bone-and-soft-tissue-infections",totalDownloads:6551,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:21,abstract:null,book:{id:"784",slug:"selected-topics-in-plastic-reconstructive-surgery",title:"Selected Topics in Plastic Reconstructive Surgery",fullTitle:"Selected Topics in Plastic Reconstructive Surgery"},signatures:"Stefanos Tsourvakas",authors:[{id:"75532",title:"Dr.",name:"Stefanos",middleName:null,surname:"Tsourvakas",slug:"stefanos-tsourvakas",fullName:"Stefanos Tsourvakas"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"65467",title:"Anesthesia Management for Large-Volume Liposuction",slug:"anesthesia-management-for-large-volume-liposuction",totalDownloads:5965,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"The apparent easiness with which liposuction is performed favors that patients, young surgeons, and anesthesiologists without experience in this field ignore the many events that occur during this procedure. Liposuction is a procedure to improve the body contour and not a surgery to reduce weight, although recently people who have failed in their plans to lose weight look at liposuction as a means to contour their body figure. Tumescent liposuction of large volumes requires a meticulous selection of each patient; their preoperative evaluation and perioperative management are essential to obtain the expected results. The various techniques of general anesthesia are the most recommended and should be monitored in the usual way, as well as monitoring the total doses of infiltrated local anesthetics to avoid systemic toxicity. The management of intravenous fluids is controversial, but the current trend is the restricted use of hydrosaline solutions. The most feared complications are deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, fat embolism, lung edema, hypothermia, infections and even death. The adherence to the management guidelines and prophylaxis of venous thrombosis/thromboembolism is mandatory.",book:{id:"6221",slug:"anesthesia-topics-for-plastic-and-reconstructive-surgery",title:"Anesthesia Topics for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery",fullTitle:"Anesthesia Topics for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},signatures:"Sergio Granados-Tinajero, Carlos Buenrostro-Vásquez, Cecilia\nCárdenas-Maytorena and Marcela Contreras-López",authors:[{id:"273532",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergio Octavio",middleName:null,surname:"Granados Tinajero",slug:"sergio-octavio-granados-tinajero",fullName:"Sergio Octavio Granados Tinajero"}]},{id:"42855",title:"Critical Care Issues After Major Hepatic Surgery",slug:"critical-care-issues-after-major-hepatic-surgery",totalDownloads:8909,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"3164",slug:"hepatic-surgery",title:"Hepatic Surgery",fullTitle:"Hepatic Surgery"},signatures:"Ashok Thorat and Wei-Chen Lee",authors:[{id:"52360",title:"Prof.",name:"Wei-Chen",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",slug:"wei-chen-lee",fullName:"Wei-Chen Lee"},{id:"157213",title:"Dr.",name:"Ashok",middleName:null,surname:"Thorat",slug:"ashok-thorat",fullName:"Ashok Thorat"}]},{id:"72175",title:"Fontan Operation: A Comprehensive Review",slug:"fontan-operation-a-comprehensive-review",totalDownloads:1252,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Since the first description of the Fontan operation in the early 1970s, a number of modifications have been introduced and currently staged, total cavopulmonary connection with fenestration has become the most commonly used multistage surgery in diverting the vena caval blood flow into the lungs. The existing ventricle, whether it is left or right, is utilized to supply systemic circuit. During Stage I, palliative surgery is performed, usually at presentation in the neonatal period/early infancy, on the basis of pathophysiology of the cardiac defect. During Stage II, a bidirectional Glenn procedure is undertaken in which the superior vena caval flow is diverted into the lungs at an approximate age of 6 months. During Stage IIIA, the blood flow from the inferior vena cava (IVC) is rerouted into the pulmonary arteries, typically by an extra-cardiac conduit along with a fenestration, generally around 2 years of age. During Stage IIIB, the fenestration is closed by transcatheter methodology 6–12 months after Stage IIIA. The evolution of Fontan concepts, the indications for Fontan surgery, and the results of old and current types of Fontan operation form the focus of this review.",book:{id:"9585",slug:"advances-in-complex-valvular-disease",title:"Advances in Complex Valvular Disease",fullTitle:"Advances in Complex Valvular Disease"},signatures:"P. Syamasundar Rao",authors:[{id:"68531",title:"Dr.",name:"P. Syamasundar",middleName:null,surname:"Rao",slug:"p.-syamasundar-rao",fullName:"P. Syamasundar Rao"}]},{id:"45712",title:"Serdev Sutures® in Middle Face",slug:"serdev-sutures-in-middle-face",totalDownloads:4919,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"2989",slug:"miniinvasive-face-and-body-lifts-closed-suture-lifts-or-barbed-thread-lifts",title:"Miniinvasive Face and Body Lifts",fullTitle:"Miniinvasive Face and Body Lifts - Closed Suture Lifts or Barbed Thread Lifts"},signatures:"Nikolay Serdev",authors:[{id:"32585",title:"Dr.",name:"Nikolay",middleName:null,surname:"Serdev",slug:"nikolay-serdev",fullName:"Nikolay Serdev"}]},{id:"55812",title:"Postural Restoration: A Tri-Planar Asymmetrical Framework for Understanding, Assessing, and Treating Scoliosis and Other Spinal Dysfunctions",slug:"postural-restoration-a-tri-planar-asymmetrical-framework-for-understanding-assessing-and-treating-sc",totalDownloads:7646,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Current medical practice does not recognize the influence of innate, physiological, human asymmetry on scoliosis and other postural disorders. Interventions meant to correct these conditions are commonly based on symmetrical models of appearance and do not take into account asymmetric organ weight distribution, asymmetries of respiratory mechanics, and dominant movement patterns that are reinforced in daily functional activities. A model of innate, human asymmetry derived from the theoretical framework of the Postural Restoration Institute® (PRI) explicitly describes the physiological, biomechanical, and respiratory components of human asymmetry. This model is important because it gives an accurate baseline for understanding predisposing factors for the development of postural disorders, which, without intervention, will likely progress to structural dysfunction. Clinical tests to evaluate tri-planar musculoskeletal relationships and function, developed by PRI, are based on this asymmetric model. These tests are valuable for assessing patient’s status in the context of human asymmetry and in guiding appropriate exercise prescription and progression. Balancing musculoskeletal asymmetry is the aim of PRI treatment. Restoration of relative balance decreases pain, restores improved alignment, and strengthens appropriate muscle function. It can also halt the progression of dysfunction and improve respiration, quality of life, and appearance. PRI’s extensive body of targeted exercise progressions are highly effective due to their basis in the tri-planar asymmetric human model.",book:{id:"5816",slug:"innovations-in-spinal-deformities-and-postural-disorders",title:"Innovations in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders",fullTitle:"Innovations in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders"},signatures:"Susan Henning, Lisa C. Mangino and Jean Massé",authors:[{id:"204825",title:"Dr.",name:"Susan",middleName:null,surname:"Henning",slug:"susan-henning",fullName:"Susan Henning"},{id:"206242",title:"Dr.",name:"Lisa C",middleName:null,surname:"Mangino",slug:"lisa-c-mangino",fullName:"Lisa C Mangino"},{id:"206245",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean",middleName:null,surname:"Massé",slug:"jean-masse",fullName:"Jean Massé"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"202",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:89,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:31,numberOfPublishedChapters:314,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:18,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:14,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",issn:"2632-0517",scope:"Paralleling similar advances in the medical field, astounding advances occurred in Veterinary Medicine and Science in recent decades. These advances have helped foster better support for animal health, more humane animal production, and a better understanding of the physiology of endangered species to improve the assisted reproductive technologies or the pathogenesis of certain diseases, where animals can be used as models for human diseases (like cancer, degenerative diseases or fertility), and even as a guarantee of public health. Bridging Human, Animal, and Environmental health, the holistic and integrative “One Health” concept intimately associates the developments within those fields, projecting its advancements into practice. This book series aims to tackle various animal-related medicine and sciences fields, providing thematic volumes consisting of high-quality significant research directed to researchers and postgraduates. It aims to give us a glimpse into the new accomplishments in the Veterinary Medicine and Science field. 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In brief, we hope that books in this series will provide accessible references for those interested or working in this field and encourage learning in a range of different topics.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/13.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"June 17th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:11,editor:{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:6,paginationItems:[{id:"19",title:"Animal Science",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/19.jpg",editor:{id:"259298",title:"Dr.",name:"Edward",middleName:null,surname:"Narayan",slug:"edward-narayan",fullName:"Edward Narayan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Edward Narayan graduated with Ph.D. degree in Biology from the University of the South Pacific and pioneered non-invasive reproductive and stress endocrinology tools for amphibians - the novel development and validation of non-invasive enzyme immunoassays for the evaluation of reproductive hormonal cycle and stress hormone responses to environmental stressors. \nDr. Narayan leads the Stress Lab (Comparative Physiology and Endocrinology) at the University of Queensland. 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