\\n\\n
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Milestone",originalUrl:"/media/original/124"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
Barely three months into the new year and we are happy to announce a monumental milestone reached - 150 million downloads.
\n\nThis achievement solidifies IntechOpen’s place as a pioneer in Open Access publishing and the home to some of the most relevant scientific research available through Open Access.
\n\nWe are so proud to have worked with so many bright minds throughout the years who have helped us spread knowledge through the power of Open Access and we look forward to continuing to support some of the greatest thinkers of our day.
\n\nThank you for making IntechOpen your place of learning, sharing, and discovery, and here’s to 150 million more!
\n\n\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-supports-asapbio-s-new-initiative-publish-your-reviews-20220729",title:"IntechOpen Supports ASAPbio’s New Initiative Publish Your Reviews"},{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"267",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"DNA Replication - Current Advances",title:"DNA Replication",subtitle:"Current Advances",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"The study of DNA advanced human knowledge in a way comparable to the major theories in physics, surpassed only by discoveries such as fire or the number zero. However, it also created conceptual shortcuts, beliefs and misunderstandings that obscure the natural phenomena, hindering its better understanding. The deep conviction that no human knowledge is perfect, but only perfectible, should function as a fair safeguard against scientific dogmatism and enable open discussion. With this aim, this book will offer to its readers 30 chapters on current trends in the field of DNA replication. As several contributions in this book show, the study of DNA will continue for a while to be a leading front of scientific activities.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-593-8",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4470-0",doi:"10.5772/791",price:159,priceEur:175,priceUsd:205,slug:"dna-replication-current-advances",numberOfPages:710,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!0,hash:"7098366ef9c3671e3699a9528f8a310c",bookSignature:"Herve Seligmann",publishedDate:"August 1st 2011",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/267.jpg",numberOfDownloads:103217,numberOfWosCitations:102,numberOfCrossrefCitations:26,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:7,numberOfDimensionsCitations:98,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:8,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:226,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"October 27th 2010",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"November 24th 2010",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"March 31st 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"April 30th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"June 29th 2011",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"118814",title:"Dr.",name:"Herve",middleName:null,surname:"Seligmann",slug:"herve-seligmann",fullName:"Herve Seligmann",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/118814/images/6336_n.jpg",biography:"Hervé Seligmann\\'s focus on mitochondrial DNA developed when searching for molecular mechanisms explaining developmental stability in lizards, a major topic in his PhD thesis. He described already >5 molecular processes affecting whole organism morphology and life history traits. This lead to uncover 4 types of cryptic coding systems, which he describes for vertebrate mitochondria. These range from switches between alternative genetic codes (mainly stop codon translation), expanded codons, and several alternative transcriptions, based on systematic alterations of the template DNA (research ongoing).",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"University of Chicago",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"400",title:"Molecular Genetics",slug:"human-genetics-molecular-genetics"}],chapters:[{id:"16928",title:"DNA Structure: Alphabet Soup for the Cellular Soul",doi:"10.5772/18536",slug:"dna-structure-alphabet-soup-for-the-cellular-soul",totalDownloads:7733,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:null,signatures:"P. Shing Ho and Megan Carter",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16928",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16928",authors:[{id:"31787",title:"Prof.",name:"Pui",surname:"Ho",slug:"pui-ho",fullName:"Pui Ho"},{id:"48097",title:"Ms.",name:"Megan",surname:"Cater",slug:"megan-cater",fullName:"Megan Cater"}],corrections:null},{id:"16929",title:"Replication Demands an Amendment of the Double Helix",doi:"10.5772/23529",slug:"replication-demands-an-amendment-of-the-double-helix",totalDownloads:4220,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"You Cheng Xu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16929",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16929",authors:[{id:"52378",title:"Dr.",name:"You Cheng",surname:"Xu",slug:"you-cheng-xu",fullName:"You Cheng Xu"}],corrections:null},{id:"16930",title:"Phosphorothioation: An Unusual Post-Replicative Modification on the DNA Backbone",doi:"10.5772/22509",slug:"phosphorothioation-an-unusual-post-replicative-modification-on-the-dna-backbone",totalDownloads:2995,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:8,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:null,signatures:"Lianrong Wang, Shi Chen and Zixin Deng",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16930",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16930",authors:[{id:"47966",title:"Prof.",name:"Zixin",surname:"Deng",slug:"zixin-deng",fullName:"Zixin Deng"},{id:"86737",title:"Prof.",name:"Lianrong",surname:"Wang",slug:"lianrong-wang",fullName:"Lianrong Wang"},{id:"86739",title:"Prof.",name:"Shi",surname:"Chen",slug:"shi-chen",fullName:"Shi Chen"}],corrections:null},{id:"16931",title:"Mitosis and DNA Replication and Life Origination Hydrate Hypotheses: Common Physical and Chemical Grounds",doi:"10.5772/19149",slug:"mitosis-and-dna-replication-and-life-origination-hydrate-hypotheses-common-physical-and-chemical-gro",totalDownloads:2885,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Ostrovskii Victor E. and Kadyshevich Elena A.",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16931",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16931",authors:[{id:"33841",title:"Dr.",name:"Victor",surname:"Ostrovskii",slug:"victor-ostrovskii",fullName:"Victor Ostrovskii"},{id:"48237",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",surname:"Kadyshevich",slug:"elena-kadyshevich",fullName:"Elena Kadyshevich"}],corrections:null},{id:"16932",title:"Strand-specific Composition Bias in Bacterial Genomes",doi:"10.5772/18554",slug:"strand-specific-composition-bias-in-bacterial-genomes",totalDownloads:2889,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Feng-Biao Guo and Lu-Wen Ning",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16932",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16932",authors:[{id:"31838",title:"Prof.",name:"Feng-Biao",surname:"Guo",slug:"feng-biao-guo",fullName:"Feng-Biao Guo"},{id:"46846",title:"Mr.",name:"Lu-Wen",surname:"Ning",slug:"lu-wen-ning",fullName:"Lu-Wen Ning"}],corrections:null},{id:"16933",title:"Mutation Patterns Due to Converging Mitochondrial Replication and Transcription Increase Lifespan, and Cause Growth Rate-Longevity Tradeoffs",doi:"10.5772/24319",slug:"mutation-patterns-due-to-converging-mitochondrial-replication-and-transcription-increase-lifespan-an",totalDownloads:2441,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:28,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Hervé Seligmann",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16933",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16933",authors:[{id:"118814",title:"Dr.",name:"Herve",surname:"Seligmann",slug:"herve-seligmann",fullName:"Herve Seligmann"}],corrections:null},{id:"16934",title:"Mitochondrial DNA Replication in Health and Disease",doi:"10.5772/19162",slug:"mitochondrial-dna-replication-in-health-and-disease",totalDownloads:3233,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Nadezda Apostolova and Juan V. Esplugues",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16934",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16934",authors:[{id:"33886",title:"Dr.",name:"Nadezda",surname:"Apostolova",slug:"nadezda-apostolova",fullName:"Nadezda Apostolova"},{id:"47801",title:"Prof.",name:"Juan V.",surname:"Esplugues",slug:"juan-v.-esplugues",fullName:"Juan V. Esplugues"}],corrections:null},{id:"16935",title:"Damage and Replication Stress Responses",doi:"10.5772/21986",slug:"damage-and-replication-stress-responses",totalDownloads:3320,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Haiying Wang, Ping Shen and Wei-Guo Zhu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16935",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16935",authors:[{id:"45763",title:"Prof.",name:"Wei-Guo",surname:"Zhu",slug:"wei-guo-zhu",fullName:"Wei-Guo Zhu"},{id:"52935",title:"Dr.",name:"Hai-Ying",surname:"Wang",slug:"hai-ying-wang",fullName:"Hai-Ying Wang"},{id:"109243",title:"Dr.",name:"Ping",surname:"Shen",slug:"ping-shen",fullName:"Ping Shen"}],corrections:null},{id:"16936",title:"Relationship between Fork Progression and Initiation of Chromosome Replication in E. coli",doi:"10.5772/20400",slug:"relationship-between-fork-progression-and-initiation-of-chromosome-replication-in-e-coli",totalDownloads:2239,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Elena C. Guzmán, Israel Salguero, Carmen Mata Martín, Elena López Acedo, Estrella Guarino, Ma Antonia Sánchez-Romero, Vic Norris and Alfonso Jiménez-Sánchez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16936",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16936",authors:[{id:"38783",title:"Prof.",name:"Elena",surname:"Guzman",slug:"elena-guzman",fullName:"Elena Guzman"},{id:"50175",title:"Prof.",name:"Israel",surname:"Salguero",slug:"israel-salguero",fullName:"Israel Salguero"},{id:"50176",title:"Prof.",name:"Estrella",surname:"Guarino Almeida",slug:"estrella-guarino-almeida",fullName:"Estrella Guarino Almeida"},{id:"50177",title:"Prof.",name:"Elena",surname:"López-Acedo",slug:"elena-lopez-acedo",fullName:"Elena López-Acedo"},{id:"50178",title:"Prof.",name:"María",surname:"Sánchez-Romero",slug:"maria-sanchez-romero",fullName:"María Sánchez-Romero"},{id:"50179",title:"Prof.",name:"Victor",surname:"Norris",slug:"victor-norris",fullName:"Victor Norris"},{id:"50180",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso",surname:"Jiménez-Sánchez",slug:"alfonso-jimenez-sanchez",fullName:"Alfonso Jiménez-Sánchez"},{id:"67145",title:"Prof.",name:"Carmen",surname:"Mata Martín",slug:"carmen-mata-martin",fullName:"Carmen Mata Martín"}],corrections:null},{id:"16937",title:"Replication Origin Selection and Pre-Replication Complex Assembly",doi:"10.5772/21485",slug:"replication-origin-selection-and-pre-replication-complex-assembly",totalDownloads:3089,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Kusic-Tisma Jelena and Stefanovic Dragana",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16937",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16937",authors:[{id:"43279",title:"Dr.",name:"Jelena",surname:"Kusic-Tisma",slug:"jelena-kusic-tisma",fullName:"Jelena Kusic-Tisma"},{id:"49259",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragana",surname:"Stefanovic",slug:"dragana-stefanovic",fullName:"Dragana Stefanovic"}],corrections:null},{id:"16938",title:"The Coordination between DNA Replication Initiation and Other Cell Cycle Events",doi:"10.5772/21646",slug:"the-coordination-between-dna-replication-initiation-and-other-cell-cycle-events",totalDownloads:3830,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Shijiao Huang and Chuanmao Zhang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16938",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16938",authors:[{id:"44119",title:"Prof.",name:"Chuanmao",surname:"Zhang",slug:"chuanmao-zhang",fullName:"Chuanmao Zhang"},{id:"50637",title:"MSc.",name:"Shijiao",surname:"Huang",slug:"shijiao-huang",fullName:"Shijiao Huang"}],corrections:null},{id:"16939",title:"The Organisation of Replisomes",doi:"10.5772/18401",slug:"the-organisation-of-replisomes",totalDownloads:3237,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Anna Ligasová and Karel Koberna",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16939",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16939",authors:[{id:"31390",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",surname:"Ligasová",slug:"anna-ligasova",fullName:"Anna Ligasová"},{id:"31392",title:"Dr.",name:"Karel",surname:"Koberna",slug:"karel-koberna",fullName:"Karel Koberna"}],corrections:null},{id:"16940",title:"Eukaryotic Replication Barriers: How, Why and Where Forks Stall",doi:"10.5772/20383",slug:"eukaryotic-replication-barriers-how-why-and-where-forks-stall",totalDownloads:3966,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:12,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Jacob Z. Dalgaard, Emma L. Godfrey and Ramsay J. MacFarlane",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16940",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16940",authors:[{id:"37092",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramsay",surname:"McFarlane",slug:"ramsay-mcfarlane",fullName:"Ramsay McFarlane"},{id:"38679",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacob",surname:"Dalgaard",slug:"jacob-dalgaard",fullName:"Jacob Dalgaard"}],corrections:null},{id:"16941",title:"Control of Telomeric DNA Replication: Genetics, Molecular Biology, and Physiology",doi:"10.5772/18551",slug:"control-of-telomeric-dna-replication-genetics-molecular-biology-and-physiology",totalDownloads:4444,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Akira Matsuura and Aiko Matsui",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16941",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16941",authors:[{id:"31831",title:"Prof.",name:"Akira",surname:"Matsuura",slug:"akira-matsuura",fullName:"Akira Matsuura"},{id:"46855",title:"MSc",name:"Aiko",surname:"Matsui",slug:"aiko-matsui",fullName:"Aiko Matsui"}],corrections:null},{id:"16942",title:"Telomere Maintenance in Organisms without Telomerase",doi:"10.5772/19348",slug:"telomere-maintenance-in-organisms-without-telomerase",totalDownloads:3387,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:18,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"James M. Mason, Hemakumar M. Reddy and Radmila Capkova Frydrychova",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16942",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16942",authors:[{id:"34627",title:"Dr.",name:"James",surname:"Mason",slug:"james-mason",fullName:"James Mason"},{id:"47444",title:"Dr.",name:"Hemakumar",surname:"Reddy",slug:"hemakumar-reddy",fullName:"Hemakumar Reddy"},{id:"47445",title:"Mr.",name:"Radmila",surname:"Capkova Frydrychova",slug:"radmila-capkova-frydrychova",fullName:"Radmila Capkova Frydrychova"}],corrections:null},{id:"16943",title:"Eukaryote DNA Replication and Recombination: an Intimate Association",doi:"10.5772/19995",slug:"eukaryote-dna-replication-and-recombination-an-intimate-association",totalDownloads:3141,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Ramsay J. McFarlane, Khalid Al-Zeer and Jacob Z. Dalgaard",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16943",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16943",authors:[{id:"37092",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramsay",surname:"McFarlane",slug:"ramsay-mcfarlane",fullName:"Ramsay McFarlane"},{id:"38679",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacob",surname:"Dalgaard",slug:"jacob-dalgaard",fullName:"Jacob Dalgaard"},{id:"50244",title:"Mr.",name:"Khalid",surname:"Al-Zeer",slug:"khalid-al-zeer",fullName:"Khalid Al-Zeer"}],corrections:null},{id:"16944",title:"Cell Cycle Regulation of DNA Replication in S. cerevisiae",doi:"10.5772/19055",slug:"cell-cycle-regulation-of-dna-replication-in-s-cerevisiae",totalDownloads:4289,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Jorrit M. Enserink",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16944",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16944",authors:[{id:"33415",title:"Dr.",name:"Jorrit M.",surname:"Enserink",slug:"jorrit-m.-enserink",fullName:"Jorrit M. Enserink"}],corrections:null},{id:"16945",title:"Free Histones and the Cell Cycle",doi:"10.5772/22330",slug:"free-histones-and-the-cell-cycle",totalDownloads:5395,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Douglas Maya, Macarena Morillo-Huesca, Sebastián Chávez and Mari-Cruz Muñoz-Centeno",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16945",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16945",authors:[{id:"47289",title:"Dr.",name:"Mari Cruz",surname:"Muñoz-Centeno",slug:"mari-cruz-munoz-centeno",fullName:"Mari Cruz Muñoz-Centeno"},{id:"57750",title:"MSc.",name:"Douglas",surname:"Maya",slug:"douglas-maya",fullName:"Douglas Maya"},{id:"57751",title:"Dr.",name:"Macarena",surname:"Morillo-Huesca",slug:"macarena-morillo-huesca",fullName:"Macarena Morillo-Huesca"},{id:"57752",title:"Prof.",name:"Sebastian",surname:"Chavez",slug:"sebastian-chavez",fullName:"Sebastian Chavez"}],corrections:null},{id:"16946",title:"Involvement of Linker Histones in the Regulation of Replication Timing",doi:"10.5772/19620",slug:"nvolvement-of-linker-histones-in-the-regulation-of-replication-timing",totalDownloads:2200,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Christophe Thiriet, Gwenola Auda-Boucher and Yvonnick Chéraud",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16946",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16946",authors:[{id:"35593",title:"Dr.",name:"Christophe",surname:"Thiriet",slug:"christophe-thiriet",fullName:"Christophe Thiriet"},{id:"62335",title:"Dr.",name:"Gwenola",surname:"Auda-Boucher",slug:"gwenola-auda-boucher",fullName:"Gwenola Auda-Boucher"},{id:"62336",title:"Dr.",name:"Yvonnick",surname:"Chéraud",slug:"yvonnick-cheraud",fullName:"Yvonnick Chéraud"}],corrections:null},{id:"16947",title:"Replication Timing: Evolution, Nuclear Organization and Relevance for Human Disease",doi:"10.5772/23081",slug:"replication-timing-evolution-nuclear-organization-and-relevance-for-human-disease",totalDownloads:2779,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Megan Lynne Wright and Frank Grützner",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16947",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16947",authors:[{id:"50470",title:"Dr.",name:"Frank",surname:"Grutzner",slug:"frank-grutzner",fullName:"Frank Grutzner"},{id:"51395",title:"BSc",name:"Megan Lynne",surname:"Wright",slug:"megan-lynne-wright",fullName:"Megan Lynne Wright"}],corrections:null},{id:"16948",title:"The Silencing Face of DNA Replication: Gene Repression Mediated by DNA Replication Factors",doi:"10.5772/19551",slug:"the-silencing-face-of-dna-replication-gene-repression-mediated-by-dna-replication-factors",totalDownloads:2384,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:null,signatures:"Patricia Chisamore-Robert, Daniel Jeffery and Krassimir Yankulov",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16948",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16948",authors:[{id:"35323",title:"Prof.",name:"Krassimir",surname:"Yankulov",slug:"krassimir-yankulov",fullName:"Krassimir Yankulov"},{id:"49645",title:"Mr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Jeffery",slug:"daniel-jeffery",fullName:"Daniel Jeffery"},{id:"49646",title:"Ms.",name:"Patricia",surname:"Chisamore-Robert",slug:"patricia-chisamore-robert",fullName:"Patricia Chisamore-Robert"}],corrections:null},{id:"16949",title:"Faithful DNA Replication Requires Regulation of CDK Activity by Checkpoint Kinases",doi:"10.5772/18616",slug:"faithful-dna-replication-requires-regulation-of-cdk-activity-by-checkpoint-kinases",totalDownloads:2808,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Claus Storgaard Sørensen, Halfdan Beck, Viola Nähse-Kumpf and Randi G. Syljuåsen",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16949",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16949",authors:[{id:"32018",title:"Dr.",name:"Claus",surname:"Sørensen",slug:"claus-sorensen",fullName:"Claus Sørensen"},{id:"51208",title:"Mr.",name:"Halfdan",surname:"Beck",slug:"halfdan-beck",fullName:"Halfdan Beck"},{id:"51209",title:"Prof.",name:"Randi",surname:"Syljuåsen",slug:"randi-syljuasen",fullName:"Randi Syljuåsen"},{id:"103105",title:"Mrs.",name:"Viola",surname:"Nähse-Kumpf",slug:"viola-nahse-kumpf",fullName:"Viola Nähse-Kumpf"}],corrections:null},{id:"16950",title:"Regulation of the G1/S Transition in Adult Liver: Expression and Activation of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Cdk1 in Differentiated Hepatocytes is Controlled by Extracellular Signals and is Crucial for Commitment to DNA Replication",doi:"10.5772/19631",slug:"regulation-of-the-g1-s-transition-in-adult-liver-expression-and-activation-of-the-cyclin-dependent-k",totalDownloads:2749,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Loyer Pascal and Corlu Anne",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16950",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16950",authors:[{id:"35638",title:"Mrs.",name:"Anne",surname:"Corlu",slug:"anne-corlu",fullName:"Anne Corlu"},{id:"49777",title:"Mr.",name:"Pascal",surname:"Loyer",slug:"pascal-loyer",fullName:"Pascal Loyer"}],corrections:null},{id:"16951",title:"Binding of Human MCM-BP with MCM2-7 Proteins",doi:"10.5772/19654",slug:"binding-of-human-mcm-bp-with-mcm2-7-proteins",totalDownloads:2486,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Ryoko Kon, Shunsuke Kusunoki, Naohito Nozaki and Yukio Ishimi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16951",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16951",authors:[{id:"35711",title:"Prof.",name:"Yukio",surname:"Ishimi",slug:"yukio-ishimi",fullName:"Yukio Ishimi"},{id:"48693",title:"Ms.",name:"Ryoko",surname:"Kon",slug:"ryoko-kon",fullName:"Ryoko Kon"},{id:"48695",title:"Mr.",name:"Shunsuke",surname:"Kusunoki",slug:"shunsuke-kusunoki",fullName:"Shunsuke Kusunoki"},{id:"48696",title:"Dr.",name:"Naohito",surname:"Nozaki",slug:"naohito-nozaki",fullName:"Naohito Nozaki"}],corrections:null},{id:"16952",title:"DNA Replication in Animal Systems Lacking Thioredoxin Reductase I",doi:"10.5772/22199",slug:"dna-replication-in-animal-systems-lacking-thioredoxin-reductase-i",totalDownloads:2846,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Edward E. Schmidt",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16952",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16952",authors:[{id:"46747",title:"Prof.",name:"Edward",surname:"Schmidt",slug:"edward-schmidt",fullName:"Edward Schmidt"}],corrections:null},{id:"16953",title:"Prevalence of Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus DNA Replication in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients",doi:"10.5772/20972",slug:"prevalence-of-reactivation-of-hepatitis-b-virus-dna-replication-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-patients",totalDownloads:3401,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Yukitomo Urata, Ryoko Uesato and Dai Tanaka",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16953",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16953",authors:[{id:"41260",title:"Dr.",name:"Yukitomo",surname:"Urata",slug:"yukitomo-urata",fullName:"Yukitomo Urata"},{id:"50634",title:"Dr.",name:"Ryoko",surname:"Uesato",slug:"ryoko-uesato",fullName:"Ryoko Uesato"},{id:"50635",title:"Dr.",name:"Dai",surname:"Tanaka",slug:"dai-tanaka",fullName:"Dai Tanaka"}],corrections:null},{id:"16954",title:"Oncogenic Aspects of HPV Infections of the Female Genital Tract",doi:"10.5772/19165",slug:"oncogenic-aspects-of-hpv-infections-of-the-female-genital-tract",totalDownloads:2965,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Josko Zekan, Maja Sirotkovic-Skerlev and Mihael Skerlev",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16954",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16954",authors:[{id:"33907",title:"Dr.",name:"Josko",surname:"Zekan",slug:"josko-zekan",fullName:"Josko Zekan"},{id:"48890",title:"Prof.",name:"Maja",surname:"Sirotkovic-Skerlev",slug:"maja-sirotkovic-skerlev",fullName:"Maja Sirotkovic-Skerlev"},{id:"48891",title:"Prof.",name:"Mihael",surname:"Skerlev",slug:"mihael-skerlev",fullName:"Mihael Skerlev"}],corrections:null},{id:"16955",title:"The Role of E2 Proteins in Papillomavirus DNA Replication",doi:"10.5772/19609",slug:"the-role-of-e2-proteins-in-papillomavirus-dna-replication",totalDownloads:6011,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Reet Kurg",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16955",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16955",authors:[{id:"35560",title:"Dr.",name:"Reet",surname:"Kurg",slug:"reet-kurg",fullName:"Reet Kurg"}],corrections:null},{id:"16956",title:"Topoisomerase I and II Expression in Recurrent Colorectal Cancer Cells: A Dubious Matter",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.84014",slug:"topoisomerase-i-and-ii-expression-in-recurrent-colorectal-cancer-cells-a-dubious-matter",totalDownloads:2865,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Panagiotis Gouveris, Elias Skopelitis and Nicolas Tsavaris",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16956",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16956",authors:[{id:"43625",title:"Prof.",name:"Nicolas",surname:"Tsavaris",slug:"nicolas-tsavaris",fullName:"Nicolas Tsavaris"},{id:"50393",title:"Dr.",name:"Panagiotis",surname:"Gouveris",slug:"panagiotis-gouveris",fullName:"Panagiotis Gouveris"},{id:"50394",title:"Dr.",name:"Elias",surname:"Skopelitis",slug:"elias-skopelitis",fullName:"Elias Skopelitis"}],corrections:null},{id:"16957",title:"Bacterial Genetics of Large Mammalian DNA Viruses: Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes as a Prerequisite for Efficiently Studying Viral DNA Replication and Functions",doi:"10.5772/18592",slug:"bacterial-genetics-of-large-mammalian-dna-viruses-bacterial-artificial-chromosomes-as-a-prerequisite",totalDownloads:2990,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Felix Wussow, Tanja Spieckermann, Anne Brunnemann, Linda Hüske, Tuna Toptan and Helmut Fickenscher",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/16957",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/16957",authors:[{id:"31956",title:"Prof.",name:"Helmut",surname:"Fickenscher",slug:"helmut-fickenscher",fullName:"Helmut Fickenscher"},{id:"50263",title:"MSc.",name:"Anne",surname:"Brunnemann",slug:"anne-brunnemann",fullName:"Anne Brunnemann"},{id:"50264",title:"MSc.",name:"Linda",surname:"Hueske",slug:"linda-hueske",fullName:"Linda Hueske"},{id:"50265",title:"MSc.",name:"Tanja",surname:"Spieckermann",slug:"tanja-spieckermann",fullName:"Tanja Spieckermann"},{id:"50266",title:"Dr.",name:"Tuna",surname:"Toptan",slug:"tuna-toptan",fullName:"Tuna Toptan"},{id:"50267",title:"Dr.",name:"Felix",surname:"Wussow",slug:"felix-wussow",fullName:"Felix Wussow"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6684",title:"Mitochondrial DNA",subtitle:"New Insights",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"326a9354db0c23d8a26659e8a0c26872",slug:"mitochondrial-dna-new-insights",bookSignature:"Hervé Seligmann",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6684.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"118814",title:"Dr.",name:"Herve",surname:"Seligmann",slug:"herve-seligmann",fullName:"Herve Seligmann"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3141",title:"Apoptosis and Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"42aa17cdb57c3b0a54443cc3dadddaaf",slug:"apoptosis-and-medicine",bookSignature:"Tobias M. Ntuli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3141.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"96243",title:"Dr.",name:"Tobias",surname:"Ntuli",slug:"tobias-ntuli",fullName:"Tobias Ntuli"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"342",title:"Genetic Transformation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"458f41f1953f32c1ada346898c78b031",slug:"genetic-transformation",bookSignature:"María Alvarez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/342.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62781",title:"Prof.",name:"María",surname:"Alvarez",slug:"maria-alvarez",fullName:"María Alvarez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"723",title:"Meiosis",subtitle:"Molecular Mechanisms and Cytogenetic Diversity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2943f3b51b4256fe3a7d949e8488b6c1",slug:"meiosis-molecular-mechanisms-and-cytogenetic-diversity",bookSignature:"Andrew Swan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/723.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"119027",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",surname:"Swan",slug:"andrew-swan",fullName:"Andrew Swan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2569",title:"Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8c0b00cb583f566e77b3e553b1aa5920",slug:"protein-phosphorylation-in-human-health",bookSignature:"Cai Huang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2569.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"142646",title:"Dr.",name:"Cai",surname:"Huang",slug:"cai-huang",fullName:"Cai Huang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1282",title:"DNA Repair",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fd9649a587843768849e0ae8ef79cf35",slug:"dna-repair",bookSignature:"Inna Kruman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1282.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"40791",title:"Dr.",name:"Inna",surname:"Kruman",slug:"inna-kruman",fullName:"Inna Kruman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"835",title:"Viral Genomes",subtitle:"Molecular Structure, Diversity, Gene Expression Mechanisms and Host-Virus Interactions",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"18304f62e2e54bf78671783e00fff538",slug:"viral-genomes-molecular-structure-diversity-gene-expression-mechanisms-and-host-virus-interactions",bookSignature:"Maria Laura Garcia and Victor Romanowski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/835.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"66923",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria",surname:"Garcia",slug:"maria-garcia",fullName:"Maria Garcia"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"346",title:"DNA Repair",subtitle:"On the Pathways to Fixing DNA Damage and Errors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"962f1357bb182c3d5e01b7cac964f529",slug:"dna-repair-on-the-pathways-to-fixing-dna-damage-and-errors",bookSignature:"Francesca Storici",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/346.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"40385",title:"Dr.",name:"Francesca",surname:"Storici",slug:"francesca-storici",fullName:"Francesca Storici"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2518",title:"Binding Protein",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6e70c7a9b0007d8f78ae4f3effba9664",slug:"binding-protein",bookSignature:"Kotb Abdelmohsen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2518.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"144861",title:"Dr.",name:"Kotb",surname:"Abdelmohsen",slug:"kotb-abdelmohsen",fullName:"Kotb Abdelmohsen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1967",title:"Molecular Interactions",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"522b62bf32423a57eeceb0bf150e5a66",slug:"molecular-interactions",bookSignature:"Aurelia Meghea",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1967.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"104880",title:"Prof.",name:"Aurelia",surname:"Meghea",slug:"aurelia-meghea",fullName:"Aurelia Meghea"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"79356",slug:"erratum-neuroplasticity-and-the-auditory-system",title:"Erratum - Neuroplasticity and the Auditory System",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/70918.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70918",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70918",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/70918",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/70918",chapter:{id:"70024",slug:"neuroplasticity-and-the-auditory-system",signatures:"Caroline Donadon, Stavros Hatzopoulos, Piotr Henry Skarzynski and Milaine Dominici Sanfins",dateSubmitted:"September 5th 2018",dateReviewed:"October 10th 2019",datePrePublished:"November 12th 2019",datePublished:"January 8th 2020",book:{id:"7894",title:"The Human Auditory System",subtitle:"Basic Features and Updates on Audiological Diagnosis and Therapy",fullTitle:"The Human Auditory System - Basic Features and Updates on Audiological Diagnosis and Therapy",slug:"the-human-auditory-system-basic-features-and-updates-on-audiological-diagnosis-and-therapy",publishedDate:"January 8th 2020",bookSignature:"Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba and Piotr H. Skarzynski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7894.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"174266",title:"Prof.",name:"Stavros",middleName:null,surname:"Hatzopoulos",slug:"stavros-hatzopoulos",fullName:"Stavros Hatzopoulos"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"174266",title:"Prof.",name:"Stavros",middleName:null,surname:"Hatzopoulos",fullName:"Stavros Hatzopoulos",slug:"stavros-hatzopoulos",email:"sdh1@unife.it",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Ferrara",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"194610",title:"Prof.",name:"Milaine",middleName:"Dominici",surname:"Sanfins",fullName:"Milaine Sanfins",slug:"milaine-sanfins",email:"msanfins@uol.com.br",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Ferrara",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"273125",title:"Mrs.",name:"Caroline",middleName:null,surname:"Donadon",fullName:"Caroline Donadon",slug:"caroline-donadon",email:"msanfins@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"70024",slug:"neuroplasticity-and-the-auditory-system",signatures:"Caroline Donadon, Stavros Hatzopoulos, Piotr Henry Skarzynski and Milaine Dominici Sanfins",dateSubmitted:"September 5th 2018",dateReviewed:"October 10th 2019",datePrePublished:"November 12th 2019",datePublished:"January 8th 2020",book:{id:"7894",title:"The Human Auditory System",subtitle:"Basic Features and Updates on Audiological Diagnosis and Therapy",fullTitle:"The Human Auditory System - Basic Features and Updates on Audiological Diagnosis and Therapy",slug:"the-human-auditory-system-basic-features-and-updates-on-audiological-diagnosis-and-therapy",publishedDate:"January 8th 2020",bookSignature:"Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba and Piotr H. Skarzynski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7894.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"174266",title:"Prof.",name:"Stavros",middleName:null,surname:"Hatzopoulos",slug:"stavros-hatzopoulos",fullName:"Stavros Hatzopoulos"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"174266",title:"Prof.",name:"Stavros",middleName:null,surname:"Hatzopoulos",fullName:"Stavros Hatzopoulos",slug:"stavros-hatzopoulos",email:"sdh1@unife.it",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Ferrara",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"194610",title:"Prof.",name:"Milaine",middleName:"Dominici",surname:"Sanfins",fullName:"Milaine Sanfins",slug:"milaine-sanfins",email:"msanfins@uol.com.br",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Ferrara",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"273125",title:"Mrs.",name:"Caroline",middleName:null,surname:"Donadon",fullName:"Caroline Donadon",slug:"caroline-donadon",email:"msanfins@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"7894",title:"The Human Auditory System",subtitle:"Basic Features and Updates on Audiological Diagnosis and Therapy",fullTitle:"The Human Auditory System - Basic Features and Updates on Audiological Diagnosis and Therapy",slug:"the-human-auditory-system-basic-features-and-updates-on-audiological-diagnosis-and-therapy",publishedDate:"January 8th 2020",bookSignature:"Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba and Piotr H. Skarzynski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7894.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"174266",title:"Prof.",name:"Stavros",middleName:null,surname:"Hatzopoulos",slug:"stavros-hatzopoulos",fullName:"Stavros Hatzopoulos"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"10990",leadTitle:null,title:"Multiplexing",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Novel Applications",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"The idea of sharing a medium between signals originated sometime in the late 18th century and first appeared in wired telephone systems in the United States in the early 19th century. Multiplexing (MUX), a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium, increases the capacity of the communication channel by dividing it into several logical channels, one for each message signal or data stream to be transferred. On the receiver side, the reverse process known as de-multiplexing (DEMUX) helps to extract the original channel. This book examines recent advances and novel applications in MUX and DEMUX. It discusses how MUX is applied in free-space optics (FSO) applications and how 5G and 6G signals benefit from MUX, among other topics.",isbn:"978-1-80355-052-7",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-051-0",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-053-4",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95684",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"multiplexing-recent-advances-and-novel-applications",numberOfPages:140,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"f7087bb097e43cc25997790b009fb77a",bookSignature:"Somayeh Mohammady",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10990.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:490,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,numberOfTotalCitations:0,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"June 18th 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"July 16th 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"September 14th 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"December 3rd 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"February 1st 2022",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"a year",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. Somayeh Mohammady obtained her Ph.D.from University Putra Malaysia and was previously a Research Fellow at CONNECT in Maynooth University. Dr. Mohammady is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"109280",title:"Dr.",name:"Somayeh",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammady",slug:"somayeh-mohammady",fullName:"Somayeh Mohammady",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/109280/images/system/109280.jpg",biography:"Somayeh Mohammady holds a bachelor’s degree in Electronic Engineering (Robotics), as well as an MSc and Ph.D. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). She has industrial experience working at Teta, Tabesh Tablou Company, and Symmid Corporation Sdn. Bhd. She also worked as a postdoctoral researcher from 2012 to 2019. Dr. Mohammady is a lecturer at Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin). Her research interests include power amplifier linearization, signals processing for multicarrier signals, and Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), also known as Crest Factor Reduction (CFR).",institutionString:"Technological University Dublin",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:{name:"Technological University Dublin",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Ireland"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1368",title:"Telecommunication",slug:"information-and-communication-telecommunication"}],chapters:[{id:"81932",title:"Waveguide Amplifier for Extended Reach of WDM/FSO",slug:"waveguide-amplifier-for-extended-reach-of-wdm-fso",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"424338",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Bentahar",surname:"Attaouia",slug:"bentahar-attaouia",fullName:"Bentahar Attaouia"},{id:"424459",title:"Prof.",name:"Kandouci",surname:"Malika",slug:"kandouci-malika",fullName:"Kandouci Malika"},{id:"424460",title:"Dr.",name:"Ghouali",surname:"Samir",slug:"ghouali-samir",fullName:"Ghouali Samir"},{id:"475618",title:"Dr.",name:"Dinar",surname:"Amina Elbatoul",slug:"dinar-amina-elbatoul",fullName:"Dinar Amina Elbatoul"}]},{id:"82443",title:"Phase Noise in OFDM",slug:"phase-noise-in-ofdm",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"275459",title:"Ms.",name:"Kamayani",surname:"Shrivastav",slug:"kamayani-shrivastav",fullName:"Kamayani Shrivastav"}]},{id:"79832",title:"Multiplexing, Transmission and De-Multiplexing of OAM Modes through Specialty Fibers",slug:"multiplexing-transmission-and-de-multiplexing-of-oam-modes-through-specialty-fibers",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"202732",title:"Dr.",name:"Habib",surname:"Fathallah",slug:"habib-fathallah",fullName:"Habib Fathallah"},{id:"303356",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohsen",surname:"Machhout",slug:"mohsen-machhout",fullName:"Mohsen Machhout"},{id:"354712",title:"Dr.",name:"Alaaeddine",surname:"Rjeb",slug:"alaaeddine-rjeb",fullName:"Alaaeddine Rjeb"}]},{id:"81212",title:"Triple-Hop Hybrid FSO/mmW Based Backhaul Communication System for Wireless Networks Applications of 5G and beyond",slug:"triple-hop-hybrid-fso-mmw-based-backhaul-communication-system-for-wireless-networks-applications-of-",totalDownloads:26,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"227785",title:"Dr.",name:"Bharati",surname:"Bidikar",slug:"bharati-bidikar",fullName:"Bharati Bidikar"},{id:"227794",title:"Prof.",name:"Gottapu",surname:"Sasibhushana Rao",slug:"gottapu-sasibhushana-rao",fullName:"Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao"},{id:"435801",title:"Dr.",name:"Mogadala",surname:"Vinod Kumar",slug:"mogadala-vinod-kumar",fullName:"Mogadala Vinod Kumar"},{id:"448419",title:"Mrs.",name:"Yenneti",surname:"Laxmi Lavanya",slug:"yenneti-laxmi-lavanya",fullName:"Yenneti Laxmi Lavanya"}]},{id:"80194",title:"NOMA Transmission Systems: Overview of SIC Design and New Findings",slug:"noma-transmission-systems-overview-of-sic-design-and-new-findings",totalDownloads:117,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"42898",title:"Prof.",name:"Valeri",surname:"Kontorovich",slug:"valeri-kontorovich",fullName:"Valeri Kontorovich"},{id:"121596",title:"Dr.",name:"Carmen Beatriz",surname:"Rodriguez Estrello",slug:"carmen-beatriz-rodriguez-estrello",fullName:"Carmen Beatriz Rodriguez Estrello"},{id:"214491",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",surname:"Ramos-Alarcon",slug:"fernando-ramos-alarcon",fullName:"Fernando Ramos-Alarcon"}]},{id:"79928",title:"Multiplexing Techniques for Applications Based-on 5G Systems",slug:"multiplexing-techniques-for-applications-based-on-5g-systems",totalDownloads:312,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"427589",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Nguyen",surname:"Huu Trung",slug:"nguyen-huu-trung",fullName:"Nguyen Huu Trung"}]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"278926",firstName:"Ivana",lastName:"Barac",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/278926/images/8058_n.jpg",email:"ivana.b@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8383",title:"Multiplexing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"57b7f473289c825517f17b8e18d893fc",slug:"multiplexing",bookSignature:"Somayeh Mohammady",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8383.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109280",title:"Dr.",name:"Somayeh",surname:"Mohammady",slug:"somayeh-mohammady",fullName:"Somayeh Mohammady"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10065",title:"Wavelet Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8868e332169597ba2182d9b004d60de",slug:"wavelet-theory",bookSignature:"Somayeh Mohammady",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10065.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109280",title:"Dr.",name:"Somayeh",surname:"Mohammady",slug:"somayeh-mohammady",fullName:"Somayeh Mohammady"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3720",title:"New Trends in Technologies",subtitle:"Devices, Computer, Communication and Industrial Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"new-trends-in-technologies--devices--computer--communication-and-industrial-systems",bookSignature:"Meng Joo Er",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3720.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"121366",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhichao",surname:"Lian",slug:"zhichao-lian",fullName:"Zhichao Lian"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5740",title:"Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"10f605202aae0cd293bfc2b4e5027e5c",slug:"smartphones-from-an-applied-research-perspective",bookSignature:"Nawaz Mohamudally",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5740.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"119486",title:"Dr.",name:"Nawaz",surname:"Mohamudally",slug:"nawaz-mohamudally",fullName:"Nawaz Mohamudally"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3639",title:"New Advanced Technologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"new-advanced-technologies",bookSignature:"Aleksandar Lazinica",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3639.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3617",title:"Recent Advances in Technologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"recent-advances-in-technologies",bookSignature:"Maurizio A Strangio",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3617.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"2466",title:"Dr.",name:"Maurizio Adriano",surname:"Strangio",slug:"maurizio-adriano-strangio",fullName:"Maurizio Adriano Strangio"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6321",title:"Broadband Communications Networks",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Lessons from Practice",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6e29995cd9dd6193bd198112d9549f32",slug:"broadband-communications-networks-recent-advances-and-lessons-from-practice",bookSignature:"Abdelfatteh Haidine and Abdelhak Aqqal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6321.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"187242",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdelfatteh",surname:"Haidine",slug:"abdelfatteh-haidine",fullName:"Abdelfatteh Haidine"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7291",title:"Cognitive Radio in 4G/5G Wireless Communication Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"15cb591deb13165af8e0286da414c1bd",slug:"cognitive-radio-in-4g-5g-wireless-communication-systems",bookSignature:"Shahriar Shirvani Moghaddam",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7291.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"185038",title:"Dr.",name:"Shahriar",surname:"Shirvani Moghaddam",slug:"shahriar-shirvani-moghaddam",fullName:"Shahriar Shirvani Moghaddam"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8723",title:"Telecommunication Systems",subtitle:"Principles and Applications of Wireless-Optical Technologies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8bf1ec49936ab44fcdfc9fea042e73d7",slug:"telecommunication-systems-principles-and-applications-of-wireless-optical-technologies",bookSignature:"Isiaka A. Alimi, Paulo P. Monteiro and António L. Teixeira",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8723.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"208236",title:"Dr.",name:"Isiaka",surname:"Alimi",slug:"isiaka-alimi",fullName:"Isiaka Alimi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"31504",title:"Precision Irrigation: Sensor Network Based Irrigation",doi:"10.5772/31909",slug:"precision-irrigation-sensor-network-based-irrigation-to-improve-water-use-efficiency-in-agriculture",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/31504.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/31504",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/31504",totalDownloads:5916,totalViews:215,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:6,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,introChapter:null,impactScore:2,impactScorePercentile:73,impactScoreQuartile:3,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"April 5th 2011",dateReviewed:"September 12th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 9th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/31504",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/31504",book:{id:"2079",slug:"problems-perspectives-and-challenges-of-agricultural-water-management"},signatures:"N. G. Shah ancd Ipsita Das",authors:[{id:"89255",title:"Dr.",name:"Narendra G.",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",fullName:"Narendra G. Shah",slug:"narendra-g.-shah",email:"nshah@iitb.ac.in",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"109328",title:"Dr.",name:"Ipsita",middleName:null,surname:"Das",fullName:"Ipsita Das",slug:"ipsita-das",email:"ipsitdas@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/109328/images/2642_n.jpg",institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"2079",type:"book",title:"Problems, Perspectives and Challenges of Agricultural Water Management",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Problems, Perspectives and Challenges of Agricultural Water Management",slug:"problems-perspectives-and-challenges-of-agricultural-water-management",publishedDate:"March 9th 2012",bookSignature:"Manish Kumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2079.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0117-8",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5233-0",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:90,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"102967",title:"Dr.",name:"Manish",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar",slug:"manish-kumar",fullName:"Manish Kumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"311"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"31494",type:"chapter",title:"Equity in Access to Irrigation Water: A Comparative Analysis of Tube-Well Irrigation System and Conjunctive Irrigation System",slug:"equity-in-access-to-irrigation-water-a-comparative-analysis-of-tube-well-irrigation-system-and-conju",totalDownloads:2539,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Anindita Sarkar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"87717",title:"Dr.",name:"Anindita",middleName:null,surname:"Sarkar",fullName:"Anindita Sarkar",slug:"anindita-sarkar"}]},{id:"31495",type:"chapter",title:"Irrigation Water: Alternative Pricing Schemes Under Uncertain Climatic Conditions",slug:"irrigation-water-alternative-pricing-schemes-under-uncertain-climatic-conditions",totalDownloads:1892,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Gabriele Dono and Luca Giraldo",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"79067",title:"Dr.",name:"Luca",middleName:null,surname:"Giraldo",fullName:"Luca Giraldo",slug:"luca-giraldo"},{id:"79072",title:"Prof.",name:"Gabriele",middleName:null,surname:"Dono",fullName:"Gabriele Dono",slug:"gabriele-dono"}]},{id:"31496",type:"chapter",title:"Irrigation Development: A Food Security and Household Income Perspective",slug:"irrigation-development-food-security-and-household-income-perspective",totalDownloads:4040,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Kenneth Nhundu and Abbyssinia Mushunje",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"84562",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbyssinia",middleName:null,surname:"Mushunje",fullName:"Abbyssinia Mushunje",slug:"abbyssinia-mushunje"}]},{id:"31497",type:"chapter",title:"Water Rights Allocation, Management and Trading in an Irrigation District - A Case Study of Northwestern China",slug:"water-rights-allocation-management-and-trading-in-an-irrigation-district-a-case-study-of-northwester",totalDownloads:2729,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Hang Zheng, Zhongjing Wang, Roger Calow and Yongping Wei",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"85947",title:"Dr.",name:"Hang",middleName:null,surname:"Zheng",fullName:"Hang Zheng",slug:"hang-zheng"}]},{id:"31498",type:"chapter",title:"Effects of Irrigation-Water Pricing on the Profitability of Mediterranean Woody Crops",slug:"effects-of-irrigation-water-pricing-on-the-profitability-of-mediterranean-tree-and-woody-crops",totalDownloads:1642,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"M. A. Fernández-Zamudio, F. Alcon and M. D. De-Miguel",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"87106",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria-Angeles",middleName:null,surname:"Fernandez-Zamudio",fullName:"Maria-Angeles Fernandez-Zamudio",slug:"maria-angeles-fernandez-zamudio"},{id:"87108",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Alcon",fullName:"Francisco Alcon",slug:"francisco-alcon"},{id:"87109",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria-Dolores",middleName:null,surname:"De-Miguel",fullName:"Maria-Dolores De-Miguel",slug:"maria-dolores-de-miguel"}]},{id:"31499",type:"chapter",title:"Irrigation Institutions of Bangladesh: Some Lessons",slug:"irrigation-institutions-of-bangladesh-some-lessons",totalDownloads:4917,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Nasima Tanveer Chowdhury",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76122",title:"Ms.",name:"Nasima",middleName:null,surname:"Chowdhury",fullName:"Nasima Chowdhury",slug:"nasima-chowdhury"}]},{id:"31500",type:"chapter",title:"Modelling Current and Future Pan-European Irrigation Water Demands and Their Impact on Water Resources",slug:"modelling-future-pan-european-irrigation-water-demands-and-their-impact-on-water-availability",totalDownloads:2450,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Tim Aus der Beek, Ellen Kynast and Martina Flörke",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76531",title:"Dr",name:"Tim",middleName:null,surname:"Aus Der Beek",fullName:"Tim Aus Der Beek",slug:"tim-aus-der-beek"}]},{id:"31501",type:"chapter",title:"Basics and Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar as a Tool for Monitoring Irrigation Process",slug:"basics-and-application-of-ground-penetrating-radar-as-a-tool-for-monitoring-irrigation-process",totalDownloads:11284,totalCrossrefCites:15,signatures:"Kazunori Takahashi, Jan Igel, Holger Preetz and Seiichiro Kuroda",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"77296",title:"Dr.",name:"Kazunori",middleName:null,surname:"Takahashi",fullName:"Kazunori Takahashi",slug:"kazunori-takahashi"},{id:"77738",title:"Dr.",name:"Seiichiro",middleName:null,surname:"Kuroda",fullName:"Seiichiro Kuroda",slug:"seiichiro-kuroda"},{id:"77739",title:"Dr.",name:"Jan",middleName:null,surname:"Igel",fullName:"Jan Igel",slug:"jan-igel"},{id:"77740",title:"Dr.",name:"Holger",middleName:null,surname:"Preetz",fullName:"Holger Preetz",slug:"holger-preetz"}]},{id:"31502",type:"chapter",title:"A Low Cost Remote Monitoring Method for Determining Farmer Irrigation Practices and Water Use",slug:"a-low-cost-remote-monitoring-method-for-determining-farmer-irrigation-practices",totalDownloads:2122,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Kristoph-Dietrich Kinzli",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"26575",title:"Dr.",name:"Kristoph-Dietrich",middleName:null,surname:"Kinzli",fullName:"Kristoph-Dietrich Kinzli",slug:"kristoph-dietrich-kinzli"}]},{id:"31503",type:"chapter",title:"Critical Evaluation of Different Techniques for Determining Soil Water Content",slug:"critical-evaluation-of-different-techniques-for-determining-soil-water-content",totalDownloads:4161,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Alejandro Zermeño-González, Juan Munguia-López, Martín Cadena-Zapata, Santos Gabriel Campos-Magaña, Luis Ibarra-Jiménez and Raúl Rodríguez-García",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"83447",title:"PhD.",name:"Alejandro",middleName:null,surname:"Zermeno-Gonzalez",fullName:"Alejandro Zermeno-Gonzalez",slug:"alejandro-zermeno-gonzalez"}]},{id:"31504",type:"chapter",title:"Precision Irrigation: Sensor Network Based Irrigation",slug:"precision-irrigation-sensor-network-based-irrigation-to-improve-water-use-efficiency-in-agriculture",totalDownloads:5916,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"N. G. Shah ancd Ipsita Das",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"89255",title:"Dr.",name:"Narendra G.",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",fullName:"Narendra G. Shah",slug:"narendra-g.-shah"},{id:"109328",title:"Dr.",name:"Ipsita",middleName:null,surname:"Das",fullName:"Ipsita Das",slug:"ipsita-das"}]},{id:"31505",type:"chapter",title:"Using Wireless Sensor Networks for Precision Irrigation Scheduling",slug:"using-sensor-networks-for-precision-irrigation-control",totalDownloads:2937,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"John D. Lea-Cox",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"86163",title:"Prof.",name:"John",middleName:"Derek",surname:"Lea-Cox",fullName:"John Lea-Cox",slug:"john-lea-cox"}]},{id:"31506",type:"chapter",title:"Comparison of Different Irrigation Methods Based on the Parametric Evaluation Approach in West North Ahwaz Plain",slug:"comparison-of-different-irrigation-methods-based-on-the-parametric-evaluation-approach-in-west-north",totalDownloads:4052,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Mohammad Albaji, Saeed Boroomand Nasab and Jabbar Hemadi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76813",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad",middleName:null,surname:"Albaji",fullName:"Mohammad Albaji",slug:"mohammad-albaji"}]},{id:"31507",type:"chapter",title:"Guideline for Groundwater Resource Management Using the GIS Tools in Arid to Semi Arid Climate Regions",slug:"guideline-for-groundwater-resource-management-using-the-gis-tools-in-arid-to-semi-arid-climate-regio",totalDownloads:3390,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Salwa Saidi, Salem Bouri, Brice Anselme and Hamed Ben Dhia",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"81180",title:"Dr.",name:"Salwa",middleName:null,surname:"Saidi",fullName:"Salwa Saidi",slug:"salwa-saidi"},{id:"81294",title:"Prof.",name:"Salem",middleName:null,surname:"Bouri",fullName:"Salem Bouri",slug:"salem-bouri"},{id:"81295",title:"Prof.",name:"Hamed",middleName:null,surname:"Ben Dhia",fullName:"Hamed Ben Dhia",slug:"hamed-ben-dhia"},{id:"81296",title:"Prof.",name:"Brice",middleName:null,surname:"Anselme",fullName:"Brice Anselme",slug:"brice-anselme"}]},{id:"31508",type:"chapter",title:"Soil, Water and Crop Management for Agricultural Profitability and Natural Resources Protection in Salt-Threatened Irrigated Lands",slug:"soil-water-and-crop-management-for-agricultural-profitability-and-natural-resources-protection-in-sa",totalDownloads:2224,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Fernando Visconti and José Miguel de Paz",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"79081",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Visconti",fullName:"Fernando Visconti",slug:"fernando-visconti"},{id:"87216",title:"Dr.",name:"José Miguel",middleName:null,surname:"De Paz",fullName:"José Miguel De Paz",slug:"jose-miguel-de-paz"}]},{id:"31509",type:"chapter",title:"Criteria for Evaluation of Agricultural Land Suitability for Irrigation in Osijek County Croatia",slug:"criteria-for-evaluation-of-agricultural-land-suitability-for-irrigation",totalDownloads:3371,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Lidija Tadić",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"79316",title:"Dr.",name:"Lidija",middleName:null,surname:"Tadić",fullName:"Lidija Tadić",slug:"lidija-tadic"}]},{id:"31510",type:"chapter",title:"Rationalisation of Established Irrigation Systems: Policy and Pitfalls",slug:"rationalization-of-established-irrigation-systems-policy-and-pitfalls",totalDownloads:1932,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Francine Rochford",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"79203",title:"Dr.",name:"Francine",middleName:null,surname:"Rochford",fullName:"Francine Rochford",slug:"francine-rochford"}]},{id:"31511",type:"chapter",title:"Optimal Design or Rehabilitation of an Irrigation Project's Pipe Network",slug:"optimal-design-or-rehabilitation-of-the-irrigation-project-s-pipe-network",totalDownloads:3399,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Milan Cisty",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76540",title:"Dr.",name:"Milan",middleName:null,surname:"Cisty",fullName:"Milan Cisty",slug:"milan-cisty"}]},{id:"31512",type:"chapter",title:"An Algebraic Approach for Controlling Cascade of Reaches in Irrigation Canals",slug:"an-algebraic-approach-for-controlling-cascade-of-reaches-in-irrigation-canals",totalDownloads:1825,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mouhamadou Samsidy Goudiaby, Abdou Sene and Gunilla Kreiss",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"83741",title:"Dr",name:"Abdou",middleName:null,surname:"Sene",fullName:"Abdou Sene",slug:"abdou-sene"},{id:"87652",title:"PhD.",name:"Mouhamadou Samsidy",middleName:null,surname:"Goudiaby",fullName:"Mouhamadou Samsidy Goudiaby",slug:"mouhamadou-samsidy-goudiaby"},{id:"123946",title:"Prof.",name:"Gunilla",middleName:null,surname:"Kreiss",fullName:"Gunilla Kreiss",slug:"gunilla-kreiss"}]},{id:"31513",type:"chapter",title:"Spatial Variability of Field Microtopography and Its Influence on Irrigation Performance",slug:"spatial-variability-of-field-microtopography-and-its-influence-on-irrigation-performance",totalDownloads:1678,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Meijian Bai, Di Xu, Yinong Li and Shaohui Zhang",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"79223",title:"Dr.",name:"Meijian",middleName:null,surname:"Bai",fullName:"Meijian Bai",slug:"meijian-bai"},{id:"84712",title:"Prof.",name:"Di",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",fullName:"Di Xu",slug:"di-xu"},{id:"84713",title:"Prof.",name:"Yinong",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Yinong Li",slug:"yinong-li"},{id:"125083",title:"Dr.",name:"Shaohui",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Shaohui Zhang",slug:"shaohui-zhang"}]},{id:"31514",type:"chapter",title:"Performance of Smallholder Irrigation Schemes in the Vhembe District of South Africa",slug:"performance-of-smallholder-irrigation-schemes-in-the-vhembe-district-of-south-africa",totalDownloads:4783,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Wim Van Averbeke",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"76788",title:"Prof.",name:"Wim",middleName:null,surname:"Van Averbeke",fullName:"Wim Van Averbeke",slug:"wim-van-averbeke"}]},{id:"31515",type:"chapter",title:"Decision Strategies for Soil Water Estimations in Soybean Crops Subjected to No-Tillage and Conventional Systems, in Brazil",slug:"decision-strategies-of-soil-water-substitutio-in-soybean-subjected-to-no-tilleage-and-conventional-s",totalDownloads:2117,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Lucieta G. Martorano, Homero Bergamaschi, Rogério T. de Faria and Genei A. Dalmago",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"79055",title:"Dr.",name:"Lucieta",middleName:"Guerreiro",surname:"Martorano",fullName:"Lucieta Martorano",slug:"lucieta-martorano"},{id:"87316",title:"Dr.",name:"Homero",middleName:null,surname:"Bergamaschi",fullName:"Homero Bergamaschi",slug:"homero-bergamaschi"},{id:"87318",title:"Dr.",name:"Rogério",middleName:null,surname:"Faria",fullName:"Rogério Faria",slug:"rogerio-faria"},{id:"87320",title:"Dr.",name:"Genei",middleName:null,surname:"Dalmago",fullName:"Genei Dalmago",slug:"genei-dalmago"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"3060",title:"Plant Breeding from Laboratories to Fields",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5b517f307caac739435f7fbaed5326ac",slug:"plant-breeding-from-laboratories-to-fields",bookSignature:"Sven Bode Andersen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3060.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"79388",title:"Prof.",name:"Sven Bode",surname:"Andersen",slug:"sven-bode-andersen",fullName:"Sven Bode Andersen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"40396",title:"Genomic in situ Hybridization in Triticeae: A Methodological Approach",slug:"genomic-in-situ-hybridization-in-triticeae-a-methodological-approach",signatures:"Sandra Patussi Brammer, Santelmo Vasconcelos, Liane Balvedi\nPoersch, Ana Rafaela Oliveira and Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal",authors:[{id:"74308",title:"Dr.",name:"Santelmo",middleName:null,surname:"Vasconcelos",fullName:"Santelmo Vasconcelos",slug:"santelmo-vasconcelos"},{id:"160855",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra",middleName:null,surname:"Brammer",fullName:"Sandra Brammer",slug:"sandra-brammer"},{id:"160856",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Christina",middleName:null,surname:"Brasileiro-Vidal",fullName:"Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal",slug:"ana-christina-brasileiro-vidal"},{id:"160857",title:"BSc.",name:"Ana Rafaela",middleName:null,surname:"Oliveira",fullName:"Ana Rafaela Oliveira",slug:"ana-rafaela-oliveira"},{id:"160858",title:"MSc.",name:"Liane Balvedi",middleName:null,surname:"Poersch",fullName:"Liane Balvedi Poersch",slug:"liane-balvedi-poersch"},{id:"165999",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra Patussi",middleName:null,surname:"Brammer",fullName:"Sandra Patussi Brammer",slug:"sandra-patussi-brammer"}]},{id:"44340",title:"SRAP Molecular Marker Technology in Plant Science",slug:"srap-molecular-marker-technology-in-plant-science",signatures:"Genyi Li, Peter B. E. McVetty and Carlos F. Quiros",authors:[{id:"160577",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Genyi",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Genyi Li",slug:"genyi-li"}]},{id:"40178",title:"Molecular Markers and Marker-Assisted Breeding in Plants",slug:"molecular-markers-and-marker-assisted-breeding-in-plants",signatures:"Guo-Liang Jiang",authors:[{id:"158810",title:"Dr.",name:"Guo-Liang",middleName:null,surname:"Jiang",fullName:"Guo-Liang Jiang",slug:"guo-liang-jiang"}]},{id:"44012",title:"Genetic Dissection of Blackleg Resistance Loci in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)",slug:"genetic-dissection-of-blackleg-resistance-loci-in-rapeseed-brassica-napus-l-",signatures:"Harsh Raman, Rosy Raman and Nick Larkan",authors:[{id:"76347",title:"Dr.",name:"Harsh",middleName:null,surname:"Raman",fullName:"Harsh Raman",slug:"harsh-raman"},{id:"166451",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosy",middleName:null,surname:"Raman",fullName:"Rosy Raman",slug:"rosy-raman"},{id:"166452",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicholas",middleName:null,surname:"Larkan",fullName:"Nicholas Larkan",slug:"nicholas-larkan"}]},{id:"44502",title:"Marker Assisted Selection for Common Bean Diseases Improvements in Tanzania: Prospects and Future Needs",slug:"marker-assisted-selection-for-common-bean-diseases-improvements-in-tanzania-prospects-and-future-nee",signatures:"George Muhamba Tryphone, Luseko Amos Chilagane, Deogracious\nProtas, Paul Mbogo Kusolwa and Susan Nchimbi-Msolla",authors:[{id:"157660",title:"M.Sc.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Tryphone",fullName:"George Tryphone",slug:"george-tryphone"},{id:"166366",title:"Dr.",name:"Deogracious",middleName:null,surname:"Protas",fullName:"Deogracious Protas",slug:"deogracious-protas"},{id:"166412",title:"Dr.",name:"Luseko",middleName:null,surname:"Chilagane",fullName:"Luseko Chilagane",slug:"luseko-chilagane"},{id:"166413",title:"Dr.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Kusolwa",fullName:"Paul Kusolwa",slug:"paul-kusolwa"},{id:"166414",title:"Dr.",name:"Susan",middleName:null,surname:"Nchimbi-Msolla",fullName:"Susan Nchimbi-Msolla",slug:"susan-nchimbi-msolla"}]},{id:"44503",title:"Breeding for Drought Resistance Using Whole Plant Architecture — Conventional and Molecular Approach",slug:"breeding-for-drought-resistance-using-whole-plant-architecture-conventional-and-molecular-approach",signatures:"H.E. Shashidhar, Adnan Kanbar, Mahmoud Toorchi, G.M.\nRaveendra, Pavan Kundur, H.S. Vimarsha, Rakhi Soman, Naveen G.\nKumar, Berhanu Dagnaw Bekele and P. Bhavani",authors:[{id:"157332",title:"Dr.",name:"Halagappa",middleName:null,surname:"Shashidhar",fullName:"Halagappa Shashidhar",slug:"halagappa-shashidhar"}]},{id:"44529",title:"Breeding to Improve Symbiotic Effectiveness of Legumes",slug:"breeding-to-improve-symbiotic-effectiveness-of-legumes",signatures:"Vladimir A. Zhukov, Oksana Y. Shtark, Alexey Y. Borisov and Igor A.\nTikhonovich",authors:[{id:"73360",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexey",middleName:"Y.",surname:"Borisov",fullName:"Alexey Borisov",slug:"alexey-borisov"},{id:"81134",title:"Dr.",name:"Vladimir",middleName:null,surname:"Zhukov",fullName:"Vladimir Zhukov",slug:"vladimir-zhukov"},{id:"81139",title:"Dr.",name:"Oksana",middleName:"Yurievna",surname:"Shtark",fullName:"Oksana Shtark",slug:"oksana-shtark"},{id:"81142",title:"Prof.",name:"Igor",middleName:null,surname:"Tikhonovich",fullName:"Igor Tikhonovich",slug:"igor-tikhonovich"}]},{id:"44504",title:"Opium Poppy: Genetic Upgradation Through Intervention of Plant Breeding Techniques",slug:"opium-poppy-genetic-upgradation-through-intervention-of-plant-breeding-techniques",signatures:"Brij Kishore Mishra, Anu Rastogi, Ameena Siddiqui, Mrinalini\nSrivastava, Nidhi Verma, Rawli Pandey, Naresh Chandra Sharma and\nSudhir Shukla",authors:[{id:"156649",title:"Dr.",name:"Sudhir",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",fullName:"Sudhir Shukla",slug:"sudhir-shukla"}]},{id:"44016",title:"Castor Breeding",slug:"castor-breeding",signatures:"Máira Milani and Márcia Barreto de Medeiros Nóbrega",authors:[{id:"74313",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Maira",middleName:null,surname:"Milani",fullName:"Maira Milani",slug:"maira-milani"},{id:"156611",title:"Dr.",name:"Márcia",middleName:null,surname:"Barreto De Medeiros Nóbrega",fullName:"Márcia Barreto De Medeiros Nóbrega",slug:"marcia-barreto-de-medeiros-nobrega"}]},{id:"41024",title:"Participatory Plant Quality Breeding: An Ancient Art Revisited by Knowledge Sharing. The Portuguese Experience",slug:"participatory-plant-quality-breeding-an-ancient-art-revisited-by-knowledge-sharing-the-portuguese-ex",signatures:"Maria Carlota Vaz Patto, Pedro Manuel Mendes-Moreira, Mara Lisa\nAlves, Elsa Mecha, Carla Brites, Maria do Rosário Bronze and Silas\nPego",authors:[{id:"70071",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Bronze",fullName:"Maria Bronze",slug:"maria-bronze"},{id:"160017",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Carlota",middleName:null,surname:"Vaz Patto",fullName:"Maria Carlota Vaz Patto",slug:"maria-carlota-vaz-patto"},{id:"160020",title:"MSc.",name:"Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Mendes-Moreira",fullName:"Pedro Mendes-Moreira",slug:"pedro-mendes-moreira"},{id:"160021",title:"Dr.",name:"Carla",middleName:null,surname:"Brites",fullName:"Carla Brites",slug:"carla-brites"},{id:"160022",title:"Dr.",name:"Silas",middleName:null,surname:"Pego",fullName:"Silas Pego",slug:"silas-pego"},{id:"166078",title:"MSc.",name:"Mara Lisa",middleName:null,surname:"Alves",fullName:"Mara Lisa Alves",slug:"mara-lisa-alves"},{id:"166079",title:"MSc.",name:"Elsa",middleName:null,surname:"Mecha",fullName:"Elsa Mecha",slug:"elsa-mecha"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6627",title:"Brassica Germplasm",subtitle:"Characterization, Breeding and Utilization",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f11a68d95e239f899f787ef2ecd31466",slug:"brassica-germplasm-characterization-breeding-and-utilization",bookSignature:"Mohamed Ahmed El-Esawi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6627.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"191770",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed A.",surname:"El-Esawi",slug:"mohamed-a.-el-esawi",fullName:"Mohamed A. El-Esawi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"597",title:"Crop Production Technologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7f87c31dfd7e38f3e10cf7ec02df2201",slug:"crop-production-technologies",bookSignature:"Peeyush Sharma and Vikas Abrol",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/597.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73200",title:"Dr.",name:"Peeyush",surname:"Sharma",slug:"peeyush-sharma",fullName:"Peeyush Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6659",title:"Pollination in Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7478b6257b51549a739aa0f5e5e27388",slug:"pollination-in-plants",bookSignature:"Phatlane William Mokwala",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6659.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"195046",title:"Dr.",name:"Phatlane William",surname:"Mokwala",slug:"phatlane-william-mokwala",fullName:"Phatlane William Mokwala"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1248",title:"Resource Management for Sustainable Agriculture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3445faea41382312cdb15ca628229a20",slug:"resource-management-for-sustainable-agriculture",bookSignature:"Vikas Abrol and Peeyush Sharma",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1248.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"136230",title:"Dr.",name:"Vikas",surname:"Abrol",slug:"vikas-abrol",fullName:"Vikas Abrol"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6976",title:"Transgenic Crops",subtitle:"Emerging Trends and Future Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"aeeada103a0669c03443a17648263066",slug:"transgenic-crops-emerging-trends-and-future-perspectives",bookSignature:"Muhammad Sarwar Khan and Kauser Abdulla Malik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6976.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"212511",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad Sarwar",surname:"Khan",slug:"muhammad-sarwar-khan",fullName:"Muhammad Sarwar Khan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"2079",title:"Problems, Perspectives and Challenges of Agricultural Water Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"183bb777195754e887da67131255661f",slug:"problems-perspectives-and-challenges-of-agricultural-water-management",bookSignature:"Manish Kumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2079.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"102967",title:"Dr.",name:"Manish",surname:"Kumar",slug:"manish-kumar",fullName:"Manish Kumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"82912",title:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Obesity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106528",slug:"gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-and-obesity",body:'
Occasional reflux of gastric content into the esophagus is a physiological phenomenon, until it presents with symptoms and/or mucosal complication, which defines the condition of GERD [1]. GERD is one of the most common diagnoses performed in a daily practice [2]. Clinically, GERD may manifest with cardinal symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. Other symptoms are classified as esophageal (e.g., dysphagia, chest pain) and extraesophageal (atypical) symptoms [3]. GERD encompassed several subgroups, based on endoscopy and histopathological findings, such as erosive esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) [3].
Recent evidence showed a rising prevalence of GERD and it was estimated 1.03 billion individuals are suffering from GERD globally [4, 5]. GERD has also become more prevalent nowadays in a previously uncommon region, such as Asia Pacific [6]. Excessive body weight is one of the multiple conditions that contribute to this escalation in GERD cases [7]. Yamasaki
Obesity has reached an epidemic proportion globally [11]. This condition is diagnosed when the measured body mass index (BMI) is ≥30 kg/m2 and further classified into three group based on its severity levels: class I (BMI 30.0–34.9), class II (BMI 35.0–39.9), and class III (BMI ≥40.0) [11]. Epidemiological study have shown that obesity is a major risk factor for GERD and, consequently, has accounted for the increasing prevalence of GERD, worldwide [12]. Study by Hampel
Study by Murray
Since obesity has contributed largely to the increased of GERD prevalence, there has been a substantial attention to explore the possible mechanisms of GERD development in obesity [17]. The essential pathology in the development of GERD is excessive acid and bile salt exposure on the gastric mucosa [3]. This abnormal exposure may lead to distressing symptoms of GERD when the number of reflux events is enormous, the period of mucosal exposure to gastric content is prolonged, there is concomitant defect in mucosal integrity, or hypersensitivity to refluxate [3]. The integrity of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), both structural and functional, is an important antireflux barrier [3]. Major mechanisms of EGJ incompetence that discovered in GERD are anatomical derangement of the EGJ including hiatal hernia, decreased pressure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR). Delayed gastric emptying and prolonged esophageal clearance time has been found in subsets of patients as mechanism that may exacerbate GERD [3].
Several factors that could increase acid exposure time on the esophagus was found more often in patients with obesity than in individuals with normal weight [12]. The development of GERD in obese individuals was previously thought to be mainly structural, owing to the weight of abdominal fat that increase intra-abdominal pressure, thereby increased the likelihood reflux occurrence. Recent evidence also suggest that obesity may alter the physiologic function of lower esophageal sphincter (decreased LES pressure, increased frequency of transient LES relaxation), and/or gastroesophageal motility (delayed esophageal clearing time, impaired gastric emptying) [9, 13].
The development of a hiatal hernia is the main factor that disrupts the integrity of the EGJ in patients with excess body weight [9]. The prevalence of hiatal hernia is significantly higher in subjects with obesity than in subjects with a normal BMI [18]. The physiological explanation for the interplay between obesity, risk for hiatal hernia, and subsequent development of GERD was thoroughly explored in a manometry study conducted by Pandolfino
Central obesity also play a part in the pathogenesis of GERD [18]. Current data suggest that central obesity causes an increase in intra-gastric pressure, which subsequently increased esophageal exposure to gastric content and impaired esophageal acid clearance [24, 25]. Moreover, the visceral fat is a metabolically active organ that produces interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, that may have impact on LES. Recent data also suggest that insulin resistance, a consequence of visceral obesity, may be an important contributing factor [26]. Studies also found that abdominal obesity may change the secretion of adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin that has been regarded as the key factor for the development of esophageal neoplasia in the setting of obesity [12, 17]. Adipokine has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may stimulate apoptosis [27]. Obesity decrease the secretion of adiponectin and this was associated with increased risk of BE [28]. Leptin has been shown to have mitogenic properties, that later study found it may induce proliferation of esophageal cancer [29]. Kendall
Pathophysiology of GERD in obesity. EGJ, esophagogastric junction; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; LES, lower esophageal sphincter; TLESR, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.
The traditional theory of refluxed gastric content has caused direct injury to the esophageal mucosa, as discussed above, is challenged by the findings of recent studies in rats and human that found the exposure of esophageal mucosa to gastric content did not cause a direct acid injury in the esophagus [31, 32]. Instead, it stimulated the esophageal mucosa to secrete cytokines that induce proliferative changes in epithelial cells and attract the T lymphocyte and other pro-inflammatory cells that eventually caused mucosal damage [31, 32]. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) is a transcription factor that is involved in the mediation of some inflammatory response [33] and appear to be the key mediator that initiate the cytokine-mediated mucosal injury [34]. The exposure gastric juice to esophageal epithelial cells leads to the production of reactive oxygen species, a key substance to stabilize HIF-2α in the setting of GERD [35, 36]. This stabilized HIF-2α will accumulate in the nucleus and stimulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines that lead to the establishment of GERD [34]. This new paradigm in GERD pathogenesis, however, has not been studied in term of its possible role in GERD with obesity. Nonetheless, this undisclosed association between cytokine-mediated mucosal injury and obesity in the pathogenesis of GERD may serve as an opportunity for researches in the future.
Management of GERD requires more than one approach, which considered the symptom severity, endoscopic findings, and possible physiological abnormalities [36]. Treatment modalities includes lifestyle modification, pharmacologic therapy, and surgery [36]. The growing attention to the reflux problems in patients with obesity has prompted a numerous studies to obtain the most beneficial therapeutic options [18]. In the following section, recent evidences that support the beneficial effect of particular treatment options in GERD patients with obesity will be discussed.
Lifestyle modification is the recommended first step in the treatment of GERD. However, the only measures that have been shown to be beneficial on the part of obese patient is weight loss [37]. Weight loss is strongly recommended in overweight or obese GERD patients to improve the reflux symptoms [6, 36]. A prospective cohort study has found that in GERD subjects with overweight and obesity, weight reduction was significantly decreased the overall prevalence of GERD with significant improvement in overall symptoms scoring, compared to baseline [38]. The result of this study also showed a substantial reduction in overall GERD scores only observed among subjects who loss body weight ≥5% from baseline. Study conducted by de Bortoli
PPI are the mainstay medical treatment for GERD, it is initially given as active-phase therapy, with continuous use to improve and heal the mucosal erosion, then follows by on-demand therapy phase for maintenance [6, 36]. However, there are still scarce yet inconsistent data available regarding the influence of obesity to the response of PPI treatment for GERD patients. Peura
Pharmacotherapy in obesity is indicated in patients with obesity-associated complications that have failed to achieve a healthy weight by implementing a low-calorie diet and regular exercise [45]. Less coverage of antiobesity drugs by insurance and their high cost has limits patients’ choices. In addition, until the present time there is no available data that describe the impact of using antiobesity to achieve weight loss in patients with GERD.
Antireflux surgery is an alternative for long-term treatment of GERD patients with severe reflux esophagitis (LA grade C or D), large hiatal hernias, and/or persistent distressing GERD symptoms [36]. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery (Nissen fundoplication, Toupet fundoplication) has been viewed as an alternative to lifelong PPI treatment in GERD [18]. The efficacy and safety of this procedure in patient with obesity, however is still controversial [46, 47]. Therefore bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) is being more considered recently as a procedure of choice for GERD in patient with morbid obesity [18]. Bariatric surgery was able to achieve substantial weight reduction and lower abdominal-thoracic pressure gradient [18]. Many studies have shown consistent improvement in both reflux symptoms and mucosal complication of GERD following a bariatric procedure in obese patients [18]. Nonetheless, it must be highlighted that all patients, require a lifelong and multidisciplinary follow up care after bariatric surgery [18].
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is another approach of bariatric procedure that has gained more attention, owing to less technical complexity as compare to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), it showed lower incidence of postoperative complication, and leads to substantial weight loss [48]. The impact of LSG on GERD, however is still inconsistent in regards to the control of pre-existing reflux, development of
Obesity is a major risk factor of GERD and has accounted for the rising GERD case, worldwide. The fundamental mechanisms in the development of GERD were found more frequently in patients with obesity. Accordingly, the frequency of reflux symptoms and mucosal complications of GERD were also higher in obese patients. Current available treatment options has highlight the benefit of weight loss in GERD patients with obesity, not only to improve the symptoms but also to enhance the response to GERD pharmacotherapy. Role of antiobesity pharmacotherapy is still limited in GERD patients. Those patients who failed the conservative medical therapy may be considered for surgical procedure to achieve weight reduction and improvement of GERD symptoms. The baseline reflux symptoms severity and mucosal injury are key factors in determining which patients that will benefit from surgery. The possible postoperative complication and available management options should be openly discussed with patients.
No financial support was received for this work.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
IntechOpen aims to guarantee that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our Authors. We uphold a flexible Copyright Policy, guaranteeing that there is no transfer of copyright to the publisher and Authors retain exclusive copyright to their Work.
',metaTitle:"Publication Agreement - Monograph",metaDescription:"IntechOpen aims to guarantee that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our authors. For that matter, we uphold a flexible copyright policy meaning that there is no transfer of copyright to the publisher and authors retain exclusive copyright to their work.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/publication-agreement-monograph",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"When submitting a manuscript, the Author is required to accept the Terms and Conditions set out in our Publication Agreement – Monographs/Compacts as follows:
\\n\\nCORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S GRANT OF RIGHTS
\\n\\nSubject to the following Article, the Author grants to IntechOpen, during the full term of copyright, and any extensions or renewals of that term, the following:
\\n\\nThe foregoing licenses shall survive the expiry or termination of this Publication Agreement for any reason.
\\n\\nThe Author, on his or her own behalf and on behalf of any of the Co-Authors, reserves the following rights in the Work but agrees not to exercise them in such a way as to adversely affect IntechOpen's ability to utilize the full benefit of this Publication Agreement: (i) reprographic rights worldwide, other than those which subsist in the typographical arrangement of the Work as published by IntechOpen; and (ii) public lending rights arising under the Public Lending Right Act 1979, as amended from time to time, and any similar rights arising in any part of the world.
\\n\\nThe Author, and any Co-Author, confirms that they are, and will remain, a member of any applicable licensing and collecting society and any successor to that body responsible for administering royalties for the reprographic reproduction of copyright works.
\\n\\nSubject to the license granted above, copyright in the Work and all versions of it created during IntechOpen's editing process, including all published versions, is retained by the Author and any Co-Authors.
\\n\\nSubject to the license granted above, the Author and Co-Authors retain patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights to the Work.
\\n\\nAll rights granted to IntechOpen in this Article are assignable, sublicensable or otherwise transferrable to third parties without the specific approval of the Author or Co-Authors.
\\n\\nThe Author, on his/her own behalf and on behalf of the Co-Authors, will not assert any rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to object to derogatory treatment of the Work as a consequence of IntechOpen's changes to the Work arising from the translation of it, corrections and edits for house style, removal of problematic material and other reasonable edits as determined by IntechOpen.
\\n\\nAUTHOR'S DUTIES
\\n\\nWhen distributing or re-publishing the Work, the Author agrees to credit the Monograph/Compacts as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen. The Author guarantees that Co-Authors will also credit the Monograph/Compacts as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen, when they are distributing or re-publishing the Work.
\\n\\nThe Author agrees to:
\\n\\nThe Author will be held responsible for the payment of the agreed Open Access Publishing Fee before the completion of the project (Monograph/Compacts publication).
\\n\\nAll payments shall be due 30 days from the date of issue of the invoice. The Author or whoever is paying on behalf of the Author and Co-Authors will bear all banking and similar charges incurred.
\\n\\nThe Author shall obtain in writing all consents necessary for the reproduction of any material in which a third-party right exists, including quotations, photographs and illustrations, in all editions of the Work worldwide for the full term of the above licenses, and shall provide to IntechOpen, at its request, the original copies of such consents for inspection or the photocopies of such consents.
\\n\\nThe Author shall obtain written informed consent for publication from those who might recognize themselves or be identified by others, for example from case reports or photographs.
\\n\\nThe Author shall respect confidentiality during and after the termination of this Agreement. The information contained in all correspondence and documents as part of the publishing activity between IntechOpen and the Author and Co-Authors are confidential and are intended only for the recipients. The contents of any communication may not be disclosed publicly and are not intended for unauthorized use or distribution. Any use, disclosure, copying, or distribution is prohibited and may be unlawful.
\\n\\nAUTHOR'S WARRANTY
\\n\\nThe Author and Co-Authors confirm and warrant that the Work does not and will not breach any applicable law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Work contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes any literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy.
\\n\\nThe Author and Co-Authors confirm that: (i) the Work is their original work and is not copied wholly or substantially from any other work or material or any other source; (ii) the Work has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal or in a book or edited collection, and is not under consideration for any such publication; (iii) Authors and any applicable Co-Authors are qualifying persons under section 154 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; (iv) Authors and any applicable Co-Authors have not assigned, and will not during the term of this Publication Agreement purport to assign, any of the rights granted to IntechOpen under this Publication Agreement; and (v) the rights granted by this Publication Agreement are free from any security interest, option, mortgage, charge or lien.
\\n\\nThe Author and Co-Authors also confirm and warrant that: (i) he/she has the power to enter into this Publication Agreement on his or her own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author; and (ii) has the necessary rights and/or title in and to the Work to grant IntechOpen, on behalf of themselves and any Co-Author, the rights and licences in this Publication Agreement. If the Work was prepared jointly by the Author and Co-Authors, the Author confirms that: (i) all Co-Authors agree to the submission, license and publication of the Work on the terms of this Publication Agreement; and (ii) the Author has the authority to enter into this biding Publication Agreement on behalf of each Co-Author. The Author shall: (i) ensure each Co-Author complies with all relevant provisions of this Publication Agreement, including those relating to confidentiality, performance and standards, as if a party to this Publication Agreement; and (ii) remain primarily liable for all acts and/or omissions of each Co-Author.
\\n\\nThe Author agrees to indemnify IntechOpen harmless against all liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and losses, as well as all reasonable legal costs and expenses suffered or incurred by IntechOpen arising out of, or in connection with, any breach of the agreed confirmations and warranties. This indemnity shall not apply in a situation in which a claim results from IntechOpen's negligence or willful misconduct.
\\n\\nNothing in this Publication Agreement shall have the effect of excluding or limiting any liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence or any other liability that cannot be excluded or limited by applicable law.
\\n\\nTERMINATION
\\n\\nIntechOpen has the right to terminate this Publication Agreement for quality, program, technical or other reasons with immediate effect, including without limitation (i) if the Author and/or any Co-Author commits a material breach of this Publication Agreement; (ii) if the Author and/or any Co-Author (being a private individual) is the subject of a bankruptcy petition, application or order; or (iii) if the Author and/or any Co-Author (as a corporate entity) commences negotiations with all or any class of its creditors with a view to rescheduling any of its debts, or makes a proposal for, or enters into, any compromise or arrangement with any of its creditors.
\\n\\nIn the event of termination, IntechOpen will notify the Author of the decision in writing.
\\n\\nIntechOpen’s DUTIES AND RIGHTS
\\n\\nUnless prevented from doing so by events beyond its reasonable control, IntechOpen, at its discretion, agrees to publish the Work attributing it to the Author and Co-Authors.
\\n\\nUnless prevented from doing so by events beyond its reasonable control, IntechOpen agrees to provide publishing services which include: managing editing (editorial and publishing process coordination, Author assistance); publishing software technology; language copyediting; typesetting; online publishing; hosting and web management; and abstracting and indexing services.
\\n\\nIntechOpen agrees to offer free online access to readers and use reasonable efforts to promote the Publication to relevant audiences.
\\n\\nIntechOpen is granted the authority to enforce the rights from this Publication Agreement on behalf of the Author and Co-Authors against third parties, for example in cases of plagiarism or copyright infringements. In respect of any such infringement or suspected infringement of the copyright in the Work, IntechOpen shall have absolute discretion in addressing any such infringement that is likely to affect IntechOpen's rights under this Publication Agreement, including issuing and conducting proceedings against the suspected infringer.
\\n\\nIntechOpen has the right to include/use the Author and Co-Authors names and likeness in connection with scientific dissemination, retrieval, archiving, web hosting and promotion and marketing of the Work and has the right to contact the Author and Co-Authors until the Work is publicly available on any platform owned and/or operated by IntechOpen.
\\n\\nMISCELLANEOUS
\\n\\nFurther Assurance: The Author shall ensure that any relevant third party, including any Co-Author, shall execute and deliver whatever further documents or deeds and perform such acts as IntechOpen reasonably requires from time to time for the purpose of giving IntechOpen the full benefit of the provisions of this Publication Agreement.
\\n\\nThird Party Rights: A person who is not a party to this Publication Agreement may not enforce any of its provisions under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
\\n\\nEntire Agreement: This Publication Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties in relation to its subject matter. It replaces all prior agreements, draft agreements, arrangements, collateral warranties, collateral contracts, statements, assurances, representations and undertakings of any nature made by, or on behalf of, the parties, whether oral or written, in relation to that subject matter. Each party acknowledges that in entering into this Publication Agreement it has not relied upon any oral or written statements, collateral or other warranties, assurances, representations or undertakings which were made by or on behalf of the other party in relation to the subject matter of this Publication Agreement at any time before its signature (known as the "Pre-Contractual Statements"), other than those which are set out in this Publication Agreement. Each party hereby waives all rights and remedies which might otherwise be available to it in relation to such Pre-Contractual Statements. Nothing in this clause shall exclude or restrict the liability of either party arising out of any fraudulent pre-contract misrepresentation or concealment.
\\n\\nWaiver: No failure or delay by a party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this Publication Agreement or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
\\n\\nVariation: No variation of this Publication Agreement shall have effect unless it is in writing and signed by the parties, or their duly authorized representatives.
\\n\\nSeverance: If any provision, or part-provision, of this Publication Agreement is, or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted. Any modification to, or deletion of, a provision or part-provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of this Publication Agreement.
\\n\\nNo partnership: Nothing in this Publication Agreement is intended to, or shall be deemed to, establish or create any partnership or joint venture or the relationship of principal and agent or employer and employee between IntechOpen and the Author or any Co-Author, nor authorize any party to make or enter into any commitments for, or on behalf of, any other party.
\\n\\nGoverning law: This Publication Agreement and any dispute or claim, including non-contractual disputes or claims arising out of, or in connection with it, or its subject matter or formation, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of England and Wales. The parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts to settle any dispute or claim arising out of, or in connection with, this Publication Agreement, including any non-contractual disputes or claims.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2018-09-11
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'When submitting a manuscript, the Author is required to accept the Terms and Conditions set out in our Publication Agreement – Monographs/Compacts as follows:
\n\nCORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S GRANT OF RIGHTS
\n\nSubject to the following Article, the Author grants to IntechOpen, during the full term of copyright, and any extensions or renewals of that term, the following:
\n\nThe foregoing licenses shall survive the expiry or termination of this Publication Agreement for any reason.
\n\nThe Author, on his or her own behalf and on behalf of any of the Co-Authors, reserves the following rights in the Work but agrees not to exercise them in such a way as to adversely affect IntechOpen's ability to utilize the full benefit of this Publication Agreement: (i) reprographic rights worldwide, other than those which subsist in the typographical arrangement of the Work as published by IntechOpen; and (ii) public lending rights arising under the Public Lending Right Act 1979, as amended from time to time, and any similar rights arising in any part of the world.
\n\nThe Author, and any Co-Author, confirms that they are, and will remain, a member of any applicable licensing and collecting society and any successor to that body responsible for administering royalties for the reprographic reproduction of copyright works.
\n\nSubject to the license granted above, copyright in the Work and all versions of it created during IntechOpen's editing process, including all published versions, is retained by the Author and any Co-Authors.
\n\nSubject to the license granted above, the Author and Co-Authors retain patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights to the Work.
\n\nAll rights granted to IntechOpen in this Article are assignable, sublicensable or otherwise transferrable to third parties without the specific approval of the Author or Co-Authors.
\n\nThe Author, on his/her own behalf and on behalf of the Co-Authors, will not assert any rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to object to derogatory treatment of the Work as a consequence of IntechOpen's changes to the Work arising from the translation of it, corrections and edits for house style, removal of problematic material and other reasonable edits as determined by IntechOpen.
\n\nAUTHOR'S DUTIES
\n\nWhen distributing or re-publishing the Work, the Author agrees to credit the Monograph/Compacts as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen. The Author guarantees that Co-Authors will also credit the Monograph/Compacts as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen, when they are distributing or re-publishing the Work.
\n\nThe Author agrees to:
\n\nThe Author will be held responsible for the payment of the agreed Open Access Publishing Fee before the completion of the project (Monograph/Compacts publication).
\n\nAll payments shall be due 30 days from the date of issue of the invoice. The Author or whoever is paying on behalf of the Author and Co-Authors will bear all banking and similar charges incurred.
\n\nThe Author shall obtain in writing all consents necessary for the reproduction of any material in which a third-party right exists, including quotations, photographs and illustrations, in all editions of the Work worldwide for the full term of the above licenses, and shall provide to IntechOpen, at its request, the original copies of such consents for inspection or the photocopies of such consents.
\n\nThe Author shall obtain written informed consent for publication from those who might recognize themselves or be identified by others, for example from case reports or photographs.
\n\nThe Author shall respect confidentiality during and after the termination of this Agreement. The information contained in all correspondence and documents as part of the publishing activity between IntechOpen and the Author and Co-Authors are confidential and are intended only for the recipients. The contents of any communication may not be disclosed publicly and are not intended for unauthorized use or distribution. Any use, disclosure, copying, or distribution is prohibited and may be unlawful.
\n\nAUTHOR'S WARRANTY
\n\nThe Author and Co-Authors confirm and warrant that the Work does not and will not breach any applicable law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Work contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes any literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy.
\n\nThe Author and Co-Authors confirm that: (i) the Work is their original work and is not copied wholly or substantially from any other work or material or any other source; (ii) the Work has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal or in a book or edited collection, and is not under consideration for any such publication; (iii) Authors and any applicable Co-Authors are qualifying persons under section 154 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; (iv) Authors and any applicable Co-Authors have not assigned, and will not during the term of this Publication Agreement purport to assign, any of the rights granted to IntechOpen under this Publication Agreement; and (v) the rights granted by this Publication Agreement are free from any security interest, option, mortgage, charge or lien.
\n\nThe Author and Co-Authors also confirm and warrant that: (i) he/she has the power to enter into this Publication Agreement on his or her own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author; and (ii) has the necessary rights and/or title in and to the Work to grant IntechOpen, on behalf of themselves and any Co-Author, the rights and licences in this Publication Agreement. If the Work was prepared jointly by the Author and Co-Authors, the Author confirms that: (i) all Co-Authors agree to the submission, license and publication of the Work on the terms of this Publication Agreement; and (ii) the Author has the authority to enter into this biding Publication Agreement on behalf of each Co-Author. The Author shall: (i) ensure each Co-Author complies with all relevant provisions of this Publication Agreement, including those relating to confidentiality, performance and standards, as if a party to this Publication Agreement; and (ii) remain primarily liable for all acts and/or omissions of each Co-Author.
\n\nThe Author agrees to indemnify IntechOpen harmless against all liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and losses, as well as all reasonable legal costs and expenses suffered or incurred by IntechOpen arising out of, or in connection with, any breach of the agreed confirmations and warranties. This indemnity shall not apply in a situation in which a claim results from IntechOpen's negligence or willful misconduct.
\n\nNothing in this Publication Agreement shall have the effect of excluding or limiting any liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence or any other liability that cannot be excluded or limited by applicable law.
\n\nTERMINATION
\n\nIntechOpen has the right to terminate this Publication Agreement for quality, program, technical or other reasons with immediate effect, including without limitation (i) if the Author and/or any Co-Author commits a material breach of this Publication Agreement; (ii) if the Author and/or any Co-Author (being a private individual) is the subject of a bankruptcy petition, application or order; or (iii) if the Author and/or any Co-Author (as a corporate entity) commences negotiations with all or any class of its creditors with a view to rescheduling any of its debts, or makes a proposal for, or enters into, any compromise or arrangement with any of its creditors.
\n\nIn the event of termination, IntechOpen will notify the Author of the decision in writing.
\n\nIntechOpen’s DUTIES AND RIGHTS
\n\nUnless prevented from doing so by events beyond its reasonable control, IntechOpen, at its discretion, agrees to publish the Work attributing it to the Author and Co-Authors.
\n\nUnless prevented from doing so by events beyond its reasonable control, IntechOpen agrees to provide publishing services which include: managing editing (editorial and publishing process coordination, Author assistance); publishing software technology; language copyediting; typesetting; online publishing; hosting and web management; and abstracting and indexing services.
\n\nIntechOpen agrees to offer free online access to readers and use reasonable efforts to promote the Publication to relevant audiences.
\n\nIntechOpen is granted the authority to enforce the rights from this Publication Agreement on behalf of the Author and Co-Authors against third parties, for example in cases of plagiarism or copyright infringements. In respect of any such infringement or suspected infringement of the copyright in the Work, IntechOpen shall have absolute discretion in addressing any such infringement that is likely to affect IntechOpen's rights under this Publication Agreement, including issuing and conducting proceedings against the suspected infringer.
\n\nIntechOpen has the right to include/use the Author and Co-Authors names and likeness in connection with scientific dissemination, retrieval, archiving, web hosting and promotion and marketing of the Work and has the right to contact the Author and Co-Authors until the Work is publicly available on any platform owned and/or operated by IntechOpen.
\n\nMISCELLANEOUS
\n\nFurther Assurance: The Author shall ensure that any relevant third party, including any Co-Author, shall execute and deliver whatever further documents or deeds and perform such acts as IntechOpen reasonably requires from time to time for the purpose of giving IntechOpen the full benefit of the provisions of this Publication Agreement.
\n\nThird Party Rights: A person who is not a party to this Publication Agreement may not enforce any of its provisions under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
\n\nEntire Agreement: This Publication Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties in relation to its subject matter. It replaces all prior agreements, draft agreements, arrangements, collateral warranties, collateral contracts, statements, assurances, representations and undertakings of any nature made by, or on behalf of, the parties, whether oral or written, in relation to that subject matter. Each party acknowledges that in entering into this Publication Agreement it has not relied upon any oral or written statements, collateral or other warranties, assurances, representations or undertakings which were made by or on behalf of the other party in relation to the subject matter of this Publication Agreement at any time before its signature (known as the "Pre-Contractual Statements"), other than those which are set out in this Publication Agreement. Each party hereby waives all rights and remedies which might otherwise be available to it in relation to such Pre-Contractual Statements. Nothing in this clause shall exclude or restrict the liability of either party arising out of any fraudulent pre-contract misrepresentation or concealment.
\n\nWaiver: No failure or delay by a party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this Publication Agreement or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
\n\nVariation: No variation of this Publication Agreement shall have effect unless it is in writing and signed by the parties, or their duly authorized representatives.
\n\nSeverance: If any provision, or part-provision, of this Publication Agreement is, or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted. Any modification to, or deletion of, a provision or part-provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of this Publication Agreement.
\n\nNo partnership: Nothing in this Publication Agreement is intended to, or shall be deemed to, establish or create any partnership or joint venture or the relationship of principal and agent or employer and employee between IntechOpen and the Author or any Co-Author, nor authorize any party to make or enter into any commitments for, or on behalf of, any other party.
\n\nGoverning law: This Publication Agreement and any dispute or claim, including non-contractual disputes or claims arising out of, or in connection with it, or its subject matter or formation, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of England and Wales. The parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts to settle any dispute or claim arising out of, or in connection with, this Publication Agreement, including any non-contractual disputes or claims.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2018-09-11
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rheinmetall (Germany)",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:13389},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:11662},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:4168},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:22333},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:2019},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:33644}],offset:12,limit:12,total:135704},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"1",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11616",title:"Foraging",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"955b60bb658c8d1a09dd4efc9bf6674b",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11616.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11632",title:"Updated Research on Bacteriophages",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d34dfa0d5d10511184f97ddaeef9936b",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11632.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11699",title:"Neonatal Surgery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e52adaee8e54f51c2ba4972daeb410f7",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11699.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11730",title:"Midwifery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"95389fcd878d0e929234c441744ba398",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11730.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11697",title:"Scoliosis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"fa052443744b8f6ba5a87091e373bafe",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11697.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11773",title:"Archaeology - Challenges and Updates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"17d91462fa926279f65164ac0d5641cd",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11773.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11776",title:"Fashion Industry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e8d53d1029a7bccf825aa55d43fecc68",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11776.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11794",title:"Coconut Cultivation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"48e1cb42a4162f64cae3a2e777472f21",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11794.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11797",title:"Clostridium difficile",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4cb066b44bb8d4a8b93a627de26e3ebf",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11797.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11809",title:"Lagomorpha",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1e8fd5779205c16e5797b05455dc5be0",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11809.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11818",title:"Uveitis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f8c178e6f45ba7b500281005b5d5b67a",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11818.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11837",title:"Ecology and Geography of the Mediterranean",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bbb25987a982d61da4f47fb13614ba3c",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11837.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:29},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:12},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:79},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:21}],offset:12,limit:12,total:227},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3737",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"Modelling, Programming and Simulations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"matlab-modelling-programming-and-simulations",bookSignature:"Emilson Pereira Leite",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3737.jpg",editors:[{id:"12051",title:"Prof.",name:"Emilson",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira Leite",slug:"emilson-pereira-leite",fullName:"Emilson Pereira Leite"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"1770",title:"Gel Electrophoresis",subtitle:"Principles and Basics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"279701f6c802cf02deef45103e0611ff",slug:"gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics",bookSignature:"Sameh Magdeldin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1770.jpg",editors:[{id:"123648",title:"Dr.",name:"Sameh",middleName:null,surname:"Magdeldin",slug:"sameh-magdeldin",fullName:"Sameh Magdeldin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4797},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7175,editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1981,editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2308,editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1473,editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",publishedDate:"April 26th 2011",numberOfDownloads:318571,editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",publishedDate:"September 26th 2012",numberOfDownloads:271836,editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",publishedDate:"July 1st 2013",numberOfDownloads:243450,editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1582,editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2082,editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",publishedDate:"October 17th 2012",numberOfDownloads:256294,editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8452",title:"Organizational Conflict",subtitle:"New Insights",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"96bdaaba38a7850a7e7379aa5a505748",slug:"organizational-conflict-new-insights",bookSignature:"Josiane Fahed-Sreih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8452.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"103784",title:"Dr.",name:"Josiane",middleName:null,surname:"Fahed-Sreih",slug:"josiane-fahed-sreih",fullName:"Josiane Fahed-Sreih"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10778",title:"Model-Based Control Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Design and Implementations for Varied Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e39a567d9b6d2a45d0a1d927362c9005",slug:"model-based-control-engineering-recent-design-and-implementations-for-varied-applications",bookSignature:"Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid and Ahmad `Athif Mohd Faudzi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10778.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"268173",title:"Dr.",name:"Umar Zakir Abdul",middleName:null,surname:"Hamid",slug:"umar-zakir-abdul-hamid",fullName:"Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10780",title:"Current Trends in Orthodontics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"badce0e23eb5176fd653b049d5295c0a",slug:"current-trends-in-orthodontics",bookSignature:"Farid Bourzgui",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10780.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"52177",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid",middleName:null,surname:"Bourzgui",slug:"farid-bourzgui",fullName:"Farid Bourzgui"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10793",title:"Molecular Mechanisms in Cancer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3ed2817275edb3de6f5683602314706e",slug:"molecular-mechanisms-in-cancer",bookSignature:"Metin Budak and Rajamanickam Rajkumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10793.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"226275",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Metin",middleName:null,surname:"Budak",slug:"metin-budak",fullName:"Metin Budak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11308",title:"Selected Topics on Infant Feeding",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"213c3e403327a2919eca1dc5e82a0ec3",slug:"selected-topics-on-infant-feeding",bookSignature:"Isam Jaber AL-Zwaini and Haider Hadi AL-Musawi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11308.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"30993",title:"Prof.",name:"Isam Jaber",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Zwaini",slug:"isam-jaber-al-zwaini",fullName:"Isam Jaber Al-Zwaini"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11331",title:"Secondary Metabolites",subtitle:"Trends and Reviews",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7d6274f42d5441e537c5fa744bc84523",slug:"secondary-metabolites-trends-and-reviews",bookSignature:"Ramasamy Vijayakumar and Suresh Selvapuram Sudalaimuthu Raja",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11331.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"176044",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramasamy",middleName:null,surname:"Vijayakumar",slug:"ramasamy-vijayakumar",fullName:"Ramasamy Vijayakumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10820",title:"Data Clustering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"086d299ffd05aacd2311c3ca4ebf0d3a",slug:"data-clustering",bookSignature:"Niansheng Tang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"221831",title:"Prof.",name:"Niansheng",middleName:null,surname:"Tang",slug:"niansheng-tang",fullName:"Niansheng Tang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10827",title:"Oral Health Care",subtitle:"An Important Issue of the Modern Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a0ceb9ced4598aea3f3723f6dc4ea04",slug:"oral-health-care-an-important-issue-of-the-modern-society",bookSignature:"Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean and Laura Cristina Rusu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"180569",title:"Dr.",name:"Lavinia",middleName:null,surname:"Ardelean",slug:"lavinia-ardelean",fullName:"Lavinia Ardelean"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11139",title:"Geochemistry and Mineral Resources",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"928cebbdce21d9b3f081267b24f12dfb",slug:"geochemistry-and-mineral-resources",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11139.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"302",title:"Pathology",slug:"veterinary-medicine-and-science-pathology",parent:{id:"25",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",slug:"veterinary-medicine-and-science"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:59,numberOfWosCitations:42,numberOfCrossrefCitations:27,numberOfDimensionsCitations:68,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"302",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"10589",title:"Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"10a5864ea0e1e21ee67aa2b55f51f465",slug:"mastitis-in-dairy-cattle-sheep-and-goats",bookSignature:"Oudessa Kerro Dego",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10589.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"283019",title:"Dr.",name:"Oudessa",middleName:null,surname:"Kerro Dego",slug:"oudessa-kerro-dego",fullName:"Oudessa Kerro Dego"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5861",title:"Theriogenology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b5aae519c030c5492d65c181d9c0ea57",slug:"theriogenology",bookSignature:"Rita Payan Carreira",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5861.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"55491",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69091",title:"Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction",slug:"mitigation-of-the-heat-stress-impact-in-livestock-reproduction",totalDownloads:4344,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:24,abstract:"Heat stress affects the fertility and reproductive livestock performance by compromising the physiology reproductive tract, through hormonal imbalance, decreased oocyte quality and poor semen quality, and decreased embryo development and survival. Heat stress decreases the secretion of luteinizing hormone and estradiol resulting in reduced length and intensity of estrus expression, increased incidence of anoestrus and silent heat in farm animals. Oocytes exposed to thermal stress lose its competence for fertilization and development into the blastocyst stage, which results in decreased fertility because of the production of poor quality oocytes and embryos. Furthermore, low progesterone secretion limits the endometrial functions, and subsequently embryo development. In addition, the increased secretion of endometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha during heat stress threatens the maintenance of pregnancy. In general, the percentage of conception rate was found to be reduced by 4.6% for each unit increase in temperature humidity index (THI) above 70, and heat stress during pregnancy further slows down the growth of the foetus and results in lower birth weight. In tropical and subtropical regions, during hot days, the testicular temperature may increase and impair both the spermatogenic cycle and semen quality, which culminates in decreased bull fertility. The effects of heat stress on livestock can be minimized via adapting suitable scientific strategies comprising physical modifications of the environment, nutritional management and genetic development of breeds that are less sensitive to heat stress. In addition, the summer infertility may be countered through advanced reproductive technologies involving hormonal treatments, timed artificial insemination and embryo transfer, which may enhance the chances for establishing pregnancy in farm animals.",book:{id:"5861",slug:"theriogenology",title:"Theriogenology",fullTitle:"Theriogenology"},signatures:"Govindan Krishnan, Madiajagan Bagath, Prathap Pragna,\nMallenahally Kusha Vidya, Joy Aleena, Payyanakkal Ravindranathan\nArchana, Veerasamy Sejian and Raghavendra Bhatta",authors:[{id:"89780",title:"Dr.",name:"Veerasamy",middleName:null,surname:"Sejian",slug:"veerasamy-sejian",fullName:"Veerasamy Sejian"},{id:"177210",title:"Dr.",name:"Raghavendra",middleName:null,surname:"Bhatta",slug:"raghavendra-bhatta",fullName:"Raghavendra Bhatta"},{id:"177220",title:"Dr.",name:"M",middleName:null,surname:"Bagath",slug:"m-bagath",fullName:"M Bagath"},{id:"201967",title:"Dr.",name:"Govindan",middleName:null,surname:"Krishnan",slug:"govindan-krishnan",fullName:"Govindan Krishnan"},{id:"201968",title:"Ms.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Pr",slug:"archana-pr",fullName:"Archana Pr"},{id:"201969",title:"Ms.",name:"Pragna",middleName:null,surname:"Prathap",slug:"pragna-prathap",fullName:"Pragna Prathap"},{id:"201970",title:"Ms.",name:"Aleena",middleName:null,surname:"Joy",slug:"aleena-joy",fullName:"Aleena Joy"},{id:"201971",title:"Dr.",name:"Vidya",middleName:null,surname:"Mk",slug:"vidya-mk",fullName:"Vidya Mk"}]},{id:"55006",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68650",title:"Immunocastration as Alternative to Surgical Castration in Pigs",slug:"immunocastration-as-alternative-to-surgical-castration-in-pigs",totalDownloads:1931,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:22,abstract:"Surgical castration of piglets is a routine practice in pig production used to prevent the incidence of boar taint of pig meat, which may develop in entire male pigs as they reach puberty. This practice is being presently questioned in the European Union, and there is a strong initiative to end it. The initiative is presently voluntary; however, key stakeholders of European pig production sector have signed a declaration, and the actions undertaken by them already affect the business. Before such new concepts in pig production can be implemented, alternative solutions are needed, one of them being immunocastration. The present chapter will thus focus on the presentation of immunocastration as one of the promising alternatives to surgical castration. Theoretical and practical aspects of immunocastration in pig production will be described, and the advantages and disadvantages of this alternative will be summarised. Physiological principles of immunocastration and impacts on metabolism, growth performance, body composition and meat quality will be described and aspects of public acceptability reviewed.",book:{id:"5861",slug:"theriogenology",title:"Theriogenology",fullTitle:"Theriogenology"},signatures:"Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, Martin Škrlep and Galia Zamaratskaia",authors:[{id:"23161",title:"Dr.",name:"Marjeta",middleName:null,surname:"Čandek-Potokar",slug:"marjeta-candek-potokar",fullName:"Marjeta Čandek-Potokar"},{id:"198220",title:"Dr.",name:"Martin",middleName:null,surname:"Škrlep",slug:"martin-skrlep",fullName:"Martin Škrlep"},{id:"198221",title:"Prof.",name:"Galia",middleName:null,surname:"Zamaratskaia",slug:"galia-zamaratskaia",fullName:"Galia Zamaratskaia"}]},{id:"55696",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69444",title:"Estrus Cycle Monitoring in Wild Mammals: Challenges and Perspectives",slug:"estrus-cycle-monitoring-in-wild-mammals-challenges-and-perspectives",totalDownloads:1888,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:"The knowledge of reproductive physiology is of paramount importance to guide reproductive management and to make possible future application of assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) aiming ex situ conservation of wild mammals. Nevertheless, information on the basic reproductive aspects of wild mammals remain scarce, and appropriate management practices have not yet been developed for all the species. This chapter discusses the methods most currently used for reproductive monitoring in wild females. Additionally, the difficulties regarding their use in different species and the possibilities of these procedures in captivity or in free-living mammals are addressed.",book:{id:"5861",slug:"theriogenology",title:"Theriogenology",fullTitle:"Theriogenology"},signatures:"Alexandre R. Silva, Nei Moreira, Alexsandra F. Pereira, Gislayne C.X.\nPeixoto, Keilla M. Maia, Lívia B. Campos and Alana A. Borges",authors:[{id:"90066",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandre",middleName:"Rodrigues",surname:"Silva",slug:"alexandre-silva",fullName:"Alexandre Silva"},{id:"177090",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexsandra Fernandes",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"alexsandra-fernandes-pereira",fullName:"Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira"},{id:"177093",title:"MSc.",name:"Gislayne Christianne Xavier",middleName:null,surname:"Peixoto",slug:"gislayne-christianne-xavier-peixoto",fullName:"Gislayne Christianne Xavier Peixoto"},{id:"198314",title:"Prof.",name:"Nei",middleName:null,surname:"Moreira",slug:"nei-moreira",fullName:"Nei Moreira"},{id:"198315",title:"MSc.",name:"Keilla Moreira",middleName:null,surname:"Maia",slug:"keilla-moreira-maia",fullName:"Keilla Moreira Maia"},{id:"198316",title:"MSc.",name:"Lívia Batista",middleName:null,surname:"Campos",slug:"livia-batista-campos",fullName:"Lívia Batista Campos"},{id:"198317",title:"MSc.",name:"Alana Azevedo",middleName:null,surname:"Borges",slug:"alana-azevedo-borges",fullName:"Alana Azevedo Borges"}]},{id:"56522",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69549",title:"Role of Melatonin in Reproductive Seasonality in Buffaloes",slug:"role-of-melatonin-in-reproductive-seasonality-in-buffaloes",totalDownloads:1772,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"Buffaloes are characterized by seasonal reproductive activity. Anestrus buffalo heifers and lactating buffaloes were used to study the effect of melatonin treatment on the resumption of ovarian activity during out-of-breeding season. Buffaloes of treated group were injected or implanted with melatonin (18 mg melatonin/50 kg body weight). Using CIDR-eCG protocol preceded with melatonin successfully achieved estrus behavior and induced conception rate during out-of-breeding season. Furthermore, the reproductive performance of buffaloes during out-of-breeding season was clearly improved by melatonin implantation in conjunction with CIDR-eCG protocol due to the luteotrophic effect of melatonin expressed as increasing diameter of CL (corpus luteum) and progesterone concentration. This improvement resulted in greater values of conception rate, in melatonin implanted compared to not implanted buffaloes. Melatonin implantation in anestrus buffalo heifers increased the diameter of largest follicles and melatonin concentration but progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were decreased. In addition, melatonin implantation in anestrus lactating buffaloes increased the SOD (superoxide dismutase) enzyme activity. Sustained release of exogenous melatonin significantly protects against oxidative stress while increasing beneficial total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration in summer-stressed anestrus buffaloes. Melatonin implantation in conjunction with CIDR-eCG protocol successfully improved some blood metabolites, in anestrus buffalo heifers during out-of-breeding season under tropical conditions.",book:{id:"5861",slug:"theriogenology",title:"Theriogenology",fullTitle:"Theriogenology"},signatures:"Tamer Awad Ramadan",authors:[{id:"197651",title:"Dr.",name:"Tamer",middleName:"Awad",surname:"Ramadan",slug:"tamer-ramadan",fullName:"Tamer Ramadan"}]},{id:"54974",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68651",title:"Markers for Sperm Freezability and Relevance of Transcriptome Studies in Semen Cryopreservation: A Review",slug:"markers-for-sperm-freezability-and-relevance-of-transcriptome-studies-in-semen-cryopreservation-a-re",totalDownloads:1618,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:"Advances in sperm assessment techniques have offered new perspectives to improve the technology of semen cryopreservation. This review addresses some recent achievements in the proteomics of seminal plasma and spermatozoa and exemplifies its importance as markers for sperm fertility following cryopreservation. Recent advances in transcriptome studies on sperm RNA-Seq data have generated new information aimed to unravel the physiological roles of RNAs in the sperm-egg fertilization processes and their associations with male fertility. The relevance of the sperm freezability markers and the potential associations of RNA-profiling sequences with the sperm biological functions have been discussed.",book:{id:"5861",slug:"theriogenology",title:"Theriogenology",fullTitle:"Theriogenology"},signatures:"Leyland Fraser",authors:[{id:"199650",title:"Dr.",name:"Leyland",middleName:null,surname:"Fraser",slug:"leyland-fraser",fullName:"Leyland Fraser"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"79344",title:"Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis and Its Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control",slug:"epidemiology-of-bovine-mastitis-and-its-diagnosis-prevention-and-control",totalDownloads:312,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Mastitis is an inflammation of mammary glands that is prevalent in dairy bovines. It causes a significant proportion of economic losses to the dairy farmers in India. Cattle and buffalo farming contribute significantly to the economy of the state. Various infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, and algae may cause mastitis. Hence, it is essential to understand the etiological agents and predisposing factors that lead to mastitis in susceptible bovine populations in Madhya Pradesh state so that appropriate prevention and control strategies can be implemented. In this chapter, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and control measures of mastitis in general and in India, the state of Madhya Pradesh, in particular, will be presented.",book:{id:"10589",slug:"mastitis-in-dairy-cattle-sheep-and-goats",title:"Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats",fullTitle:"Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats"},signatures:"S.D. Audarya, D. Chhabra, R. Sharda, R. Gangil, R. Sikrodia, J. Jogi and N. Shrivastava",authors:[{id:"291434",title:"Dr.",name:"N.",middleName:null,surname:"Shrivastav",slug:"n.-shrivastav",fullName:"N. Shrivastav"},{id:"317236",title:"Dr.",name:"S.D.",middleName:null,surname:"Audarya",slug:"s.d.-audarya",fullName:"S.D. Audarya"},{id:"344698",title:"Dr.",name:"D.",middleName:null,surname:"Chhabra",slug:"d.-chhabra",fullName:"D. Chhabra"},{id:"344699",title:"Dr.",name:"R.",middleName:null,surname:"Sharda",slug:"r.-sharda",fullName:"R. Sharda"},{id:"344700",title:"Dr.",name:"R.",middleName:null,surname:"Gangil",slug:"r.-gangil",fullName:"R. Gangil"},{id:"344702",title:"Dr.",name:"R.",middleName:null,surname:"Sikrodia",slug:"r.-sikrodia",fullName:"R. Sikrodia"},{id:"344703",title:"Dr.",name:"J.",middleName:null,surname:"Jogi",slug:"j.-jogi",fullName:"J. Jogi"}]},{id:"55696",title:"Estrus Cycle Monitoring in Wild Mammals: Challenges and Perspectives",slug:"estrus-cycle-monitoring-in-wild-mammals-challenges-and-perspectives",totalDownloads:1886,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:"The knowledge of reproductive physiology is of paramount importance to guide reproductive management and to make possible future application of assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) aiming ex situ conservation of wild mammals. Nevertheless, information on the basic reproductive aspects of wild mammals remain scarce, and appropriate management practices have not yet been developed for all the species. This chapter discusses the methods most currently used for reproductive monitoring in wild females. Additionally, the difficulties regarding their use in different species and the possibilities of these procedures in captivity or in free-living mammals are addressed.",book:{id:"5861",slug:"theriogenology",title:"Theriogenology",fullTitle:"Theriogenology"},signatures:"Alexandre R. Silva, Nei Moreira, Alexsandra F. Pereira, Gislayne C.X.\nPeixoto, Keilla M. Maia, Lívia B. Campos and Alana A. Borges",authors:[{id:"90066",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandre",middleName:"Rodrigues",surname:"Silva",slug:"alexandre-silva",fullName:"Alexandre Silva"},{id:"177090",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexsandra Fernandes",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"alexsandra-fernandes-pereira",fullName:"Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira"},{id:"177093",title:"MSc.",name:"Gislayne Christianne Xavier",middleName:null,surname:"Peixoto",slug:"gislayne-christianne-xavier-peixoto",fullName:"Gislayne Christianne Xavier Peixoto"},{id:"198314",title:"Prof.",name:"Nei",middleName:null,surname:"Moreira",slug:"nei-moreira",fullName:"Nei Moreira"},{id:"198315",title:"MSc.",name:"Keilla Moreira",middleName:null,surname:"Maia",slug:"keilla-moreira-maia",fullName:"Keilla Moreira Maia"},{id:"198316",title:"MSc.",name:"Lívia Batista",middleName:null,surname:"Campos",slug:"livia-batista-campos",fullName:"Lívia Batista Campos"},{id:"198317",title:"MSc.",name:"Alana Azevedo",middleName:null,surname:"Borges",slug:"alana-azevedo-borges",fullName:"Alana Azevedo Borges"}]},{id:"76529",title:"Mastitis in Small Ruminants",slug:"mastitis-in-small-ruminants",totalDownloads:226,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Bacterial mastitis in small ruminants is a complex disease, with massive economic loss in dairy sheep/goat industry due to poor productivity. The current mastitis prevention strategy relies on culling of infected ewes or does and or the use of antimicrobial agents to eliminate the bacterial infection. This has a potential risk for developing antibiotic resistant bacteria, posing human health risk from consumption of raw sheep or goat dairy products. Existing experimental and licensed vaccines on the market are ineffective against reducing the risk of mastitis in herds or flocks. Raising the needs for development of improved vaccines against mastitis for use in sheep and goats. This review examines, current understanding of the pathological processes and immunological responses against bacterial mastitis, using S. aureus as an example. By highlighting the protective defense mechanism induced in the udder against S. aureus mastitis. Based on evidence from published studies on pathological process and protective immune response mechanism, the need for improved vaccines for prevention of mastitis in small ruminant is highlighted and the development of a vaccine capable of enhancing immune response mechanism, that reduce the establishment of intramammary infection through induction of local IgA, IgG2 and Th17 immune responses is proposed.",book:{id:"10589",slug:"mastitis-in-dairy-cattle-sheep-and-goats",title:"Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats",fullTitle:"Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats"},signatures:"Christine T. Mwenge Kahinda",authors:[{id:"335924",title:"Dr.",name:"Christine T.",middleName:"Christine",surname:"Mwenge Kahinda",slug:"christine-t.-mwenge-kahinda",fullName:"Christine T. Mwenge Kahinda"}]},{id:"55491",title:"Mitigation of the Heat Stress Impact in Livestock Reproduction",slug:"mitigation-of-the-heat-stress-impact-in-livestock-reproduction",totalDownloads:4337,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:24,abstract:"Heat stress affects the fertility and reproductive livestock performance by compromising the physiology reproductive tract, through hormonal imbalance, decreased oocyte quality and poor semen quality, and decreased embryo development and survival. Heat stress decreases the secretion of luteinizing hormone and estradiol resulting in reduced length and intensity of estrus expression, increased incidence of anoestrus and silent heat in farm animals. Oocytes exposed to thermal stress lose its competence for fertilization and development into the blastocyst stage, which results in decreased fertility because of the production of poor quality oocytes and embryos. Furthermore, low progesterone secretion limits the endometrial functions, and subsequently embryo development. In addition, the increased secretion of endometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha during heat stress threatens the maintenance of pregnancy. In general, the percentage of conception rate was found to be reduced by 4.6% for each unit increase in temperature humidity index (THI) above 70, and heat stress during pregnancy further slows down the growth of the foetus and results in lower birth weight. In tropical and subtropical regions, during hot days, the testicular temperature may increase and impair both the spermatogenic cycle and semen quality, which culminates in decreased bull fertility. The effects of heat stress on livestock can be minimized via adapting suitable scientific strategies comprising physical modifications of the environment, nutritional management and genetic development of breeds that are less sensitive to heat stress. In addition, the summer infertility may be countered through advanced reproductive technologies involving hormonal treatments, timed artificial insemination and embryo transfer, which may enhance the chances for establishing pregnancy in farm animals.",book:{id:"5861",slug:"theriogenology",title:"Theriogenology",fullTitle:"Theriogenology"},signatures:"Govindan Krishnan, Madiajagan Bagath, Prathap Pragna,\nMallenahally Kusha Vidya, Joy Aleena, Payyanakkal Ravindranathan\nArchana, Veerasamy Sejian and Raghavendra Bhatta",authors:[{id:"89780",title:"Dr.",name:"Veerasamy",middleName:null,surname:"Sejian",slug:"veerasamy-sejian",fullName:"Veerasamy Sejian"},{id:"177210",title:"Dr.",name:"Raghavendra",middleName:null,surname:"Bhatta",slug:"raghavendra-bhatta",fullName:"Raghavendra Bhatta"},{id:"177220",title:"Dr.",name:"M",middleName:null,surname:"Bagath",slug:"m-bagath",fullName:"M Bagath"},{id:"201967",title:"Dr.",name:"Govindan",middleName:null,surname:"Krishnan",slug:"govindan-krishnan",fullName:"Govindan Krishnan"},{id:"201968",title:"Ms.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Pr",slug:"archana-pr",fullName:"Archana Pr"},{id:"201969",title:"Ms.",name:"Pragna",middleName:null,surname:"Prathap",slug:"pragna-prathap",fullName:"Pragna Prathap"},{id:"201970",title:"Ms.",name:"Aleena",middleName:null,surname:"Joy",slug:"aleena-joy",fullName:"Aleena Joy"},{id:"201971",title:"Dr.",name:"Vidya",middleName:null,surname:"Mk",slug:"vidya-mk",fullName:"Vidya Mk"}]},{id:"79839",title:"Antimicrobial Usage for the Management of Mastitis in the USA: Impacts on Antimicrobial Resistance and Potential Alternative Approaches",slug:"antimicrobial-usage-for-the-management-of-mastitis-in-the-usa-impacts-on-antimicrobial-resistance-an",totalDownloads:176,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Mastitis is the most frequently diagnosed disease of dairy cattle responsible for the reduction in milk quantity and quality and major economic losses. Dairy farmers use antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of mastitis. Frequent antimicrobial usage (AMU) undeniably increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria from dairy farms. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) from dairy farms can spread to humans directly through contact with carrier animals or indirectly through the consumption of raw milk or undercooked meat from culled dairy cows. Indirect spread from dairy farms to humans can also be through dairy manure fertilized vegetables or run-off waters from dairy farms to the environment. The most frequently used antibiotics in dairy farms are medically important and high-priority classes of antibiotics. As a result, dairy farms are considered one of the potential reservoirs of ARB and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). To mitigate the rise of ARB in dairy farms, reducing AMU by adopting one or more of alternative disease control methods such as good herd health management, selective dry-cow therapy, probiotics, and others is critically important. This chapter is a concise review of the effects of antimicrobials usage to control mastitis in dairy cattle farms and its potential impact on human health.",book:{id:"10589",slug:"mastitis-in-dairy-cattle-sheep-and-goats",title:"Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats",fullTitle:"Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats"},signatures:"Benti D. Gelalcha, Getahun E. Agga and Oudessa Kerro Dego",authors:[{id:"283019",title:"Dr.",name:"Oudessa",middleName:null,surname:"Kerro Dego",slug:"oudessa-kerro-dego",fullName:"Oudessa Kerro Dego"},{id:"332974",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Benti D.",middleName:"Deresa",surname:"Gelalcha",slug:"benti-d.-gelalcha",fullName:"Benti D. Gelalcha"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"302",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:91,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:332,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:142,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:124,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",issn:null,scope:"\r\n\tEducation and Human Development is an interdisciplinary research area that aims to shed light on topics related to both learning and development. This Series is intended for researchers, practitioners, and students who are interested in understanding more about these fields and their applications.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/23.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 17th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:0,editor:{id:"280770",title:"Dr.",name:"Katherine K.M.",middleName:null,surname:"Stavropoulos",slug:"katherine-k.m.-stavropoulos",fullName:"Katherine K.M. Stavropoulos",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRdFuQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-24T09:03:48.jpg",biography:"Katherine Stavropoulos received her BA in Psychology from Trinity College, in Connecticut, USA and her Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from the University of California, San Diego. She completed her postdoctoral work at the Yale Child Study Center with Dr. James McPartland. Dr. Stavropoulos’ doctoral dissertation explored neural correlates of reward anticipation to social versus nonsocial stimuli in children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). She has been a faculty member at the University of California, Riverside in the School of Education since 2016. Her research focuses on translational studies to explore the reward system in ASD, as well as how anxiety contributes to social challenges in ASD. She also investigates how behavioral interventions affect neural activity, behavior, and school performance in children with ASD. She is also involved in the diagnosis of children with ASD and is a licensed clinical psychologist in California. She is the Assistant Director of the SEARCH Center at UCR and is a faculty member in the Graduate Program in Neuroscience.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of California, Riverside",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:2,paginationItems:[{id:"89",title:"Education",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/89.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!1,editor:{id:"260066",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Michail",middleName:null,surname:"Kalogiannakis",slug:"michail-kalogiannakis",fullName:"Michail Kalogiannakis",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/260066/images/system/260066.jpg",biography:"Michail Kalogiannakis is an Associate Professor of the Department of Preschool Education, University of Crete, and an Associate Tutor at School of Humanities at the Hellenic Open University. He graduated from the Physics Department of the University of Crete and continued his post-graduate studies at the University Paris 7-Denis Diderot (D.E.A. in Didactic of Physics), University Paris 5-René Descartes-Sorbonne (D.E.A. in Science Education) and received his Ph.D. degree at the University Paris 5-René Descartes-Sorbonne (PhD in Science Education). His research interests include science education in early childhood, science teaching and learning, e-learning, the use of ICT in science education, games simulations, and mobile learning. He has published over 120 articles in international conferences and journals and has served on the program committees of numerous international conferences.",institutionString:"University of Crete",institution:{name:"University of Crete",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},editorTwo:{id:"422488",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Ampartzaki",slug:"maria-ampartzaki",fullName:"Maria Ampartzaki",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/422488/images/system/422488.jpg",biography:"Dr Maria Ampartzaki is an Assistant Professor in Early Childhood Education in the Department of Preschool Education at the University of Crete. Her research interests include ICT in education, science education in the early years, inquiry-based and art-based learning, teachers’ professional development, action research, and the Pedagogy of Multiliteracies, among others. She has run and participated in several funded and non-funded projects on the teaching of Science, Social Sciences, and ICT in education. She also has the experience of participating in five Erasmus+ projects.",institutionString:"University of Crete",institution:{name:"University of Crete",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},editorThree:null},{id:"90",title:"Human Development",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/90.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"191040",title:"Dr.",name:"Tal",middleName:null,surname:"Dotan Ben-Soussan",slug:"tal-dotan-ben-soussan",fullName:"Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBf1QAG/Profile_Picture_2022-03-18T07:56:11.jpg",biography:"Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan, Ph.D., is the director of the Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics (RINED) – Paoletti Foundation. Ben-Soussan leads international studies on training and neuroplasticity from neurophysiological and psychobiological perspectives. As a neuroscientist and bio-psychologist, she has published numerous articles on neuroplasticity, movement and meditation. She acts as an editor and reviewer in several renowned journals and coordinates international conferences integrating theoretical, methodological and practical approaches on various topics, such as silence, logics and neuro-education. She lives in Assisi, Italy.",institutionString:"Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:12,paginationItems:[{id:"83113",title:"Agoraphobic Dispositions towards Action Research: Teacher Education Students’ Perceptions and Experiences",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106188",signatures:"Davison Zireva",slug:"agoraphobic-dispositions-towards-action-research-teacher-education-students-perceptions-and-experien",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:null,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Davison",surname:"Zireva"}],book:{title:"Active Learning - Research and Practice for STEAM and social sciences education",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11481.jpg",subseries:{id:"89",title:"Education"}}},{id:"83053",title:"Apologies in L2 French in Canadian Context",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106557",signatures:"Bernard Mulo Farenkia",slug:"apologies-in-l2-french-in-canadian-context",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Bernard",surname:"Mulo Farenkia"}],book:{title:"Second Language Acquisition - Learning Theories and Recent Approaches",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11480.jpg",subseries:{id:"89",title:"Education"}}},{id:"82903",title:"Walking Accessibility to Primary Healthcare Services: An Inequity Factor for Olders in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Portugal)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106265",signatures:"Eduarda Marques da Costa, Ana Louro, Nuno Marques da Costa, Mariana Dias and Marcela Barata",slug:"walking-accessibility-to-primary-healthcare-services-an-inequity-factor-for-olders-in-the-lisbon-met",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Social Aspects of Ageing - Selected Challenges, Analyses, and Solutions",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11479.jpg",subseries:{id:"90",title:"Human Development"}}},{id:"82622",title:"Contemporary Geographical Gerontology: Reconciling Space and Place in Population Ageing",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105863",signatures:"Hamish Robertson",slug:"contemporary-geographical-gerontology-reconciling-space-and-place-in-population-ageing",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Hamish",surname:"Robertson"}],book:{title:"Social Aspects of Ageing - Selected Challenges, Analyses, and Solutions",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11479.jpg",subseries:{id:"90",title:"Human Development"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{id:"11568",title:"Staphylococcal Infections - Recent Advances and Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11568.jpg",hash:"92c881664d1921c7f2d0fee34b78cd08",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"July 8th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"59719",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaime",surname:"Bustos-Martínez",slug:"jaime-bustos-martinez",fullName:"Jaime Bustos-Martínez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:21,paginationItems:[{id:"83000",title:"Purine and Pyrimidine Pathways as Antimalarial Targets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106468",signatures:"Yacoba V.T. Minnow and Vern L. Schramm",slug:"purine-and-pyrimidine-pathways-as-antimalarial-targets",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:null,authors:null,book:{title:"Malaria - Recent Advances, and New Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11576.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"83065",title:"Interventions and Practical Approaches to Reduce the Burden of Malaria on School-Aged Children",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106469",signatures:"Andrew Macnab",slug:"interventions-and-practical-approaches-to-reduce-the-burden-of-malaria-on-school-aged-children",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Andrew",surname:"Macnab"}],book:{title:"Malaria - Recent Advances, and New Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11576.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82804",title:"Psychiatric Problems in HIV Care",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106077",signatures:"Seggane Musisi and Noeline Nakasujja",slug:"psychiatric-problems-in-hiv-care",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Future Opportunities and Tools for Emerging Challenges for HIV/AIDS Control",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11575.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82827",title:"Epidemiology and Control of Schistosomiasis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105170",signatures:"Célestin Kyambikwa Bisangamo",slug:"epidemiology-and-control-of-schistosomiasis",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"New Horizons for Schistosomiasis Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10829.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82817",title:"Perspective Chapter: Microfluidic Technologies for On-Site Detection and Quantification of Infectious Diseases - The Experience with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105950",signatures:"Andres Escobar and Chang-qing Xu",slug:"perspective-chapter-microfluidic-technologies-for-on-site-detection-and-quantification-of-infectious",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82667",title:"Perspective Chapter: Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Indirect Spreading Routes and Possible Countermeasures",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105914",signatures:"Cesare Saccani, Marco Pellegrini and Alessandro Guzzini",slug:"perspective-chapter-analysis-of-sars-cov-2-indirect-spreading-routes-and-possible-countermeasures",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82559",title:"Perspective Chapter: Bioinformatics Study of the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105915",signatures:"Črtomir Podlipnik, Radostina Alexandrova, Sebastian Pleško, Urban Bren and Marko Jukič",slug:"perspective-chapter-bioinformatics-study-of-the-evolution-of-sars-cov-2-spike-protein",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82521",title:"Challenges in Platelet Functions in HIV/AIDS Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105731",signatures:"Gordon Ogweno",slug:"challenges-in-platelet-functions-in-hiv-aids-management",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Future Opportunities and Tools for Emerging Challenges for HIV/AIDS Control",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11575.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82701",title:"Pathology of Streptococcal Infections",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105814",signatures:"Yutaka Tsutsumi",slug:"pathology-of-streptococcal-infections",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Yutaka",surname:"Tsutsumi"}],book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82634",title:"Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105747",signatures:"Lebeza Alemu Tenaw",slug:"bacterial-sexually-transmitted-disease",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections - New Findings, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11569.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Fungal Infectious Diseases",value:4,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",value:3,count:5,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",value:5,count:5,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Viral Infectious Diseases",value:6,count:10,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:33,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10840",title:"Benzimidazole",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",slug:"benzimidazole",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Pravin Kendrekar and Vinayak Adimule",hash:"e28c770013e7a8dd0fc37aea6aa9def8",volumeInSeries:34,fullTitle:"Benzimidazole",editors:[{id:"310674",title:"Dr.",name:"Pravin",middleName:null,surname:"Kendrekar",slug:"pravin-kendrekar",fullName:"Pravin Kendrekar",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/310674/images/system/310674.jpg",institutionString:"Visiting Scientist at Lipid Nanostructures Laboratory, Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10798",title:"Starch",subtitle:"Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",slug:"starch-evolution-and-recent-advances",publishedDate:"June 28th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",hash:"f197f6062c1574a9a90e50a369271bcf",volumeInSeries:33,fullTitle:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",editors:[{id:"94311",title:"Prof.",name:"Martins",middleName:"Ochubiojo",surname:"Ochubiojo Emeje",slug:"martins-ochubiojo-emeje",fullName:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94311/images/system/94311.jpeg",institutionString:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",institution:{name:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Nigeria"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",volumeInSeries:32,fullTitle:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195290/images/system/195290.png",institutionString:"Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi",institution:{name:"Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10839",title:"Protein Detection",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10839.jpg",slug:"protein-detection",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Yusuf Tutar and Lütfi Tutar",hash:"2f1c0e4e0207fc45c936e7d22a5369c4",volumeInSeries:31,fullTitle:"Protein Detection",editors:[{id:"158492",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Tutar",slug:"yusuf-tutar",fullName:"Yusuf Tutar",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/158492/images/system/158492.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Health Sciences",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10797",title:"Cell Culture",subtitle:"Advanced Technology and Applications in Medical and Life Sciences",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10797.jpg",slug:"cell-culture-advanced-technology-and-applications-in-medical-and-life-sciences",publishedDate:"June 15th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Xianquan Zhan",hash:"2c628f4757f9639a4450728d839a7842",volumeInSeries:30,fullTitle:"Cell Culture - Advanced Technology and Applications in Medical and Life Sciences",editors:[{id:"223233",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/223233/images/system/223233.png",institutionString:"Shandong First Medical University",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10841",title:"Hydrolases",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10841.jpg",slug:"hydrolases",publishedDate:"June 15th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Sajjad Haider, Adnan Haider and Angel Catalá",hash:"4e868cde273d65a7ff54b1817d640629",volumeInSeries:29,fullTitle:"Hydrolases",editors:[{id:"110708",title:"Dr.",name:"Sajjad",middleName:null,surname:"Haider",slug:"sajjad-haider",fullName:"Sajjad Haider",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/110708/images/system/110708.png",institutionString:"King Saud University",institution:{name:"King Saud University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",volumeInSeries:28,fullTitle:"Reactive Oxygen Species",editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9008",title:"Vitamin K",subtitle:"Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9008.jpg",slug:"vitamin-k-recent-topics-on-the-biology-and-chemistry",publishedDate:"March 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hiroyuki Kagechika and Hitoshi Shirakawa",hash:"8b43add5389ba85743e0a9491e4b9943",volumeInSeries:27,fullTitle:"Vitamin K - Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",editors:[{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10799",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10799.jpg",slug:"phenolic-compounds-chemistry-synthesis-diversity-non-conventional-industrial-pharmaceutical-and-therapeutic-applications",publishedDate:"February 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",hash:"339199f254d2987ef3167eef74fb8a38",volumeInSeries:26,fullTitle:"Phenolic Compounds - Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9659",title:"Fibroblasts",subtitle:"Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9659.jpg",slug:"fibroblasts-advances-in-inflammation-autoimmunity-and-cancer",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj and Katja Lakota",hash:"926fa6446f6befbd363fc74971a56de2",volumeInSeries:25,fullTitle:"Fibroblasts - Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",editors:[{id:"328755",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mojca",middleName:null,surname:"Frank Bertoncelj",slug:"mojca-frank-bertoncelj",fullName:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/328755/images/system/328755.jpg",institutionString:"BioMed X Institute",institution:{name:"University Hospital of Zurich",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Switzerland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinases",subtitle:"Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",slug:"protein-kinases-promising-targets-for-anticancer-drug-research",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rajesh Kumar Singh",hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",volumeInSeries:24,fullTitle:"Protein Kinases - Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8018",title:"Extracellular Matrix",subtitle:"Developments and Therapeutics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8018.jpg",slug:"extracellular-matrix-developments-and-therapeutics",publishedDate:"October 27th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula, Joseph Orgel P.R.O. and Zvi Loewy",hash:"c85e82851e80b40282ff9be99ddf2046",volumeInSeries:23,fullTitle:"Extracellular Matrix - Developments and Therapeutics",editors:[{id:"212416",title:"Dr.",name:"Rama Sashank",middleName:null,surname:"Madhurapantula",slug:"rama-sashank-madhurapantula",fullName:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212416/images/system/212416.jpg",institutionString:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institution:{name:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:4},{group:"subseries",caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:6},{group:"subseries",caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:9},{group:"subseries",caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:14}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:9},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:7},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:12},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:2}],authors:{paginationCount:755,paginationItems:[{id:"310674",title:"Dr.",name:"Pravin",middleName:null,surname:"Kendrekar",slug:"pravin-kendrekar",fullName:"Pravin Kendrekar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/310674/images/system/310674.jpg",biography:"Dr. Pravin Kendrekar, MSc, MBA, Ph.D., is currently a visiting scientist at the Lipid Nanostructure Laboratory, University of Central Lancashire, England. He previously worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Israel; University of the Free State, South Africa; and Central University of Technology Bloemfontein, South Africa. He obtained his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan. He has published more than seventy-four journal articles and attended several national and international conferences as speaker and chair. Dr. Kendrekar has received many international awards. He has several funded projects, namely, anti-malaria drug development, MRSA, and SARS-CoV-2 activity of curcumin and its formulations. He has filed four patents in collaboration with the University of Central Lancashire and Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases. His present research includes organic synthesis, drug discovery and development, biochemistry, nanoscience, and nanotechnology.",institutionString:"Visiting Scientist at Lipid Nanostructures Laboratory, Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire",institution:null},{id:"428125",title:"Dr.",name:"Vinayak",middleName:null,surname:"Adimule",slug:"vinayak-adimule",fullName:"Vinayak Adimule",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/428125/images/system/428125.jpg",biography:"Dr. Vinayak Adimule, MSc, Ph.D., is a professor and dean of R&D, Angadi Institute of Technology and Management, India. He has 15 years of research experience as a senior research scientist and associate research scientist in R&D organizations. He has published more than fifty research articles as well as several book chapters. He has two Indian patents and two international patents to his credit. Dr. Adimule has attended, chaired, and presented papers at national and international conferences. He is a guest editor for Topics in Catalysis and other journals. He is also an editorial board member, life member, and associate member for many international societies and research institutions. His research interests include nanoelectronics, material chemistry, artificial intelligence, sensors and actuators, bio-nanomaterials, and medicinal chemistry.",institutionString:"Angadi Institute of Technology and Management",institution:null},{id:"284317",title:"Prof.",name:"Kantharaju",middleName:null,surname:"Kamanna",slug:"kantharaju-kamanna",fullName:"Kantharaju Kamanna",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/284317/images/21050_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. K. Kantharaju has received Bachelor of science (PCM), master of science (Organic Chemistry) and Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry from Bangalore University. He worked as a Executive Research & Development @ Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad. He received DBT-postdoc fellow @ Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore under the supervision of Prof. P. Balaram, later he moved to NIH-postdoc researcher at Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA, after his return from postdoc joined NITK-Surthakal as a Adhoc faculty at department of chemistry. Since from August 2013 working as a Associate Professor, and in 2016 promoted to Profeesor in the School of Basic Sciences: Department of Chemistry and having 20 years of teaching and research experiences.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rani Channamma University, Belagavi",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"158492",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Tutar",slug:"yusuf-tutar",fullName:"Yusuf Tutar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/158492/images/system/158492.jpeg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Yusuf Tutar conducts his research at the Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Turkey. He is also a faculty member in the Molecular Oncology Program. He obtained his MSc and Ph.D. at Oregon State University and Texas Tech University, respectively. He pursued his postdoctoral studies at Rutgers University Medical School and the National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIDDK), USA. His research focuses on biochemistry, biophysics, genetics, molecular biology, and molecular medicine with specialization in the fields of drug design, protein structure-function, protein folding, prions, microRNA, pseudogenes, molecular cancer, epigenetics, metabolites, proteomics, genomics, protein expression, and characterization by spectroscopic and calorimetric methods.",institutionString:"University of Health Sciences",institution:null},{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",biography:"Hiroyuki Kagechika received his bachelor’s degree and Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Tokyo, Japan, where he served as an associate professor until 2004. He is currently a professor at the Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU). From 2010 to 2012, he was the dean of the Graduate School of Biomedical Science. Since 2012, he has served as the vice dean of the Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences. He has been the director of the IBB since 2020. Dr. Kagechika’s major research interests are the medicinal chemistry of retinoids, vitamins D/K, and nuclear receptors. He has developed various compounds including a drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia.",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"94311",title:"Prof.",name:"Martins",middleName:"Ochubiojo",surname:"Ochubiojo Emeje",slug:"martins-ochubiojo-emeje",fullName:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94311/images/system/94311.jpeg",biography:"Martins Emeje obtained a BPharm with distinction from Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, and an MPharm and Ph.D. from the University of Nigeria (UNN), where he received the best Ph.D. award and was enlisted as UNN’s “Face of Research.” He established the first nanomedicine center in Nigeria and was the pioneer head of the intellectual property and technology transfer as well as the technology innovation and support center. Prof. Emeje’s several international fellowships include the prestigious Raman fellowship. He has published more than 150 articles and patents. He is also the head of R&D at NIPRD and holds a visiting professor position at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria. He has a postgraduate certificate in Project Management from Walden University, Minnesota, as well as a professional teaching certificate and a World Bank certification in Public Procurement. Prof. Emeje was a national chairman of academic pharmacists in Nigeria and the 2021 winner of the May & Baker Nigeria Plc–sponsored prize for professional service in research and innovation.",institutionString:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",institution:{name:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"436430",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Mesut",middleName:null,surname:"Işık",slug:"mesut-isik",fullName:"Mesut Işık",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/436430/images/19686_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bilecik University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"268659",title:"Ms.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/268659/images/8143_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Zhan received his undergraduate and graduate training in the fields of preventive medicine and epidemiology and statistics at the West China University of Medical Sciences in China during 1989 to 1999. He received his post-doctoral training in oncology and cancer proteomics for two years at the Cancer Research Institute of Human Medical University in China. In 2001, he went to the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) in USA, where he was a post-doctoral researcher and focused on mass spectrometry and cancer proteomics. Then, he was appointed as an Assistant Professor of Neurology, UTHSC in 2005. He moved to the Cleveland Clinic in USA as a Project Scientist/Staff in 2006 where he focused on the studies of eye disease proteomics and biomarkers. He returned to UTHSC as an Assistant Professor of Neurology in the end of 2007, engaging in proteomics and biomarker studies of lung diseases and brain tumors, and initiating the studies of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in cancer. In 2010, he was promoted to Associate Professor of Neurology, UTHSC. Currently, he is a Professor at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China, Fellow of Royal Society of Medicine (FRSM), the European EPMA National Representative in China, Regular Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), European Cooperation of Science and Technology (e-COST) grant evaluator, Associate Editors of BMC Genomics, BMC Medical Genomics, EPMA Journal, and Frontiers in Endocrinology, Executive Editor-in-Chief of Med One. He has\npublished 116 peer-reviewed research articles, 16 book chapters, 2 books, and 2 US patents. His current main research interest focuses on the studies of cancer proteomics and biomarkers, and the use of modern omics techniques and systems biology for PPPM in cancer, and on the development and use of 2DE-LC/MS for the large-scale study of human proteoforms.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Xiangya Hospital Central South University",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Rizwan Ahmad is a University Professor and Coordinator, Quality and Development, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Previously, he was Associate Professor of Human Function, Oman Medical College, Oman, and SBS University, Dehradun. Dr. Ahmad completed his education at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. He has published several articles in peer-reviewed journals, chapters, and edited books. His area of specialization is free radical biochemistry and autoimmune diseases.",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",biography:"Farid A. Badria, Ph.D., is the recipient of several awards, including The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Prize for Public Understanding of Science; the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Gold Medal for best invention; Outstanding Arab Scholar, Kuwait; and the Khwarizmi International Award, Iran. He has 250 publications, 12 books, 20 patents, and several marketed pharmaceutical products to his credit. He continues to lead research projects on developing new therapies for liver, skin disorders, and cancer. Dr. Badria was listed among the world’s top 2% of scientists in medicinal and biomolecular chemistry in 2019 and 2020. He is a member of the Arab Development Fund, Kuwait; International Cell Research Organization–United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICRO–UNESCO), Chile; and UNESCO Biotechnology France",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",biography:"Dr. Singh received a BPharm (2003) and MPharm (2005) from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, and a Ph.D. (2013) from Punjab Technical University (PTU), Jalandhar, India. He has more than sixteen years of teaching experience and has supervised numerous postgraduate and Ph.D. students. He has to his credit more than seventy papers in SCI- and SCOPUS-indexed journals, fifty-five conference proceedings, four books, six Best Paper Awards, and five projects from different government agencies. He is currently an editorial board member of eight international journals and a reviewer for more than fifty scientific journals. He received Top Reviewer and Excellent Peer Reviewer Awards from Publons in 2016 and 2017, respectively. He is also on the panel of The International Reviewer for reviewing research proposals for grants from the Royal Society. He also serves as a Publons Academy mentor and Bentham brand ambassador.",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"142388",title:"Dr.",name:"Thiago",middleName:"Gomes",surname:"Gomes Heck",slug:"thiago-gomes-heck",fullName:"Thiago Gomes Heck",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/142388/images/7259_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"336273",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Janja",middleName:null,surname:"Zupan",slug:"janja-zupan",fullName:"Janja Zupan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/336273/images/14853_n.jpeg",biography:"Janja Zupan graduated in 2005 at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (superviser prof. dr. Janja Marc) in the field of genetics of osteoporosis. Since November 2009 she is working as a Teaching Assistant at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry. In 2011 she completed part of her research and PhD work at Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh. She finished her PhD entitled The influence of the proinflammatory cytokines on the RANK/RANKL/OPG in bone tissue of osteoporotic and osteoarthritic patients in 2012. From 2014-2016 she worked at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen as a postdoctoral research fellow on UK Arthritis research project where she gained knowledge in mesenchymal stem cells and regenerative medicine. She returned back to University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy in 2016. She is currently leading project entitled Mesenchymal stem cells-the keepers of tissue endogenous regenerative capacity facing up to aging of the musculoskeletal system funded by Slovenian Research Agency.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ljubljana",country:{name:"Slovenia"}}},{id:"357453",title:"Dr.",name:"Radheshyam",middleName:null,surname:"Maurya",slug:"radheshyam-maurya",fullName:"Radheshyam Maurya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/357453/images/16535_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Hyderabad",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"418340",title:"Dr.",name:"Jyotirmoi",middleName:null,surname:"Aich",slug:"jyotirmoi-aich",fullName:"Jyotirmoi Aich",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038Ugi5QAC/Profile_Picture_2022-04-15T07:48:28.png",biography:"Biotechnologist with 15 years of research including 6 years of teaching experience. Demonstrated record of scientific achievements through consistent publication record (H index = 13, with 874 citations) in high impact journals such as Nature Communications, Oncotarget, Annals of Oncology, PNAS, and AJRCCM, etc. Strong research professional with a post-doctorate from ACTREC where I gained experimental oncology experience in clinical settings and a doctorate from IGIB where I gained expertise in asthma pathophysiology. A well-trained biotechnologist with diverse experience on the bench across different research themes ranging from asthma to cancer and other infectious diseases. An individual with a strong commitment and innovative mindset. Have the ability to work on diverse projects such as regenerative and molecular medicine with an overall mindset of improving healthcare.",institutionString:"DY Patil Deemed to Be University",institution:null},{id:"349288",title:"Prof.",name:"Soumya",middleName:null,surname:"Basu",slug:"soumya-basu",fullName:"Soumya Basu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035QxIDQA0/Profile_Picture_2022-04-15T07:47:01.jpg",biography:"Soumya Basu, Ph.D., is currently working as an Associate Professor at Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India. With 16+ years of trans-disciplinary research experience in Drug Design, development, and pre-clinical validation; 20+ research article publications in journals of repute, 9+ years of teaching experience, trained with cross-disciplinary education, Dr. Basu is a life-long learner and always thrives for new challenges.\r\nHer research area is the design and synthesis of small molecule partial agonists of PPAR-γ in lung cancer. She is also using artificial intelligence and deep learning methods to understand the exosomal miRNA’s role in cancer metastasis. Dr. Basu is the recipient of many awards including the Early Career Research Award from the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. She is a reviewer of many journals like Molecular Biology Reports, Frontiers in Oncology, RSC Advances, PLOS ONE, Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, etc. She has edited and authored/co-authored 21 journal papers, 3 book chapters, and 15 abstracts. She is a Board of Studies member at her university. She is a life member of 'The Cytometry Society”-in India and 'All India Cell Biology Society”- in India.",institutionString:"Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune",institution:{name:"Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"354817",title:"Dr.",name:"Anubhab",middleName:null,surname:"Mukherjee",slug:"anubhab-mukherjee",fullName:"Anubhab Mukherjee",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y0000365PbRQAU/ProfilePicture%202022-04-15%2005%3A11%3A18.480",biography:"A former member of Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, USA, Dr. Anubhab Mukherjee is an ardent votary of science who strives to make an impact in the lives of those afflicted with cancer and other chronic/acute ailments. He completed his Ph.D. from CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India, having been skilled with RNAi, liposomal drug delivery, preclinical cell and animal studies. He pursued post-doctoral research at College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A & M University and was involved in another postdoctoral research at Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California. In 2015, he worked in Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology as a visiting scientist. He has substantial experience in nanotechnology-based formulation development and successfully served various Indian organizations to develop pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical products. He is an inventor in many US patents and an author in many peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and books published in various media of international repute. Dr. Mukherjee is currently serving as Principal Scientist, R&D at Esperer Onco Nutrition (EON) Pvt. Ltd. and heads the Hyderabad R&D center of the organization.",institutionString:"Esperer Onco Nutrition Pvt Ltd.",institution:null},{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/319365/images/system/319365.png",biography:"Manash K. Paul is a scientist and Principal Investigator at the University of California Los Angeles. He has contributed significantly to the fields of stem cell biology, regenerative medicine, and lung cancer. His research focuses on various signaling processes involved in maintaining stem cell homeostasis during the injury-repair process, deciphering the lung stem cell niche, pulmonary disease modeling, immuno-oncology, and drug discovery. He is currently investigating the role of extracellular vesicles in premalignant lung cell migration and detecting the metastatic phenotype of lung cancer via artificial intelligence-based analyses of exosomal Raman signatures. Dr. Paul also works on spatial multiplex immunofluorescence-based tissue mapping to understand the immune repertoire in lung cancer. Dr. Paul has published in more than sixty-five peer-reviewed international journals and is highly cited. He is the recipient of many awards, including the UCLA Vice Chancellor’s award and the 2022 AAISCR-R Vijayalaxmi Award for Innovative Cancer Research. He is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and an editorial board member for several international journals.",institutionString:"University of California Los Angeles",institution:{name:"University of California Los Angeles",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"311457",title:"Dr.",name:"Júlia",middleName:null,surname:"Scherer Santos",slug:"julia-scherer-santos",fullName:"Júlia Scherer Santos",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/311457/images/system/311457.jpg",biography:"Dr. Júlia Scherer Santos works in the areas of cosmetology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical technology, beauty, and aesthetics. Dr. Santos also has experience as a professor of graduate courses. Graduated in Pharmacy, specialization in Cosmetology and Cosmeceuticals applied to aesthetics, specialization in Aesthetic and Cosmetic Health, and a doctorate in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. Teaching experience in Pharmacy and Aesthetics and Cosmetics courses. She works mainly on the following subjects: nanotechnology, cosmetology, pharmaceutical technology, aesthetics.",institutionString:"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"219081",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdulsamed",middleName:null,surname:"Kükürt",slug:"abdulsamed-kukurt",fullName:"Abdulsamed Kükürt",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/219081/images/system/219081.png",biography:"Dr. Kükürt graduated from Uludağ University in Turkey. He started his academic career as a Research Assistant in the Department of Biochemistry at Kafkas University. In 2019, he completed his Ph.D. program in the Department of Biochemistry at the Institute of Health Sciences. He is currently working at the Department of Biochemistry, Kafkas University. He has 27 published research articles in academic journals, 11 book chapters, and 37 papers. He took part in 10 academic projects. He served as a reviewer for many articles. He still serves as a member of the review board in many academic journals. He is currently working on the protective activity of phenolic compounds in disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kafkas University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"178366",title:"Dr.",name:"Volkan",middleName:null,surname:"Gelen",slug:"volkan-gelen",fullName:"Volkan Gelen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178366/images/system/178366.jpg",biography:"Volkan Gelen is a Physiology specialist who received his veterinary degree from Kafkas University in 2011. Between 2011-2015, he worked as an assistant at Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. In 2016, he joined Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology as an assistant professor. Dr. Gelen has been engaged in various academic activities at Kafkas University since 2016. There he completed 5 projects and has 3 ongoing projects. He has 60 articles published in scientific journals and 20 poster presentations in scientific congresses. His research interests include physiology, endocrine system, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular system diseases, and isolated organ bath system studies.",institutionString:"Kafkas University",institution:{name:"Kafkas University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"418963",title:"Dr.",name:"Augustine Ododo",middleName:"Augustine",surname:"Osagie",slug:"augustine-ododo-osagie",fullName:"Augustine Ododo Osagie",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/418963/images/16900_n.jpg",biography:"Born into the family of Osagie, a prince of the Benin Kingdom. I am currently an academic in the Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Benin. Part of the duties are to teach undergraduate students and conduct academic research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Benin",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/192992/images/system/192992.png",biography:"Prof. Shagufta Perveen is a Distinguish Professor in the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Perveen has acted as the principal investigator of major research projects funded by the research unit of King Saud University. She has more than ninety original research papers in peer-reviewed journals of international repute to her credit. She is a fellow member of the Royal Society of Chemistry UK and the American Chemical Society of the United States.",institutionString:"King Saud University",institution:{name:"King Saud University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"49848",title:"Dr.",name:"Wen-Long",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",slug:"wen-long-hu",fullName:"Wen-Long Hu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49848/images/system/49848.jpg",biography:"Wen-Long Hu is Chief of the Division of Acupuncture, Department of Chinese Medicine at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, as well as an adjunct associate professor at Fooyin University and Kaohsiung Medical University. Wen-Long is President of Taiwan Traditional Chinese Medicine Medical Association. He has 28 years of experience in clinical practice in laser acupuncture therapy and 34 years in acupuncture. He is an invited speaker for lectures and workshops in laser acupuncture at many symposiums held by medical associations. He owns the patent for herbal preparation and producing, and for the supercritical fluid-treated needle. Dr. Hu has published three books, 12 book chapters, and more than 30 papers in reputed journals, besides serving as an editorial board member of repute.",institutionString:"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital",institution:{name:"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"298472",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrey V.",middleName:null,surname:"Grechko",slug:"andrey-v.-grechko",fullName:"Andrey V. Grechko",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/298472/images/system/298472.png",biography:"Andrey Vyacheslavovich Grechko, Ph.D., Professor, is a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He graduated from the Semashko Moscow Medical Institute (Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health) with a degree in Medicine (1998), the Clinical Department of Dermatovenerology (2000), and received a second higher education in Psychology (2009). Professor A.V. Grechko held the position of Сhief Physician of the Central Clinical Hospital in Moscow. He worked as a professor at the faculty and was engaged in scientific research at the Medical University. Starting in 2013, he has been the initiator of the creation of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Intensive Care and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation, where he also serves as Director since 2015. He has many years of experience in research and teaching in various fields of medicine, is an author/co-author of more than 200 scientific publications, 13 patents, 15 medical books/chapters, including Chapter in Book «Metabolomics», IntechOpen, 2020 «Metabolomic Discovery of Microbiota Dysfunction as the Cause of Pathology».",institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null},{id:"199461",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalia V.",middleName:null,surname:"Beloborodova",slug:"natalia-v.-beloborodova",fullName:"Natalia V. Beloborodova",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/199461/images/system/199461.jpg",biography:'Natalia Vladimirovna Beloborodova was educated at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, with a degree in pediatrics in 1980, a Ph.D. in 1987, and a specialization in Clinical Microbiology from First Moscow State Medical University in 2004. She has been a Professor since 1996. Currently, she is the Head of the Laboratory of Metabolism, a division of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation. N.V. Beloborodova has many years of clinical experience in the field of intensive care and surgery. She studies infectious complications and sepsis. She initiated a series of interdisciplinary clinical and experimental studies based on the concept of integrating human metabolism and its microbiota. Her scientific achievements are widely known: she is the recipient of the Marie E. Coates Award \\"Best lecturer-scientist\\" Gustafsson Fund, Karolinska Institutes, Stockholm, Sweden, and the International Sepsis Forum Award, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France (2014), etc. Professor N.V. Beloborodova wrote 210 papers, five books, 10 chapters and has edited four books.',institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null},{id:"354260",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Tércio Elyan",middleName:"Azevedo",surname:"Azevedo Martins",slug:"tercio-elyan-azevedo-martins",fullName:"Tércio Elyan Azevedo Martins",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/354260/images/16241_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated in Pharmacy from the Federal University of Ceará with the modality in Industrial Pharmacy, Specialist in Production and Control of Medicines from the University of São Paulo (USP), Master in Pharmaceuticals and Medicines from the University of São Paulo (USP) and Doctor of Science in the program of Pharmaceuticals and Medicines by the University of São Paulo. Professor at Universidade Paulista (UNIP) in the areas of chemistry, cosmetology and trichology. Assistant Coordinator of the Higher Course in Aesthetic and Cosmetic Technology at Universidade Paulista Campus Chácara Santo Antônio. Experience in the Pharmacy area, with emphasis on Pharmacotechnics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Development of Cosmetics, acting mainly on topics such as cosmetology, antioxidant activity, aesthetics, photoprotection, cyclodextrin and thermal analysis.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Sao Paulo",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"334285",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Sameer",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Jagirdar",slug:"sameer-jagirdar",fullName:"Sameer Jagirdar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/334285/images/14691_n.jpg",biography:"I\\'m a graduate student at the center for biosystems science and engineering at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. I am interested in studying host-pathogen interactions at the biomaterial interface.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"329248",title:"Dr.",name:"Md. Faheem",middleName:null,surname:"Haider",slug:"md.-faheem-haider",fullName:"Md. Faheem Haider",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329248/images/system/329248.jpg",biography:"Dr. Md. Faheem Haider completed his BPharm in 2012 at Integral University, Lucknow, India. In 2014, he completed his MPharm with specialization in Pharmaceutics at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India. He received his Ph.D. degree from Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India, in 2018. He was selected for the GPAT six times and his best All India Rank was 34. Currently, he is an assistant professor at Integral University. Previously he was an assistant professor at IIMT University, Meerut, India. He has experience teaching DPharm, Pharm.D, BPharm, and MPharm students. He has more than five publications in reputed journals to his credit. Dr. Faheem’s research area is the development and characterization of nanoformulation for the delivery of drugs to various organs.",institutionString:"Integral University",institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"329795",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohd Aftab",middleName:"Aftab",surname:"Siddiqui",slug:"mohd-aftab-siddiqui",fullName:"Mohd Aftab Siddiqui",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329795/images/system/329795.png",biography:"Dr. Mohd Aftab Siddiqui is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India, where he obtained a Ph.D. in Pharmacology in 2020. He also obtained a BPharm and MPharm from the same university in 2013 and 2015, respectively. His area of research is the pharmacological screening of herbal drugs/natural products in liver cancer and cardiac diseases. He is a member of many professional bodies and has guided many MPharm and PharmD research projects. Dr. Siddiqui has many national and international publications and one German patent to his credit.",institutionString:"Integral University",institution:null}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"1",type:"subseries",title:"Oral Health",keywords:"Oral Health, Dental Care, Diagnosis, Diagnostic Imaging, Early Diagnosis, Oral Cancer, Conservative Treatment, Epidemiology, Comprehensive Dental Care, Complementary Therapies, Holistic Health",scope:"\r\n\tThis topic aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest trends in Oral Health based on recent scientific evidence. Subjects will include an overview of oral diseases and infections, systemic diseases affecting the oral cavity, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, as well as current clinical recommendations for the management of oral, dental, and periodontal diseases.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/1.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11397,editor:{id:"173955",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandra",middleName:null,surname:"Marinho",slug:"sandra-marinho",fullName:"Sandra Marinho",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRGYMQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-06-01T13:22:41.png",biography:"Dr. Sandra A. Marinho is an Associate Professor and Brazilian researcher at the State University of Paraíba (Universidade Estadual da Paraíba- UEPB), Campus VIII, located in Araruna, state of Paraíba since 2011. She holds a degree in Dentistry from the Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), while her specialization and professional improvement in Stomatology took place at Hospital Heliopolis (São Paulo, SP). Her qualifications are: a specialist in Dental Imaging and Radiology, Master in Dentistry (Periodontics) from the University of São Paulo (FORP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP), and Doctor (Ph.D.) in Dentistry (Stomatology Clinic) from Hospital São Lucas of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (HSL-PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS). She held a postdoctoral internship at the Federal University from Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM, Diamantina, MG). She is currently a member of the Brazilian Society for Dental Research (SBPqO) and the Brazilian Society of Stomatology and Pathology (SOBEP). Dr. Marinho's experience in Dentistry mainly covers the following subjects: oral diagnosis, oral radiology; oral medicine; lesions and oral infections; oral pathology, laser therapy and epidemiological studies.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"State University of Paraíba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",issn:"2631-6218"},editorialBoard:[{id:"267724",title:"Prof.",name:"Febronia",middleName:null,surname:"Kahabuka",slug:"febronia-kahabuka",fullName:"Febronia Kahabuka",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRZpJQAW/Profile_Picture_2022-06-27T12:00:42.JPG",institutionString:"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania",institution:{name:"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Tanzania"}}},{id:"70530",title:"Dr.",name:"Márcio",middleName:"Campos",surname:"Oliveira",slug:"marcio-oliveira",fullName:"Márcio Oliveira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRm0AQAS/Profile_Picture_2022-08-01T12:34:46.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"State University of Feira de Santana",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:7,paginationItems:[{id:"83087",title:"Role of Cellular Responses in Periodontal Tissue Destruction",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106645",signatures:"Nam Cong-Nhat Huynh",slug:"role-of-cellular-responses-in-periodontal-tissue-destruction",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Periodontology - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11566.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"82654",title:"Atraumatic Restorative Treatment: More than a Minimally Invasive Approach?",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105623",signatures:"Manal A. Ablal",slug:"atraumatic-restorative-treatment-more-than-a-minimally-invasive-approach",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"82735",title:"The Influence of Salivary pH on the Prevalence of Dental Caries",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106154",signatures:"Laura-Cristina Rusu, Alexandra Roi, Ciprian-Ioan Roi, Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu and Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean",slug:"the-influence-of-salivary-ph-on-the-prevalence-of-dental-caries",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"82357",title:"Caries Management Aided by Fluorescence-Based Devices",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105567",signatures:"Atena Galuscan, Daniela Jumanca and Aurora Doris Fratila",slug:"caries-management-aided-by-fluorescence-based-devices",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"81894",title:"Diet and Nutrition and Their Relationship with Early Childhood Dental Caries",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105123",signatures:"Luanna Gonçalves Ferreira, Giuliana de Campos Chaves Lamarque and Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva",slug:"diet-and-nutrition-and-their-relationship-with-early-childhood-dental-caries",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Dental Caries - The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11565.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"78064",title:"The Salivary Secretome",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98278",signatures:"Luís Perpétuo, Rita Ferreira, Sofia Guedes, Francisco Amado and Rui Vitorino",slug:"the-salivary-secretome",totalDownloads:108,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Periodontology - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11566.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}},{id:"65334",title:"Introductory Chapter: Some Important Aspects of Root Canal Treatment",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.83653",signatures:"Ana Luiza de Carvalho Felippini",slug:"introductory-chapter-some-important-aspects-of-root-canal-treatment",totalDownloads:850,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Ana Luiza",surname:"De Carvalho Felippini"}],book:{title:"Root Canal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7133.jpg",subseries:{id:"1",title:"Oral Health"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10843",title:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)",subtitle:"Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10843.jpg",slug:"persistent-organic-pollutants-pops-monitoring-impact-and-treatment",publishedDate:"April 13th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",hash:"f5b1589f0a990b6114fef2dadc735dd9",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) - Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",editors:[{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",middleName:null,surname:"Rashed",slug:"mohamed-nageeb-rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63465/images/system/63465.gif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Aswan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:332,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:124,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",scope:"