Minimum satellites needed to maintain global radio coverage.
\r\n\t
",isbn:"978-1-80356-420-3",printIsbn:"978-1-80356-419-7",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80356-421-0",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"f188555eee4211fc24b6cca361983149",bookSignature:"Dr. Kim Ho Yeap",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11509.jpg",keywords:"Inductive Coupling, Resonant Inductive Coupling, Magnetic Coupling, Magnetic Resonance, Transmitter, Receiver, Rectenna, Antenna, Induction Coil, Stationery Charging, Dynamic Charging, Rectifier",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 25th 2022",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 6th 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"July 5th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"September 23rd 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"November 22nd 2022",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"2 months",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. Kim Ho Yeap is a senior member of the IEEE, a Chartered Engineer registered with the UK Engineering Council, a Professional Engineer (PEng) registered with the Board of Engineers Malaysia, and an ASEAN Chartered Professional Engineer. In 2008 and 2015 he underwent research attachment at the University of Oxford (UK) and the Nippon Institute of Technology (Japan). Dr. Yeap has been given the university teaching excellence award and 21 research grants. He has published more than 100 research articles.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"126825",title:"Dr.",name:"Kim Ho",middleName:null,surname:"Yeap",slug:"kim-ho-yeap",fullName:"Kim Ho Yeap",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126825/images/system/126825.jpeg",biography:"Kim Ho Yeap is an associate professor at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia. He is an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) senior member, a professional engineer registered with the Board of Engineers, Malaysia, and a chartered engineer registered with the UK Engineering Council. He is the external examiner and external course assessor of Wawasan Open University. From 2017 to 2022, he was editor-in-chief of the Journal on Digital Signal Processing. He has also been a guest editor for the Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences and Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. He has also been a recipient of the university teaching excellence award and twenty-too research grants. He has published more than 100 research articles in electromagnetics, including refereed journal papers, conference proceedings, books, and book chapters.",institutionString:"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"11",title:"Engineering",slug:"engineering"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"444315",firstName:"Karla",lastName:"Skuliber",middleName:null,title:"Mrs.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/444315/images/20013_n.jpg",email:"karla@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager, my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7617",title:"Electromagnetic Fields and Waves",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d87c09ddaa95c04479ffa2579e9f16d2",slug:"electromagnetic-fields-and-waves",bookSignature:"Kim Ho Yeap and Kazuhiro Hirasawa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7617.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"126825",title:"Dr.",name:"Kim Ho",surname:"Yeap",slug:"kim-ho-yeap",fullName:"Kim Ho Yeap"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10198",title:"Response Surface Methodology in Engineering Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1942bec30d40572f519327ca7a6d7aae",slug:"response-surface-methodology-in-engineering-science",bookSignature:"Palanikumar Kayaroganam",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10198.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"321730",title:"Prof.",name:"Palanikumar",surname:"Kayaroganam",slug:"palanikumar-kayaroganam",fullName:"Palanikumar Kayaroganam"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"117",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Methodological Advances and Biomedical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"artificial-neural-networks-methodological-advances-and-biomedical-applications",bookSignature:"Kenji Suzuki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/117.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"3095",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",surname:"Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3828",title:"Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"51a27e7adbfafcfedb6e9683f209cba4",slug:"application-of-nanotechnology-in-drug-delivery",bookSignature:"Ali Demir Sezer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3828.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"30763",title:"Development of High Efficiency Two-Phase Thermosyphons for Heat Recovery",doi:"10.5772/32693",slug:"development-of-high-efficency-two-phase-thermosyphons-for-heat-recovery",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/30763.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30763",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30763",totalDownloads:4351,totalViews:144,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:2,impactScorePercentile:79,impactScoreQuartile:4,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"April 12th 2011",dateReviewed:"September 29th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 9th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/30763",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/30763",book:{id:"1530",slug:"heat-exchangers-basics-design-applications"},signatures:"Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal, Florencio Sanchez-Silva and Georgiy Polupan",authors:[{id:"92356",title:"Dr.",name:"Ignacio",middleName:null,surname:"Carvajal-Mariscal",fullName:"Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal",slug:"ignacio-carvajal-mariscal",email:"icarvajal@ipn.mx",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/92356/images/4261_n.png",institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"101108",title:"Dr.",name:"Florencio",middleName:null,surname:"Sanchez-Silva",fullName:"Florencio Sanchez-Silva",slug:"florencio-sanchez-silva",email:"fsnchz@yahoo.com.mx",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"101111",title:"Dr.",name:"Georgiy",middleName:null,surname:"Polupan",fullName:"Georgiy Polupan",slug:"georgiy-polupan",email:"gpolupan85@yahoo.com.mx",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1530",type:"book",title:"Heat Exchangers",subtitle:"Basics Design Applications",fullTitle:"Heat Exchangers - Basics Design Applications",slug:"heat-exchangers-basics-design-applications",publishedDate:"March 9th 2012",bookSignature:"Jovan Mitrovic",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1530.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0278-6",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6145-5",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:66,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"105355",title:"Dr.",name:"Jovan",middleName:null,surname:"Mitrović",slug:"jovan-mitrovic",fullName:"Jovan Mitrović"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"826"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"30760",type:"chapter",title:"Thermodynamic Optimization",slug:"thermodynamic-optimization",totalDownloads:6258,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"M.M. Awad and Y.S. Muzychka",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"36394",title:"Dr.",name:"M. M.",middleName:null,surname:"Awad",fullName:"M. M. Awad",slug:"m.-m.-awad"},{id:"101318",title:"Prof.",name:"Y. S.",middleName:null,surname:"Muzychka",fullName:"Y. S. Muzychka",slug:"y.-s.-muzychka"}]},{id:"30761",type:"chapter",title:"Analytical Solution of Dynamic Response of Heat Exchanger",slug:"analytical-solution-of-dynamic-response-of-heat-exchangers",totalDownloads:5634,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"D. Gvozdenac",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"106452",title:"Prof.",name:"Dusan",middleName:"D",surname:"Gvozdenac",fullName:"Dusan Gvozdenac",slug:"dusan-gvozdenac"}]},{id:"30762",type:"chapter",title:"Self-Heat Recuperation: Theory and Applications",slug:"self-heat-recuperation-theory-and-applications",totalDownloads:4040,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Yasuki Kansha, Akira Kishimoto, Muhammad Aziz and Atsushi Tsutsumi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"37659",title:"Prof.",name:"Atsushi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsutsumi",fullName:"Atsushi Tsutsumi",slug:"atsushi-tsutsumi"},{id:"38949",title:"Dr.",name:"Yasuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kansha",fullName:"Yasuki Kansha",slug:"yasuki-kansha"},{id:"98159",title:"Mr.",name:"Akira",middleName:null,surname:"Kishimoto",fullName:"Akira Kishimoto",slug:"akira-kishimoto"},{id:"98160",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Aziz",fullName:"Muhammad Aziz",slug:"muhammad-aziz"}]},{id:"30763",type:"chapter",title:"Development of High Efficiency Two-Phase Thermosyphons for Heat Recovery",slug:"development-of-high-efficency-two-phase-thermosyphons-for-heat-recovery",totalDownloads:4351,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal, Florencio Sanchez-Silva and Georgiy Polupan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"92356",title:"Dr.",name:"Ignacio",middleName:null,surname:"Carvajal-Mariscal",fullName:"Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal",slug:"ignacio-carvajal-mariscal"},{id:"101108",title:"Dr.",name:"Florencio",middleName:null,surname:"Sanchez-Silva",fullName:"Florencio Sanchez-Silva",slug:"florencio-sanchez-silva"},{id:"101111",title:"Dr.",name:"Georgiy",middleName:null,surname:"Polupan",fullName:"Georgiy Polupan",slug:"georgiy-polupan"}]},{id:"30764",type:"chapter",title:"Impact of a Medium Flow Maldistribution on a Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger Performance",slug:"impact-of-a-medium-flow-maldistribution-on-a-cross-flow-heat-exchanger-performance",totalDownloads:3675,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Tomasz Bury",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"94068",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomasz",middleName:null,surname:"Bury",fullName:"Tomasz Bury",slug:"tomasz-bury"}]},{id:"30765",type:"chapter",title:"Control of LNG Pyrolysis and Application to Regenerative Cooling Rocket Engine",slug:"control-of-lng-pyrolysis-and-application-to-regenerative-cooling-rocket-engine",totalDownloads:4008,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"R. Minato, K. Higashino, M. Sugioka and Y. Sasayama",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"98909",title:"Dr",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Minato",fullName:"Minato",slug:"minato"}]},{id:"30766",type:"chapter",title:"Numerical Analysis of the Structural Stability of Heat Exchangers – The FEM Approach",slug:"numerical-analysis-of-the-structural-stability-of-the-heat-exchanger-finite-element-method-approach",totalDownloads:3171,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Agnieszka A. Chudzik",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"101519",title:"Dr.",name:"Agnieszka",middleName:null,surname:"Chudzik",fullName:"Agnieszka Chudzik",slug:"agnieszka-chudzik"}]},{id:"30767",type:"chapter",title:"Microchannel Simulation",slug:"microchannel-simulation",totalDownloads:3009,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mohammad Hassan Saidi, Omid Asgari and Hadis Hemati",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"17068",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad Hassan",middleName:null,surname:"Saidi",fullName:"Mohammad Hassan Saidi",slug:"mohammad-hassan-saidi"},{id:"90178",title:"Dr.",name:"Omid",middleName:null,surname:"Asgari",fullName:"Omid Asgari",slug:"omid-asgari"},{id:"127987",title:"Mrs.",name:"Hadis",middleName:null,surname:"Hemati",fullName:"Hadis Hemati",slug:"hadis-hemati"}]},{id:"30768",type:"chapter",title:"Compact Heat Exchange Reformer Used for High Temperature Fuel Cell Systems",slug:"compact-heat-exchange-reformer-used-for-high-temperature-fuel-cell-systems",totalDownloads:4831,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Huisheng Zhang, Shilie Weng and Ming Su",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"92975",title:"Prof.",name:"Huisheng",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Huisheng Zhang",slug:"huisheng-zhang"},{id:"92987",title:"Prof.",name:"Shilie",middleName:null,surname:"Weng",fullName:"Shilie Weng",slug:"shilie-weng"},{id:"92990",title:"Prof.",name:"Ming",middleName:null,surname:"Su",fullName:"Ming Su",slug:"ming-su"}]},{id:"30769",type:"chapter",title:"Single-Phase Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Phenomena of Microchannel Heat Exchangers",slug:"single-phase-heat-transfer-and-fluid-flow-phenomena-of-microchannel-heat-exchangers",totalDownloads:4484,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Thanhtrung Dang, Jyh-tong Teng, Jiann-cherng Chu, Tingting Xu, Suyi Huang, Shiping Jin and Jieqing Zheng",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"93481",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Trung",middleName:"Thanh",surname:"Dang",fullName:"Trung Dang",slug:"trung-dang"}]},{id:"30770",type:"chapter",title:"Heat Exchangers for Thermoelectric Devices",slug:"heat-exchangers-for-thermoelectric-devices",totalDownloads:7350,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"David Astrain and Álvaro Martínez",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"95667",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Astrain",fullName:"David Astrain",slug:"david-astrain"},{id:"100890",title:"MSc.",name:"Alvaro",middleName:null,surname:"Martinez",fullName:"Alvaro Martinez",slug:"alvaro-martinez"}]},{id:"30771",type:"chapter",title:"Helically Coiled Heat Exchangers",slug:"helically-coiled-heat-exchangers",totalDownloads:12176,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"J. S. Jayakumar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"46917",title:"Dr.",name:"Jayakumar",middleName:null,surname:"J S",fullName:"Jayakumar J S",slug:"jayakumar-j-s"}]},{id:"30772",type:"chapter",title:"Fin-Tube Heat Exchanger Optimization",slug:"fin-tube-heat-exchanger-optimization-",totalDownloads:18971,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Piotr Wais",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"95834",title:"Dr.",name:"Piotr",middleName:null,surname:"Wais",fullName:"Piotr Wais",slug:"piotr-wais"}]},{id:"30773",type:"chapter",title:"Thermal Design of Cooling and Dehumidifying Coils",slug:"thermal-design-of-cooling-and-dehumidifying-coils",totalDownloads:36508,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"M. Khamis Mansour and M. Hassab",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"91849",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Mansour",fullName:"Mohamed Mansour",slug:"mohamed-mansour"},{id:"140386",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Hassab",fullName:"Mohammed Hassab",slug:"mohammed-hassab"}]},{id:"30774",type:"chapter",title:"The Characteristics of Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers with Different Chevron Angles",slug:"characteristics-of-plate-heat-exchangers-with-different-chevron-angles",totalDownloads:7509,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"M. Subbiah",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"93089",title:"Dr.",name:"Muthuraman",middleName:null,surname:"Subbiah",fullName:"Muthuraman Subbiah",slug:"muthuraman-subbiah"}]},{id:"30775",type:"chapter",title:"PCM-Air Heat Exchangers: Slab Geometry",slug:"pcm-air-heat-exchangers-slab-geometry",totalDownloads:4564,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Pablo Dolado, Ana Lázaro, José María Marín and Belén Zalba",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"93218",title:"Dr.",name:"Pablo",middleName:null,surname:"Dolado",fullName:"Pablo Dolado",slug:"pablo-dolado"},{id:"93228",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"Lázaro",fullName:"Ana Lázaro",slug:"ana-lazaro"},{id:"93235",title:"Dr.",name:"José María",middleName:null,surname:"Marín",fullName:"José María Marín",slug:"jose-maria-marin"},{id:"93236",title:"Dr.",name:"Belén",middleName:null,surname:"Zalba",fullName:"Belén Zalba",slug:"belen-zalba"}]},{id:"30776",type:"chapter",title:"Ground-Source Heat Pumps and Energy Saving",slug:"ground-source-heat-pumps-and-energy-saving",totalDownloads:3522,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mohamad Kharseh",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"96258",title:"Dr.",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Kharseh",fullName:"Kharseh",slug:"kharseh"}]},{id:"30777",type:"chapter",title:"The Soultz-sous-Forêts’ Enhanced Geothermal System: A Granitic Basement Used as a Heat Exchanger to Produce Electricity",slug:"the-soultz-sous-for-ts-enhanced-geothermal-system-a-granitic-basement-used-as-a-heat-exchanger-to-pr",totalDownloads:3703,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Béatrice A. Ledésert and Ronan L. Hébert",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"99472",title:"Prof.",name:"Béatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Ledésert",fullName:"Béatrice Ledésert",slug:"beatrice-ledesert"},{id:"101426",title:"Dr.",name:"Ronan",middleName:null,surname:"Hébert",fullName:"Ronan Hébert",slug:"ronan-hebert"}]},{id:"30778",type:"chapter",title:"Fouling and Fouling Mitigation on Heat Exchanger Surfaces",slug:"heat-exchanger-fouling-and-its-mitigation",totalDownloads:8310,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"S. N. Kazi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"93483",title:"Prof.",name:"Md Salim Newaz",middleName:null,surname:"Kazi",fullName:"Md Salim Newaz Kazi",slug:"md-salim-newaz-kazi"}]},{id:"30779",type:"chapter",title:"Fouling in Plate Heat Exchangers: Some Practical Experience",slug:"fouling-in-plate-heat-exchangers-some-practical-experience",totalDownloads:5095,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Ali Bani Kananeh and Julian Peschel",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"98361",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Bani Kananeh",fullName:"Ali Bani Kananeh",slug:"ali-bani-kananeh"},{id:"100671",title:"Mr.",name:"Julian",middleName:null,surname:"Peschel",fullName:"Julian Peschel",slug:"julian-peschel"}]},{id:"30780",type:"chapter",title:"Self-Cleaning Fluidised Bed Heat Exchangers for Severely Fouling Liquids and Their Impact on Process Design",slug:"self-cleaning-fluidised-bed-heat-exchangers-for-severely-fouling-liquids-and-their-impact-on-process",totalDownloads:4222,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Dick G. Klaren and Eric F. Boer de",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"94579",title:"Dr",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Klaren",fullName:"Klaren",slug:"klaren"},{id:"127453",title:"BSc.",name:"Eric. F.",middleName:null,surname:"De Boer",fullName:"Eric. F. De Boer",slug:"eric.-f.-de-boer"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"296",title:"Developments in Heat Transfer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"06bca9a8a622c1fa728dc3943bff471e",slug:"developments-in-heat-transfer",bookSignature:"Marco Aurélio dos Santos Bernardes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/296.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6625",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Aurelio",surname:"Dos Santos Bernardes",slug:"marco-aurelio-dos-santos-bernardes",fullName:"Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"19881",title:"Thermal Effects in Optical Fibres",slug:"thermal-effects-in-optical-fibres",signatures:"Paulo André, Ana Rocha, Fátima Domingues and Margarida Facão",authors:[{id:"49291",title:"Dr.",name:"Paulo",middleName:null,surname:"André",fullName:"Paulo André",slug:"paulo-andre"},{id:"52660",title:"MSc.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"Rocha",fullName:"Ana Rocha",slug:"ana-rocha"},{id:"52661",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:"Fátima",surname:"Domingues",fullName:"Maria Domingues",slug:"maria-domingues"},{id:"52662",title:"Prof.",name:"Margarida",middleName:null,surname:"Facão",fullName:"Margarida Facão",slug:"margarida-facao"}]},{id:"19882",title:"Heat Transfer for NDE: Landmine Detection",slug:"heat-transfer-for-nde-landmine-detection",signatures:"Fernando Pardo, Paula López and Diego Cabello",authors:[{id:"48073",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Pardo Seco",fullName:"Fernando Pardo Seco",slug:"fernando-pardo-seco"},{id:"54002",title:"Dr.",name:"Paula",middleName:null,surname:"López Martínez",fullName:"Paula López Martínez",slug:"paula-lopez-martinez"},{id:"54003",title:"Prof.",name:"Diego",middleName:null,surname:"Cabello Ferrer",fullName:"Diego Cabello Ferrer",slug:"diego-cabello-ferrer"}]},{id:"19883",title:"The Heat Transfer Enhancement Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Non-Uniform Cross-Section Channel SEMOS Heat Pipe",slug:"the-heat-transfer-enhancement-analysis-and-experimental-investigation-of-non-uniform-cross-section-c",signatures:"Shang Fu-Min, Liu Jian-Hong and Liu Deng-Ying",authors:[{id:"47913",title:"Dr.",name:"Fu-Min",middleName:null,surname:"Shang",fullName:"Fu-Min Shang",slug:"fu-min-shang"},{id:"136296",title:"Prof.",name:"Jian-Hong",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Jian-Hong Liu",slug:"jian-hong-liu"},{id:"136297",title:"Dr.",name:"Deng-Ying",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Deng-Ying Liu",slug:"deng-ying-liu"}]},{id:"19884",title:"Magneto Hydro-Dynamics and Heat Transfer in Liquid Metal Flows",slug:"magneto-hydro-dynamics-and-heat-transfer-in-liquid-metal-flows",signatures:"J. S. Rao and Hari Sankar",authors:[{id:"52048",title:"Dr.",name:"J S",middleName:null,surname:"Rao",fullName:"J S Rao",slug:"j-s-rao"},{id:"83324",title:"Mr.",name:"Hari",middleName:null,surname:"Sankar",fullName:"Hari Sankar",slug:"hari-sankar"}]},{id:"19885",title:"Thermal Anomaly and Strength of Atotsugawa Fault, Central Japan, Inferred from Fission-Track Thermochronology",slug:"thermal-anomaly-and-strength-of-atotsugawa-fault-central-japan-inferred-from-fission-track-thermochr",signatures:"Ryuji Yamada and Kazuo Mizoguchi",authors:[{id:"52872",title:"Dr.",name:"Ryuji",middleName:null,surname:"Yamada",fullName:"Ryuji Yamada",slug:"ryuji-yamada"},{id:"52873",title:"Dr.",name:"Kazuo",middleName:null,surname:"Mizoguchi",fullName:"Kazuo Mizoguchi",slug:"kazuo-mizoguchi"}]},{id:"19886",title:"Heat Transfer in Freeze-Drying Apparatus",slug:"heat-transfer-in-freeze-drying-apparatus",signatures:"Roberto Pisano, Davide Fissore and Antonello A. Barresi",authors:[{id:"53798",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonello",middleName:null,surname:"Barresi",fullName:"Antonello Barresi",slug:"antonello-barresi"},{id:"54156",title:"Dr.",name:"Davide",middleName:null,surname:"Fissore",fullName:"Davide Fissore",slug:"davide-fissore"},{id:"54157",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto",middleName:null,surname:"Pisano",fullName:"Roberto Pisano",slug:"roberto-pisano"}]},{id:"19887",title:"Radiant Floor Heating System",slug:"radiant-floor-heating-system",signatures:"Byung-Cheon Ahn",authors:[{id:"47631",title:"Prof.",name:"Byung-Cheon",middleName:null,surname:"Ahn",fullName:"Byung-Cheon Ahn",slug:"byung-cheon-ahn"}]},{id:"19888",title:"Variable Property Effects in Momentum and Heat Transfer",slug:"variable-property-effects-in-momentum-and-heat-transfer",signatures:"Yan Jin and Heinz Herwig",authors:[{id:"51560",title:"Prof.",name:"Heinz",middleName:null,surname:"Herwig",fullName:"Heinz Herwig",slug:"heinz-herwig"},{id:"51568",title:"Dr.",name:"Yan",middleName:null,surname:"Jin",fullName:"Yan Jin",slug:"yan-jin"}]},{id:"19889",title:"Bioheat Transfer",slug:"bioheat-transfer",signatures:"Alireza Zolfaghari and Mehdi Maerefat",authors:[{id:"48427",title:"Dr.",name:"Alireza",middleName:null,surname:"Zolfaghari",fullName:"Alireza Zolfaghari",slug:"alireza-zolfaghari"},{id:"48437",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehdi",middleName:null,surname:"Maerefat",fullName:"Mehdi Maerefat",slug:"mehdi-maerefat"}]},{id:"19890",title:"The Manufacture of Microencapsulated Thermal Energy Storage Compounds Suitable for Smart Textile",slug:"the-manufacture-of-microencapsulated-thermal-energy-storage-compounds-suitable-for-smart-textile",signatures:"Salaün Fabien",authors:[{id:"27644",title:"Prof.",name:"Fabien",middleName:null,surname:"Salaün",fullName:"Fabien Salaün",slug:"fabien-salaun"}]},{id:"19891",title:"Heat Transfer and Thermal Air Management in the Electronics and Process Industries",slug:"heat-transfer-and-thermal-air-management-in-the-electronics-and-process-industries",signatures:"Harvey M. Thompson",authors:[{id:"41713",title:"Dr.",name:"Harvey",middleName:null,surname:"Thompson",fullName:"Harvey Thompson",slug:"harvey-thompson"}]},{id:"19892",title:"Unsteady Mixed Convection Flow in the Stagnation Region of a Heated Vertical Plate Embedded in a Variable Porosity Medium with Thermal Dispersion Effects",slug:"unsteady-mixed-convection-flow-in-the-stagnation-region-of-a-heated-vertical-plate-embedded-in-a-var",signatures:"S. M. Alharbi and I. A. Hassanien",authors:[{id:"47472",title:"Prof.",name:"I. A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hassanien",fullName:"I. A. Hassanien",slug:"i.-a.-hassanien"},{id:"61407",title:"Prof.",name:"Saleh",middleName:"M",surname:"Al-Harbi",fullName:"Saleh Al-Harbi",slug:"saleh-al-harbi"}]},{id:"19893",title:"Heat Generation and Transfer on Biological Tissues Due to High-Intensity Laser Irradiation",slug:"heat-generation-and-transfer-on-biological-tissues-due-to-high-intensity-laser-irradiation",signatures:"Denise M. Zezell, Patricia A. Ana, Thiago M. Pereira, Paulo R. Correa and Walter Velloso Jr.",authors:[{id:"42841",title:"Prof.",name:"Denise",middleName:"Maria",surname:"Zezell",fullName:"Denise Zezell",slug:"denise-zezell"},{id:"54961",title:"Prof.",name:"Patricia",middleName:null,surname:"Ana",fullName:"Patricia Ana",slug:"patricia-ana"},{id:"54962",title:"Dr.",name:"Thiago",middleName:"Martini",surname:"Pereira",fullName:"Thiago Pereira",slug:"thiago-pereira"},{id:"54963",title:"BSc.",name:"Paulo R.",middleName:null,surname:"Correa",fullName:"Paulo R. Correa",slug:"paulo-r.-correa"},{id:"54964",title:"Prof.",name:"Walter F.",middleName:null,surname:"Velloso",fullName:"Walter F. Velloso",slug:"walter-f.-velloso"}]},{id:"19894",title:"Entransy Dissipation Theory and Its Application in Heat Transfer",slug:"entransy-dissipation-theory-and-its-application-in-heat-transfer",signatures:"Mingtian Xu",authors:[{id:"35401",title:"Prof.",name:"Mingtian",middleName:null,surname:"XU",fullName:"Mingtian XU",slug:"mingtian-xu"}]},{id:"19895",title:"Inverse Space Marching Method for Determining Temperature and Stress Distributions in Pressure Components",slug:"inverse-space-marching-method-for-determining-temperature-and-stress-distributions-in-pressure-compo",signatures:"Jan Taler, Bohdan Weglowski, Tomasz Sobota, Magdalena Jaremkiewicz and Dawid Taler",authors:[{id:"15203",title:"Dr.",name:"Dawid",middleName:null,surname:"Taler",fullName:"Dawid Taler",slug:"dawid-taler"},{id:"38582",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomasz",middleName:null,surname:"Sobota",fullName:"Tomasz Sobota",slug:"tomasz-sobota"},{id:"43955",title:"Prof.",name:"Jan",middleName:"Marian",surname:"Taler",fullName:"Jan Taler",slug:"jan-taler"},{id:"91053",title:"Prof.",name:"Bohdan",middleName:null,surname:"Węglowski",fullName:"Bohdan Węglowski",slug:"bohdan-weglowski"},{id:"91054",title:"Dr.",name:"Magdalena",middleName:null,surname:"Jaremkiewicz",fullName:"Magdalena Jaremkiewicz",slug:"magdalena-jaremkiewicz"}]},{id:"19896",title:"Experimental Prediction of Heat Transfer Correlations in Heat Exchangers",slug:"experimental-prediction-of-heat-transfer-correlations-in-heat-exchangers",signatures:"Tomasz Sobota",authors:[{id:"38582",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomasz",middleName:null,surname:"Sobota",fullName:"Tomasz Sobota",slug:"tomasz-sobota"}]},{id:"19897",title:"High Temperature Thermal Devices for Nuclear Process Heat Transfer Applications",slug:"high-temperature-thermal-devices-for-nuclear-process-heat-transfer-applications",signatures:"Piyush Sabharwall and Eung Soo Kim",authors:[{id:"39875",title:"Dr.",name:"Piyush",middleName:null,surname:"Sabharwall",fullName:"Piyush Sabharwall",slug:"piyush-sabharwall"},{id:"53322",title:"Dr.",name:"Eung",middleName:null,surname:"Soo Kim",fullName:"Eung Soo Kim",slug:"eung-soo-kim"}]},{id:"19898",title:"Flow Properties and Heat Transfer of Drag-Reducing Surfactant Solutions",slug:"flow-properties-and-heat-transfer-of-drag-reducing-surfactant-solutions",signatures:"Takashi Saeki",authors:[{id:"39052",title:"Prof.",name:"Takashi",middleName:null,surname:"Saeki",fullName:"Takashi Saeki",slug:"takashi-saeki"}]},{id:"19899",title:"Entransy - a Novel Theory in Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization",slug:"entransy-a-novel-theory-in-heat-transfer-analysis-and-optimization",signatures:"Qun Chen, Xin-Gang Liang and Zeng-Yuan Guo",authors:[{id:"41328",title:"Dr.",name:"Qun",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Qun Chen",slug:"qun-chen"},{id:"52880",title:"Prof.",name:"Zeng-Yuan",middleName:null,surname:"Guo",fullName:"Zeng-Yuan Guo",slug:"zeng-yuan-guo"},{id:"91971",title:"Prof.",name:"Xin-Gang",middleName:null,surname:"Liang",fullName:"Xin-Gang Liang",slug:"xin-gang-liang"}]},{id:"19900",title:"Transient Heat Transfer and Energy Transport in Packed Bed Thermal Storage Systems",slug:"transient-heat-transfer-and-energy-transport-in-packed-bed-thermal-storage-systems",signatures:"Pei Wen Li, Jon Van Lew, Wafaa Karaki, Cho Lik Chan, Jake Stephens and James. E. O’Brien",authors:[{id:"41280",title:"Prof.",name:"Peiwen",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Peiwen Li",slug:"peiwen-li"},{id:"52785",title:"Mr",name:"Jon Van",middleName:null,surname:"Lew",fullName:"Jon Van Lew",slug:"jon-van-lew"},{id:"52786",title:"Ms",name:"Wafaa",middleName:null,surname:"Karaki",fullName:"Wafaa Karaki",slug:"wafaa-karaki"},{id:"52787",title:"Mr",name:"Cho Lik",middleName:null,surname:"Chan",fullName:"Cho Lik Chan",slug:"cho-lik-chan"},{id:"91120",title:"Mr.",name:"Jake",middleName:null,surname:"Stephens",fullName:"Jake Stephens",slug:"jake-stephens"},{id:"91121",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"O'Brien",fullName:"James O'Brien",slug:"james-o'brien"}]},{id:"19901",title:"Role of Heat Transfer on Process Characteristics During Electrical Discharge Machining",slug:"role-of-heat-transfer-on-process-characteristics-during-electrical-discharge-machining",signatures:"Ahsan Ali Khan",authors:[{id:"41741",title:"Prof.",name:"Ahsan",middleName:"Ali",surname:"Khan",fullName:"Ahsan Khan",slug:"ahsan-khan"}]},{id:"19908",title:"Thermal Treatment of Granulated Particles by Induction Thermal Plasma",slug:"thermal-treatment-of-granulated-particles-by-induction-thermal-plasma",signatures:"M. Mofazzal Hossain, Takayuki Watanabe",authors:[{id:"38426",title:"Dr.",name:"Mofazzal",middleName:"M.",surname:"Hossain",fullName:"Mofazzal Hossain",slug:"mofazzal-hossain"},{id:"120063",title:"Dr.",name:"Takayuki",middleName:null,surname:"Watanabe",fullName:"Takayuki Watanabe",slug:"takayuki-watanabe"}]},{id:"19902",title:"Method for Measurement of Single-Injector Heat Transfer Characteristics and Its Application in Studying Gas-Gas Injector Combustion Chamber",slug:"method-for-measurement-of-single-injector-heat-transfer-characteristics-and-its-application-in-study",signatures:"Guo-biao Cai, Xiao-wei Wang and Tao Chen",authors:[{id:"38452",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaowei",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Xiaowei Wang",slug:"xiaowei-wang"},{id:"49209",title:"Prof.",name:"Guobiao",middleName:null,surname:"Cai",fullName:"Guobiao Cai",slug:"guobiao-cai"},{id:"81421",title:"Dr.",name:"Tao",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Tao Chen",slug:"tao-chen"}]},{id:"19903",title:"Heat Transfer Related to Gas Hydrate Formation/Dissociation",slug:"heat-transfer-related-to-gas-hydrate-formation-dissociation",signatures:"Bei Liu, Weixin Pang, Baozi Peng, Changyu Sun and Guangjin Chen",authors:[{id:"35943",title:"Dr.",name:"Guangjin",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Guangjin Chen",slug:"guangjin-chen"},{id:"53136",title:"Dr.",name:"Bei",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Bei Liu",slug:"bei-liu"},{id:"53137",title:"Dr.",name:"Weixin",middleName:null,surname:"Pang",fullName:"Weixin Pang",slug:"weixin-pang"},{id:"53138",title:"Prof.",name:"Changyu",middleName:null,surname:"Sun",fullName:"Changyu Sun",slug:"changyu-sun"},{id:"85964",title:"Mr.",name:"Baozi",middleName:null,surname:"Peng",fullName:"Baozi Peng",slug:"baozi-peng"}]},{id:"19904",title:"Progress Works of High and Super High Temperature Heat Pipes",slug:"progress-works-of-high-and-super-high-temperature-heat-pipes",signatures:"Wei Qu",authors:[{id:"36914",title:"Prof.",name:"Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Qu",fullName:"Wei Qu",slug:"wei-qu"}]},{id:"19905",title:"Design of the Heat Conduction Structure Based on the Topology Optimization",slug:"design-of-the-heat-conduction-structure-based-on-the-topology-optimization",signatures:"Yongcun Zhang, Shutian Liu and Heting Qiao",authors:[{id:"37272",title:"Dr.",name:"Yongcun",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Yongcun Zhang",slug:"yongcun-zhang"},{id:"53917",title:"Prof.",name:"Shutian",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Shutian Liu",slug:"shutian-liu"},{id:"53920",title:"Dr.",name:"Heting",middleName:null,surname:"Qiao",fullName:"Heting Qiao",slug:"heting-qiao"}]},{id:"19906",title:"Thermal Modelling for Laser Treatment of Port Wine Stains",slug:"thermal-modelling-for-laser-treatment-of-port-wine-stains",signatures:"Dong Li, Ya-Ling He and Guo-Xiang Wang",authors:[{id:"36361",title:"Prof.",name:"Guo-Xiang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Guo-Xiang Wang",slug:"guo-xiang-wang"},{id:"55509",title:"Dr.",name:"Dong",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Dong Li",slug:"dong-li"},{id:"55512",title:"Prof.",name:"Ya-Ling",middleName:null,surname:"He",fullName:"Ya-Ling He",slug:"ya-ling-he"}]},{id:"19907",title:"Study of the Heat Transfer Effect in Moxibustion Practice",slug:"study-of-the-heat-transfer-effect-in-moxibustion-practice",signatures:"Chinlong Huang and Tony W. H. Sheu",authors:[{id:"35372",title:"Prof.",name:"Wen-Hann",middleName:null,surname:"Sheu",fullName:"Wen-Hann Sheu",slug:"wen-hann-sheu"},{id:"42388",title:"Dr.",name:"ChinLong",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"ChinLong Huang",slug:"chinlong-huang"}]},{id:"19909",title:"Heat and Mass Transfer in Jet Type Mold Cooling Pipe",slug:"heat-and-mass-transfer-in-jet-type-mold-cooling-pipe",signatures:"Hideo Kawahara",authors:[{id:"36983",title:"Dr.",name:"Hideo",middleName:null,surname:"Kawahara",fullName:"Hideo Kawahara",slug:"hideo-kawahara"}]},{id:"19910",title:"Thermal State and Human Comfort in Underground Mining",slug:"thermal-state-and-human-comfort-in-underground-mining",signatures:"Vidal F. Navarro Torres and Raghu N. Singh",authors:[{id:"33919",title:"Prof.",name:"Raghu",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",fullName:"Raghu Singh",slug:"raghu-singh"},{id:"36866",title:"Prof.",name:"Vidal",middleName:null,surname:"Navarro Torres",fullName:"Vidal Navarro Torres",slug:"vidal-navarro-torres"}]},{id:"19911",title:"Heat Transfer in the Environment: Development and Use of Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing",slug:"heat-transfer-in-the-environment-development-and-use-of-fiber-optic-distributed-temperature-sensing",signatures:"Francisco Suárez, Mark B. Hausner, Jeff Dozier, John S. Selker and Scott W. Tyler",authors:[{id:"35064",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Suarez",fullName:"Francisco Suarez",slug:"francisco-suarez"},{id:"54530",title:"Dr.",name:"Scott",middleName:null,surname:"Tyler",fullName:"Scott Tyler",slug:"scott-tyler"},{id:"84646",title:"MSc.",name:"Mark B.",middleName:null,surname:"Hausner",fullName:"Mark B. Hausner",slug:"mark-b.-hausner"},{id:"93062",title:"Dr.",name:"John S.",middleName:null,surname:"Selker",fullName:"John S. Selker",slug:"john-s.-selker"},{id:"98057",title:"Prof.",name:"Jeff",middleName:null,surname:"Dozier",fullName:"Jeff Dozier",slug:"jeff-dozier"}]},{id:"19912",title:"Prandtl Number Effect on Heat Transfer Degradation in MHD Turbulent Shear Flows by Means of High-Resolution DNS",slug:"prandtl-number-effect-on-heat-transfer-degradation-in-mhd-turbulent-shear-flows-by-means-of-high-res",signatures:"Yoshinobu Yamamoto and Tomoaki Kunugi",authors:[{id:"11986",title:"Prof.",name:"Tomoaki",middleName:null,surname:"Kunugi",fullName:"Tomoaki Kunugi",slug:"tomoaki-kunugi"},{id:"58273",title:"Dr.",name:"Yoshinobu",middleName:null,surname:"Yamamoto",fullName:"Yoshinobu Yamamoto",slug:"yoshinobu-yamamoto"}]},{id:"19913",title:"Effective Method of Microcapsules Production for Smart Fabrics",slug:"effective-method-of-microcapsules-production-for-smart-fabrics",signatures:"Luz Sánchez-Silva, Paula Sánchez and Juan F. Rodríguez",authors:[{id:"30881",title:"Prof.",name:"Juan",middleName:"F.",surname:"Rodriguez",fullName:"Juan Rodriguez",slug:"juan-rodriguez"},{id:"31322",title:"Dr.",name:"Luz",middleName:null,surname:"Sanchez-Silva",fullName:"Luz Sanchez-Silva",slug:"luz-sanchez-silva"},{id:"38104",title:"Dr.",name:"PAULA",middleName:null,surname:"SANCHEZ",fullName:"PAULA SANCHEZ",slug:"paula-sanchez"}]},{id:"19914",title:"Heat Conduction in Nonlinear Media",slug:"heat-conduction-in-nonlinear-media",signatures:"Michael M. Tilleman",authors:[{id:"36157",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Tilleman",fullName:"Michael Tilleman",slug:"michael-tilleman"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"926",title:"Thermodynamics",subtitle:"Kinetics of Dynamic Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"650764e8e17cc7d7bd87cbee632246f1",slug:"thermodynamics-kinetics-of-dynamic-systems",bookSignature:"Juan Carlos Moreno Piraján",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/926.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"14015",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",surname:"Moreno Piraján",slug:"juan-carlos-moreno-pirajan",fullName:"Juan Carlos Moreno Piraján"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2024",title:"Heat Transfer",subtitle:"Engineering Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ed5e7988b2accd68f0d32fded936163f",slug:"heat-transfer-engineering-applications",bookSignature:"Vyacheslav S. Vikhrenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2024.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"66215",title:"Prof.",name:"Vyacheslav",surname:"Vikhrenko",slug:"vyacheslav-vikhrenko",fullName:"Vyacheslav Vikhrenko"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2230",title:"An Overview of Heat Transfer Phenomena",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7bb8831521deb0cadc8f29532d083b50",slug:"an-overview-of-heat-transfer-phenomena",bookSignature:"Salim N. Kazi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2230.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"93483",title:"Prof.",name:"Md Salim Newaz",surname:"Kazi",slug:"md-salim-newaz-kazi",fullName:"Md Salim Newaz Kazi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3091",title:"Heat Transfer Phenomena and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8536c61b1e94dd17840626e6546dea99",slug:"heat-transfer-phenomena-and-applications",bookSignature:"Salim N. Kazi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3091.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"93483",title:"Prof.",name:"Md Salim Newaz",surname:"Kazi",slug:"md-salim-newaz-kazi",fullName:"Md Salim Newaz Kazi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4563",title:"Heat Transfer",subtitle:"Studies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a7ddcd266b529953073411f6a8bee32",slug:"heat-transfer-studies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Salim Newaz Kazi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4563.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"93483",title:"Prof.",name:"Md Salim Newaz",surname:"Kazi",slug:"md-salim-newaz-kazi",fullName:"Md Salim Newaz Kazi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"70821",title:"Prospects of 5G Satellite Networks Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90943",slug:"prospects-of-5g-satellite-networks-development",body:'Rapid development and unification of the terrestrial part pertained to IMT-2020 (5G) as well as the limitations claimed for global coverage by terrestrial 5G networks, when using millimeter-wave band (MMWB), calls design engineers for special attention to this potential market segment of mobile satellite telecommunications.
In Summer 2017, within the framework of Paris air show in Le Bourget, European Space Agency (ESA) launched its new project “Satellite for 5G,” compiling 16 satellite businesses into consortium aimed at study to introduce 5G satellite-based access components [1].
The consortium is made up of such organizations and institutions as: EURESCOM, Fraunhofer Fokus, Fraunhofer IIS, NewTEC, SES, TU Berlin, and Universität der Bundeswehr. They all have conducted the work concerning the design of SATis5 intended to facilitate implementation, deployment, and evaluation of the integrated 5G satellite network, unveiling the advantages of satellite and terrestrial framework integration for advancing new technologies.
Additionally, the Working Group FM44 of ECC CEPT completed the preparation of ECC Report “Satellite Solutions for 5G” [2] that will determine the role of satellite component within 5G conception of in relation to the Regions, where services cannot be carried out in circumvention of satellites. In its turn, CEPT came forward with initiative to estimate the pros of satellites for 5G in terms of efficiency, capacity, and stability. Since CEPT Administrations are considering the issues related to 5G implementation in the nearest future, so the studies of satellite access in 5G are expected to facilitate the process of decision-making regarding the potential role of satellite subscriber’s links in the 5G ecosystem.
The implementation of 5G satellite component for 5G service access on principles “at any time with any user in any place” helps to meet many challenges. However, there are numerous other hindrances requiring comprehensive and global studies.
Generally, the regions that are subject to coverage by terrestrial mobile networks of radio access are of fragmentary nature and correspond with the places of population concentration, regarding the economic expediency of base stations building. In some cases, the sparsely populated territories not covered by modern telecommunications. Thus, at the outset of 3G (IMT-2000) development, the universal coverage by mobile services was the key prerequisite for network construction, contributing to the formation of global 3G segment. However, in the course of 4G network evolution, the idea of global coverage by these networks was not even contemplated, in the hope of finding the convergent solutions in the field of satellite and terrestrial mobile telecommunications.
The concept of 5G satellite component considered nowadays rests upon the following preconditions [3]:
5G satellite component is to be integrated into other mobile and fixed networks, but not as autonomy one for the provision of 5G services. The integration of satellite and terrestrial 5G segments forms the key aspect of this vision;
Satellite communication systems are fundamental components for reliable delivering of mobile services, not only in Europe, but also in other regions of the world as by continuum over time and at a reasonable price;
5G satellite component will facilitate universality of 5G networks as well as the solution for various issues dealt with maintenance of multimedia traffic growth, global coverage, M2M, and critical telecommunications (emergency and natural disasters) in optimizing costs for end-users;
Satellite component may become a part of configuration for 5G hybrid network, consisted of combination of broadcasting and broadband infrastructures, run in a manner to ensure uninterrupted and online convergence of 5G services for all end-users.
The requirements for 5G satellite component will be defined by, first of all, the aggregate of services carried out by 5G, consolidated in the families of usage scenarios of 5G terrestrial segment [4, 5]: enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC or mIoT), and Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC).
The potential of satellite networks to uphold the key scenarios for 5G applications is specified by already existing characteristics applicable to modern satellite networks as well as tendencies in satellite technology development in future:
5G satellite networks are such networks, where radio access network NG-RAN is designed by means of satellite network utilization. Technical specifications of 3GPP [3] identified several cases for 5G satellite network use, presented below.
However, these cases do not finish and limit possibility of 5G satellite segment applications and will be proceeded in 3GPP study in Release 17 on 5G evolution.
The main flaw of satellite segment consists in increased delay of information transfer owning to distance between user units and gNB base station. The requirements submitted to the quality of service for data transfer within 5G satellite segment also depend on the relevant number of satellites in operation. The minimum quantity of satellites in operation needed to maintain radio coverage for orbits of different heights [6] is shown in Table 1.
Types of satellite orbits | Height, km | Number of satellites |
---|---|---|
Low earth orbit (LEO) | 800 | ≈ 80 |
1400 | ≈ 50 | |
Medium earth orbit (MEO) | 8000 | ≈ 10 |
Geostationary earth orbit (GEO) | 35,786 | ≈ 3 |
Minimum satellites needed to maintain global radio coverage.
The signal delays forming for different satellite orbits and satellite limits on satellite segment delays are presented in Table 2. Additionally, the indicated delays are summarized with 5 ms delay, added by satellite. Therefore, maximum delay limits reach 30, 90, and 280 ms.
Types of satellite orbits | Delays in link “User terminal-satellite”, ms | Maximum one-way delay, ms | |
---|---|---|---|
Minimum | Maximum | ||
LEO | 3 | 15 | 30 |
MEO | 27 | 43 | 90 |
GEO | 120 | 140 | 280 |
UE to satellite propagation delay.
Other QoS-requirements (Default Priority Level, Packet Delay Budget, Packet Error Rate) for 5G satellite segment have set in 3GPP technical specifications.
On the one hand, spectrum and wide bandwidth for 5G terrestrial networks will require utilization of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands to provide data transfer speed reaching up to 20 Gigabits per second in 5G radio interface connect with the process of delivery of the extended broadband mobile access (eMBB) service. On other hand such requirements to use frequency channels with bandwidth from 50 up to 400 MHz for eMBB-services can provide only in mm-wave bands which already utilized within satellite networks. That is why mm-wave bands in nearest future will turn out to be the most requested in 5G and satellite communications.
World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19) allocated of additional mm-wave frequency bands 24.25–27.5 GHz, 37–43.5 GHz, and 66–71 GHz for 5G terrestrial networks on a global basis. In a series of countries and regions, frequency bands of 45.5–47 GHz and 47.2-48.2 GHz received complimented allocation to terrestrial segment of IMT. This decision WRC-19 will be allowed to use some part of mm-wave bands on spectrum sharing basis for 5G satellite and 5G terrestrial network segments.
Table 3 shown the basic frequency bands allocated to fixed and mobile satellite services, sited within the band from 10.7 to 275 GHz, designed for satellite networks and satisfied the needs for 5G channel bandwidths [7].
Up-link | Down-link | Intersatellite link | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency range (GHz) | Bandwidth (GHz) | Frequency range (GHz) | Bandwidth (GHz) | Frequency range (GHz) | Bandwidth (GHz) |
12.5–13.25 | 0.75 | 10.7–11.7 | 1.0 | 22.55-23.55 | 1.0 |
13.75–14.8 | 1.0 | 17.7–21.2 | 3.5 | 25.25-27.5 | 2.25 |
27.5–31.0 | 3.5 | 37.0–42.5 | 5.5 | 59.0-66.0 | 7.0 |
42.5–47.0 | 4.5 | 66.0-76.0 | 10.0 | 66.0-71.0 | 5.0 |
48.2–50.2 | 2.0 | 123.0-130.0 | 7.0 | 116.0-123.0 | 7.0 |
50.4–51.4 | 1.0 | 158.5-164.0 | 5.5 | 130.0-134.0 | 4.0 |
81.0–86.0 | 5.0 | 167.0-174.5 | 7.5 | 174.5-182.0 | 7.5 |
209.0–226.0 | 17.0 | 191.8-200.0 | 8.2 | 185.0-190.0 | 5.0 |
252.0–275.0 | 23.0 | 232.0-240.0 | 8.0 | ||
Total of bandwidth | Total of bandwidth | Total of bandwidth |
Frequency bands allocated to fixed and mobile satellite services.
The analysis of spectrum bands within 12.5–86 GHz has revealed the availability of frequency bands with total bandwidth equals 17.75 GHz in up-link (UL) bands and within 10.7–76 GHz – the availability of frequency bands with total bandwidth equals 20 GHz in down-link (DL) bands for satellite networks.
In order to ensure the provision of services in the field of mass deployment of IoT devices in 5G satellite segment, it was suggested that part of S-band should utilize as a potential option with 30 MHz bandwidth [8]:
uplink (IoT device–satellite) in band: 1980–2010 MHz;
downlink (satellite–IoT device) in band: 2170–2200 MHz.
The connection between satellite 5G base station gNB and feeder link of satellite network can be performed in one of the fixed satellite service bands.
Furthermore, the study of most popular frequency bands, namely Ka-band (28 GHz) and Q/V-bands (37–53 GHz), has exposed the following features which are to be considered while elaborating the solutions for 5G.
While considering the use of Ka-band for 5G satellite segment, one should bear in mind that:
Ka-band is a traditional satellite band, enhancing access for satellite networks;
a part of this band has allocated for 5G terrestrial networks on a global basis by WRC-19;
a few national administrations are reviewing this band in terms of 5G terrestrial networks use.
While considering the use of Q/V-bands (37-53 GHz) for 5G satellite network, one should bear in mind that:
V-band has not been used yet for satellite applications, in particular, for feeder lines of satellite network;
a part of V-band has been added into bands which has allocated for 5G terrestrial networks on a global basis by WRC-19;
3GPP accelerates common efforts on joint researches as well as study of requirements attached to satellite as well as terrestrial segment of 5G in V-band in Release 17.
Thus, 5G satellite segment can be constructed as the multiband one, as well as 5G terrestrial segment, which was divided into frequency bands lower 6 GHz (FR1) and higher 6 GHz (FR2) also.
The main standardization body – 3GPP responsible for technical specifications on 5G equipment and 5G infrastructure conducted first studies regarding 5G satellite segment use, while elaborating Release 14 within Technical report 3GPP TR 38913 [4].
5G satellite options, presented by 3GPP related to the deployment of 5G satellite segment, are designed for 5G services delivery in areas, where their provision by 5G terrestrial segment is impeded as well as for the services supported by satellite systems.
According to Report [4], 5G satellite segment is to complement 5G services, which delivering especially on road, rail and waterways as well as in rural regions, where access to 5G terrestrial segment is unavailable. 5G services supported via 5G satellite segment go beyond data and voice communications, providing connection with IoT devices and M2M, access to broadcasting services and a number of other services, that is tolerant of signal delays.
Partnership project 3GPP has come up with three options in respect of deployment, shown in Table 4 [4].
Technical parameters | Option 1 | Option 2 | Option 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Carrier frequency | Around 1.5 or 2 GHz for both DL and UL | Around 20 GHz for DL Around 30 GHz for UL | Around 40 or 50 GHz |
Duplexing | FDD | FDD | FDD |
Satellite architecture | Bent-pipe | Bent-pipe, on-board processing | Bent-pipe, on-board processing |
Typical satellite system positioning in the 5G architecture | Access network | Backhaul network | Backhaul network |
System bandwidth (DL + UL) | Up to 2 × 10 MHz | Up to 2 × 250 MHz | Up to 2 × 1000 MHz |
Satellite orbit | GEO, LEO | LEO, MEO, GEO | LEO, MEO, GEO |
UE distribution | 100% out-of-doors | 100% out-of-doors | 100% out-of-doors |
UE mobility | Fixed, portable, mobile | Fixed, portable, mobile | Fixed, portable, mobile |
Satellites and frequency band options for 5G deployment.
The satellite orbits, shown in Table 4 and in Figure 1 enable using:
Geostationary satellites (GEO), located at an altitude of 35,786 km, providing full coverage of the Earth by a constellation ranging from one up to three satellites between 70°N and 70°S;
Medium Earth orbit (MEO), located at an altitude of 8000–20,000 km over the surface of the Earth, providing full coverage of the Earth by satellites ranging from 10 up to 12 satellites.
Low Earth Orbits (LEO) at an altitude of 500–2000 km above the Earth secures the continuity of coverage by satellite network with satellites ranging from 50 up to 100 satellites.
Typical earth orbit of communication satellite.
The frequency bands, specified in Table 4, are applicable solely to a part of satellite bands (Figure 1), whereas modern satellite networks are deployed in broad spectrum of frequency bands, including L-band (1–2 GHz), S-band (2–4 GHz), C-band (3.4–6.725 GHz), Ku-band (10.7–14.8 GHz), Ka-band (17.3–21.2 GHz, 27.0–31.0 GHz), Q/V-bands (37.5–43.5 GHz, 47.2–50.2 GHz and 50.4–51.4 GHz), and higher.
The system architecture of 5G satellite segment is being constructed based on the use cases, mentioned in Section 1 of this chapter and two satellite technologies:
The architecture based on the technology of bent-pipe (with invisible satellite transponders without On-Board Processing) – this option envisages signal reception from user devices, its amplification, its transfer on other frequency and relaying in the direction of satellite gateway.
The architecture based on the technology of On-Board Processing (with satellite transponders, complimented with data processing on board) – this option implies signal reception from user devices, its regenerations, including modulation and demodulation, encryption and decryption of these signals. The architecture on-board processing also provides for the partial allocation of base station equipment on the board of a satellite.
In December 2017, 3GPP in scope of work on Release 16 was published Report on using satellite access in 5G [3]. The Report submitted new business cases of 5G satellite segment utilization, including Internet of Things alongside with the requirements for performance of cross-border connections and the key characteristics for satellite segment of 5G: types of orbits, coverage area, and signal delays during propagation, network architecture for 5G satellite segment.
In accordance of proposed solutions, 5G satellite segment is inculcated into the integrated radio access network (5G RAN), which will be used satellite infrastructure and 5G core network (5G Core). 5G core can be linked up with the other generation RANs, in particular, 4G RAN, apart from satellite segment for 5G.
System architecture of 5G satellite segment, which is to be set up in accordance with the technology of bent-pipe (with transparent satellite transponders) when signal use solely to amplification and signal conditioning on retention of a modulation type has shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Signals relay architecture for 5G NR radio interface.
Relaying architecture based on 5G user device with UE relay.
As one can see in Figures 2 and 3, bent-pipe architecture refers to the architecture where the satellite transponders are transparent: only amplify and change frequency but preserve 5G waveform.
One of the important features of 5G radio access network design is that gNB base stations have a distributed architecture (Figure 4) and consist of a central module gNB-CU and one or more distributed modules gNB-DU(s) [9].
Architecture 5G base station gNB.
The gNB-CU and gNB-DU modules are connected by a logical interface F1. The distributed module gNB-DU supports one or more cells and can only be attached to one central module gNB-CU. This architecture of the gNB base station allows to implement the concept of building an integrated 5G radio access network by placing the gNB-CU and gNB-DU modules at earth stations and realization of F1-interface as a space link based on bent-pipe technology.
System architecture of 5G satellite segment when gNB-CU and gNB-DU modules connected each other through F1-interface by satellite links for on bent-pipe technology has shown in Figure 5.
Architecture 5G base station gNB with F1-satellite interface.
Next options of bent-pipe architecture of 5G satellite segment has used for retranslation NG1 and NG2 interfaces, which connecting 5G base stations gNBs to 5G core. This architecture of 5G satellite segment is shown in Figure 6.
Signals relay architecture for NG1 and NG2 interfaces.
In case where 5G user device (UE) has opportunity to use satellite modem with non-3GPP radio interface for bent-pipe architecture of 5G satellite segment, the architecture option of such segment could design as shown in Figure 7. 5G satellite segment architecture shall support different configurations where the radio access network is either a satellite NG-RAN or a non-3GPP satellite access network, or both.
Signals relay architecture for non-3GPP interface.
Figure 8 shows the 5G satellite segment system architecture implemented on the basis of on-board signal processing technology (with partial deployment of base station processing equipment in satellite). As on-board signal processing payload uses distributed module gNB-DU of 5G base station and as satellite link utilizes 5G NR radio interface.
5G satellite segment architecture based on the on-board processing technology [
In accordance design principle of base stations gNBs, some distributed modules gNB-DUs can connect to only one central module gNB-CU. That makes easier 5G coverage of big areas. The solution for 5G satellite segment architecture on regenerative payload enabled NR-RAN with intersatellite links (ISL) for regional or global coverage shown in Figure 9 [10]. Intersatellite links provide logical F1-interface between distributed modules gNB-DUs, which use Satellite Radio Interface (SRI) over F1 as a transport link between remote radio unit with gNB-CU and satellites.
5G satellite segment architecture on regenerative satellite payloads enabled NR-RAN, with ISL for regional or global coverage.
Second solution for 5G satellite segment architecture (Figure 10) has used 5G base station gNB on satellite (as regenerative payload) enabled NR-RAN with ISLs that provide SRI application over Xn-C and Xn-U interfaces. In this case between remote radio units and satellite gNBs will be used, and 5G standard NG-interfaces connect these gNBs with 5G core network.
5GS with regenerative satellite enabled NR-RAN, with ISL and multiple 5G Core connectivity.
Mobile devices of 5G satellite segment architecture (Figures 2–10) will be presented on the market by user terminals as well as the other wearable devices, installed in cars, ships, planes, etc. Nowadays the potential of wearable satellite user terminals is limited to L- and S-frequency bands. However, the studies regarding the potential functioning of 5G satellite user terminals within Ku and mm-wave bands are still ongoing.
Analysis of proposals and technological projects launched by leading manufacturers and related to usage of satellite networks for expanding the capabilities of 5G networks shows that Boeing [11] and Samsung [7] companies have already tried to make presentations of their projects applicable for 5G satellite segment deployment.
The Boeing company requested the US Federal Communications Commission for permission to launch and operate fixed satellite service (FSS) network on non-geostationary orbit (NGSO). The network would operate in a low-Earth orbit (LEO) in the frequency band 37.5–42.5 GHz (space-Earth) and in the frequency bands 47.2–50.2 and 50.4–52.4 GHz of V-band (Earth-space); it would be used as a NGSO system providing solution of 5G satellite segment operation issues.
The Boeing proposed NGSO system as depicted in Figure 11 and considered as a 5G satellite segment that is designed to provide a wide range of modern telecommunication services alongside with 5G internet services for a broad types of V-band earth stations and user terminals. V-band user terminals use modern antenna arrays for transmitting and receiving broadband signals in channels of different pass bands. It is to note that a high throughput is supported by multichannel and multiple polarization terminals.
Satellite solution of the Boeing company.
The Boeing presented NGSO system would consist of 2956 LEO satellites for the fixed satellite service network providing high throughput low latency access for user terminals connected through gateway (“hubs”) access to 5G network and to a terrestrial optic-fiber network as backhaul connecting to 5G.
The system gateways are expected to be located outside the densely populated areas in the regions with relatively low consumer demand for 5G services. Each NGSO satellite would form beams, corresponding to cell diameter from 8 up to 11 km on the Earth surface within the overall satellite coverage area.
The NGSO system gateways would operate in the same V-band as user terminals. These gateways would support both frequency and polarization selection of signals with two types of antennas polarization LHCP (Left Hand Circular Polarized) and RHCP (Right Hand Circular Polarized). In addition, the access gateways may contain more than one antenna thereby providing simultaneous access to multiple NGSO satellites visible from a relevant access gateway.
At the first stage of deployment, the Boeing NGSO system would comprise a constellation of 1396 LEO satellites in an altitude of 1200 km. The initial satellite constellation would consist of 35 circular orbital planes with an inclination of 45° and additional 6 circular planes inclined at 55°.
The NGSO system payload (Figure 12) would use the improved space-time processing in the course of antenna beam-forming as well as on board digital processing so as to generate thousands of narrow-band beams to provide 5G network services through satellite segment on the Earth surface.
Scheme of on-board processing payload.
Each satellite up-link or down-link may consist of up to five channels of 1 GHz pass band resulting in a total pass band of 5 GHz depending on instant capacity required for a cell supported by a relevant satellite antenna beam. Any satellite UL-channel may be connected to any satellite DL-channel in compliance with used connection algorithm.
Boeing company estimation results show that usage of a satellite network for fixed satellite channels and its spectrum sharing with a 5G terrestrial network in the frequency band 37.5–40.0 GHz would be feasible under the following conditions:
the frequency band 37.5–40.0 GHz is used only for signal reception in FSS network downlink;
spectrum sharing between 5G satellite segment and 5G terrestrial segment is feasible due to high satellite elevation angles;
applying of space-time selection beam-forming methods for terminal antennas of satellite networks and 5G equipment in the aim to achieve higher data rate.
The power flux density (PFD) limits approved by ITU [11, 12] would provide protection for 5G network terrestrial segment from interference caused by FSS satellite network downlinks subject to meeting the requirement of minimal reducing of 5G terrestrial network signal level to 0.2–0.6 dBW.
Boeing simulation results also show that in the assumed spectrum sharing scenario the increasing of 5G base station power would result in enlarging a number of satellite receivers affected by interference from 5G users. Hence, it is required to adopt a (>50 dBW) level of mitigating the interference from 5G networks between FSS earth station receivers and transmitting mobile and base stations of 5G terrestrial segment.
The results of Boeing statistical simulation and quantitative estimation of interference levels show that:
satellite earth stations may be in a higher degree directly affected by 5G base stations interferences;
EIRP values for 5G terrestrial segment should be limited to 62–65 dBW, so as to facilitate interference-free shared operation of 5G satellite and terrestrial segments of FSS system to provide for achieving the required data transfer rates in 5G networks.
Therefore, the joint deployment of satellite and terrestrial segments of 5G network is subject to particular conditions related to joint use of spectrum in V-band.
As confirmation, possibility of successfully utilization integrated satellite segment into 3GPP 5G testbed networks was the last demonstration of Surrey University achievements in 5G satellite network development [13].
Three use cases were demonstrated over a live satellite network via Avanti’s GEO HYLAS 4 satellite and using iDirect’s 5G-enabled Intelligent Gateway (IGW) satellite ground infrastructure that to 5G testbed core network of the University of Surrey to 5G UE terminals. All the 5G testbed use cases used this integrated 5G satellite system for the live satellite connectivity.
The use-case for 5G moving platform was demonstrated over SES’s O3b MEO satellite system, using real terminals and 5G core network.
The need to provide the coverage of large areas of developed countries with 5G networks and the creation of 5G satellite segment of integrate 5G system become relevant issues of development and standardization of 5G networks at the second stage of building these networks in the period 2020–2025, playing the pivotal role in forging Digital economy.
3GPP efforts allowed to obtain many different use cases of 5G satellite segment applications, architecture solutions on bent-pipe, and on-board processing technologies, which would implement in development of future satellite systems.
The leading international organizations in the field of telecommunications as ITU, 3GPP, 5G PPP joined their efforts with consortiums and satellite manufacturers in conducting the researches related to the elaboration of 5G within the radio frequency ranges that have been allotted to satellite radio service to 5G on WRC-19, especially in S-, Ka- and V-bands.
One of the most important issues of 5G satellite segment future development may refer to shared spectrum usage in the frequency bands allocated to 5G satellite and terrestrial segments on the primary basis. Also urgent is the issue of intersystem electromagnetic compatibility of aboard equipment and earth stations with base stations and user devices of 5G terrestrial segment.
This is a brief overview of the main steps involved in publishing with IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs and Edited Books. Once you submit your proposal you will be appointed a Author Service Manager who will be your single point of contact and lead you through all the described steps below.
",metaTitle:"Publishing Process Steps and Descriptions",metaDescription:"This is a brief overview of the main steps involved in publishing with InTechOpen Compacts, Monographs and Edited Books. Once you submit your proposal you will be appointed a Publishing Process Manager who will be your single point of contact and lead you through all the described steps below.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"page/publishing-process-steps",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"1. SEND YOUR PROPOSAL
\\n\\nPlease complete the publishing proposal form. The completed form should serve as an overview of your future Compacts, Monograph or Edited Book. Once submitted, your publishing proposal will be sent for evaluation, and a notice of acceptance or rejection will be sent within 10 to 30 working days from the date of submission.
\\n\\n2. SUBMIT YOUR MANUSCRIPT
\\n\\nAfter approval, you will proceed in submitting your full-length manuscript. 50-130 pages for compacts, 130-500 for Monographs & Edited Books.Your full-length manuscript must follow IntechOpen's Author Guidelines and comply with our publishing rules. Once the manuscript is submitted, but before it is forwarded for peer review, it will be screened for plagiarism.
\\n\\n3. PEER REVIEW RESULTS
\\n\\nExternal reviewers will evaluate your manuscript and provide you with their feedback. You may be asked to revise your draft, or parts of your draft, provide additional information and make any other necessary changes according to their comments and suggestions.
\\n\\n4. ACCEPTANCE AND PRICE QUOTE
\\n\\nIf the manuscript is formally accepted after peer review you will receive a formal Notice of Acceptance, and a price quote.
\\n\\nThe Open Access Publishing Fee of your IntechOpen Compacts, Monograph or Edited Book depends on the volume of the publication and includes: project management, editorial and peer review services, technical editing, language copyediting, cover design and book layout, book promotion and ISBN assignment.
\\n\\nWe will send you your price quote and after it has been accepted (by both the author and the publisher), both parties will sign a Statement of Work binding them to adhere to the agreed upon terms.
\\n\\nAt this step you will also be asked to accept the Copyright Agreement.
\\n\\n5. LANGUAGE COPYEDITING, TECHNICAL EDITING AND TYPESET PROOF
\\n\\nYour manuscript will be sent to Straive, a leader in content solution services, for language copyediting. You will then receive a typeset proof formatted in XML and available online in HTML and PDF to proofread and check for completeness. The first typeset proof of your manuscript is usually available 10 days after its original submission.
\\n\\nAfter we receive your proof corrections and a final typeset of the manuscript is approved, your manuscript is sent to our in house DTP department for technical formatting and online publication preparation.
\\n\\nAdditionally, you will be asked to provide a profile picture (face or chest-up portrait photograph) and a short summary of the book which is required for the book cover design.
\\n\\n6. INVOICE PAYMENT
\\n\\nThe invoice is generally paid by the author, the author’s institution or funder. The payment can be made by credit card from your Author Panel (one will be assigned to you at the beginning of the project), or via bank transfer as indicated on the invoice. We currently accept the following payment options:
\\n\\nIntechOpen will help you complete your payment safely and securely, keeping your personal, professional and financial information safe.
\\n\\n7. ONLINE PUBLICATION, PRINT AND DELIVERY OF THE BOOK
\\n\\nIntechOpen authors can choose whether to publish their book online only or opt for online and print editions. IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs and Edited Books will be published on www.intechopen.com. If ordered, print copies are delivered by DHL within 12 to 15 working days.
\\n\\nIf you feel that IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs or Edited Books are the right publishing format for your work, please fill out the publishing proposal form. For any specific queries related to the publishing process, or IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs & Edited Books in general, please contact us at book.department@intechopen.com
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'1. SEND YOUR PROPOSAL
\n\nPlease complete the publishing proposal form. The completed form should serve as an overview of your future Compacts, Monograph or Edited Book. Once submitted, your publishing proposal will be sent for evaluation, and a notice of acceptance or rejection will be sent within 10 to 30 working days from the date of submission.
\n\n2. SUBMIT YOUR MANUSCRIPT
\n\nAfter approval, you will proceed in submitting your full-length manuscript. 50-130 pages for compacts, 130-500 for Monographs & Edited Books.Your full-length manuscript must follow IntechOpen's Author Guidelines and comply with our publishing rules. Once the manuscript is submitted, but before it is forwarded for peer review, it will be screened for plagiarism.
\n\n3. PEER REVIEW RESULTS
\n\nExternal reviewers will evaluate your manuscript and provide you with their feedback. You may be asked to revise your draft, or parts of your draft, provide additional information and make any other necessary changes according to their comments and suggestions.
\n\n4. ACCEPTANCE AND PRICE QUOTE
\n\nIf the manuscript is formally accepted after peer review you will receive a formal Notice of Acceptance, and a price quote.
\n\nThe Open Access Publishing Fee of your IntechOpen Compacts, Monograph or Edited Book depends on the volume of the publication and includes: project management, editorial and peer review services, technical editing, language copyediting, cover design and book layout, book promotion and ISBN assignment.
\n\nWe will send you your price quote and after it has been accepted (by both the author and the publisher), both parties will sign a Statement of Work binding them to adhere to the agreed upon terms.
\n\nAt this step you will also be asked to accept the Copyright Agreement.
\n\n5. LANGUAGE COPYEDITING, TECHNICAL EDITING AND TYPESET PROOF
\n\nYour manuscript will be sent to Straive, a leader in content solution services, for language copyediting. You will then receive a typeset proof formatted in XML and available online in HTML and PDF to proofread and check for completeness. The first typeset proof of your manuscript is usually available 10 days after its original submission.
\n\nAfter we receive your proof corrections and a final typeset of the manuscript is approved, your manuscript is sent to our in house DTP department for technical formatting and online publication preparation.
\n\nAdditionally, you will be asked to provide a profile picture (face or chest-up portrait photograph) and a short summary of the book which is required for the book cover design.
\n\n6. INVOICE PAYMENT
\n\nThe invoice is generally paid by the author, the author’s institution or funder. The payment can be made by credit card from your Author Panel (one will be assigned to you at the beginning of the project), or via bank transfer as indicated on the invoice. We currently accept the following payment options:
\n\nIntechOpen will help you complete your payment safely and securely, keeping your personal, professional and financial information safe.
\n\n7. ONLINE PUBLICATION, PRINT AND DELIVERY OF THE BOOK
\n\nIntechOpen authors can choose whether to publish their book online only or opt for online and print editions. IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs and Edited Books will be published on www.intechopen.com. If ordered, print copies are delivered by DHL within 12 to 15 working days.
\n\nIf you feel that IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs or Edited Books are the right publishing format for your work, please fill out the publishing proposal form. For any specific queries related to the publishing process, or IntechOpen Compacts, Monographs & Edited Books in general, please contact us at book.department@intechopen.com
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rheinmetall (Germany)",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:8616},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:7693},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:3005},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:15646},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1284},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:22554}],offset:12,limit:12,total:134466},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{topicId:"23"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11433",title:"Human Migration in the Last Three Centuries",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9836df9e82aa9f82e3852a60204909a8",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ingrid Muenstermann",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11433.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"77112",title:"Dr.",name:"Ingrid",surname:"Muenstermann",slug:"ingrid-muenstermann",fullName:"Ingrid Muenstermann"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11437",title:"Social Media - Risks and Opportunities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"000e31f2e2f7295805e9a3864158ad63",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Shafizan Mohamed and Dr. Shazleen Mohamed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11437.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"302450",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Shafizan",surname:"Mohamed",slug:"shafizan-mohamed",fullName:"Shafizan Mohamed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11438",title:"Fake News in the Era of Global Crises",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5f61f975031e13ee705d8b5853f1aa58",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. David Eller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11438.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"476616",title:"Dr.",name:"Jack",surname:"Eller",slug:"jack-eller",fullName:"Jack Eller"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11473",title:"Social Inequality - Structure and Social Processes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"cefab077e403fd1695fb2946e7914942",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Yaroslava Robles-Bykbaev",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11473.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"313341",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Yaroslava",surname:"Robles-Bykbaev",slug:"yaroslava-robles-bykbaev",fullName:"Yaroslava Robles-Bykbaev"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11474",title:"Quality of Life Interventions - Magnitude of Effect and Transferability",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5a6bcdaf5ee144d043bcdab893ff9e1c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Sage Arbor",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11474.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"245319",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sage",surname:"Arbor",slug:"sage-arbor",fullName:"Sage Arbor"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11769",title:"Multiculturalism and Interculturalism",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6c4bda24f278d74f943f2155f13f4d73",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin, Dr. Tareque Aziz and Dr. Sreenivasan Jayashree",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11769.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11773",title:"Archaeology - Challenges and Updates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"17d91462fa926279f65164ac0d5641cd",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11773.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11779",title:"Non-government Organizations - New Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c109a472a9e0ea8398ae95e2d21be039",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Vito Bobek and Dr. Tatjana Horvat",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11779.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"128342",title:"Prof.",name:"Vito",surname:"Bobek",slug:"vito-bobek",fullName:"Vito Bobek"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11780",title:"Volunteering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"008a5fc8005ea6b9228cfe39f9521abe",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Diann Kelly",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11780.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"325207",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Diann",surname:"Kelly",slug:"diann-kelly",fullName:"Diann Kelly"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12115",title:"European Politics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"274a7fe06bb1c3cf128bf7ad081c7c12",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12115.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12116",title:"Youth and Youth Work",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5fcd245b25b23db90b3fd0430d61e168",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12116.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12117",title:"Terrorism",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6e88a48205eb81b8374e9e8efac25f6e",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12117.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:36},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:22},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:23},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:60},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:23},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:106},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:3}],offset:12,limit:12,total:34},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:"mooc-massive-open-online-courses-",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10195",title:"Serotonin and the CNS",subtitle:"New Developments in Pharmacology and Therapeutics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ed9d96da98233a885bd2869a8056c36",slug:"serotonin-and-the-cns-new-developments-in-pharmacology-and-therapeutics",bookSignature:"Berend Olivier",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10195.jpg",editors:[{id:"71579",title:"Prof.",name:"Berend",middleName:null,surname:"Olivier",slug:"berend-olivier",fullName:"Berend Olivier"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10755",title:"Corporate Governance",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ffe06d1d5c4bf0fc2e63511825fe1257",slug:"corporate-governance-recent-advances-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali and Feyza Bhatti",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10755.jpg",editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",middleName:null,surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10901",title:"Grapes and Wine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5d7f2aa74874444bc6986e613ccebd7c",slug:"grapes-and-wine",bookSignature:"Antonio Morata, Iris Loira and Carmen González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10901.jpg",editors:[{id:"180952",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Morata",slug:"antonio-morata",fullName:"Antonio Morata"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11080",title:"Engineering Principles",subtitle:"Welding and Residual Stresses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6c07a13a113bce94174b40096f30fb5e",slug:"engineering-principles-welding-and-residual-stresses",bookSignature:"Kavian Omar Cooke and Ronaldo Câmara Cozza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11080.jpg",editors:[{id:"138778",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavian",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Cooke",slug:"kavian-cooke",fullName:"Kavian Cooke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11029",title:"Hepatitis B",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"609701f502efc3538c112ff47a2c2119",slug:"hepatitis-b",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11029.jpg",editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9537",title:"Human Rights in the Contemporary World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"54f05b93812fd434f3962956d6413a6b",slug:"human-rights-in-the-contemporary-world",bookSignature:"Trudy Corrigan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9537.jpg",editors:[{id:"197557",title:"Dr.",name:"Trudy",middleName:null,surname:"Corrigan",slug:"trudy-corrigan",fullName:"Trudy Corrigan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11371",title:"Cerebral Circulation",subtitle:"Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e2d3335445d2852d0b906bb9750e939f",slug:"cerebral-circulation-updates-on-models-diagnostics-and-treatments-of-related-diseases",bookSignature:"Alba Scerrati, Luca Ricciardi and Flavia Dones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11371.jpg",editors:[{id:"182614",title:"Dr.",name:"Alba",middleName:null,surname:"Scerrati",slug:"alba-scerrati",fullName:"Alba Scerrati"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11012",title:"Radiopharmaceuticals",subtitle:"Current Research for Better Diagnosis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f9046d6f96148b285e776f384991120d",slug:"radiopharmaceuticals-current-research-for-better-diagnosis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11012.jpg",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4438},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:"mooc-massive-open-online-courses-",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1677,editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10195",title:"Serotonin and the CNS",subtitle:"New Developments in Pharmacology and Therapeutics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ed9d96da98233a885bd2869a8056c36",slug:"serotonin-and-the-cns-new-developments-in-pharmacology-and-therapeutics",bookSignature:"Berend Olivier",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10195.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1337,editors:[{id:"71579",title:"Prof.",name:"Berend",middleName:null,surname:"Olivier",slug:"berend-olivier",fullName:"Berend Olivier"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10755",title:"Corporate Governance",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ffe06d1d5c4bf0fc2e63511825fe1257",slug:"corporate-governance-recent-advances-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali and Feyza Bhatti",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10755.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:1309,editors:[{id:"196317",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Okechukwu Lawrence",middleName:null,surname:"Emeagwali",slug:"okechukwu-lawrence-emeagwali",fullName:"Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:847,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10901",title:"Grapes and Wine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5d7f2aa74874444bc6986e613ccebd7c",slug:"grapes-and-wine",bookSignature:"Antonio Morata, Iris Loira and Carmen González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10901.jpg",publishedDate:"June 15th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2273,editors:[{id:"180952",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Morata",slug:"antonio-morata",fullName:"Antonio Morata"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11080",title:"Engineering Principles",subtitle:"Welding and Residual Stresses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6c07a13a113bce94174b40096f30fb5e",slug:"engineering-principles-welding-and-residual-stresses",bookSignature:"Kavian Omar Cooke and Ronaldo Câmara Cozza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11080.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:591,editors:[{id:"138778",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavian",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Cooke",slug:"kavian-cooke",fullName:"Kavian Cooke"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:515,editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",middleName:null,surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11029",title:"Hepatitis B",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"609701f502efc3538c112ff47a2c2119",slug:"hepatitis-b",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11029.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:413,editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9537",title:"Human Rights in the Contemporary World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"54f05b93812fd434f3962956d6413a6b",slug:"human-rights-in-the-contemporary-world",bookSignature:"Trudy Corrigan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9537.jpg",publishedDate:"June 8th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2194,editors:[{id:"197557",title:"Dr.",name:"Trudy",middleName:null,surname:"Corrigan",slug:"trudy-corrigan",fullName:"Trudy Corrigan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11371",title:"Cerebral Circulation",subtitle:"Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e2d3335445d2852d0b906bb9750e939f",slug:"cerebral-circulation-updates-on-models-diagnostics-and-treatments-of-related-diseases",bookSignature:"Alba Scerrati, Luca Ricciardi and Flavia Dones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11371.jpg",publishedDate:"June 23rd 2022",numberOfDownloads:341,editors:[{id:"182614",title:"Dr.",name:"Alba",middleName:null,surname:"Scerrati",slug:"alba-scerrati",fullName:"Alba Scerrati"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"11042",title:"Complementary Therapies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9eb32ccbef95289a133a76e5808a525b",slug:"complementary-therapies",bookSignature:"Mario Bernardo-Filho, Redha Taiar, Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo and Adérito Seixas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11042.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"157376",title:"Prof.",name:"Mario",middleName:null,surname:"Bernardo-Filho",slug:"mario-bernardo-filho",fullName:"Mario Bernardo-Filho"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10037",title:"Thermoelectricity",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ad1d3f637564a29cf1636759f5401994",slug:"thermoelectricity-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Guangzhao Qin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10037.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"188870",title:"Mr.",name:"Guangzhao",middleName:null,surname:"Qin",slug:"guangzhao-qin",fullName:"Guangzhao Qin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11357",title:"Sustainable Crop Production",subtitle:"Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ee41e09e4ad6a336ca9f0e5462da3904",slug:"sustainable-crop-production-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Vijay Singh Meena, Mahipal Choudhary, Ram Prakash Yadav and Sunita Kumari Meena",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11357.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"420235",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"vijay-meena",fullName:"Vijay Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10863",title:"Cardiac Rhythm Management",subtitle:"Pacing, Ablation, Devices",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a064ec49b85ebfc60585c9c3690af53a",slug:"cardiac-rhythm-management-pacing-ablation-devices",bookSignature:"Mart Min and Gabriel Cismaru",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10863.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"62780",title:"Prof.",name:"Mart",middleName:null,surname:"Min",slug:"mart-min",fullName:"Mart Min"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10874",title:"Insights on Antimicrobial Peptides",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"23ca26025e87356a7c2ffac365f73a22",slug:"insights-on-antimicrobial-peptides",bookSignature:"Shymaa Enany, Jorge Masso-Silva and Anna Savitskaya",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10874.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"81926",title:"Dr.",name:"Shymaa",middleName:null,surname:"Enany",slug:"shymaa-enany",fullName:"Shymaa Enany"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11137",title:"Mineralogy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e0e4727c9f1f9b34d788f0dc70278f2b",slug:"mineralogy",bookSignature:"Miloš René",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11137.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"142108",title:"Dr.",name:"Miloš",middleName:null,surname:"René",slug:"milos-rene",fullName:"Miloš René"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10882",title:"Smart Drug Delivery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"70c3ce4256324b3c58db970d446ddac4",slug:"smart-drug-delivery",bookSignature:"Usama Ahmad, Md. Faheem Haider and Juber Akhtar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10882.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"255360",title:"Dr.",name:"Usama",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"usama-ahmad",fullName:"Usama Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10885",title:"Snake Venom and Ecology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cc4503ed9e56a7bcd9f2ca82b0c880a8",slug:"snake-venom-and-ecology",bookSignature:"Mohammad Manjur Shah, Umar Sharif, Tijjani Rufai Buhari and Tijjani Sabiu Imam",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10885.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"94128",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad Manjur",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"mohammad-manjur-shah",fullName:"Mohammad Manjur Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10381",title:"Electrocatalysis and Electrocatalysts for a Cleaner Environment",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9dbafb0b297cf5cbdb220707e022a228",slug:"electrocatalysis-and-electrocatalysts-for-a-cleaner-environment-fundamentals-and-applications",bookSignature:"Lindiwe Eudora Khotseng",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10381.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"236596",title:"Dr.",name:"Lindiwe Eudora",middleName:null,surname:"Khotseng",slug:"lindiwe-eudora-khotseng",fullName:"Lindiwe Eudora Khotseng"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10900",title:"Prunus",subtitle:"Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9261926500acb26c4ae5a29eee78f0db",slug:"prunus-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Ayzin B. Küden and Ali Küden",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10900.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 6th 2022",editors:[{id:"200365",title:"Prof.",name:"Ayzin B.",middleName:"B.",surname:"Küden",slug:"ayzin-b.-kuden",fullName:"Ayzin B. Küden"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"1379",title:"Theriogenology",slug:"animal-science-theriogenology",parent:{id:"297",title:"Animal Science",slug:"animal-science"},numberOfBooks:4,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:118,numberOfWosCitations:98,numberOfCrossrefCitations:73,numberOfDimensionsCitations:160,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"1379",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"8545",title:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"13aaddf5fdbbc78387e77a7da2388bf6",slug:"animal-reproduction-in-veterinary-medicine",bookSignature:"Faruk Aral, Rita Payan-Carreira and Miguel Quaresma",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8545.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"25600",title:"Prof.",name:"Faruk",middleName:null,surname:"Aral",slug:"faruk-aral",fullName:"Faruk Aral"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8460",title:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"32ef5fe73998dd723d308225d756fa1e",slug:"reproductive-biology-and-technology-in-animals",bookSignature:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi and Katy Satué Ambrojo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8460.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6898",title:"Comparative Endocrinology of Animals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1c615706c8e4220ea5a24d231947ac7a",slug:"comparative-endocrinology-of-animals",bookSignature:"Edward Narayan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6898.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"259298",title:"Dr.",name:"Edward",middleName:null,surname:"Narayan",slug:"edward-narayan",fullName:"Edward Narayan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"185",title:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8c5b0152828cb1d252f0531fe4024fa",slug:"artificial-insemination-in-farm-animals",bookSignature:"Milad Manafi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/185.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"56772",title:"Dr.",name:"Milad",middleName:null,surname:"Manafi",slug:"milad-manafi",fullName:"Milad Manafi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:4,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"16107",doi:"10.5772/16563",title:"Effect of Cryopreservation on Sperm Quality and Fertility",slug:"effect-of-cryopreservation-on-sperm-quality-and-fertility",totalDownloads:15477,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:35,abstract:null,book:{id:"185",slug:"artificial-insemination-in-farm-animals",title:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals",fullTitle:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals"},signatures:"Alemayehu Lemma",authors:[{id:"25594",title:"Dr.",name:"Alemayehu",middleName:null,surname:"Lemma",slug:"alemayehu-lemma",fullName:"Alemayehu Lemma"}]},{id:"16100",doi:"10.5772/16592",title:"Artificial Insemination in Pigs",slug:"artificial-insemination-in-pigs",totalDownloads:15249,totalCrossrefCites:8,totalDimensionsCites:16,abstract:null,book:{id:"185",slug:"artificial-insemination-in-farm-animals",title:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals",fullTitle:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals"},signatures:"Maes Dominiek, Lopez Rodriguez Alfonso, Rijsselaere Tom, Vyt Philip and Van Soom Ann",authors:[{id:"25704",title:"Prof.",name:"Dominiek",middleName:null,surname:"Maes",slug:"dominiek-maes",fullName:"Dominiek Maes"},{id:"41076",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfonso",middleName:null,surname:"Lopéz Rodriguez",slug:"alfonso-lopez-rodriguez",fullName:"Alfonso Lopéz Rodriguez"},{id:"41077",title:"Dr.",name:"Tom",middleName:null,surname:"Rijsselaere",slug:"tom-rijsselaere",fullName:"Tom Rijsselaere"},{id:"41078",title:"Dr.",name:"Philip",middleName:null,surname:"Vyt",slug:"philip-vyt",fullName:"Philip Vyt"},{id:"41079",title:"Prof.",name:"Ann",middleName:null,surname:"Van Soom",slug:"ann-van-soom",fullName:"Ann Van Soom"}]},{id:"16096",doi:"10.5772/17943",title:"Artificial Insemination: Current and Future Trends",slug:"artificial-insemination-current-and-future-trends",totalDownloads:22430,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:16,abstract:null,book:{id:"185",slug:"artificial-insemination-in-farm-animals",title:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals",fullTitle:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals"},signatures:"Jane M. Morrell",authors:[{id:"29913",title:"Prof.",name:"Jane M.",middleName:null,surname:"Morrell",slug:"jane-m.-morrell",fullName:"Jane M. Morrell"}]},{id:"68173",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.86799",title:"A Review on the Influence of Climate Change on Sheep Reproduction",slug:"a-review-on-the-influence-of-climate-change-on-sheep-reproduction",totalDownloads:1255,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:13,abstract:"Increasing food and natural fibre production ensure food security for nearly 10 billion people, the projected global population in 2050, without causing further environmental damage can be achieved by transforming systems and adopting sustainable agriculture practices within a changing climate. Globally, climate change effects are having both direct and indirect effects on agricultural productivity including changing rainfall patterns, drought, flooding and the geographical redistribution of pests and diseases. Climate change induced heat stress is thus one of the complex factors making sheep management and husbandry challenging in many geographical locations in the world. Within the sheep industry, reproductive wastage (RW) is a major challenge throughout the varying breeding landscapes. Reproductive wastage is defined as the early losses of embryos undergoing natural and/or artificial breeding programs. Our previous research showed that heat stress (THI > 75) and elevated glucocorticoid levels (indexed using faecal glucocorticoid metabolites) are linked to embryo loss in Merino ewes. This mini review discusses how extreme variation in climate such as heat stress affects the maternal reproductive performance in the Merino sheep and the impacts on the wool industry. We provide recommendations to sheep producers for monitoring and managing the effects of heat stress on-farm.",book:{id:"6898",slug:"comparative-endocrinology-of-animals",title:"Comparative Endocrinology of Animals",fullTitle:"Comparative Endocrinology of Animals"},signatures:"Gregory Sawyer and Edward Jitik Narayan",authors:[{id:"259298",title:"Dr.",name:"Edward",middleName:null,surname:"Narayan",slug:"edward-narayan",fullName:"Edward Narayan"},{id:"260924",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Gregory",middleName:null,surname:"Sawyer",slug:"gregory-sawyer",fullName:"Gregory Sawyer"}]},{id:"16098",doi:"10.5772/16642",title:"Artificial Insemination of Sheep - Possibilities, Realities and Techniques at the Farm Level",slug:"artificial-insemination-of-sheep-possibilities-realities-and-techniques-at-the-farm-level",totalDownloads:11156,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:11,abstract:null,book:{id:"185",slug:"artificial-insemination-in-farm-animals",title:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals",fullTitle:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals"},signatures:"Sandor Kukovics, Erzsebet Gyoker, Timea Nemeth and Elemer Gergatz",authors:[{id:"25894",title:"Prof.",name:"Sándor",middleName:null,surname:"Kukovics",slug:"sandor-kukovics",fullName:"Sándor Kukovics"},{id:"112137",title:"Dr.",name:"Timea",middleName:null,surname:"Németh",slug:"timea-nemeth",fullName:"Timea Németh"},{id:"112138",title:"Dr.",name:"Elemér",middleName:null,surname:"Gergátz",slug:"elemer-gergatz",fullName:"Elemér Gergátz"},{id:"112139",title:"Dr.",name:"Erzsébet",middleName:null,surname:"Gyökér",slug:"erzsebet-gyoker",fullName:"Erzsébet Gyökér"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"70760",title:"Induction and Synchronization of Estrus",slug:"induction-and-synchronization-of-estrus",totalDownloads:1716,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Estrus cycle is a rhythmic change that occur in the reproductive system of females starting from one estrus phase to another. The normal duration of estrus cycle is 21 days in cow, sow, and mare, 17 days in ewe, and 20 days in doe. The species which exhibit a single estrus cycle are known as monstrous and species which come into estrus twice or more are termed polyestrous animals. Among them some species have estrus cycles in a particular season and defined as seasonal polyestrous. It includes goats, sheep, and horses. On the other hand, cattle undergo estrus throughout the year. The estrus inducers can grossly be divided into two parts, that is, non-hormonal and hormonal. Non-hormonal treatments include plant-derived heat inducers, mineral supplementation, uterine and ovarian massage, and use of Lugol’s iodine. The hormones that are used in estrus induction are estrogen, progesterone, GnRH, prostaglandin, insulin, and anti-prolactin-based treatment. Synchronization can shorten the breeding period to less than 5 days, instead of females being bred over a 21-day period, depending on the treatment regimen. The combination of GnRH with the prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)- and progesterone-based synchronization program has shown a novel direction in the estrus synchronization of cattle with the follicular development manipulation.",book:{id:"8545",slug:"animal-reproduction-in-veterinary-medicine",title:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",fullTitle:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine"},signatures:"Prasanna Pal and Mohammad Rayees Dar",authors:[{id:"299126",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad Rayees",middleName:null,surname:"Dar",slug:"mohammad-rayees-dar",fullName:"Mohammad Rayees Dar"},{id:"311663",title:"Dr.",name:"Prasanna",middleName:null,surname:"Pal",slug:"prasanna-pal",fullName:"Prasanna Pal"}]},{id:"16102",title:"Sperm Preparation Techniques for Artificial Insemination - Comparison of Sperm Washing, Swim Up, and Density Gradient Centrifugation Methods",slug:"sperm-preparation-techniques-for-artificial-insemination-comparison-of-sperm-washing-swim-up-and-den",totalDownloads:30025,totalCrossrefCites:8,totalDimensionsCites:8,abstract:null,book:{id:"185",slug:"artificial-insemination-in-farm-animals",title:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals",fullTitle:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals"},signatures:"Ilaria Natali",authors:[{id:"27026",title:"Dr.",name:"Ilaria",middleName:null,surname:"Natali",slug:"ilaria-natali",fullName:"Ilaria Natali"}]},{id:"71105",title:"Understanding Sow Sexual Behavior and the Application of the Boar Pheromone to Stimulate Sow Reproduction",slug:"understanding-sow-sexual-behavior-and-the-application-of-the-boar-pheromone-to-stimulate-sow-reprodu",totalDownloads:1168,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"In this chapter, we review the sexual behavior of domestic pigs, and the visible or measurable anatomical features of the pig that will contribute to detecting sows in estrus. We also summarize olfactory organs, and the effects of a sexual pheromone on pig’s biology and sow reproductive performance. We discuss the role of a live boar in the heat detection where the female is in breeding crates. However, there is an increasing interest in being able to breed sows without a boar present. Farm workers must be trained on the fine points of estrus detection so that they can work in a safe and productive setting. After a review of olfactory biology of the pig, the chapter explains how new pheromonal technology, such as BOARBETTER®, aids in the process of heat detection with or without a live boar. To achieve reproductive success, the persons breeding must assimilate all fine points of pig sexual behavior and possess a clear understanding of what they should be looking for in each sow they expect to breed.",book:{id:"8545",slug:"animal-reproduction-in-veterinary-medicine",title:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",fullTitle:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine"},signatures:"John J. McGlone, Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa, Courtney Archer, Meyer M. Wilson, Karlee D. Jones, Elaina M. Matthews, Amanda A. Gonzalez and Erica Reyes",authors:[{id:"311962",title:"Prof.",name:"John",middleName:null,surname:"McGlone",slug:"john-mcglone",fullName:"John McGlone"},{id:"315592",title:"Dr.",name:"Edgar",middleName:"Omar",surname:"Aviles-Rosa",slug:"edgar-aviles-rosa",fullName:"Edgar Aviles-Rosa"},{id:"315595",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Courtney",middleName:null,surname:"Archer",slug:"courtney-archer",fullName:"Courtney Archer"},{id:"315596",title:"Ms.",name:"Meyer",middleName:null,surname:"Wilson",slug:"meyer-wilson",fullName:"Meyer Wilson"},{id:"315597",title:"Ms.",name:"Karlee",middleName:null,surname:"Jones",slug:"karlee-jones",fullName:"Karlee Jones"},{id:"315598",title:"Ms.",name:"Elaina",middleName:null,surname:"Mathews",slug:"elaina-mathews",fullName:"Elaina Mathews"},{id:"315599",title:"Ms.",name:"Erica",middleName:"Leighann",surname:"Reyes",slug:"erica-reyes",fullName:"Erica Reyes"},{id:"315600",title:"MSc.",name:"Amanda",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez",slug:"amanda-gonzalez",fullName:"Amanda Gonzalez"}]},{id:"16099",title:"Artificial Insemination in Dogs",slug:"artificial-insemination-in-dogs",totalDownloads:40129,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"185",slug:"artificial-insemination-in-farm-animals",title:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals",fullTitle:"Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals"},signatures:"Rita Payan-Carreira, Sonia Miranda and Wojciech Nizanski",authors:[{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira"},{id:"41065",title:"Dr.",name:"Sónia",middleName:null,surname:"Miranda",slug:"sonia-miranda",fullName:"Sónia Miranda"},{id:"62597",title:"Dr.",name:"Wojciech",middleName:null,surname:"Nizanski",slug:"wojciech-nizanski",fullName:"Wojciech Nizanski"}]},{id:"73116",title:"Bovine Mastitis: Part I",slug:"bovine-mastitis-part-i",totalDownloads:802,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Bovine mastitis is one of the most important bacterial diseases of dairy cattle throughout the world. Mastitis is responsible for great economic losses to the dairy producer and to the milk processing industry resulting from reduced milk production, alterations in milk composition, discarded milk, increased replacement costs, extra labor, treatment costs, and veterinary services. Economic losses due to bovine mastitis are estimated to be $2 billion in the United States, $400 million in Canada (Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network-CBMQRN) and $130 million in Australia per year. Many factors can influence the development of mastitis; however, inflammation of the mammary gland is usually a consequence of adhesion, invasion, and colonization of the mammary gland by one or more mastitis pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Escherichia coli.",book:{id:"8545",slug:"animal-reproduction-in-veterinary-medicine",title:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",fullTitle:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine"},signatures:"Oudessa Kerro Dego",authors:[{id:"283019",title:"Dr.",name:"Oudessa",middleName:null,surname:"Kerro Dego",slug:"oudessa-kerro-dego",fullName:"Oudessa Kerro Dego"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"1379",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:32,numberOfPublishedChapters:320,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:133,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:17,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",issn:"2632-0517",scope:"Paralleling similar advances in the medical field, astounding advances occurred in Veterinary Medicine and Science in recent decades. These advances have helped foster better support for animal health, more humane animal production, and a better understanding of the physiology of endangered species to improve the assisted reproductive technologies or the pathogenesis of certain diseases, where animals can be used as models for human diseases (like cancer, degenerative diseases or fertility), and even as a guarantee of public health. Bridging Human, Animal, and Environmental health, the holistic and integrative “One Health” concept intimately associates the developments within those fields, projecting its advancements into practice. This book series aims to tackle various animal-related medicine and sciences fields, providing thematic volumes consisting of high-quality significant research directed to researchers and postgraduates. It aims to give us a glimpse into the new accomplishments in the Veterinary Medicine and Science field. By addressing hot topics in veterinary sciences, we aim to gather authoritative texts within each issue of this series, providing in-depth overviews and analysis for graduates, academics, and practitioners and foreseeing a deeper understanding of the subject. Forthcoming texts, written and edited by experienced researchers from both industry and academia, will also discuss scientific challenges faced today in Veterinary Medicine and Science. In brief, we hope that books in this series will provide accessible references for those interested or working in this field and encourage learning in a range of different topics.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/13.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"June 29th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:11,editor:{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{id:"19",title:"Animal Science",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/19.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"259298",title:"Dr.",name:"Edward",middleName:null,surname:"Narayan",slug:"edward-narayan",fullName:"Edward Narayan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Edward Narayan graduated with Ph.D. degree in Biology from the University of the South Pacific and pioneered non-invasive reproductive and stress endocrinology tools for amphibians - the novel development and validation of non-invasive enzyme immunoassays for the evaluation of reproductive hormonal cycle and stress hormone responses to environmental stressors. \nDr. Narayan leads the Stress Lab (Comparative Physiology and Endocrinology) at the University of Queensland. A dynamic career research platform which is based on the thematic areas of comparative vertebrate physiology, stress endocrinology, reproductive endocrinology, animal health and welfare, and conservation biology. \nEdward has supervised 40 research students and published over 60 peer reviewed research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Queensland",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"20",title:"Animal Nutrition",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/20.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"175967",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",fullName:"Manuel Gonzalez Ronquillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",biography:"Dr. Manuel González Ronquillo obtained his doctorate degree from the University of Zaragoza, Spain, in 2001. He is a research professor at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. He is also a level-2 researcher. He received a Fulbright-Garcia Robles fellowship for a postdoctoral stay at the US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA in 2008–2009. He received grants from Alianza del Pacifico for a stay at the University of Magallanes, Chile, in 2014, and from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) to work in the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Animal Production and Health Division (AGA), Rome, Italy, in 2014–2015. He has collaborated with researchers from different countries and published ninety-eight journal articles. He teaches various degree courses in zootechnics, sheep production, and agricultural sciences and natural resources.\n\nDr. Ronquillo’s research focuses on the evaluation of sustainable animal diets (StAnD), using native resources of the region, decreasing carbon footprint, and applying meta-analysis and mathematical models for a better understanding of animal production.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/28.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"177225",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"rosa-maria-lino-neto-pereira",fullName:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9wkQAC/Profile_Picture_1624519982291",biography:"Rosa Maria Lino Neto Pereira (DVM, MsC, PhD and) is currently a researcher at the Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Unit of the National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinarian Research (INIAV, Portugal). She is the head of the Reproduction and Embryology Laboratories and was lecturer of Reproduction and Reproductive Biotechnologies at Veterinary Medicine Faculty. She has over 25 years of experience working in reproductive biology and biotechnology areas with a special emphasis on embryo and gamete cryopreservation, for research and animal genetic resources conservation, leading research projects with several peer-reviewed papers. Rosa Pereira is member of the ERFP-FAO Ex situ Working Group and of the Management Commission of the Portuguese Animal Germplasm Bank.",institutionString:"The National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research. Portugal",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:15,paginationItems:[{id:"82457",title:"Canine Hearing Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105515",signatures:"Peter M. Skip Scheifele, Devan Marshall, Stephen Lee, Paul Reid, Thomas McCreery and David Byrne",slug:"canine-hearing-management",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"82285",title:"Parvovirus Vectors: The Future of Gene Therapy",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105085",signatures:"Megha Gupta",slug:"parvovirus-vectors-the-future-of-gene-therapy",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"82170",title:"Equine Stress: Neuroendocrine Physiology and Pathophysiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105045",signatures:"Milomir Kovac, Tatiana Vladimirovna Ippolitova, Sergey Pozyabin, Ruslan Aliev, Viktoria Lobanova, Nevena Drakul and Catrin S. Rutland",slug:"equine-stress-neuroendocrine-physiology-and-pathophysiology",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"81793",title:"Canine parvovirus-2: An Emerging Threat to Young Pets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104846",signatures:"Mithilesh Singh, Rajendran Manikandan, Ujjwal Kumar De, Vishal Chander, Babul Rudra Paul, Saravanan Ramakrishnan and Darshini Maramreddy",slug:"canine-parvovirus-2-an-emerging-threat-to-young-pets",totalDownloads:19,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:11,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7233",title:"New Insights into Theriogenology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7233.jpg",slug:"new-insights-into-theriogenology",publishedDate:"December 5th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rita Payan-Carreira",hash:"74f4147e3fb214dd050e5edd3aaf53bc",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"New Insights into Theriogenology",editors:[{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7144",title:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7144.jpg",slug:"veterinary-anatomy-and-physiology",publishedDate:"March 13th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Sian Rutland and Valentina Kubale",hash:"75cdacb570e0e6d15a5f6e69640d87c9",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",biography:"Catrin Rutland is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Developmental Genetics at the University of Nottingham, UK. She obtained a BSc from the University of Derby, England, a master’s degree from Technische Universität München, Germany, and a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham. She undertook a post-doctoral research fellowship in the School of Medicine before accepting tenure in Veterinary Medicine and Science. Dr. Rutland also obtained an MMedSci (Medical Education) and a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE). She is the author of more than sixty peer-reviewed journal articles, twelve books/book chapters, and more than 100 research abstracts in cardiovascular biology and oncology. She is a board member of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Fellow of the Anatomical Society, and Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Dr. Rutland has also written popular science books for the public. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4898. www.nottingham.ac.uk/vet/people/catrin.rutland",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"8524",title:"Lactation in Farm Animals",subtitle:"Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8524.jpg",slug:"lactation-in-farm-animals-biology-physiological-basis-nutritional-requirements-and-modelization",publishedDate:"January 22nd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Naceur M'Hamdi",hash:"2aa2a9a0ec13040bbf0455e34625504e",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Lactation in Farm Animals - Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",editors:[{id:"73376",title:"Dr.",name:"Naceur",middleName:null,surname:"M'Hamdi",slug:"naceur-m'hamdi",fullName:"Naceur M'Hamdi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73376/images/system/73376.jpg",biography:"Naceur M’HAMDI is Associate Professor at the National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage. He is also Member of the Laboratory of genetic, animal and feed resource and member of Animal science Department of INAT. He graduated from Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, in 2002 and completed his masters in 2006. Dr. M’HAMDI completed his PhD thesis in Genetic welfare indicators of dairy cattle at Higher Institute of Agronomy of Chott-Meriem, University of Sousse, in 2011. He worked as assistant Professor of Genetic, biostatistics and animal biotechnology at INAT since 2013.",institutionString:null,institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"8460",title:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8460.jpg",slug:"reproductive-biology-and-technology-in-animals",publishedDate:"April 15th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi and Katy Satué Ambrojo",hash:"32ef5fe73998dd723d308225d756fa1e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",editors:[{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/251314/images/system/251314.jpeg",biography:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi received University degree from the Faculty of Agrarian Science in Argentina, in 1983. Also he received Masters Degree and PhD from Córdoba University, Spain. He is currently a Professor at the Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, at the Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery. He teaches diverse courses in the field of Animal Reproduction and he is the Director of the Veterinary Farm. He also participates in academic postgraduate activities at the Veterinary Faculty of Murcia University, Spain. His research areas include animal physiology, physiology and biotechnology of reproduction either in males or females, the study of gametes under in vitro conditions and the use of ultrasound as a complement to physiological studies and development of applied biotechnologies. Routinely, he supervises students preparing their doctoral, master thesis or final degree projects.",institutionString:"Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain",institution:{name:"Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{id:"11446",title:"Industry 4.0 - Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11446.jpg",hash:"be984f45b90c1003798661ef885d8a34",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 12th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"303193",title:"Dr.",name:"Meisam",surname:"Gordan",slug:"meisam-gordan",fullName:"Meisam Gordan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11448",title:"Artificial Neural Networks - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11448.jpg",hash:"e57ff97a39cfc6fe68a1ac62b503dbe9",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"June 3rd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"22866",title:"Dr.",name:"Chi Leung Patrick",surname:"Hui",slug:"chi-leung-patrick-hui",fullName:"Chi Leung Patrick Hui"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11447",title:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances and Current Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11447.jpg",hash:"f68e3c3430a74fc7a7eb97f6ea2bb42e",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"July 22nd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{id:"82362",title:"Studies on the Short-Term Effects of the Cease of Pesticides Use on Vineyard Microbiome",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105706",signatures:"Simona Ghiță, Mihaela Hnatiuc, Aurora Ranca, Victoria Artem and Mădălina-Andreea Ciocan",slug:"studies-on-the-short-term-effects-of-the-cease-of-pesticides-use-on-vineyard-microbiome",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82297",title:"The Climate Change-Agriculture Nexus in Drylands of Ethiopia",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103905",signatures:"Zenebe Mekonnen",slug:"the-climate-change-agriculture-nexus-in-drylands-of-ethiopia",totalDownloads:22,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"81999",title:"Climate Change, Rural Livelihoods, and Human Well-Being: Experiences from Kenya",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104965",signatures:"André J. Pelser and Rujeko Samanthia Chimukuche",slug:"climate-change-rural-livelihoods-and-human-well-being-experiences-from-kenya",totalDownloads:26,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity",value:40,count:3,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:11,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10664",title:"Animal Reproduction",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",slug:"animal-reproduction",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Yusuf Bozkurt and Mustafa Numan Bucak",hash:"2d66af42fb17d0a6556bb9ef28e273c7",volumeInSeries:11,fullTitle:"Animal Reproduction",editors:[{id:"90846",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Bozkurt",slug:"yusuf-bozkurt",fullName:"Yusuf Bozkurt",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/90846/images/system/90846.jpg",institutionString:"İskenderun Technical University",institution:{name:"İskenderun Technical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",volumeInSeries:10,fullTitle:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition - Production, Health and Environment",editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/310962/images/system/310962.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8737",title:"Rabies Virus at the Beginning of 21st Century",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8737.jpg",slug:"rabies-virus-at-the-beginning-of-21st-century",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Sergey Tkachev",hash:"49cce3f548da548c718c865feb343509",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Rabies Virus at the Beginning of 21st Century",editors:[{id:"61139",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Tkachev",slug:"sergey-tkachev",fullName:"Sergey Tkachev",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/61139/images/system/61139.png",institutionString:"Russian Academy of Sciences",institution:{name:"Russian Academy of Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10496",title:"Advanced Studies in the 21st Century Animal Nutrition",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10496.jpg",slug:"advanced-studies-in-the-21st-century-animal-nutrition",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"László Babinszky, Juliana Oliveira and Edson Mauro Santos",hash:"8ffe43a82ac48b309abc3632bbf3efd0",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Advanced Studies in the 21st Century Animal Nutrition",editors:[{id:"53998",title:"Prof.",name:"László",middleName:null,surname:"Babinszky",slug:"laszlo-babinszky",fullName:"László Babinszky",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/53998/images/system/53998.png",institutionString:"University of Debrecen",institution:{name:"University of Debrecen",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Hungary"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10497",title:"Canine Genetics, Health and Medicine",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10497.jpg",slug:"canine-genetics-health-and-medicine",publishedDate:"June 2nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Rutland",hash:"b91512e31ce34032e560362e6cbccc1c",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Canine Genetics, Health and Medicine",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8545",title:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8545.jpg",slug:"animal-reproduction-in-veterinary-medicine",publishedDate:"January 20th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Faruk Aral, Rita Payan-Carreira and Miguel Quaresma",hash:"13aaddf5fdbbc78387e77a7da2388bf6",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",editors:[{id:"25600",title:"Prof.",name:"Faruk",middleName:null,surname:"Aral",slug:"faruk-aral",fullName:"Faruk Aral",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/25600/images/system/25600.jpg",institutionString:"Independent Researcher",institution:{name:"Harran University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9081",title:"Equine Science",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9081.jpg",slug:"equine-science",publishedDate:"September 23rd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Rutland and Albert Rizvanov",hash:"ac415ef2f5450fa80fdb9cf6cf32cd2d",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Equine Science",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8460",title:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8460.jpg",slug:"reproductive-biology-and-technology-in-animals",publishedDate:"April 15th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi and Katy Satué Ambrojo",hash:"32ef5fe73998dd723d308225d756fa1e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",editors:[{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/251314/images/system/251314.jpeg",institutionString:"Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain",institution:{name:"Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8524",title:"Lactation in Farm Animals",subtitle:"Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8524.jpg",slug:"lactation-in-farm-animals-biology-physiological-basis-nutritional-requirements-and-modelization",publishedDate:"January 22nd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Naceur M'Hamdi",hash:"2aa2a9a0ec13040bbf0455e34625504e",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Lactation in Farm Animals - Biology, Physiological Basis, Nutritional Requirements, and Modelization",editors:[{id:"73376",title:"Dr.",name:"Naceur",middleName:null,surname:"M'Hamdi",slug:"naceur-m'hamdi",fullName:"Naceur M'Hamdi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73376/images/system/73376.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7144",title:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7144.jpg",slug:"veterinary-anatomy-and-physiology",publishedDate:"March 13th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Catrin Sian Rutland and Valentina Kubale",hash:"75cdacb570e0e6d15a5f6e69640d87c9",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7233",title:"New Insights into Theriogenology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7233.jpg",slug:"new-insights-into-theriogenology",publishedDate:"December 5th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rita Payan-Carreira",hash:"74f4147e3fb214dd050e5edd3aaf53bc",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"New Insights into Theriogenology",editors:[{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Animal Nutrition",value:20,count:2},{group:"subseries",caption:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology",value:28,count:4},{group:"subseries",caption:"Animal Science",value:19,count:5}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:1},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:303,paginationItems:[{id:"313921",title:"Dr.",name:"Hassan M.",middleName:null,surname:"Heshmati",slug:"hassan-m.-heshmati",fullName:"Hassan M. Heshmati",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313921/images/system/313921.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hassan Massoud Heshmati is an endocrinologist with 46 years of experience in clinical research in academia (university-affiliated hospitals, Paris, France; Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA) and pharmaceutical companies (Sanofi, Malvern, PA, USA; Essentialis, Carlsbad, CA, USA; Gelesis, Boston, MA, USA). His research activity focuses on pituitary tumors, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancers, osteoporosis, diabetes, and obesity. He has extensive knowledge in the development of anti-obesity products. Dr. Heshmati is the author of 299 abstracts, chapters, and articles related to endocrinology and metabolism. He is currently a consultant at Endocrinology Metabolism Consulting, LLC, Anthem, AZ, USA.",institutionString:"Endocrinology Metabolism Consulting, LLC",institution:null},{id:"76477",title:"Prof.",name:"Mirza",middleName:null,surname:"Hasanuzzaman",slug:"mirza-hasanuzzaman",fullName:"Mirza Hasanuzzaman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/76477/images/system/76477.png",biography:"Dr. Mirza Hasanuzzaman is a Professor of Agronomy at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh. He received his Ph.D. in Plant Stress Physiology and Antioxidant Metabolism from Ehime University, Japan, with a scholarship from the Japanese Government (MEXT). Later, he completed his postdoctoral research at the Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the Ryukyus, Japan, as a recipient of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) postdoctoral fellowship. He was also the recipient of the Australian Government Endeavour Research Fellowship for postdoctoral research as an adjunct senior researcher at the University of Tasmania, Australia. Dr. Hasanuzzaman’s current work is focused on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance. Dr. Hasanuzzaman has published more than 150 articles in peer-reviewed journals. He has edited ten books and written more than forty book chapters on important aspects of plant physiology, plant stress tolerance, and crop production. According to Scopus, Dr. Hasanuzzaman’s publications have received more than 10,500 citations with an h-index of 53. He has been named a Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate. He is an editor and reviewer for more than fifty peer-reviewed international journals and was a recipient of the “Publons Peer Review Award” in 2017, 2018, and 2019. He has been honored by different authorities for his outstanding performance in various fields like research and education, and he has received the World Academy of Science Young Scientist Award (2014) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) Award 2018. He is a fellow of the Bangladesh Academy of Sciences (BAS) and the Royal Society of Biology.",institutionString:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",institution:{name:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",country:{name:"Bangladesh"}}},{id:"187859",title:"Prof.",name:"Kusal",middleName:"K.",surname:"Das",slug:"kusal-das",fullName:"Kusal Das",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBDeQAO/Profile_Picture_1623411145568",biography:"Kusal K. Das is a Distinguished Chair Professor of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College and Director, Centre for Advanced Medical Research (CAMR), BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India. Dr. Das did his M.S. and Ph.D. in Human Physiology from the University of Calcutta, Kolkata. His area of research is focused on understanding of molecular mechanisms of heavy metal activated low oxygen sensing pathways in vascular pathophysiology. He has invented a new method of estimation of serum vitamin E. His expertise in critical experimental protocols on vascular functions in experimental animals was well documented by his quality of publications. He was a Visiting Professor of Medicine at University of Leeds, United Kingdom (2014-2016) and Tulane University, New Orleans, USA (2017). For his immense contribution in medical research Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India conferred him 'G.P. Chatterjee Memorial Research Prize-2019” and he is also the recipient of 'Dr.Raja Ramanna State Scientist Award 2015” by Government of Karnataka. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB), London and Honorary Fellow of Karnataka Science and Technology Academy, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka.",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University), India",institution:null},{id:"243660",title:"Dr.",name:"Mallanagouda Shivanagouda",middleName:null,surname:"Biradar",slug:"mallanagouda-shivanagouda-biradar",fullName:"Mallanagouda Shivanagouda Biradar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243660/images/system/243660.jpeg",biography:"M. S. Biradar is Vice Chancellor and Professor of Medicine of\nBLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India.\nHe obtained his MD with a gold medal in General Medicine and\nhas devoted himself to medical teaching, research, and administrations. He has also immensely contributed to medical research\non vascular medicine, which is reflected by his numerous publications including books and book chapters. Professor Biradar was\nalso Visiting Professor at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University)",institution:{name:"BLDE University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"289796",title:"Dr.",name:"Swastika",middleName:null,surname:"Das",slug:"swastika-das",fullName:"Swastika Das",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/289796/images/system/289796.jpeg",biography:"Swastika N. Das is Professor of Chemistry at the V. P. Dr. P. G.\nHalakatti College of Engineering and Technology, BLDE (Deemed\nto be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India. She obtained an\nMSc, MPhil, and PhD in Chemistry from Sambalpur University,\nOdisha, India. Her areas of research interest are medicinal chemistry, chemical kinetics, and free radical chemistry. She is a member\nof the investigators who invented a new modified method of estimation of serum vitamin E. She has authored numerous publications including book\nchapters and is a mentor of doctoral curriculum at her university.",institutionString:"BLDEA’s V.P.Dr.P.G.Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology",institution:{name:"BLDE University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"248459",title:"Dr.",name:"Akikazu",middleName:null,surname:"Takada",slug:"akikazu-takada",fullName:"Akikazu Takada",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248459/images/system/248459.png",biography:"Akikazu Takada was born in Japan, 1935. After graduation from\nKeio University School of Medicine and finishing his post-graduate studies, he worked at Roswell Park Memorial Institute NY,\nUSA. He then took a professorship at Hamamatsu University\nSchool of Medicine. In thrombosis studies, he found the SK\npotentiator that enhances plasminogen activation by streptokinase. He is very much interested in simultaneous measurements\nof fatty acids, amino acids, and tryptophan degradation products. By using fatty\nacid analyses, he indicated that plasma levels of trans-fatty acids of old men were\nfar higher in the US than Japanese men. . He also showed that eicosapentaenoic acid\n(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels are higher, and arachidonic acid\nlevels are lower in Japanese than US people. By using simultaneous LC/MS analyses\nof plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites, he recently found that plasma levels of\nserotonin, kynurenine, or 5-HIAA were higher in patients of mono- and bipolar\ndepression, which are significantly different from observations reported before. In\nview of recent reports that plasma tryptophan metabolites are mainly produced by\nmicrobiota. He is now working on the relationships between microbiota and depression or autism.",institutionString:"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine",institution:{name:"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"137240",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"mohammed-khalid",fullName:"Mohammed Khalid",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/137240/images/system/137240.png",biography:"Mohammed Khalid received his B.S. in Chemistry in July 2000, and his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry in 2007 from the University of Khartoum, Sudan. In 2009 he joined the Dr. Ron Clarke research group at the School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia as a postdoctoral fellow where he worked on the Interaction of ATP with the phosphoenzyme of the Na+, K+-ATPase, and Dual mechanisms of allosteric acceleration of the Na+, K+-ATPase by ATP. He then worked as Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Khartoum, and in 2014 was promoted to Associate Professor ranking. In 2011 he joined the staff of the Chemistry Department at Taif University, Saudi Arabia, where he is currently active as an Assistant Professor. His research interests include:\r\n(1) P-type ATPase Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanisms; (2) Kinetics and Mechanism of Redox Reactions; (3) Autocatalytic reactions; (4) Computational enzyme kinetics; (5) Allosteric acceleration of P-type ATPases by ATP; (6) Exploring of allosteric sites of ATPases and interaction of ATP with ATPases located in the cell membranes.",institutionString:"Taif University",institution:{name:"Taif University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"63810",title:"Prof.",name:"Jorge",middleName:null,surname:"Morales-Montor",slug:"jorge-morales-montor",fullName:"Jorge Morales-Montor",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63810/images/system/63810.png",biography:"Dr. Jorge Morales-Montor was recognized with the Lola and Igo Flisser PUIS Award for best graduate thesis at the national level in the field of parasitology. He received a fellowship from the Fogarty Foundation to perform postdoctoral research stay at the University of Georgia. He has 153 journal articles to his credit. He has also edited several books and published more than fifty-five book chapters. He is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, Latin American Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Medicine. He has received more than thirty-five awards and has supervised numerous bachelor’s, master’s, and Ph.D. students. Dr. Morales-Montor is the past president of the Mexican Society of Parasitology.",institutionString:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"217215",title:"Dr.",name:"Palash",middleName:null,surname:"Mandal",slug:"palash-mandal",fullName:"Palash Mandal",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217215/images/system/217215.jpeg",biography:null,institutionString:"Charusat University",institution:null},{id:"49739",title:"Dr.",name:"Leszek",middleName:null,surname:"Szablewski",slug:"leszek-szablewski",fullName:"Leszek Szablewski",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49739/images/system/49739.jpg",biography:"Leszek Szablewski is a professor of medical sciences. He received his M.S. in the Faculty of Biology from the University of Warsaw and his PhD degree from the Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences. He habilitated in the Medical University of Warsaw, and he obtained his degree of Professor from the President of Poland. Professor Szablewski is the Head of Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw. Professor Szablewski has published over 80 peer-reviewed papers in journals such as Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Reviews of Cancer, Biol. Chem., J. Biomed. Sci., and Diabetes/Metabol. Res. Rev, Endocrine. He is the author of two books and four book chapters. He has edited four books, written 15 scripts for students, is the ad hoc reviewer of over 30 peer-reviewed journals, and editorial member of peer-reviewed journals. Prof. Szablewski’s research focuses on cell physiology, genetics, and pathophysiology. He works on the damage caused by lack of glucose homeostasis and changes in the expression and/or function of glucose transporters due to various diseases. He has given lectures, seminars, and exercises for students at the Medical University.",institutionString:"Medical University of Warsaw",institution:{name:"Medical University of Warsaw",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"173123",title:"Dr.",name:"Maitham",middleName:null,surname:"Khajah",slug:"maitham-khajah",fullName:"Maitham Khajah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/173123/images/system/173123.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Maitham A. Khajah received his degree in Pharmacy from Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, in 2003 and obtained his PhD degree in December 2009 from the University of Calgary, Canada (Gastrointestinal Science and Immunology). Since January 2010 he has been assistant professor in Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. His research interest are molecular targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the mechanisms responsible for immune cell chemotaxis. He cosupervised many students for the MSc Molecular Biology Program, College of Graduate Studies, Kuwait University. Ever since joining Kuwait University in 2010, he got various grants as PI and Co-I. He was awarded the Best Young Researcher Award by Kuwait University, Research Sector, for the Year 2013–2014. He was a member in the organizing committee for three conferences organized by Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, as cochair and a member in the scientific committee (the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Kuwait International Pharmacy Conference).",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},{id:"195136",title:"Dr.",name:"Aya",middleName:null,surname:"Adel",slug:"aya-adel",fullName:"Aya Adel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195136/images/system/195136.jpg",biography:"Dr. Adel works as an Assistant Lecturer in the unit of Phoniatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. Dr. Adel is especially interested in joint attention and its impairment in autism spectrum disorder",institutionString:"Ain Shams University",institution:{name:"Ain Shams University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"94911",title:"Dr.",name:"Boulenouar",middleName:null,surname:"Mesraoua",slug:"boulenouar-mesraoua",fullName:"Boulenouar Mesraoua",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94911/images/system/94911.png",biography:"Dr Boulenouar Mesraoua is the Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology at Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar and a Consultant Neurologist at Hamad Medical Corporation at the Neuroscience Department; He graduated as a Medical Doctor from the University of Oran, Algeria; he then moved to Belgium, the City of Liege, for a Residency in Internal Medicine and Neurology at Liege University; after getting the Belgian Board of Neurology (with high marks), he went to the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom for a fellowship in Clinical Neurophysiology, under Pr Willison ; Dr Mesraoua had also further training in Epilepsy and Continuous EEG Monitoring for two years (from 2001-2003) in the Neurophysiology department of Zurich University, Switzerland, under late Pr Hans Gregor Wieser ,an internationally known epileptologist expert. \n\nDr B. Mesraoua is the Director of the Neurology Fellowship Program at the Neurology Section and an active member of the newly created Comprehensive Epilepsy Program at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar; he is also Assistant Director of the Residency Program at the Qatar Medical School. \nDr B. Mesraoua's main interests are Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Clinical Neurology; He is the Chairman and the Organizer of the well known Qatar Epilepsy Symposium, he is running yearly for the past 14 years and which is considered a landmark in the Gulf region; He has also started last year , together with other epileptologists from Qatar, the region and elsewhere, a yearly International Epilepsy School Course, which was attended by many neurologists from the Area.\n\nInternationally, Dr Mesraoua is an active and elected member of the Commission on Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR ) , a regional branch of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), where he represents the Middle East and North Africa(MENA ) and where he holds the position of chief of the Epilepsy Epidemiology Section; Dr Mesraoua is a member of the American Academy of Neurology, the Europeen Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society.\n\nDr Mesraoua's main objectives are to encourage frequent gathering of the epileptologists/neurologists from the MENA region and the rest of the world, promote Epilepsy Teaching in the MENA Region, and encourage multicenter studies involving neurologists and epileptologists in the MENA region, particularly epilepsy epidemiological studies. \n\nDr. Mesraoua is the recipient of two research Grants, as the Lead Principal Investigator (750.000 USD and 250.000 USD) from the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) and the Hamad Hospital Internal Research Grant (IRGC), on the following topics : “Continuous EEG Monitoring in the ICU “ and on “Alpha-lactoalbumin , proof of concept in the treatment of epilepsy” .Dr Mesraoua is a reviewer for the journal \"seizures\" (Europeen Epilepsy Journal ) as well as dove journals ; Dr Mesraoua is the author and co-author of many peer reviewed publications and four book chapters in the field of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurology",institutionString:"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar",institution:{name:"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar",country:{name:"Qatar"}}},{id:"282429",title:"Prof.",name:"Covanis",middleName:null,surname:"Athanasios",slug:"covanis-athanasios",fullName:"Covanis Athanasios",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/282429/images/system/282429.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:"Neurology-Neurophysiology Department of the Children Hospital Agia Sophia",institution:null},{id:"190980",title:"Prof.",name:"Marwa",middleName:null,surname:"Mahmoud Saleh",slug:"marwa-mahmoud-saleh",fullName:"Marwa Mahmoud Saleh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/190980/images/system/190980.jpg",biography:"Professor Marwa Mahmoud Saleh is a doctor of medicine and currently works in the unit of Phoniatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. She got her doctoral degree in 1991 and her doctoral thesis was accomplished in the University of Iowa, United States. Her publications covered a multitude of topics as videokymography, cochlear implants, stuttering, and dysphagia. She has lectured Egyptian phonology for many years. Her recent research interest is joint attention in autism.",institutionString:"Ain Shams University",institution:{name:"Ain Shams University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"259190",title:"Dr.",name:"Syed Ali Raza",middleName:null,surname:"Naqvi",slug:"syed-ali-raza-naqvi",fullName:"Syed Ali Raza Naqvi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259190/images/system/259190.png",biography:"Dr. Naqvi is a radioanalytical chemist and is working as an associate professor of analytical chemistry in the Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Advance separation techniques, nuclear analytical techniques and radiopharmaceutical analysis are the main courses that he is teaching to graduate and post-graduate students. In the research area, he is focusing on the development of organic- and biomolecule-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy of infectious and cancerous diseases. Under the supervision of Dr. Naqvi, three students have completed their Ph.D. degrees and 41 students have completed their MS degrees. He has completed three research projects and is currently working on 2 projects entitled “Radiolabeling of fluoroquinolone derivatives for the diagnosis of deep-seated bacterial infections” and “Radiolabeled minigastrin peptides for diagnosis and therapy of NETs”. He has published about 100 research articles in international reputed journals and 7 book chapters. Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH) Islamabad, Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINM), Faisalabad and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology (INOR) Abbottabad are the main collaborating institutes.",institutionString:"Government College University",institution:{name:"Government College University, Faisalabad",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"58390",title:"Dr.",name:"Gyula",middleName:null,surname:"Mozsik",slug:"gyula-mozsik",fullName:"Gyula Mozsik",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/58390/images/system/58390.png",biography:"Gyula Mózsik MD, Ph.D., ScD (med), is an emeritus professor of Medicine at the First Department of Medicine, Univesity of Pécs, Hungary. He was head of this department from 1993 to 2003. His specializations are medicine, gastroenterology, clinical pharmacology, clinical nutrition, and dietetics. His research fields are biochemical pharmacological examinations in the human gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, mechanisms of retinoids, drugs, capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves, and innovative pharmacological, pharmaceutical, and nutritional (dietary) research in humans. He has published about 360 peer-reviewed papers, 197 book chapters, 692 abstracts, 19 monographs, and has edited 37 books. He has given about 1120 regular and review lectures. He has organized thirty-eight national and international congresses and symposia. He is the founder of the International Conference on Ulcer Research (ICUR); International Union of Pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Section (IUPHAR-GI); Brain-Gut Society symposiums, and gastrointestinal cytoprotective symposiums. He received the Andre Robert Award from IUPHAR-GI in 2014. Fifteen of his students have been appointed as full professors in Egypt, Cuba, and Hungary.",institutionString:"University of Pécs",institution:{name:"University of Pecs",country:{name:"Hungary"}}},{id:"277367",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Daniel",middleName:"Martin",surname:"Márquez López",slug:"daniel-marquez-lopez",fullName:"Daniel Márquez López",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/277367/images/7909_n.jpg",biography:"Msc Daniel Martin Márquez López has a bachelor degree in Industrial Chemical Engineering, a Master of science degree in the same área and he is a PhD candidate for the Instituto Politécnico Nacional. His Works are realted to the Green chemistry field, biolubricants, biodiesel, transesterification reactions for biodiesel production and the manipulation of oils for therapeutic purposes.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"196544",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196544/images/system/196544.jpg",biography:"Angel Catalá studied chemistry at Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, where he received a Ph.D. in Chemistry (Biological Branch) in 1965. From 1964 to 1974, he worked as an Assistant in Biochemistry at the School of Medicine at the same university. From 1974 to 1976, he was a fellow of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the University of Connecticut, Health Center, USA. From 1985 to 2004, he served as a Full Professor of Biochemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. He is a member of the National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina, and the Argentine Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SAIB). His laboratory has been interested for many years in the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes from various tissues and different species. Dr. Catalá has directed twelve doctoral theses, published more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals, several chapters in books, and edited twelve books. He received awards at the 40th International Conference Biochemistry of Lipids 1999 in Dijon, France. He is the winner of the Bimbo Pan-American Nutrition, Food Science and Technology Award 2006 and 2012, South America, Human Nutrition, Professional Category. In 2006, he won the Bernardo Houssay award in pharmacology, in recognition of his meritorious works of research. Dr. Catalá belongs to the editorial board of several journals including Journal of Lipids; International Review of Biophysical Chemistry; Frontiers in Membrane Physiology and Biophysics; World Journal of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry Research International; World Journal of Biological Chemistry, Diabetes, and the Pancreas; International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy; and International Journal of Nutrition. He is the co-editor of The Open Biology Journal and associate editor for Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.",institutionString:"Universidad Nacional de La Plata",institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",country:{name:"Argentina"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",slug:"francisco-javier-martin-romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",biography:"Francisco Javier Martín-Romero (Javier) is a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Extremadura, Spain. He is also a group leader at the Biomarkers Institute of Molecular Pathology. Javier received his Ph.D. in 1998 in Biochemistry and Biophysics. At the National Cancer Institute (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) he worked as a research associate on the molecular biology of selenium and its role in health and disease. After postdoctoral collaborations with Carlos Gutierrez-Merino (University of Extremadura, Spain) and Dario Alessi (University of Dundee, UK), he established his own laboratory in 2008. The interest of Javier's lab is the study of cell signaling with a special focus on Ca2+ signaling, and how Ca2+ transport modulates the cytoskeleton, migration, differentiation, cell death, etc. He is especially interested in the study of Ca2+ channels, and the role of STIM1 in the initiation of pathological events.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/198499/images/system/198499.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Daniel Glossman-Mitnik is currently a Titular Researcher at the Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Chihuahua, Mexico, as well as a National Researcher of Level III at the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México. His research interest focuses on computational chemistry and molecular modeling of diverse systems of pharmacological, food, and alternative energy interests by resorting to DFT and Conceptual DFT. He has authored a coauthored more than 270 peer-reviewed papers, 32 book chapters, and 4 edited books. He has delivered speeches at many international and domestic conferences. He serves as a reviewer for more than eighty international journals, books, and research proposals as well as an editor for special issues of renowned scientific journals.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"217323",title:"Prof.",name:"Guang-Jer",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",slug:"guang-jer-wu",fullName:"Guang-Jer Wu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217323/images/8027_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"148546",title:"Dr.",name:"Norma Francenia",middleName:null,surname:"Santos-Sánchez",slug:"norma-francenia-santos-sanchez",fullName:"Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/148546/images/4640_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"272889",title:"Dr.",name:"Narendra",middleName:null,surname:"Maddu",slug:"narendra-maddu",fullName:"Narendra Maddu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/272889/images/10758_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"242491",title:"Prof.",name:"Angelica",middleName:null,surname:"Rueda",slug:"angelica-rueda",fullName:"Angelica Rueda",position:"Investigador Cinvestav 3B",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242491/images/6765_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"88631",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Petyaev",slug:"ivan-petyaev",fullName:"Ivan Petyaev",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lycotec (United Kingdom)",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"428313",title:"Dr.",name:"Sambangi",middleName:null,surname:"Pratyusha",slug:"sambangi-pratyusha",fullName:"Sambangi Pratyusha",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"CGIAR",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"423869",title:"Ms.",name:"Smita",middleName:null,surname:"Rai",slug:"smita-rai",fullName:"Smita Rai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"424024",title:"Prof.",name:"Swati",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"swati-sharma",fullName:"Swati Sharma",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"439112",title:"MSc.",name:"Touseef",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"touseef-fatima",fullName:"Touseef Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"13",type:"subseries",title:"Plant Physiology",keywords:"Plant Nutrition, Plant Hormone, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Plant Stress, Multi-omics, High-throughput Technology, Genome Editing",scope:"Plant Physiology explores fundamental processes in plants, and it includes subtopics such as plant nutrition, plant hormone, photosynthesis, respiration, and plant stress. In recent years, emerging technologies such as multi-omics, high-throughput technologies, and genome editing tools could assist plant physiologists in unraveling molecular mechanisms in specific critical pathways. The global picture of physiological processes in plants needs to be investigated continually to increase our knowledge, and the resulting technologies will benefit sustainable agriculture.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/13.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11409,editor:{id:"332229",title:"Prof.",name:"Jen-Tsung",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",slug:"jen-tsung-chen",fullName:"Jen-Tsung Chen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/332229/images/system/332229.png",biography:"Dr. Jen-Tsung Chen is currently a professor at the National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He teaches cell biology, genomics, proteomics, medicinal plant biotechnology, and plant tissue culture. Dr. Chen\\'s research interests include bioactive compounds, chromatography techniques, in vitro culture, medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and plant biotechnology. He has published more than ninety scientific papers and serves as an editorial board member for Plant Methods, Biomolecules, and International Journal of Molecular Sciences.",institutionString:"National University of Kaohsiung",institution:{name:"National University of Kaohsiung",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"10",title:"Physiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",issn:"2631-8261"},editorialBoard:[{id:"313856",title:"Dr.",name:"Christophe",middleName:"F.E.",surname:"Hano",slug:"christophe-hano",fullName:"Christophe Hano",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313856/images/system/313856.png",institutionString:"University of Orléans",institution:{name:"University of Orléans",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"33993",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Jimenez-Lopez",slug:"jose-carlos-jimenez-lopez",fullName:"Jose Carlos Jimenez-Lopez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/33993/images/system/33993.jpg",institutionString:"Spanish National Research Council",institution:{name:"Spanish National Research Council",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"191770",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed A.",middleName:null,surname:"El-Esawi",slug:"mohamed-a.-el-esawi",fullName:"Mohamed A. El-Esawi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/191770/images/system/191770.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tanta University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"247858",title:"Dr.",name:"Saddam",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"saddam-hussain",fullName:"Saddam Hussain",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSF2aQAG/Profile_Picture_1625658281836",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agriculture Faisalabad",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:10,paginationItems:[{id:"82196",title:"Multi-Features Assisted Age Invariant Face Recognition and Retrieval Using CNN with Scale Invariant Heat Kernel Signature",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104944",signatures:"Kamarajugadda Kishore Kumar and Movva Pavani",slug:"multi-features-assisted-age-invariant-face-recognition-and-retrieval-using-cnn-with-scale-invariant-",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"82063",title:"Evaluating Similarities and Differences between Machine Learning and Traditional Statistical Modeling in Healthcare Analytics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105116",signatures:"Michele Bennett, Ewa J. Kleczyk, Karin Hayes and Rajesh Mehta",slug:"evaluating-similarities-and-differences-between-machine-learning-and-traditional-statistical-modelin",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11422.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81791",title:"Self-Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning in Computer Vision",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104785",signatures:"Yalin Bastanlar and Semih Orhan",slug:"self-supervised-contrastive-representation-learning-in-computer-vision",totalDownloads:30,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79345",title:"Application of Jump Diffusion Models in Insurance Claim Estimation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99853",signatures:"Leonard Mushunje, Chiedza Elvina Mashiri, Edina Chandiwana and Maxwell Mashasha",slug:"application-of-jump-diffusion-models-in-insurance-claim-estimation-1",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81471",title:"Semantic Map: Bringing Together Groups and Discourses",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103818",signatures:"Theodore Chadjipadelis and Georgia Panagiotidou",slug:"semantic-map-bringing-together-groups-and-discourses",totalDownloads:21,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79491",title:"Fuzzy Perceptron Learning for Non-Linearly Separable Patterns",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101312",signatures:"Raja Kishor Duggirala",slug:"fuzzy-perceptron-learning-for-non-linearly-separable-patterns",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Raja Kishor",surname:"Duggirala"}],book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81331",title:"Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Contraceptive Practice among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh: A Hierarchical Machine Learning Classification Approach",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103187",signatures:"Iqramul Haq, Md. Ismail Hossain, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Md. Injamul Haq Methun, Ashis Talukder, Md. Jakaria Habib and Md. Sanwar Hossain",slug:"machine-learning-algorithm-based-contraceptive-practice-among-ever-married-women-in-bangladesh-a-hie",totalDownloads:21,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11422.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"80937",title:"Assessing Heterogeneity of Two-Part Model via Bayesian Model-Based Clustering with Its Application to Cocaine Use Data",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103089",signatures:"Ye-Mao Xia, Qi-Hang Zhu and Jian-Wei Gou",slug:"assessing-heterogeneity-of-two-part-model-via-bayesian-model-based-clustering-with-its-application-t",totalDownloads:24,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"78846",title:"Clustering Algorithms: An Exploratory Review",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100376",signatures:"R.S.M. Lakshmi Patibandla and Veeranjaneyulu N",slug:"clustering-algorithms-an-exploratory-review",totalDownloads:146,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"78463",title:"Clustering by Similarity of Brazilian Legal Documents Using Natural Language Processing Approaches",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99875",signatures:"Raphael Souza de Oliveira and Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento",slug:"clustering-by-similarity-of-brazilian-legal-documents-using-natural-language-processing-approaches",totalDownloads:157,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:7,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7102",title:"Pneumonia",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7102.jpg",slug:"pneumonia",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Nima Rezaei",hash:"9fd70142814192dcec58a176749f1b60",volumeInSeries:13,fullTitle:"Pneumonia",editors:[{id:"116250",title:"Dr.",name:"Nima",middleName:null,surname:"Rezaei",slug:"nima-rezaei",fullName:"Nima Rezaei",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/116250/images/system/116250.jpg",institutionString:"Tehran University of Medical Sciences",institution:{name:"Tehran University of Medical Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Iran"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9615",title:"Chikungunya Virus",subtitle:"A Growing Global Public Health Threat",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9615.jpg",slug:"chikungunya-virus-a-growing-global-public-health-threat",publishedDate:"February 9th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Jean Engohang-Ndong",hash:"c960d94a63867dd12a8ab15176a3ff06",volumeInSeries:12,fullTitle:"Chikungunya Virus - A Growing Global Public Health Threat",editors:[{id:"180733",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean",middleName:null,surname:"Engohang-Ndong",slug:"jean-engohang-ndong",fullName:"Jean Engohang-Ndong",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180733/images/system/180733.png",institutionString:"Kent State University",institution:{name:"Kent State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9619",title:"Epstein-Barr Virus",subtitle:"New Trends",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9619.jpg",slug:"epstein-barr-virus-new-trends",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Emmanuel Drouet",hash:"a2128c53becb6064589570cbe8d976f8",volumeInSeries:11,fullTitle:"Epstein-Barr Virus - New Trends",editors:[{id:"188773",title:"Prof.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:null,surname:"Drouet",slug:"emmanuel-drouet",fullName:"Emmanuel Drouet",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/188773/images/system/188773.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Grenoble Alpes University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9613",title:"Dengue Fever in a One Health Perspective",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9613.jpg",slug:"dengue-fever-in-a-one-health-perspective",publishedDate:"October 28th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Márcia Aparecida Sperança",hash:"77ecce8195c11092230b4156df6d83ff",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Dengue Fever in a One Health Perspective",editors:[{id:"176579",title:"Dr.",name:"Márcia Aparecida",middleName:null,surname:"Sperança",slug:"marcia-aparecida-speranca",fullName:"Márcia Aparecida Sperança",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/176579/images/system/176579.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal do ABC",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7887",title:"Hepatitis B and C",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7887.jpg",slug:"hepatitis-b-and-c",publishedDate:"April 8th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",hash:"8dd6dab483cf505d83caddaeaf497f2c",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Hepatitis B and C",editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73208/images/system/73208.jpg",institutionString:"University of Oviedo",institution:{name:"University of Oviedo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7064",title:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7064.jpg",slug:"current-perspectives-in-human-papillomavirus",publishedDate:"May 2nd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"d92a4085627bab25ddc7942fbf44cf05",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6667",title:"Influenza",subtitle:"Therapeutics and Challenges",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6667.jpg",slug:"influenza-therapeutics-and-challenges",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"105e347b2d5dbbe6b593aceffa051efa",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Influenza - Therapeutics and Challenges",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[],lsSeriesList:[],hsSeriesList:[],sshSeriesList:[],subseriesList:[{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",scope:"Bioinformatics aims to help understand the functioning of the mechanisms of living organisms through the construction and use of quantitative tools. The applications of this research cover many related fields, such as biotechnology and medicine, where, for example, Bioinformatics contributes to faster drug design, DNA analysis in forensics, and DNA sequence analysis in the field of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is a type of medical care in which treatment is customized individually for each patient. Personalized medicine enables more effective therapy, reduces the costs of therapy and clinical trials, and also minimizes the risk of side effects. Nevertheless, advances in personalized medicine would not have been possible without bioinformatics, which can analyze the human genome and other vast amounts of biomedical data, especially in genetics. The rapid growth of information technology enabled the development of new tools to decode human genomes, large-scale studies of genetic variations and medical informatics. The considerable development of technology, including the computing power of computers, is also conducive to the development of bioinformatics, including personalized medicine. In an era of rapidly growing data volumes and ever lower costs of generating, storing and computing data, personalized medicine holds great promises. Modern computational methods used as bioinformatics tools can integrate multi-scale, multi-modal and longitudinal patient data to create even more effective and safer therapy and disease prevention methods. Main aspects of the topic are: Applying bioinformatics in drug discovery and development; Bioinformatics in clinical diagnostics (genetic variants that act as markers for a condition or a disease); Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in personalized medicine; Customize disease-prevention strategies in personalized medicine; Big data analysis in personalized medicine; Translating stratification algorithms into clinical practice of personalized medicine.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/7.jpg",keywords:"Biomedical Data, Drug Discovery, Clinical Diagnostics, Decoding Human Genome, AI in Personalized Medicine, Disease-prevention Strategies, Big Data Analysis in Medicine"},{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation"},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering"}],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:{title:"Biomedical Engineering",id:"7"},selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:null},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/30763",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"30763"},fullPath:"/chapters/30763",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()