Local names and medicinal uses of
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These books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\\n\\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\\n\\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
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IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched formed a partnership to support researchers working in engineering sciences by enabling an easier approach to publishing Open Access content. Using the Knowledge Unlatched crowdfunding model to raise the publishing costs through libraries around the world, Open Access Publishing Fee (OAPF) was not required from the authors.
\n\nInitially, the partnership supported engineering research, but it soon grew to include physical and life sciences, attracting more researchers to the advantages of Open Access publishing.
\n\n\n\nThese books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\n\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\n\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\n\n\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"1574",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Fourier Transforms - New Analytical Approaches and FTIR Strategies",title:"Fourier Transforms",subtitle:"New Analytical Approaches and FTIR Strategies",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"New analytical strategies and techniques are necessary to meet requirements of modern technologies and new materials. In this sense, this book provides a thorough review of current analytical approaches, industrial practices, and strategies in Fourier transform application.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-232-6",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4508-0",doi:"10.5772/2040",price:159,priceEur:175,priceUsd:205,slug:"fourier-transforms-new-analytical-approaches-and-ftir-strategies",numberOfPages:540,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!0,hash:"b6a622dfaac1697f3cfdbf08299f1206",bookSignature:"Goran Nikolic",publishedDate:"April 1st 2011",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1574.jpg",numberOfDownloads:109104,numberOfWosCitations:132,numberOfCrossrefCitations:36,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:16,numberOfDimensionsCitations:107,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:24,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:275,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"June 1st 2010",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"June 29th 2010",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"November 3rd 2010",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"December 3rd 2010",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"February 1st 2011",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"23261",title:"Prof.",name:"Goran",middleName:"S.",surname:"Nikolic",slug:"goran-nikolic",fullName:"Goran Nikolic",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/23261/images/system/23261.jpg",biography:"Dr. Goran Nikolić was born in Knez Selo (Niš, Serbia) on 1 November 1966. He received his B.Sc. degree in Chemistry (1990), M.Sc. degree in Organic Chemical Technology and Polymer Engineering (1996), and finally his PhD degree in Chemical Engineering (2002) from the University of Niš. Currently, he is a full professor at the same university, on Pharmaceutical-cosmetic engineering group of subjects at Faculty of Technology in Leskovac. His research activities are: quality control and stability of drugs, development of new pharmaceutical products (antianemic, antiseptic), pharmaceutical ingredients (synthesis and characterization), polynuclear and biocomplexes, surfactants. His competences are experience: in team work as a researcher, in project management, and managing of academic institution at different levels (vice dean, department chairman, head of chromatographic and spectrosopic laboratories, president of the quality assurance at the Faculty, and a member of the Committee for the improvement of the quality of the University). He is a member of the several national projects in the technological development area (granted by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia), and member of numerous TEMPUS Joint European projects of sustainable technologies, environmental application and management courses (JPHES 2013, JPHES 2010, MCHEM 2010, IB-JEP 19020). He is a member of Serbian Chemical Society and Physicochemical Association of Serbia, and member of the Editorial Board of the journal Advanced Technologies. He has authored more than 300 scientific papers (in international and national scientific journals, on international conferences), numerous technological solutions for pharmaceutical industry, national monographies, international patents, university textbooks, invitation lecturers. 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Different parts of
Country | Local name | Medicinal value | Plant part used | Preparation/application |
---|---|---|---|---|
Togo | Bassarii-Bindumpo, Gudscha, Tem | Oedema and malaria treatmenta | Leaf | Formulation/ oral |
Guinea | Manding-Mandinka | Treatment of tumor, inflammation and as an emollienta | Fruit Fruit pulp | |
Nigeria | Kan-kan oyibo (Yoruba), Ihion-osa (Edo), sooso (Hausa), asisa (Igbo) | Use as an emollient.a | Fruit pulp | |
South Africa | Treatment of Stomach paina | Leaf | Decoction/oral | |
Uganda | Aiding child birtha | Leaf | Decoction/oral | |
Rwanda | Treatment of stomach upset and woundsa | Leaf | Decoction/oral Decoction/topical | |
Tanzania | Anti-abortiona | Leaves/root | Formulation/oral | |
Central African Republic | Enteriobiasis therapya | Leaves | Pulverization/Rectal insertion | |
Congo-Brazaville | Filaria and whooping cough treatmenta | Leaves | Decoction/oral | |
Gabon | Treatment of nose cancera | Root | Formulation/oral | |
DR Congo | Aborticidea | Leaf | Formulation/oral | |
Egypt | Managing diabetes | Seed |
Local names and medicinal uses of
Available at https://uses.plantnet-project.org.
Production of edible forms has taken place in India and the Philippines where the crop is mainly bred. A brand of curry which is produced from the fruit is stripped, chopped and, fried in China and India. The fruit is consumed fresh or diced and processed in Japan for later consumption. The fruit is also employed as a therapy for the treatment of cynocy-tous and flu in Asia. Traditional medicine practitioners in China use the seed and sponge of the old fruits of the plant as stomachic, antipyretic and anthelmintic medicine. In addition, dried fruit is used as therapy for abdominal, chest, muscle, and joint pains [4]. Moreover, the fruits are employed in the treatment of rheumatism, dyspnea, cough and skin inflammation in Chinese folk medicine [5]. The fruit reduces breast swellings and it is combined with other Chinese herbs as a remedy against cancer. The fibrovascular bundle of
Raw or prepared as a vegetable, the new fruit can be consumed, but it must be selected before entrenching the spongy cotyledons and before generating the extinguishing substances. The leaves are also consumed as a vegetable, while the charred seeds contain edible oil that is safe for consumption. The gritty and hazardous seed cake is not ideal for livestock feed but could be used as a compost since the plant is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus [3]. The plant is used for treating bowel and bladder hemorrhage, hemorrhoids, toothache, scarlet fever and smallpox [8].
Goats feed on the fruits and leaves [3], while bees prey on their flowers. The root formulations are also used to relieve of stomach pain and as a muscle relaxant. The leaves are used for stimulation of wound repair and echogenic cognitive development. The fruit sag is consumed as a powerful prophylactic, while the seeds are consumed for their anti-parasitic and relaxing properties. The fruit is also used in the treatment of piles and hematuria [12]. Additionally, the fresh fruit is demulcent, cooling and beneficial to the intestine, stomach and genital organs [8]. The flower of
The methanol and chloroform
Anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited by chloroform extract of
The aqueous-ethanol extract of
The
The ethyl acetate extract of
The petroleum ether extract obtained from
Both crude ethanol and methanol extracts of
Methanol extract of
Methanol extract of
Methanol extract of
The sedative, anti-epileptic and anti-convulsant activities of alcohol extract of
Umehara
The ethanol extract of the fruit peel of
Different parts of
Raw and thermally processed
However, administration of methanol extract of
Aqueous extract of
According to the preliminary phytochemical screening test carried out on different extracts of
A penotacyclic triterpenoid saponin, lucyoside O was isolated from the leaves of
Other compounds there were recently isolated from the dried fruits of L
Phytochemicals | Compounds | Pharmacological action | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Flavonoids | Apigenin 7 glucuronide, | Anti-oxidant, anti-complement, anti-inflammatory, and aldose reductase inhibitory activities | [60] |
Kaempferol 3 - [2″‘,3″‘,4″‘-triacetyl - α - L -arabinopyranosyl -(1–6) -glucoside], | NRPA | ||
Kaempferide, | Anticancer, cardioprotective and Osteo-protective, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial anti-viral | [61, 62]. | |
Diosmin, | Anti-ulcer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, hepato- protective, neuroprotective cardio-protective, nephroprotective, and retinal protection. | [63, 64] | |
Neodiosmin, Eriodictyol −7 glucoside, | NRPA Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer | [65] | |
Quercetin | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardio-protective, neuroprotective, pneumo-proective, hepatoprotective | [66, 67] | |
Myrecetin | Antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, cardiovascular protection | [68, 69] | |
Rutin | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory neuroprotective, antitumor, sedative, anti-convulsant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-cholesteremic, anti-asthmatic, antiosteoporotic, anticataract, immunostimulatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antihypertensive | [70] | |
Catechin | Anticardiovascular, antioxidant, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, anti-infectious, anti-diabetic | [71] | |
Luteolin | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiapoptotic, anti-allergy, | [72] | |
Hyperoside | Anticancer, anti-inflammatory, Anti-oxidant, antiparasite, anti-cholesterolemic, cardioprotection, antidepressant, anti-aging. | [73, 74, 75] | |
Kaempferitrin | antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-angiogenic | [76] | |
Quercetrin | Antioxidant, antitumor, | [77] | |
Tiliroside | Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, anti-thrombotic, neuroprotective osteogenic, antiobesity, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antihypertensive antiaging | [78, 79] | |
Acacetin | antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, antinociceptive antitumor, neuroprotective | [80, 81, 82] | |
Datiscin Fortunellin | NRPA Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective | [83] | |
Linarin | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, osteogenic, anti-cholinesterase neuroprotection, analgesic cardioprotective, | [84, 85] | |
Robinin | NRPA | ||
Vitexin | Antioxidant, neuroprotective anti-inflammatory,antidiabetic, anti-tumor, hepatoprotection, cardio-protective, amtiviral, antibacteria | [86, 87] | |
Vitexin-2”-O-rhamnoside | Antioxidant | [88] | |
Saponarin | Hepatoprotective, antioxidant anti-lipid peroxidation | [82, 89] | |
Phenols | p- coumaric acid, | Antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-lipidemic, anti-gout, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-diabetic, anxiolytic, anti-arthritis, antipyretic, analgesic. | [90, 91] |
1-O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose, | Anti-adipogenic | [92] | |
1-O-(4- hydroxyl benzoyl) glucose. | NRPA | ||
Gallic acid, | Antioxidant, antiobesity, antihyperglycaemic, antidiabetic, anti-lipid peroxidative, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.002 neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, gastroprotective | [93] | |
Gentisic acid | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antigenotoxic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, skin-lightening, muscle relaxation, cardioprotective | [94] | |
Chlorogenic acid | Antioxidant, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, renoprotective, antidiabetic, antitumour, Gasto-intestinal protection, antitumour | [95] | |
4 -hydroxy benzoic acid Vanillic acid, | NRPA Anti-obseity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective cardioprotective | [96, 97, 98] | |
Salicylic acid, | Anti-inflammatory, analgesic | [99] | |
Naringenin, | Antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antiadipogenic immunomodulatory, antiviral | [100] | |
Catechol | Antioxidant, anticancer | [101] | |
Caffeic acid | Antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, Antidiabetic, cardioprotective, immunostimulatory, | [102] | |
Ferulic acid | Antioxidant anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, antidiabetic, immunostimulatory, anti-aging, neuroprotective, photoprotective | [103] | |
Cinnamic acid | Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-melanogenesis, UV-protective | [104, 105] | |
Ellagic acid | Antioxidant, hepatoprotective antitumor, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory ,neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-atherogenic | [106, 107] | |
Triterpenoids | Oleanolic acid | Antioxidant immunomodulatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective anti-inflammatory, analgesic antihypertensive, anticancer, immunostimulatory | [108, 109] |
Echinocystic acid | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiapoptotic, antiviral, antitumor antioxidant, Immunostimulatory | [110, 111] | |
Gypsogenin 3-O- | Antitumour Immunostimulatory | [112] | |
Dehydrovomifoliol | Anticancer, anticholinesterase | [113, 114] | |
Saponin | Lucyoside K, Lucyoside O, | NRPA | |
Lucyoside B | Anti-inflammatory | [21, 115]; | |
Lucyosides N &P Lucyosides A,C-M,R Ginsenosides Re Anti-arrhythmic, modulation of insulin resistance [116, 117, 118] | Fibrinolytic activity NRPA | [119] | |
Ginsenosides Rg1 | Neuroprotective, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-sepsis | [27, 120, 121, 122] | |
21 | NRPA | ||
Cucurbitacins | Cucurbitacin B | Anticancer | [123] |
Cucurbitacin E | Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective anti-tumorigenic, | [124]. | |
Peptides | Luffacyclin | Antifungal | [125] |
Luffin –a Luffin -b | Abotificient, Antitumour, Abotificient, Antitumour | [27, 125] [27, 125] | |
Luffins P1, | Anti-HIV, antitumour, antifungal | [29, 30, 125] | |
Luffin B | Antitumor, Antiviral | [8] | |
Luffins S, | Antitumor, Antiviral | [29, 30, 125] | |
Luffin –α | Antitumor | [27] | |
Bryonolic acid | Inhibits passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and delayed hypersensitivity | [126] | |
Phenylpropanoid glucosides | 1-O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose, 1-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucose 4-O-caffeoyl-glucose. | Antioxidant NRPA | [15, 127] |
6-O-caffeoyl-glucose 4-O-p-coumaroyl-glucose 1-O-p-coumaroyl-β-glucose | Antiradical and antioxidant NRPA NRPA | [128] | |
6-O-p-coumaroyl-glucose 6-O-feruloyl-glucose 1-O-feruloyl-β-glucose 4-O-feruloyl-glucose | NRPA Antioxidant NRPA | [129] | |
Volatiles and other compounds | 3-hydroxy1-methylene-tetrahydroxy-napthalene-2-carbaldehyde | Antimicrobial | [57] |
22, 23-dihydroxy spinasterol | Antimicrobial | [57] | |
Phenanthrene | Antimicrobial, spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation, antiallergic activities and phytotoxic effects | [130, 131] | |
Litchiol B | Antioxidant,anti-bacteria | [132] | |
Pinoresinol | Anti-proliferative, antioxidant | [133] | |
Pentanoic acid | NRPA | ||
Nonanoic acid | Bioherbicides | [134] | |
1-Octen-3-ol | Pesticides | [135] | |
β-linalool | Antioxidant, antibacterial | [136] | |
α-terpineol Nonanal | Antioxidant, insecticidal, anticancer, anti-nociceptive, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antiulcer Antifungal, antidiarrheal | [137, 138] | |
Nonadienal | Anti-bacteria | [59] | |
Decanal | Antimicrobial | [139] | |
Eugenol | Mosquito repellant, antifungal, antibacterial, antiinflamatory antioxidant | [140] | |
Limonene | Antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral,antibacterial | [141] | |
Trihydroxy-octadecadienoic acid | Antifungal | [141, 142] | |
Trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid | Antiviral | [143] | |
Octadecadienoic acid | Antidiabetic | [144] |
Some phytochemicals in
NRPA = no reported pharmacological action
Etim
The review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the traditional uses, pharmacology and phytochemical composition of
Taken together,
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