IntechOpen Book Series will also publish a program of research-driven Thematic Edited Volumes that focus on specific areas and allow for a more in-depth overview of a particular subject.
\\n\\n
IntechOpen Book Series will be launching regularly to offer our authors and editors exciting opportunities to publish their research Open Access. We will begin by relaunching some of our existing Book Series in this innovative book format, and will expand in 2022 into rapidly growing research fields that are driving and advancing society.
With the desire to make book publishing more relevant for the digital age and offer innovative Open Access publishing options, we are thrilled to announce the launch of our new publishing format: IntechOpen Book Series.
\n\n
Designed to cover fast-moving research fields in rapidly expanding areas, our Book Series feature a Topic structure allowing us to present the most relevant sub-disciplines. Book Series are headed by Series Editors, and a team of Topic Editors supported by international Editorial Board members. Topics are always open for submissions, with an Annual Volume published each calendar year.
\n\n
After a robust peer-review process, accepted works are published quickly, thanks to Online First, ensuring research is made available to the scientific community without delay.
\n\n
Our innovative Book Series format brings you:
\n\n
\n\t
Topic Focused Publications - Each topic showcases high impact subject areas
\n\t
Renowned Editorial Expertise - Series Editors, Topic Editors, and a team of international Board Members that permanently support each Book Series
\n\t
Fast Publishing - quick turnaround which is unique for book publishing
\n\t
The benefit of ISSN and ISBN for increased citation and indexing possibilities
\n
\n\n\n\n
IntechOpen Book Series will also publish a program of research-driven Thematic Edited Volumes that focus on specific areas and allow for a more in-depth overview of a particular subject.
\n\n
IntechOpen Book Series will be launching regularly to offer our authors and editors exciting opportunities to publish their research Open Access. We will begin by relaunching some of our existing Book Series in this innovative book format, and will expand in 2022 into rapidly growing research fields that are driving and advancing society.
We invite you to explore our IntechOpen Book Series, find the right publishing program for you and reach your desired audience in record time.
\n\n
Note: Edited in October 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-supports-asapbio-s-new-initiative-publish-your-reviews-20220729",title:"IntechOpen Supports ASAPbio’s New Initiative Publish Your Reviews"},{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"7981",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Overview on Echinococcosis",title:"Overview on Echinococcosis",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"We are very pleased to present this book dealing with echinococcosis. The chapters of this book are written by surgeons, radiologists, and parasitologists from different hospitals in several countries as Tunisia, Turkey, Indonesia, Nigeria, Romania, Chile and Iraq. This book is intended for clinicians, radiologists, internists, and surgeons involved in the management of patients with echinococcosis.",isbn:"978-1-83880-479-4",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-478-7",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-482-4",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77811",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"overview-on-echinococcosis",numberOfPages:124,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"24dee9209f3fd6b7cd28f042da0076f0",bookSignature:"Fethi Derbel and Meriem Braiki",publishedDate:"April 22nd 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7981.jpg",numberOfDownloads:6319,numberOfWosCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitations:3,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:6,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:10,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 24th 2019",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"September 9th 2019",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"November 8th 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"January 27th 2020",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"March 27th 2020",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"62900",title:"Prof.",name:"Fethi",middleName:null,surname:"Derbel",slug:"fethi-derbel",fullName:"Fethi Derbel",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62900/images/system/62900.jpeg",biography:"Professor Fethi Derbel was born in 1960 in Tunisia. He received his medical degree from the Sousse Faculty of Medicine at Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia. He completed his surgical residency in General Surgery at the University Hospital Farhat Hached of Sousse and was a member of the Unit of Liver Transplantation in the University of Rennes, France. He then worked in the Department of Surgery at the Sahloul University Hospital in Sousse. Professor Derbel is presently working at the Clinique les Oliviers, Sousse, Tunisia. His hospital activities are mostly concerned with laparoscopic, colorectal, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, and gastric surgery. He is also very interested in hernia surgery and performs ventral hernia repairs and inguinal hernia repairs. He has been a member of the GREPA and Tunisian Hernia Society (THS). During his residency, he managed patients suffering from diabetic foot, and he was very interested in this pathology. For this reason, he decided to coordinate a book project dealing with the diabetic foot. Professor Derbel has published many articles in journals and collaborates intensively with IntechOpen Access Publisher as an editor.",institutionString:"Clinique les Oliviers",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"6",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"4",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"300144",title:"Dr.",name:"Meriem",middleName:null,surname:"Braiki",slug:"meriem-braiki",fullName:"Meriem Braiki",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/300144/images/system/300144.jpg",biography:"Dr. Meriem Braiki is a specialist in pediatric surgeon from Tunisia. She was born in 1985. She received her medical degree from the University of Medicine at Sousse, Tunisia. She achieved her surgical residency training periods in Pediatric Surgery departments at University Hospitals in Monastir, Tunis and France.\r\nShe is currently working at the Pediatric surgery department, Sidi Bouzid Hospital, Tunisia. Her hospital activities are mostly concerned with laparoscopic, parietal, urological and digestive surgery. She has published several articles in diffrent journals.",institutionString:"Sidi Bouzid Regional Hospital",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:null},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1046",title:"Infectious Diseases",slug:"infectious-diseases"}],chapters:[{id:"68870",title:"Introductory Chapter: Overview on Echinococcosis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88972",slug:"introductory-chapter-overview-on-echinococcosis-1",totalDownloads:656,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Meriem Braiki, Azzaza Mohamed and Fethi Derbel",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68870",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68870",authors:[{id:"62900",title:"Prof.",name:"Fethi",surname:"Derbel",slug:"fethi-derbel",fullName:"Fethi Derbel"},{id:"300144",title:"Dr.",name:"Meriem",surname:"Braiki",slug:"meriem-braiki",fullName:"Meriem Braiki"},{id:"215196",title:"Dr.",name:"Azzaza",surname:"Mohamed",slug:"azzaza-mohamed",fullName:"Azzaza Mohamed"}],corrections:null},{id:"70458",title:"Echinococcosis: Past and Present Situation in Southeast Asia",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89908",slug:"echinococcosis-past-and-present-situation-in-southeast-asia",totalDownloads:704,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"In Asia, Southeast Asia is reported as a non-endemic area of the parasite. However, several indigenous echinococcoses in human and animals were reported in several countries, such as Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Most human infections are caused by Echinococcus granulosus and only two cases with E. ortleppi. There was no evidence case with E. multilocularis in Southeast Asia. Echinococcus granulosus infection is prevalent in areas that association with dogs and livestocks that close contact with dogs. The incidence is very low. A total of 49 cases of echinococcosis was identified in Southeast Asia from 1885 to 2015. Of which, at least 31 cases were indigenous, 14 cases were imported, and 4 cases were unknown. Thailand is the most prevalent country with echinococcosis in human, followed by very low incidence in Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Cambodia and Lao PDR. However, it is very difficult to estimate the real number of human echinococcosis case in Southeast Asia due to the long asymptomatic period that is usually >5 years. The disease may be more prevalent in Southeast Asia; however, they were underdiagnosed and not reported.",signatures:"Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, Mujiyanto Mujiyanto and Mohammad Sudomo",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70458",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70458",authors:[{id:"308062",title:"Mr.",name:"Triwibowo",surname:"Garjito",slug:"triwibowo-garjito",fullName:"Triwibowo Garjito"},{id:"308589",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad",surname:"Sudomo",slug:"mohammad-sudomo",fullName:"Mohammad Sudomo"},{id:"311503",title:"Mr.",name:"Mujiyanto",surname:"Mujiyanto",slug:"mujiyanto-mujiyanto",fullName:"Mujiyanto Mujiyanto"}],corrections:null},{id:"69511",title:"Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Pigs and Human: A Review of Epidemiological Data in West Africa (1990–2019)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89559",slug:"-em-taenia-solium-em-cysticercosis-in-pigs-and-human-a-review-of-epidemiological-data-in-west-africa",totalDownloads:800,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis is a neglected zoonotic disease endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin-American and Asia and is an emerging public health and economic problem. The association between cysticercosis and epilepsy has been documented worldwide including West Africa. Poor sanitary conditions, traditional pig farming and poverty play an important role in perpetuation of Taenia solium. There has been limited research undertaken in T. solium in human and pigs in some West African countries, where prevalence of taeniasis was up 40%, human cysticercosis 10.3%, porcine cysticercosis 32.5–39.6% and epilepsy 28.0/1000–43.0/1000. The study identified porcine cysticercosis in 18 countries, human cysticercosis in 19 countries, taeniasis in 4 countries and epilepsy was reported in 25 countries. The aim of this study is to review scientific literature on the epidemiology of T. solium infections in pigs and humans in Western Africa and document data on the prevalence of epilepsy in the region. The objective is to document occurrence of disease in West Africa so as to offer options available for control. The study conducted literature search of online international databases of published resources for information on T. solium in Western Africa and Epilepsy from 1990 to 2018.",signatures:"Rebecca Weka, Pam Luka, Ndudim Ogo and Paul Weka",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69511",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69511",authors:[{id:"254446",title:"Dr.",name:"Ndudim",surname:"Ogo",slug:"ndudim-ogo",fullName:"Ndudim Ogo"},{id:"308010",title:"Dr.",name:"Rebecca",surname:"Weka",slug:"rebecca-weka",fullName:"Rebecca Weka"},{id:"311177",title:"Dr.",name:"Pam",surname:"Luka",slug:"pam-luka",fullName:"Pam Luka"},{id:"311178",title:"Mr.",name:"Paul",surname:"Weka",slug:"paul-weka",fullName:"Paul Weka"}],corrections:null},{id:"71160",title:"Echinococcus granulosus",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90708",slug:"-em-echinococcus-granulosus-em-",totalDownloads:1185,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Echinococcus granulosus is also called the hydatid worm, which a parasite that infects humans and animals. It causes zoonotic disease known as echinococcosis (hydatidosis). Adult worms live in the intestines of dogs that are the definitive host. Hydatidosis is known since ancient times and is one of the epidemic diseases that is dangerous to humans in terms of health and economy in most countries of the world. Hydatidosis or echinococcosis unilocular is common in many Arab countries, including Libya, Sudan, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Algeria, Palestine, Iraq, and others as well as North, East, and South Africa, Western and Southern Europe, and South America. Studies indicate that the disease is spreading in areas that were previously completely free of it such as North America and Canada. It was also noted that the incidence of the disease in rural areas is close to 50%, and this is due to the large breeding of farm animals and the presence of meat eaters, which helps to complete the life cycle of this parasite, which needs the intermediate host (farm animals and humans) and the definitive host (Canidae).",signatures:"Khadeeja Abees Hmood Al-Khalidi, Hiba Riyadh Al-Abodi, Hayder Kamil Jabbar and Baheeja A. Hmood",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/71160",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/71160",authors:[{id:"310985",title:"Dr.",name:"Khadeeja",surname:"Al-Khalidi",slug:"khadeeja-al-khalidi",fullName:"Khadeeja Al-Khalidi"}],corrections:null},{id:"68691",title:"Imaging in Echinococcosis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88708",slug:"imaging-in-echinococcosis",totalDownloads:653,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Hydatid disease is a widely common parasitic disease caused by the species; Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Echinococcosis is a serious medical, economical and social handicap all over the world. Almost any organ of the body can be involved with the zoonosis, liver and lungs are the most frequently involved organs. Imaging has a critical role for diagnosis of the disease. Radiography is the first imaging tool. Although CT aids the detection of size, number, location and imaging of local complications for diagnosis of hydatid cysts, sometimes atypical lesions rise in the imaging tools. MRI may help for differentiation of hydatid lesions from other neoplastic and hypodense infective lesions. MRI is also better for biliary and neurological involvement. Ultrasound is especially helpful for abdominal hydatidosis and peripheral lung lesions. Regarding that clinical evaluation is difficult for hydatidosis; radiological findings should be evaluated well for accurate diagnosis. This chapter will focus on imaging of echinococcosis.",signatures:"Tuba Apaydin",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68691",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68691",authors:[{id:"303399",title:"M.D.",name:"Tuba",surname:"Apaydın",slug:"tuba-apaydin",fullName:"Tuba Apaydın"}],corrections:null},{id:"68559",title:"Medical Treatment of Cystic Echinococcosis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88545",slug:"medical-treatment-of-cystic-echinococcosis",totalDownloads:915,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Medical treatment in cystic echinococcosis is limited; albendazole remains the gold treatment for patients with low hydatid cysts or those with inoperable echinococcosis. Due to uncommon side effects, administration may be continuous (cycles of 28 days with a break of 14 days between courses) as well as discontinuous over long periods of time. In recent years, there have been many concerns for the testing of various substances and drugs against Echinococcus granulosus, both in vitro and in vivo, on the animal model, but the results have not been satisfactory. New clinical trials are required, as well as the development of an effective vaccine to limit the spread of echinococcosis in endemic areas.",signatures:"Irina Magdalena Dumitru",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68559",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68559",authors:[{id:"303641",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Irina Magdalena",surname:"Dumitru",slug:"irina-magdalena-dumitru",fullName:"Irina Magdalena Dumitru"}],corrections:null},{id:"67985",title:"Utility of ERCP in the Diagnosis and Management of Biliary Complications of Hepatic Hydatid Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.87435",slug:"utility-of-ercp-in-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-biliary-complications-of-hepatic-hydatid-disease",totalDownloads:776,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"To report the experience with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the pre- and postoperative management of complicated liver hydatidosis. Case series retrospective of 14 patients who underwent ERCP in the Department of Surgery and Endoscopy Regional Hospital of Coyhaique, from January 2005 to December 2014. In this report, patients are separated into two groups: those in whom ERCP was used as diagnosis and those in which it was used for handling the external biliary fistula. Five patients consulting for jaundice and pain were subjected to ERCP in the preoperative period. Hydatid membranes were found and extracted in all. A sphincterotomy was performed in all, and an endoprosthesis was placed in one. Four patients were operated posteriorly, and only one did not require surgery. On nine patients with an external biliary fistula draining more than 200 ml/day, a postoperative ERCP was carried out. The surgical procedure was a partial cystectomy, and in four it was laparoscopic. The ERCP was carried out in the 20th postoperative day, performing a sphincterotomy and placing an endoprosthesis in all. Fistulae are closed at 28 days. Patients were followed up for 6 years and none died.",signatures:"Pedro Pinto, Sergio Gaete and Patricia Vega",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/67985",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/67985",authors:[{id:"270496",title:"M.D.",name:"Pedro",surname:"Pinto Guerrero",slug:"pedro-pinto-guerrero",fullName:"Pedro Pinto Guerrero"},{id:"303645",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergio",surname:"Gaete",slug:"sergio-gaete",fullName:"Sergio Gaete"}],corrections:null},{id:"70728",title:"The Surgical Management of Hydatid Cyst of the Liver: What is New?",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90726",slug:"the-surgical-management-of-hydatid-cyst-of-the-liver-what-is-new-",totalDownloads:630,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Liver hydatid cyst is a disease of zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus or less frequently by Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus oligarthrus. The primary carriers are canines, while human beings are secondary hosts. Early diagnosis is important for cysts not to become complicated and for the treatment not to get difficult. The most effective treatment of uncomplicated hydatid cyst is to reduce the dead space of the cavity and to discharge the fluid as much as possible. However, if the cysts get complex, there is no standard treatment management defined other than offered management options by authors. In complex conditions, the treatment is determined according to the stage of the cyst and the relation of the cyst with biliary ducts or surrounding organs. In this chapter, the treatment regimens of liver hydatid disease mainly based on interventions and surgical operations are going to take a part.",signatures:"Mehmet Mihmanli, Mert Tanal, Emre Bozkurt and Onur Guven",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70728",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70728",authors:[{id:"311390",title:"Prof.",name:"Mehmet",surname:"Mihmanli",slug:"mehmet-mihmanli",fullName:"Mehmet Mihmanli"},{id:"311392",title:"Dr.",name:"Mert",surname:"Tanal",slug:"mert-tanal",fullName:"Mert Tanal"},{id:"315042",title:"Dr.",name:"Emre",surname:"Bozkurt",slug:"emre-bozkurt",fullName:"Emre Bozkurt"},{id:"315043",title:"Dr.",name:"Onur",surname:"Guven",slug:"onur-guven",fullName:"Onur Guven"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:{id:"5",series:{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",issn:"2631-6188",editor:{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"8",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"11",institution:null}}},tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"2649",title:"Abdominal Surgery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cf9e8d49b05e1e65874842c5bbf4bccc",slug:"abdominal-surgery",bookSignature:"Fethi Derbel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2649.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62900",title:"Prof.",name:"Fethi",surname:"Derbel",slug:"fethi-derbel",fullName:"Fethi Derbel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"810",title:"Soft Tissue Tumors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"375dc4018f82027f6258134d0b422082",slug:"soft-tissue-tumors",bookSignature:"Fethi Derbel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/810.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62900",title:"Prof.",name:"Fethi",surname:"Derbel",slug:"fethi-derbel",fullName:"Fethi Derbel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5928",title:"Hernia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"da6d5993833758a0ca3e4abb4e913a56",slug:"hernia",bookSignature:"Fethi Derbel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5928.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62900",title:"Prof.",name:"Fethi",surname:"Derbel",slug:"fethi-derbel",fullName:"Fethi Derbel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"825",title:"Current Topics in Tropical Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ef65e8eb7a2ada65f2bc939aa73009e3",slug:"current-topics-in-tropical-medicine",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/825.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"799",title:"Salmonella",subtitle:"A Dangerous Foodborne Pathogen",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ba452d8a24ef16b1267d2854b28f6e6a",slug:"salmonella-a-dangerous-foodborne-pathogen",bookSignature:"Barakat S. M. Mahmoud",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/799.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92016",title:"Dr.",name:"Barakat",surname:"Mahmoud",slug:"barakat-mahmoud",fullName:"Barakat Mahmoud"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3842",title:"Leishmaniasis",subtitle:"Trends in Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"861f3ca84eede677ba6cd863093d62f8",slug:"leishmaniasis-trends-in-epidemiology-diagnosis-and-treatment",bookSignature:"David M. Claborn",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3842.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"169536",title:"Dr.",name:"David",surname:"Claborn",slug:"david-claborn",fullName:"David Claborn"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2068",title:"Understanding Tuberculosis",subtitle:"New Approaches to Fighting Against Drug Resistance",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"077a11a53e4b135020092b8c1143f93c",slug:"understanding-tuberculosis-new-approaches-to-fighting-against-drug-resistance",bookSignature:"Pere-Joan Cardona",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2068.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"78269",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Pere-Joan",surname:"Cardona",slug:"pere-joan-cardona",fullName:"Pere-Joan Cardona"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"322",title:"Flavivirus Encephalitis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"269535b3a2f21a46216f4ca6925aa8f1",slug:"flavivirus-encephalitis",bookSignature:"Daniel Růžek",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/322.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"33830",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Ruzek",slug:"daniel-ruzek",fullName:"Daniel Ruzek"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"971",title:"Malaria Parasites",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d7a9d672f9988a6d5b059aed14188896",slug:"malaria-parasites",bookSignature:"Omolade O. Okwa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/971.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99780",title:"Prof.",name:"Omolade",surname:"Okwa",slug:"omolade-okwa",fullName:"Omolade Okwa"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"79356",slug:"corrigendum-to-mode-interferences-of-vlf-waves-in-the-presence-of-an-anisotropic-terrestrial-wavegui",title:"Corrigendum to: Mode Interferences of VLF Waves in the Presence of an Anisotropic Terrestrial Waveguide",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/72131.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/72131",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/72131",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/72131",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/72131",chapter:{id:"71068",slug:"mode-interferences-of-vlf-waves-in-the-presence-of-an-anisotropic-terrestrial-waveguide",signatures:"Ting Ting Gu and Hong Lei Xu",dateSubmitted:"November 27th 2019",dateReviewed:"January 16th 2020",datePrePublished:"February 12th 2020",datePublished:"October 21st 2020",book:{id:"10093",title:"Electromagnetic Propagation and Waveguides in Photonics and Microwave Engineering",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Electromagnetic Propagation and Waveguides in Photonics and Microwave Engineering",slug:"electromagnetic-propagation-and-waveguides-in-photonics-and-microwave-engineering",publishedDate:"October 21st 2020",bookSignature:"Patrick Steglich",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10093.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"223128",title:"Dr.",name:"Patrick",middleName:null,surname:"Steglich",slug:"patrick-steglich",fullName:"Patrick Steglich"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"311601",title:"Dr.",name:"Hong Lei",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",fullName:"Hong Lei Xu",slug:"hong-lei-xu",email:"xhl_207@126.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"311617",title:"Dr.",name:"Ting Ting",middleName:null,surname:"Gu",fullName:"Ting Ting Gu",slug:"ting-ting-gu",email:"ttgu@zju.edu.cn",position:null,institution:{name:"Zhejiang University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"411418",title:"Dr.",name:"Kai",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Kai Li",slug:"kai-li",email:"likai1030@ buaa.edu.cn",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"71068",slug:"mode-interferences-of-vlf-waves-in-the-presence-of-an-anisotropic-terrestrial-waveguide",signatures:"Ting Ting Gu and Hong Lei Xu",dateSubmitted:"November 27th 2019",dateReviewed:"January 16th 2020",datePrePublished:"February 12th 2020",datePublished:"October 21st 2020",book:{id:"10093",title:"Electromagnetic Propagation and Waveguides in Photonics and Microwave Engineering",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Electromagnetic Propagation and Waveguides in Photonics and Microwave Engineering",slug:"electromagnetic-propagation-and-waveguides-in-photonics-and-microwave-engineering",publishedDate:"October 21st 2020",bookSignature:"Patrick Steglich",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10093.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"223128",title:"Dr.",name:"Patrick",middleName:null,surname:"Steglich",slug:"patrick-steglich",fullName:"Patrick Steglich"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"311601",title:"Dr.",name:"Hong Lei",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",fullName:"Hong Lei Xu",slug:"hong-lei-xu",email:"xhl_207@126.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"311617",title:"Dr.",name:"Ting Ting",middleName:null,surname:"Gu",fullName:"Ting Ting Gu",slug:"ting-ting-gu",email:"ttgu@zju.edu.cn",position:null,institution:{name:"Zhejiang University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"411418",title:"Dr.",name:"Kai",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Kai Li",slug:"kai-li",email:"likai1030@ buaa.edu.cn",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"10093",title:"Electromagnetic Propagation and Waveguides in Photonics and Microwave Engineering",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Electromagnetic Propagation and Waveguides in Photonics and Microwave Engineering",slug:"electromagnetic-propagation-and-waveguides-in-photonics-and-microwave-engineering",publishedDate:"October 21st 2020",bookSignature:"Patrick Steglich",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10093.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"223128",title:"Dr.",name:"Patrick",middleName:null,surname:"Steglich",slug:"patrick-steglich",fullName:"Patrick Steglich"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"11810",leadTitle:null,title:"Animal Behavior - New Insights",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"
\r\n\tAnimal behavior is an animal's response to an action, environment, person, or stimulus after the integration of genetic, sensory, neural, endocrine, and influencer components. The success of the response is an important factor for the survival of living things and the continuation of the species. Learning the behavior is a very important issue that serves as a guide in the adaptation and management of living things. This book, it is aimed to explain the history of behavioral science (Ethology), instinct, domestication, the effects of physiological and biochemical factors, hormones, and the nervous system on animal behavior. Moreover, there will be a comprehensive overview of genetic control of animal behavior, animal learning, offspring care, defense, foraging, sexual behavior, social behavior, migration, sleep, navigation, studies on animal behavior, abnormal animal behavior, and the factors that can cause these behaviors. The book will be an alternative resource for students and educators in biology, veterinary medicine, agriculture, psychology, sociology, and environmental sciences.
",isbn:"978-1-80356-936-9",printIsbn:"978-1-80356-935-2",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80356-937-6",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"db1dacc9284b2fc73f38fa985a586e15",bookSignature:"Dr. Volkan Gelen and Dr. Abdulsamed Kükürt",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11810.jpg",keywords:"Conditioning, Natural Behaviors, Domestication, Genetics, Environment, Physiology, Sleep Behavior in Animals, Hibernation, Circadian Rhythm, Migration, Parental Care, Reproductive",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 6th 2022",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"June 15th 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 14th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"November 2nd 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"January 1st 2023",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"2 months",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr.Gelen gained his veterinary degree from Kafkas University Veterinary Faculty. 2011, he was rewarded with undergraduate term first place and he received the best poster award at the 8th national veterinary biochemistry congress. Dr. Gelen served as the director of the animal experiments research and application center.",coeditorOneBiosketch:"Dr. Kükürt is currently working at the Department of Biochemistry, Kafkas University. He has 27 published research articles in academic journals, 11 book chapters, and 37 papers. He took part in 10 academic projects. He served as a reviewer for many articles. He still serves as a member of the review board in many academic journals. He also served as the director of the animal experiments research and application center.",coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"178366",title:"Dr.",name:"Volkan",middleName:null,surname:"Gelen",slug:"volkan-gelen",fullName:"Volkan Gelen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178366/images/system/178366.jpg",biography:"Volkan Gelen is a Physiology specialist who received his veterinary degree from Kafkas University in 2011. Between 2011-2015, he worked as an assistant at Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. In 2016, he joined Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology as an assistant professor. Dr. Gelen has been engaged in various academic activities at Kafkas University since 2016. There he completed 5 projects and has 3 ongoing projects. He has 60 articles published in scientific journals and 20 poster presentations in scientific congresses. His research interests include physiology, endocrine system, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular system diseases, and isolated organ bath system studies.",institutionString:"Kafkas University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"5",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Kafkas University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],coeditorOne:{id:"219081",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdulsamed",middleName:null,surname:"Kükürt",slug:"abdulsamed-kukurt",fullName:"Abdulsamed Kükürt",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/219081/images/system/219081.png",biography:"Dr. Kükürt graduated from Uludağ University in Turkey. He started his academic career as a Research Assistant in the Department of Biochemistry at Kafkas University. In 2019, he completed his Ph.D. program in the Department of Biochemistry at the Institute of Health Sciences. He is currently working at the Department of Biochemistry, Kafkas University. He has 27 published research articles in academic journals, 11 book chapters, and 37 papers. He took part in 10 academic projects. He served as a reviewer for many articles. He still serves as a member of the review board in many academic journals. He is currently working on the protective activity of phenolic compounds in disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:null,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"6",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Kafkas University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"5",title:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",slug:"agricultural-and-biological-sciences"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"466997",firstName:"Patricia",lastName:"Kerep",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/466997/images/21565_n.jpg",email:"patricia@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully"}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6418",title:"Hyperspectral Imaging in Agriculture, Food and Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9005c36534a5dc065577a011aea13d4d",slug:"hyperspectral-imaging-in-agriculture-food-and-environment",bookSignature:"Alejandro Isabel Luna Maldonado, Humberto Rodríguez Fuentes and Juan Antonio Vidales Contreras",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6418.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"105774",title:"Prof.",name:"Alejandro Isabel",surname:"Luna Maldonado",slug:"alejandro-isabel-luna-maldonado",fullName:"Alejandro Isabel Luna Maldonado"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10359",title:"Landraces",subtitle:"Traditional Variety and Natural Breed",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0600836fb2c422f7b624363d1e854f68",slug:"landraces-traditional-variety-and-natural-breed",bookSignature:"Amr Elkelish",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10359.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231337",title:"Dr.",name:"Amr",surname:"Elkelish",slug:"amr-elkelish",fullName:"Amr Elkelish"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"117",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Methodological Advances and Biomedical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"artificial-neural-networks-methodological-advances-and-biomedical-applications",bookSignature:"Kenji Suzuki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/117.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"3095",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",surname:"Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3828",title:"Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"51a27e7adbfafcfedb6e9683f209cba4",slug:"application-of-nanotechnology-in-drug-delivery",bookSignature:"Ali Demir Sezer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3828.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"23289",title:"Industrial Production Technology for Nanofibers",doi:"10.5772/24703",slug:"industrial-production-technology-for-nanofibers",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/23289.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/23289",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/23289",totalDownloads:7185,totalViews:225,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:9,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,introChapter:null,impactScore:3,impactScorePercentile:86,impactScoreQuartile:4,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"December 10th 2010",dateReviewed:"June 1st 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"November 14th 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/23289",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/23289",book:{id:"397",slug:"nanofibers-production-properties-and-functional-applications"},signatures:"Stanislav Petrík",authors:[{id:"58992",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislav",middleName:null,surname:"Petrik",fullName:"Stanislav Petrik",slug:"stanislav-petrik",email:"stanislav.petrik@tul.cz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Technical University of Liberec",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"397",type:"book",title:"Nanofibers",subtitle:"Production, Properties and Functional Applications",fullTitle:"Nanofibers - Production, Properties and Functional Applications",slug:"nanofibers-production-properties-and-functional-applications",publishedDate:"November 14th 2011",bookSignature:"Tong Lin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/397.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-420-7",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4404-5",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:243,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"49937",title:"Dr.",name:"Tong",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",slug:"tong-lin",fullName:"Tong Lin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1169"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"23289",type:"chapter",title:"Industrial Production Technology for Nanofibers",slug:"industrial-production-technology-for-nanofibers",totalDownloads:7185,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Stanislav Petrík",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"58992",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislav",middleName:null,surname:"Petrik",fullName:"Stanislav Petrik",slug:"stanislav-petrik"}]},{id:"23290",type:"chapter",title:"Needleless Electrospinning: Developments and Performances",slug:"needleless-electrospinning-developments-and-performances",totalDownloads:5693,totalCrossrefCites:17,signatures:"Haitao Niu, Xungai Wang and Tong Lin",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"49937",title:"Dr.",name:"Tong",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",fullName:"Tong Lin",slug:"tong-lin"},{id:"61007",title:"Prof.",name:"Xungai",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Xungai Wang",slug:"xungai-wang"},{id:"61008",title:"Dr.",name:"Haitao",middleName:null,surname:"Niu",fullName:"Haitao Niu",slug:"haitao-niu"}]},{id:"23291",type:"chapter",title:"Electrospinning of Metal Doped Alumina Nanofibers for Catalyst Applications",slug:"electrospinning-of-metal-doped-alumina-nanofibers-for-catalyst-applications",totalDownloads:3279,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Sneha Swaminathan and George Chase",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"60647",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:"G.",surname:"Chase",fullName:"George Chase",slug:"george-chase"},{id:"60653",title:"Ms.",name:"Sneha",middleName:null,surname:"Swaminathan",fullName:"Sneha Swaminathan",slug:"sneha-swaminathan"}]},{id:"23292",type:"chapter",title:"Chitin Nanofibers with a Uniform Width of 10 to 20 nm and Their Transparent Nanocomposite Films",slug:"chitin-nanofibers-with-a-uniform-width-of-10-to-20-nm-and-their-transparent-nanocomposite-films",totalDownloads:3689,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Shinsuke Ifuku, Antonio Norio Nakagaito and Hiroyuki Saimoto",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"54478",title:"Dr.",name:"Shinsuke",middleName:null,surname:"Ifuku",fullName:"Shinsuke Ifuku",slug:"shinsuke-ifuku"},{id:"55398",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Nakagaito",fullName:"Antonio Nakagaito",slug:"antonio-nakagaito"},{id:"55399",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Saimoto",fullName:"Hiroyuki Saimoto",slug:"hiroyuki-saimoto"}]},{id:"23293",type:"chapter",title:"Advances in Electroactive Electrospun Nanofibers",slug:"advances-in-electroactive-electrospun-nanofibers",totalDownloads:6516,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Paulo H. S. Picciani, Eliton S. Medeiros, William J. Orts and Luiz H. C. Mattoso",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20240",title:"Dr.",name:"Luiz Henrique",middleName:null,surname:"Capparelli Mattoso",fullName:"Luiz Henrique Capparelli Mattoso",slug:"luiz-henrique-capparelli-mattoso"},{id:"51198",title:"Prof.",name:"Paulo",middleName:null,surname:"Picciani",fullName:"Paulo Picciani",slug:"paulo-picciani"},{id:"61518",title:"Prof.",name:"Eliton",middleName:null,surname:"Medeiros",fullName:"Eliton Medeiros",slug:"eliton-medeiros"},{id:"61519",title:"Dr.",name:"William",middleName:null,surname:"Orts",fullName:"William Orts",slug:"william-orts"}]},{id:"23294",type:"chapter",title:"Electrospun Metallic Nanofibers Fabricated by Electrospinning and Metallization",slug:"electrospun-metallic-nanofibers-fabricated-by-electrospinning-and-metallization",totalDownloads:5424,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Kai Wei, Hae-Rim Kim, Byoung-Suhk Kim and Ick-Soo Kim",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"58322",title:"Dr.",name:"Byoung-Suhk",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Byoung-Suhk Kim",slug:"byoung-suhk-kim"},{id:"62250",title:"Prof.",name:"Ick-Soo",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Ick-Soo Kim",slug:"ick-soo-kim"},{id:"102853",title:"Mr.",name:"Kai",middleName:null,surname:"Wei",fullName:"Kai Wei",slug:"kai-wei"},{id:"102855",title:"Ms.",name:"Hae-Rim",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Hae-Rim Kim",slug:"hae-rim-kim"}]},{id:"23295",type:"chapter",title:"Preparation and Characterization and Reducing Properties of MoO3 Nano-Fibers",slug:"preparation-and-characterization-and-reducing-properties-of-moo3-nano-fibers",totalDownloads:5537,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Zhao Peng",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"61120",title:"Prof.",name:"Zhao",middleName:null,surname:"Peng",fullName:"Zhao Peng",slug:"zhao-peng"}]},{id:"23296",type:"chapter",title:"Electrospinning of Continuous Nanofiber Bundles and Twisted Nanofiber Yarns",slug:"electrospinning-of-continuous-nanofiber-bundles-and-twisted-nanofiber-yarns",totalDownloads:7135,totalCrossrefCites:12,signatures:"Usman Ali, Yaqiong Zhou, Xungai Wang and Tong Lin",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"49937",title:"Dr.",name:"Tong",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",fullName:"Tong Lin",slug:"tong-lin"},{id:"61007",title:"Prof.",name:"Xungai",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Xungai Wang",slug:"xungai-wang"},{id:"61506",title:"Mr.",name:"Usman",middleName:null,surname:"Ali",fullName:"Usman Ali",slug:"usman-ali"},{id:"61507",title:"Ms.",name:"Yaqiong",middleName:null,surname:"Zhou",fullName:"Yaqiong Zhou",slug:"yaqiong-zhou"}]},{id:"23297",type:"chapter",title:"The Microstructure Characterization and the Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile-Based Nanofibers",slug:"the-microstructure-characterization-and-the-mechanical-properties-of-electrospun-polyacrylonitrile-b",totalDownloads:5027,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Chen Zhang, Xuejia Ding and Sizhu Wu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"54596",title:"Prof.",name:"Sizhu",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",fullName:"Sizhu Wu",slug:"sizhu-wu"},{id:"61132",title:"Mr",name:"Chen",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Chen Zhang",slug:"chen-zhang"},{id:"97321",title:"Dr.",name:"Xuejia",middleName:null,surname:"Ding",fullName:"Xuejia Ding",slug:"xuejia-ding"}]},{id:"23298",type:"chapter",title:"Photophysics and Photonics of Heteroepitaxial Organic Nanofibers",slug:"photophysics-and-photonics-of-heteroepitaxial-organic-nanofibers",totalDownloads:1927,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Francesco Quochi, Michele Saba, Andrea Mura and Giovanni Bongiovanni",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"54957",title:"Dr.",name:"Francesco",middleName:null,surname:"Quochi",fullName:"Francesco Quochi",slug:"francesco-quochi"},{id:"61327",title:"Dr.",name:"Michele",middleName:null,surname:"Saba",fullName:"Michele Saba",slug:"michele-saba"},{id:"61328",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Mura",fullName:"Andrea Mura",slug:"andrea-mura"},{id:"61329",title:"Prof.",name:"Giovanni",middleName:null,surname:"Bongiovanni",fullName:"Giovanni Bongiovanni",slug:"giovanni-bongiovanni"}]},{id:"23299",type:"chapter",title:"Nano-Scale Reinforcing and Toughening Thermoplastics: Processing, Structure and Mechanical Properties",slug:"nano-scale-reinforcing-and-toughening-thermoplastics-processing-structure-and-mechanical-properties",totalDownloads:3966,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Suchart Siengchin",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"56524",title:"Dr.",name:"Suchart",middleName:null,surname:"Siengchin",fullName:"Suchart Siengchin",slug:"suchart-siengchin"}]},{id:"23300",type:"chapter",title:"Carbon Nanofibers Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites",slug:"carbon-nanofibers-reinforced-ceramic-matrix-composites",totalDownloads:6147,totalCrossrefCites:8,signatures:"Pavol Hvizdoš, Viktor Puchý, Annamária Duszová and Ján Dusza",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"52064",title:"Dr.",name:"Pavol",middleName:null,surname:"Hvizdos",fullName:"Pavol Hvizdos",slug:"pavol-hvizdos"},{id:"59853",title:"BSc.",name:"Viktor",middleName:null,surname:"Puchý",fullName:"Viktor Puchý",slug:"viktor-puchy"},{id:"59854",title:"MSc",name:"Annamaria",middleName:null,surname:"Duszova",fullName:"Annamaria Duszova",slug:"annamaria-duszova"},{id:"99409",title:"Prof.",name:"Jan",middleName:null,surname:"Dusza",fullName:"Jan Dusza",slug:"jan-dusza"}]},{id:"23301",type:"chapter",title:"Carbon Nanofibers: Evaluation of Life Cycle Environmental Impacts",slug:"carbon-nanofibers-evaluation-of-life-cycle-environmental-impacts",totalDownloads:3687,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Vikas Khanna and Nikki Campion",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"54346",title:"Prof.",name:"Vikas",middleName:null,surname:"Khanna",fullName:"Vikas Khanna",slug:"vikas-khanna"},{id:"117420",title:"Ms.",name:"Nikki",middleName:null,surname:"Campion",fullName:"Nikki Campion",slug:"nikki-campion"}]},{id:"23302",type:"chapter",title:"Functional Applications of Electrospun Nanofibers",slug:"functional-applications-of-electrospun-nanofibers",totalDownloads:20147,totalCrossrefCites:20,signatures:"Jian Fang, Xungai Wang and Tong Lin",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"49937",title:"Dr.",name:"Tong",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",fullName:"Tong Lin",slug:"tong-lin"},{id:"61007",title:"Prof.",name:"Xungai",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Xungai Wang",slug:"xungai-wang"},{id:"61006",title:"Dr.",name:"Jian",middleName:null,surname:"Fang",fullName:"Jian Fang",slug:"jian-fang"}]},{id:"23303",type:"chapter",title:"The Potential of Biomimetic Electrospun-Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering",slug:"the-potential-of-biomimetic-electrospun-nanofibrous-scaffolds-for-bone-tissue-engineering",totalDownloads:4634,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ha Na Park, Jung Bok Lee, Ho-Jin Moon, Dae Hyeok Yang and Il Keun Kwon",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"54555",title:"Prof.",name:"Il Keun",middleName:null,surname:"Kwon",fullName:"Il Keun Kwon",slug:"il-keun-kwon"},{id:"61896",title:"MSc",name:"Jung Bok",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Jung Bok Lee",slug:"jung-bok-lee"},{id:"61897",title:"Ms",name:"Ha Na",middleName:null,surname:"Park",fullName:"Ha Na Park",slug:"ha-na-park"}]},{id:"23304",type:"chapter",title:"Electrospun Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering",slug:"electrospun-nanofibers-in-tissue-engineering",totalDownloads:5606,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Mitchell R. Ladd, Tanner K. Hill, James J. Yoo and Sang Jin Lee",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"55482",title:"Prof.",name:"Sang Jin",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Sang Jin Lee",slug:"sang-jin-lee"},{id:"55484",title:"Mr",name:"Mitchell",middleName:"Ryan",surname:"Ladd",fullName:"Mitchell Ladd",slug:"mitchell-ladd"},{id:"55485",title:"BSc",name:"Tanner",middleName:null,surname:"Hill",fullName:"Tanner Hill",slug:"tanner-hill"},{id:"55486",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Yoo",fullName:"James Yoo",slug:"james-yoo"}]},{id:"23305",type:"chapter",title:"Three-Dimensional Nanofiber Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine",slug:"three-dimensional-nanofiber-scaffolds-for-regenerative-medicine",totalDownloads:3645,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Bit Na Lee, Jae Ho Kim, Heung Jae Chun and Moon Suk Kim",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"50865",title:"Prof.",name:"Moon Suk",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Moon Suk Kim",slug:"moon-suk-kim"},{id:"109205",title:"Dr.",name:"Bitna",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Bitna Lee",slug:"bitna-lee"},{id:"109241",title:"Prof.",name:"Heung Jae",middleName:null,surname:"Chun",fullName:"Heung Jae Chun",slug:"heung-jae-chun"},{id:"109242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jae Ho",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Jae Ho Kim",slug:"jae-ho-kim"}]},{id:"23306",type:"chapter",title:"Incorporation of DNA into Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds: Fundamental Characterization Studies and Gene Delivery",slug:"incorporation-of-dna-into-electrospun-nanofibrous-scaffolds-fundamental-characterization-studies-and",totalDownloads:3419,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Michael Hadjiargyrou",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"52258",title:"Prof.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Hadjiargyrou",fullName:"Michael Hadjiargyrou",slug:"michael-hadjiargyrou"}]},{id:"23307",type:"chapter",title:"Nanocomposites for Vehicle Structural Applications",slug:"nanocomposites-for-vehicle-structural-applications",totalDownloads:4950,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"James Njuguna, Francesco Silva and Sophia Sachse",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"51317",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Njuguna",fullName:"James Njuguna",slug:"james-njuguna"},{id:"130472",title:"Mr.",name:"Francesco",middleName:null,surname:"Silva",fullName:"Francesco Silva",slug:"francesco-silva"},{id:"130473",title:"Ms.",name:"Sophia",middleName:null,surname:"Sachse",fullName:"Sophia Sachse",slug:"sophia-sachse"}]},{id:"23308",type:"chapter",title:"Filtration and Catalytic Behaviors of Titanium Silicate-1 Supported on Carbon Nanofibers for Cyclohexanone Ammoximation",slug:"filtration-and-catalytic-behaviors-of-titanium-silicate-1-supported-on-carbon-nanofibers-for-cyclohe",totalDownloads:3098,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Qian Zhao, Shiyuan Zhang, Ping Li, Weikang Yuan, Alex Chikin Yip and Xijun Hu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"60492",title:"Dr.",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Li",slug:"li"}]},{id:"23309",type:"chapter",title:"Au/TiO2 Hierarchical Nanofibers Heterostructure: Controllable Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances",slug:"au-tio2-hierarchical-nanofibers-heterostructure-controllable-synthesis-and-enhanced-photocatalytic-p",totalDownloads:2709,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Chao Pan and Li Dong",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"50511",title:"Dr.",name:"Chao",middleName:null,surname:"Pan",fullName:"Chao Pan",slug:"chao-pan"},{id:"61050",title:"Dr.",name:"Li",middleName:null,surname:"Dong",fullName:"Li Dong",slug:"li-dong"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6326",title:"Novel Aspects of Nanofibers",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6585d128fb06c600192cc380a8eec4cb",slug:"novel-aspects-of-nanofibers",bookSignature:"Tong Lin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6326.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"49937",title:"Dr.",name:"Tong",surname:"Lin",slug:"tong-lin",fullName:"Tong Lin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"59124",title:"Mechanical Force for Fabricating Nanofiber",slug:"mechanical-force-for-fabricating-nanofiber",signatures:"Hoik Lee, Davood Kharaghani and Ick Soo Kim",authors:[{id:"214444",title:"Prof.",name:"Ick Soo",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Ick Soo Kim",slug:"ick-soo-kim"},{id:"216083",title:"Dr.",name:"Hoik",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Hoik Lee",slug:"hoik-lee"},{id:"216084",title:"MSc.",name:"Davood",middleName:null,surname:"Kharaghani",fullName:"Davood Kharaghani",slug:"davood-kharaghani"}]},{id:"59974",title:"Nanofiber Filaments Fabricated by a Liquid-Bath Electrospinning Method",slug:"nanofiber-filaments-fabricated-by-a-liquid-bath-electrospinning-method",signatures:"Long Tian, Tao Yan, Jie Li and Zhijuan Pan",authors:[{id:"217399",title:"Prof.",name:"Zhijuan",middleName:null,surname:"Pan",fullName:"Zhijuan Pan",slug:"zhijuan-pan"},{id:"219516",title:"Dr.",name:"Long",middleName:null,surname:"Tian",fullName:"Long Tian",slug:"long-tian"},{id:"219517",title:"BSc.",name:"Tao",middleName:null,surname:"Yan",fullName:"Tao Yan",slug:"tao-yan"},{id:"219519",title:"Dr.",name:"Jie",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Jie Li",slug:"jie-li"}]},{id:"59128",title:"Electrospinning of Collagen and Its Derivatives for Biomedical Applications",slug:"electrospinning-of-collagen-and-its-derivatives-for-biomedical-applications",signatures:"Wei Peng Lu and Yanchuan Guo",authors:[{id:"216875",title:"Prof.",name:"Yanchuan",middleName:null,surname:"Guo",fullName:"Yanchuan Guo",slug:"yanchuan-guo"},{id:"222094",title:"Dr.",name:"Weipeng",middleName:null,surname:"Lu",fullName:"Weipeng Lu",slug:"weipeng-lu"}]},{id:"59674",title:"Photochromic Nanofibers",slug:"photochromic-nanofibers",signatures:"Emriye Perrin Akçakoca Kumbasar, Seniha Morsunbul and Simge\nAlır",authors:[{id:"10485",title:"Dr.",name:"Emriye",middleName:"Perrin",surname:"Akcakoca Kumbasar",fullName:"Emriye Akcakoca Kumbasar",slug:"emriye-akcakoca-kumbasar"},{id:"217290",title:"MSc.",name:"Seniha",middleName:null,surname:"Morsunbul",fullName:"Seniha Morsunbul",slug:"seniha-morsunbul"},{id:"217291",title:"BSc.",name:"Simge",middleName:null,surname:"Alır",fullName:"Simge Alır",slug:"simge-alir"}]},{id:"59669",title:"Electrospun Bead-on-String Fibers: Useless or Something of Value?",slug:"electrospun-bead-on-string-fibers-useless-or-something-of-value-",signatures:"Huijing Zhao and Huanjie Chi",authors:[{id:"216913",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Huijing",middleName:null,surname:"Zhao",fullName:"Huijing Zhao",slug:"huijing-zhao"},{id:"216940",title:"MSc.",name:"Huanjie",middleName:null,surname:"Chi",fullName:"Huanjie Chi",slug:"huanjie-chi"}]},{id:"59853",title:"Electrospinning of Functional Nanofibers for Regenerative Medicine: From Bench to Commercial Scale",slug:"electrospinning-of-functional-nanofibers-for-regenerative-medicine-from-bench-to-commercial-scale",signatures:"Chris J. Mortimer, Jonathan P. Widdowson and Chris J. Wright",authors:[{id:"180027",title:"Dr.",name:"Chris",middleName:null,surname:"Wright",fullName:"Chris Wright",slug:"chris-wright"},{id:"225425",title:"Mr.",name:"Chris",middleName:null,surname:"Mortimer",fullName:"Chris Mortimer",slug:"chris-mortimer"},{id:"225426",title:"Mr.",name:"Jonathan",middleName:null,surname:"Widdowson",fullName:"Jonathan Widdowson",slug:"jonathan-widdowson"}]},{id:"59584",title:"Effect of Barium Titanate Reinforcement on Tensile Strength and Dielectric Response of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride Fibers",slug:"effect-of-barium-titanate-reinforcement-on-tensile-strength-and-dielectric-response-of-electrospun-p",signatures:"Avinash Baji and Yiu-Wing Mai",authors:[{id:"219294",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Avinash",middleName:null,surname:"Baji",fullName:"Avinash Baji",slug:"avinash-baji"},{id:"230729",title:"Prof.",name:"Yiu-Wing",middleName:null,surname:"Mai",fullName:"Yiu-Wing Mai",slug:"yiu-wing-mai"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8773",title:"Magnetic Materials and Magnetic Levitation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2342b6038c029039a1a852caa1fecb9f",slug:"magnetic-materials-and-magnetic-levitation",bookSignature:"Dipti Ranjan Sahu and Vasilios N. Stavrou",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8773.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"251855",title:"Prof.",name:"Dipti Ranjan",surname:"Sahu",slug:"dipti-ranjan-sahu",fullName:"Dipti Ranjan Sahu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"397",title:"Nanofibers",subtitle:"Production, Properties and Functional Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"934fe33b73b2ecba961c67d5a90021ec",slug:"nanofibers-production-properties-and-functional-applications",bookSignature:"Tong Lin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/397.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"49937",title:"Dr.",name:"Tong",surname:"Lin",slug:"tong-lin",fullName:"Tong Lin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3200",title:"Nanofibers",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"97487143b896780afaf08cfd67cd1eec",slug:"nanofibers",bookSignature:"Ashok Kumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3200.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"7718",title:"Professor",name:"Ashok",surname:"Kumar",slug:"ashok-kumar",fullName:"Ashok Kumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5790",title:"Nanomechanics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fda18f64ef5be44a932d2ec0ba0d6584",slug:"nanomechanics",bookSignature:"Alexander Vakhrushev",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5790.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"140718",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander V.",surname:"Vakhrushev",slug:"alexander-v.-vakhrushev",fullName:"Alexander V. Vakhrushev"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8823",title:"On the Properties of Novel Superconductors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ac9708760da3a91f84d9183feb90be2",slug:"on-the-properties-of-novel-superconductors",bookSignature:"Heshmatollah Yavari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8823.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"24773",title:"Dr.",name:"Heshmatollah",surname:"Yavari",slug:"heshmatollah-yavari",fullName:"Heshmatollah Yavari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"397",title:"Nanofibers",subtitle:"Production, Properties and Functional Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"934fe33b73b2ecba961c67d5a90021ec",slug:"nanofibers-production-properties-and-functional-applications",bookSignature:"Tong Lin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/397.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"49937",title:"Dr.",name:"Tong",surname:"Lin",slug:"tong-lin",fullName:"Tong Lin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"82664",title:"The Combined Method to Improve Heat Transfer Coefficient on Heat Exchanger",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105880",slug:"the-combined-method-to-improve-heat-transfer-coefficient-on-heat-exchanger",body:'
1. Introduction
Energy is an important element in all levels of people’s lives. We live in an interdependent world, and access to easy and reliable energy resources is critical for economic growth to maintain our quality of life. World energy consumption continues to increase, especially in developing countries. Global energy demand has tripled in the last 50 years and may even triple in the next 30 years, while current energy consumption and production levels are unsustainable. The energy sources we used to support the entire range of human activities today come from fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), supplying about 81%. Fossil-fueled power plants convert heat into mechanical energy, which then operates an electric generator. Changing heat energy, of course, involves heat transfer from one point to another.
The heat transfer process certainly involves an essential tool, including a heat exchanger, which is expected to have high performance with smaller dimensions. For large power, the increase in the performance of the heat exchanger will impact financial reductions in a company. Of course, efforts are needed to increase the heat transfer coefficient of a heat exchanger with various methods.
There are several methods to increase the heat transfer of a heat exchanger, namely, the active method and the passive method or a combination of its (compound). Passive methods increase heat transfer in heat exchangers that do not require an external energy supply. For example, one of the passive method is to change the thermal properties of the cooling fluid by adding solid particles with a much higher thermal conductivity than the thermal conductivity of the liquid. While active methods are ways to increase heat transfer in heat exchangers whose systems require external energy, for example, by vibrating the fluid with ultrasonic frequency in the heat exchanger.
The purpose of writing this article is to combine the two methods mentioned above, namely, the use of nanofluid fluid, at the same time vibrated with ultrasonic frequency to get the maximum increase in heat transfer.
2. Nanofluid
The improvement of the heat transfer coefficient can be achieved by modifying the cooling fluid by adding nanometer-sized particles. Hopefully, the application of nanofluid will save energy and reduce the emissions, global warming potential, and greenhouse-gas effect. It enhances the heat transfer for energy-saving purposes that could contribute to a better quality of human life and fulfill sustainable development. Currently, the production of nano-sized particles is made easy because of the nanotechnology that was predicted 15 years ago. He predicts that energy is one of the “top 10” problems for humankind worldwide in the next 50 years and can only be solved by nanotechnology [1] and it plays a vital role in heat transfer enhancement [2]. Materials commonly used for the manufacture of nanometer-sized solid particles (nanoparticles) from metal materials (Al, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Au), metal oxides, such as SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, CuO, and organic particles/organic particles, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and diamond [3, 4]. Nanoparticles allow the development of cooling fluids called nanofluids. The fluid is a liquid suspension containing nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm and has better thermal conductivity than the base fluid [5]. Adding nanoparticles into the fluid will change the properties of the fluid as a heat transfer fluid (thermophysical properties).
2.1 Thermophysical nanofluid
The properties of nanofluid for density of nanofluid calculated widely used in research of nanofluid for a wide range of volume concentration can be estimated by using the following equations as [6]:
ρnf=ρb1−∅+ρnp∅E1
where, ρnf, ρb, and ρnp are the nanofluids, base fluid, and particle density, respectively.
The nanofluid volume fraction, ∅,can be calculated as follows:
∅=mnpρnpmbρb+mnpρnp×100%E2
where mnp and mb are the mass of nanoparticle and base fluid, respectively.
For hybrid nanofluid, the nanofluid volume fraction, calculated by Eq. (3)
∅=mnp.1ρnp.1+mnp.2ρnp.2mnp.1ρnp.1+mnp.2ρnp.2+VbE3
where Vb is the volume concentrations of base fluid subscript 1 and 2 indicating the first and the second nanoparticles.
The capacity heat of nanofluid is calculated by Xuan and Roetzel [7] as the following equation is widely used.
Cnf=∅ρnfCnp+1−∅ρbCbρnfE4
where Cnp and Cb are specific heat of the nanofluid and base fluid, respectively. Nanofluid viscosity was calculated from Brinkman correlations [8], as a shown in Eq. (5)
μnf=μb1−∅2,5E5
where μnf and μb are the viscosity of the nanofluid and base fluid, respectively.
Various models of the thermal conductivity of nanofluid have been published, the earliest of models developed by Maxwell [9] as shown in Eq. (6)
knf=kbknf+2kb+2knf−kb∅knf+2kb−2knf−kb∅E6
where knf and kb are thermal conductivity of the nanofluid and base fluid, respectively.
2.2 Preparation of nanofluid
Nanofluid is made by dispersing nanoparticles into a base fluid. Good dispersion is a prerequisite for the use of nanofluids in various fields. Therefore, surfactants are sometimes used to increase the nanofluid’s stability to prevent clogging. In addition, the surface modification of the dispersed particles and the application of strong forces to the clusters of dispersed nanoparticles can improve the stability of nanofluids.
There are two ways to prepare nanofluid: one-step method and two-step method. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of the one-step method is that it produces good dispersion, but it is very expensive to manufacture and cannot produce large amounts of nanofluids. While the two-step method produces poor dispersion, the cost of making nanofluids is relatively low and can produce large amounts of nanofluid. Most researchers use this type of method to make nanofluids. Zhu et al. [10] made nanofluids using Al2O3 particles with a pure water base fluid using a two-step method. The manufacture of nanofluids using a two-step method is shown in Figure 1. The first step is to prepare the base fluid and nanoparticles by weighing them according to the specified concentration. The next step is to mix the nanoparticles into the base fluid by adding a little surfactant and stirring using magnetic steering. After the nanoparticles and base fluid are well mixed, sonification is carried out, namely, vibrating the mixture with ultrasonic frequency to homogeneous for 1 h.
Figure 1.
Preparation of nanofluids using a two-step method [10].
2.3 Heat transfer characteristics
The heat transfer characteristics of nanofluid depend on various factors, including thermophysical properties of base fluid and nanoparticles, nanoparticle concentration, nanoparticle size, presence of surfactants, temperature, etc. Hence, the functional form of the Nusselt number of nanofluid can be expressed by Xuan and Roetzel [7] in Eq. (7)
Nnf=fRePrknfρCnf,∅E7
The Nusselt number of Al2O3/water and TiO3/water nanofluids in turbulent flows proposed by Pak and Cho [6] in Eq. (8)
Xuan and Li [11] studied CuO/water nanofluid in turbulent flow and correlated Eq. (9).
Nnf=0.00591+7.628∅p0.6886Pep0.001Re0.9231Pr0,4E9
Several experimental studies have been reported using nanofluid in the heat exchanger. Raei et al. [12] investigated a double-tube heat exchanger with a low volume concentration of particles (0.15%) of Al2O3-DI water nanofluids. The nanofluid results in increasing the heat transfer coefficient by 23% without much penalty in pressure drop. Shahrul et al. [13, 14] analyzed nanofluid flow through a shell-and-tube exchanger considering various oxide-based nanofluid at different small volume concentrations (0.01–0.04%) of ZnO, CuO, Fe3O4, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanoparticles into the water. Heat transfer enhancement was found at about 23–52% compared to the base fluid. In their study, the highest improvement was obtained for ZnO-water nanofluid. Researchers have studied the behavior of nanofluids in automobile radiators due to good heat transfer characteristics. Different nanofluids have been tested to observe their thermal performance and pressure drop to validate their practicality in this application. Heris et al. [15] used base fluid water EG (40/60) to suspend CuO nanoparticles to study the radiator’s performance and the maximum enhancement of heat transfer apprehended about 55% compared to the base fluid. Alosious et al. [16] performed an experimental and numerical analysis of Al2O3/Water and CuO/water nanofluid, and they found that the Nusselt number, the total heat transfer coefficient, and convective heat transfer coefficient increased by increasing of Reynolds number. They also demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of alumina oxide is more than copper oxide. However, an increase in pressure drop was not significant.
Subhedar et al. [17] recently researched Al2O3/Water-EG in the laminar flow regime and found that for just 0.2% concentration volume of nanoparticles, the Nusselt number increased by 30%. Their research, flow rate, and concentration of volume particles were reported as the key factors influencing heat transfer enhancement. Inlet temperature had a lower effect; an increase of about 26% from 70°C to 85°C was recorded. Heat transfer coefficient enhancement is the process of increasing the effectiveness of the heat exchanger. Adding a small amount of nanoparticles to the base fluid increases the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid with ultrasonic vibrations to increase the performance of a heating system, but the viscosity of the nanofluid is also increased slightly. Working conditions at high temperatures in a heat exchanger is an advantage in itself, which causes the viscosity of the fluid to decrease. The addition of small nanoparticles and high working temperature is an ideal combination for improving efficiency of systems..
The main drawback of nanofluids is their poor stability. Long-term stability of nanofluids is a major concern for engineering applications. Nanoparticles tend naturally to aggregate and sediment in the base fluid, due to the interaction between the particles themselves and between the particles and the surrounding liquid [18]. The main cause is the attraction between the particles called the Van der Waals attraction, which causes the particles to form clusters or agglomerate, then settle to the bottom due to gravity. To obtain stable nanofluids, the repulsion of electrical double layers forces must exceed the Van der Waals attraction.
Overcoming this problem by adding surfactants as a dispersant, is an effective stability enhancement method that prevents the agglomeration of nanoparticles within the nanofluids [19]. It is a simple and economical chemical method, which reduces the surface tension of the base fluid and improves the immersion of nanoparticles. Because surfactants consist of the hydrophobic tail portion (e.g., long-chain hydrocarbons) and the hydrophilic polar head group that tends to increase the hydrophilic behavior between the base fluid and the nanoparticles. The disadvantage of using dispersant as a nanofluid stabilizer is its sensitivity to hot temperature because the rise in temperature causes the bonds between the nanoparticles and the surfactant to be damaged. Some common dispersants are sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), gum arabic, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), oleic acid (OA), etc.
The other method to achieve the long-term stability of nanofluids, without the need for surfactants, is surface modification techniques by modifying the nanoparticles’ surface via functionalization. Functionalization is the process of adding new functions, features, capabilities, or properties to the material by changing the surface chemistry of the material. This is done by introducing functionalized nanoparticles into the base fluid to obtain a self-stabilized nanofluid. Usually, suitable functional organic groups are selected as they tend to attach to the surface of the atom, enabling the nanoparticles to self-organize and avoid agglomeration [20].
3. Ultrasonic vibration
Ultrasonic waves are sound waves whose frequency is above human hearing (>20 kHz), distinguished according to the power and frequency emitted. When viewed from the magnitude of the frequency, it is divided into three categories, namely, low-frequency ultrasonic waves (20–100 kHz) or ultrasonic waves with high power, high-frequency ultrasonic waves (100 kHz–1 MHz), and very high-frequency ultrasonic waves, namely, above 1 MHz. Ultrasonic with a low frequency of 20 kHz–100 kHz can change the medium in which it passes and is widely used in the chemical industry, which aims to change the chemical properties to generate cavitation bubbles and the effect of surface instability.
When sound waves propagate through a liquid, they produce a series of cycles of pressure compression and tensile (rarefaction). In the compression cycle, at the top of the wave position (max), the liquid gets a compressive force, and in the tensile cycle, where the wave position is at the bottom of the valley (min), the liquid experiences a tensile force and so on. Two important phenomena of ultrasonic waves propagating through liquids are acoustic cavitation and acoustic streaming.
3.1 Acoustic cavitation
When a sound wave consists of a maximum cycle (peak) and a minimum cycle (valley), and propagates in a liquid fluid, compression and expansion cycles occur. The compression cycle produces a positive pressure, while the expansion cycle produces a negative pressure causing the liquid molecules to move away [21]. When the magnitude of the tension exceeds the tensile strength between the liquid molecules in the expansion cycle, the liquid will break down, and a cavity will be created to appear as small vapor-filled voids called cavitation bubbles [22], in other words, the phenomenon. The formation, growth, and contraction of bubbles are known as acoustic cavitation.
Acoustic cavitation is divided into stable cavitation and transient cavitation or unstable cavitation/inertia cavitation. Acoustic cavitation consists of three distinct stages: nucleation, rapid bubble growth (expansion) until it reaches a critical size, and bubble collapse (shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The formation, growth, and collapse of bubbles due to ultrasonic vibrations in liquid fluids produce stable and unstable cavitation.
Stable cavitation due to micro-bubbles in a liquid, resulting from changes in liquid pressure (compression and refraction) ultrasonic waves, changing/oscillating in size and shape that causes the surrounding liquid to move is known as non-inertial cavitation. It produces a strong shearing force around the solid surface, and removes particles. But in unstable cavitation, the micro-bubbles oscillate and in the end, the bubbles burst/collapse due to the acoustic wave strength exceeding the cavitation threshold, producing a shock wave.
When the bubble collapses surrounded by liquid, several physical effects will appear, including shock waves, micro-jets, turbulence, and shear forces. This physical effect has been widely applied in emulsification, extraction, and cleaning [23]. In this process, bubble size changes drastically by several hundred times to reach the equilibrium size of the bubble radius before an explosion occurs in just a few microseconds. Figure 3 shows the process of bubble collapse, cavitation releases a large amount of energy and produces local “hotspots” experiencing extreme temperatures and pressures that have a chemical impact because the temperatures and pressures that occur are very high at around 5000°C and 200 atm [24].
Figure 3.
Bubbles size growth due to ultrasonic waves occurs in just microseconds.
3.2 Acoustic streaming
Besides having a chemical impact (sonochemical), ultrasonic waves also impact physical changes (sonophysical). The liquid medium will absorb sound wave energy in the direction of the wave. Physical effects include streaming, micro-jets, and shock waves. Streaming is a term that describes the average mass density at steady conditions or velocity caused by acoustic wave oscillations in a liquid fluid due to a momentum gradient resulting in fluid flow. The sound propagation with large amplitude in the liquid will produce fluid motion. This nonlinear phenomenon is called acoustic streaming. Acoustic streaming caused by ultrasonic vibrations effectively enhances heat transfer and cleans contaminated surfaces.
Unlike bubbles in a liquid, the bursting of bubbles near the solid-liquid interface makes the bubble surface unsymmetrical because the solid surface acts as a flow barrier. The result is a powerful jet coming from the side of the bubble that produces a strong beam toward the surface called micro-jetting, which functions as ultrasonic cleaning or antifouling. This phenomenon is used to clean with the ultrasonic method, while in heat transfer applications, it will interfere with the boundary layer of convection heat transfer, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Bubble collapse near the solid surface.
Unlike cavitation bubble collapse in a liquid, cavitation bubble collapse near a solid surface is not symmetrical due to surface barriers impeding fluid flow. The result is a rush of liquid coming from the side of the bubble away from the surface, creating a strong liquid jet directed toward the surface. The collapsing bubble near the solid-liquid interface disrupts the thermal boundary and velocity boundary layers, reducing thermal resistance and creating micro-turbulence due to shock waves. For this reason, ultrasonic vibrations in the liquid enhance convective heat transfer because of the growth and collapse of bubbles near the surface, which disturbs/compresses the thermal boundary layer. The amount of convection heat transfer is inversely proportional to the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. The thinner the thermal boundary layer, the greater the heat transfer rate, as shown in formula (10).
qCONV≈1δTBLE10
Another phenomenon due to the bursting of cavitation bubbles near the solid surface is widely applied as a cleaning process due to the presence of liquid jets toward the surface. The study of bubble collapses near the solid wall surface was carried out by Li et al. [25] with numerical and experimental methods on the shape and behavior of dynamic bubbles, which state that there are similarities between experimental results and numerical simulation results. The results show that the velocity of the liquid jet is stronger toward the walls of the spherical bubble compared to the non-spherical shape. Other studies by vibrating the working fluid with ultrasonic frequencies have been carried out by several researchers, including Tajik et al. [26], who showed that the increase in heat transfer is proportional to the ultrasonic power and inversely proportional to the distance between the vibration center and the heat source. The highest increase is due to ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 18 kHz by 390% with power between 56 and 158 W. Legay et al. [27] investigated convection heat transfer using a double pipe heat exchanger using pure water, and an ultrasonic vibrator was installed in the middle of the heat exchanger with a frequency of 35 kHz, the highest increase in heat transfer was in laminar flow of 150%, whereas in turbulent flow it had no effect. Ultrasonic vibrations also decrease the thermal convection heat transfer resistance. A comparison of the performance of shell-and-tube and double-pipe heat exchangers has also been carried out by Legay et al. [28]. In Gondrexon et al. investigated a shell and tube heat exchanger, the increase in the total heat transfer coefficient with ultrasonic vibrations ranged from 123% to 257% depending on the fluid flow rate [29]. The experiment was carried out by Zhou [30] to test convective heat transfer in a horizontal copper pipe under the influence of an acoustic cavitation field. The fluids used are acetone, ethanol, and pure water at constant heat flux. The results show that the highest heat transfer increase of 395% occurs in acetone fluid. The disturbance of the cavitation bubbles and the collision of the cavitation bubble clusters cause thinning of the thermal boundary layer on the pipe surface, leading to increased convection heat transfer.
These properties in terms of heat exchanger performance are very attractive because two advantages, namely, increasing heat transfer and reducing fouling (dirt on the heat exchanger surface) can be achieved by high-power ultrasonic wave propagation.
4. The combined methods are nanofluid and ultrasonic vibration
As discussed earlier, many studies on the technique of increasing heat transfer by adding nanoparticles to pure water (nanofluid) have been carried out by researchers. There are two main problems in using nanofluid as a cooling fluid: high particle deposition and agglomeration rate of nanoparticles. Practically, this deposition can be avoided by vibrating the fluid with ultrasonic frequency. In addition to antifouling and anti-agglomeration effects, ultrasonic waves can also improve heat transfer. The heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids with vibrations imposed on heat transfer surfaces have not been widely studied until now, which provides an important purpose for writing this book.
Delouei et al. [31] studied nanofluids vibrated by ultrasonic waves to determine the effect of increasing heat transfer and pressure drop on forced convection. It uses nanofluid Al2O3 particles passed through a fine pipe with an inner diameter of 17 mm, a pipe thickness of 1 mm, and a length of 1 m, which is vibrated using 28 kHz ultrasonic waves with ultrasonic power variations of 75 W and 100 W. The results show that ultrasonic waves can increase heat transfer by 11.37% and reduce the pressure drop by 15.27%. Furthermore, it shows that ultrasonic vibration can increase heat transfer and reduce pressure drop, and the ultrasonic effect is sensitive at a high percentage of particle volume and a low flow rate. Therefore, ultrasonic waves in a heat exchanger that uses nanofluid fluid are very beneficial, besides being antifouling and anti-agglomeration, the third is increasing heat transfer and reducing pressure drop. The use of ultrasonic waves in nanofluids is the answer to the weakness of nanofluids in practical applications, namely, an increase in pressure drop due to nanoparticles, which cause greater energy consumption. Shen et al. [32] tested the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on natural convection heat transfer by using a platinum rod with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 8 cm immersed in nanofluid Al2O3-water with a volume concentration of 0.01% with variations in the temperature of the fluid (nanofluid) 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C. The results show that ultrasonic vibration can increase the convection heat transfer coefficient by 128% at a temperature of 30°C; at a fluid temperature of 50°C, it increases the convection heat transfer coefficient by 87%, and at a temperature of 50°C, it increases the convection heat transfer coefficient by 25%. In addition, it was found that high heat flux will reduce the heat transfer coefficient and the temperature of the test rod.
Research has been carried out by Sudarmadji et al. [33] using Al2O3 particles in radiator coolant (40:60 EG/water) on radiators accompanied by ultrasonic vibrations to increase the rate of heat transfer. The effect of adding nanoparticles to the radiator coolant increased heat transfer by 39.6%, while the ultrasonic effect was only 15.7%. The increase in heat transfer due to both methods is 62.7% when compared to pure radiator coolant without vibration. The drawback of this research is the limitation of ultrasonic power, which is relatively small so that the ultrasonic wave energy absorbed by the cooling fluid is relatively low.
5. Conclusions
One of the important parameters in ultrasonic reactions is the size change of bubbles. Generation, growth, and transient collapse of microbubbles could create intense local energy because these changes produce extremely high temperatures and pressure. The bubble implosion near a solid-liquid interface disrupts thermal and velocity boundary layers, reducing thermal resistance and creating microturbulence. This is one of the reasons why acoustic cavitation is often considered the main reason for heat transfer enhancement by ultrasound. It can also be used as a way to promote or control turbulence, which already suggests some possible use in heat exchange devices. The presence of nanoparticles will strengthen the heat transfer coefficient in the heat transfer systems. The advantage of using this combined method, in addition to increasing heat transfer and reducing pressure drop on the heat transfer system, can also function as a descaling agent on the surface of a heat exchanger (cleaning), which is often called antifouling, and also anti-clogging on nanofluids.
Nomenclature
∅
the volume fraction of nanofluid
Cnp
the specific heat of nanofluid
Cb
the specific heat of the base fluid
ρb
density of the base fluid
ρnf
density of nanofluids
ρnp
density of nanoparticles
mb
mass of base fluid
mnp
mass of nanoparticles
μb
viscosity of base fluid
μnf
viscosity of the nanofluid
kb
thermal conductivity of the base fluid
knf
thermal conductivity of nanofluid
Nnf
Nusselt number of nanofluid
Re
Reynold number
Pr
Prandtl number
\n',keywords:"nanofluid, heat exchanger, nanoparticles, heat transfer, overall heat transfer coefficient, ultrasonic vibration",chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/82664.pdf",chapterXML:"https://mts.intechopen.com/source/xml/82664.xml",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/82664",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/82664",totalDownloads:4,totalViews:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,dateSubmitted:"February 1st 2022",dateReviewed:"June 14th 2022",datePrePublished:"August 3rd 2022",datePublished:null,dateFinished:"July 13th 2022",readingETA:"0",abstract:"The heat transfer process occurs all the time around us, from simple household appliances to equipment used in large industries. Energy efficiency in large-scale use in industry is necessary because it is related to company profits. One way to save energy use in heat exchangers is to change the thermal properties of the cooling fluid. The addition of particles of the nanometer size (nanofluids) in the working fluid will improve the performance of the heat exchanger, and the main goal is the highest efficiency. In addition, there is another method to increase the heat transfer rate, namely, by vibrating the cooling fluid. This chapter will discuss combining nanofluids and ultrasonic vibrations in heat transfer processes in heat exchangers. The application of these two methods simultaneously gives rise to several advantages to the heat transfer system, will promote higher heat transfer, and at the same time function as cleaning of scale/deposits that often appear on the surface of the heat exchanger.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/82664",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/82664",signatures:"Sudarmadji Sudarmadji, Sugeng Hadi Susilo and Asrori Asrori",book:{id:"11161",type:"book",title:"Heat Transfer",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Heat Transfer",slug:null,publishedDate:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Md Salim Newaz Kazi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11161.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:null,isbn:"978-1-80355-940-7",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-939-1",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-941-4",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"93483",title:"Prof.",name:"Md Salim Newaz",middleName:null,surname:"Kazi",slug:"md-salim-newaz-kazi",fullName:"Md Salim Newaz Kazi"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null,sections:[{id:"sec_1",title:"1. Introduction",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2",title:"2. Nanofluid",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2_2",title:"2.1 Thermophysical nanofluid",level:"2"},{id:"sec_3_2",title:"2.2 Preparation of nanofluid",level:"2"},{id:"sec_4_2",title:"2.3 Heat transfer characteristics",level:"2"},{id:"sec_6",title:"3. Ultrasonic vibration",level:"1"},{id:"sec_6_2",title:"3.1 Acoustic cavitation",level:"2"},{id:"sec_7_2",title:"3.2 Acoustic streaming",level:"2"},{id:"sec_9",title:"4. The combined methods are nanofluid and ultrasonic vibration",level:"1"},{id:"sec_10",title:"5. Conclusions",level:"1"},{id:"sec_13",title:"Nomenclature",level:"1"}],chapterReferences:[{id:"B1",body:'Smalley RE. Future global energy prosperity. The terawatt challenge. MRS Bulletin. 2005;30:412-417'},{id:"B2",body:'Mahbubul IM, Chong TH, Khaleduzzaman SS, Shahrul IM, Saidur R, Long BD, et al. Effect of ultrasonication duration on colloidal structure and viscosity of alumina-water nanofluid. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 2014;2014(53):6677-6684'},{id:"B3",body:'Amrollahi A, Rashidi AM, Emami Meibodi M, Kashefi K. Conduction heat transfer characteristics and dispersion behaviour of carbon nanofluids as a function of different parameters. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience. 2009;4:347-363. DOI: 10.1080/17458080902929929'},{id:"B4",body:'Murshed SMS, Leong KC, Yang C. Enhanced thermal conductivity of TiO2—water-based nanofluids. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2005;44:367-373. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci. 2004.12.005'},{id:"B5",body:'Wen D, Ding Y. Experimental investigation into convective heat transfer of nanofluids at the entrance region under laminar flow conditions. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2004;47:5181-5188'},{id:"B6",body:'Pak BC, Cho YI. Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles. International Journal of Experimental Heat Transfer. 1998;11:151-170'},{id:"B7",body:'Xuan Y, Roetzel W. Conceptions for heat transfer correlation of nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2000;43:3701-3708'},{id:"B8",body:'Brinkman HC. The viscosity of concentrated suspensions and solution. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1952;20:571-581'},{id:"B9",body:'Maxwell JC. A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. UK Clarendon: Clarendon Press; 1973'},{id:"B10",body:'Zhu D, Li X, Wang N, et al. Dispersion behavior and thermal conductivity characteristics of Al2O3 –H2O nanofuids. Current Applied Physics. 2009;9:131-139'},{id:"B11",body:'Xuan Y, Li Q. Investigation on convective heat transfer and flow features of nanofluids. Journal of Heat Transfer. 2003;125:151-155'},{id:"B12",body:'Raei B, Sharaki F, Jamialahmadi M, Peyghambarzadeh S. Eperimental study on the heat transfer. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2017;127:2561-2575'},{id:"B13",body:'Shahrul IM, Mahbubul IM, Saidur R, Sabri MFM, Khaleduzzaman SS. Energy and environmental effects of shell and tube heat exchanger by using nanofluid as a coolant. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan. 2014;47:340-344'},{id:"B14",body:'Shahrul IM, Mahbubul IM, Saidur R, Khaleduzzaman SS, Sabri MFM, Rahman MM. Effectiveness study of a shell and tube heat exchanger operated with nanofluids at different mass flow rates. Numerical Heat Transfer Part A: Applications. 2014;65:699-713'},{id:"B15",body:'Heris SZ, Shokrgozar M, Poorpharhang S, Shanbedi M, Noie SH. Experimental study of heat transfer of a car radiator with CuO/ethylene glycol-water as a coolant. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 2014;35:677-684. DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.805301'},{id:"B16",body:'Alosious S, Sarath SR, Nair AR, Krishnakumar K. Experimental and numerical study on heat transfer enhancement of flat tube radiator using Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids. Heat and Mass Transfer. 2017;53:3545-3563. DOI: 10.1007/s00231-017-2061-0'},{id:"B17",body:'Subhedar DG, Ramani BM, Gupta A. Experimental investigation of heat transfer potential of Al2O3/water-mono ethylene glycol nanofluids as a car radiator coolant. Case Study Thermal Engineering. 2018;11:26-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2017.11.009'},{id:"B18",body:'Dey D, Kumar P, Samantaray S. A review of nanofuid preparation, stability, and thermo-physical properties. Heat Transfer—Asian Research. 2017;46(8):1413-1442'},{id:"B19",body:'Tiara AM, Chakraborty S, Sarkar I, Ashok A, Pal SK, Chakraborty S. Heat transfer enhancement using surfactant based alumina nanofuid jet from a hot steel plate. Experimental Termal and Fluid Science. 2017;89:295-303'},{id:"B20",body:'Neouze M-A, Schubert U. Surface modifcation and functionalization of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles by organic ligands. Monatshefe fur Chemie. 2008;139(3):183-195'},{id:"B21",body:'Vajnhandl S, Majcen Le Marechal A. Ultrasound in textile dyeing and the decolouration/mineralization of textile dyes. Dyes and Pigments. 2005;65(2):89-101. DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.06.012'},{id:"B22",body:'Mason TJ, Lorimer JP. Sonochemistry: Theory, Applications and Uses of Ultrasound in Chemistry. New York: Ellis Horwood Ltd.; 1988'},{id:"B23",body:'Mason TJ, editor. Advances in Sonochemistry. Vol. 1–6. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; 1990–2001'},{id:"B24",body:'Suslick KS. Sonochemistry. Science. 1990;247(4949):1439-1445. DOI: 10.1126/science.247.4949.1439'},{id:"B25",body:'Li S, Zhang AM, Han R, Liu YQ. Experimental and numerical study on bubble-sphere interaction near a rigid wall. Physics of Fluids. 2017;29(9):092102. DOI: 10.1063/1.4993800'},{id:"B26",body:'Tajik B, Abbassi A, Saffar-Avval M, Abdullah A, Mohammad-Abadi H. Heat transfer enhancement by acoustic streaming in a closed cylindrical enclosure filled with water. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2013;60:230-235'},{id:"B27",body:'Legay M, Simony B, Boldo P, Gondrexon N, Le Person S, Bontemps A. Improvement of heat transfer by means of ultrasound: Application to a double-tube heat exchanger. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2012;19(6):1194-1200'},{id:"B28",body:'Legay M, Le Person S, Gondrexon N, Boldo P, Bontemps A. Performances of two heat exchangers assisted by ultrasound. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2012;37:60-66'},{id:"B29",body:'Gondrexon N, Rousselet Y, Legay M, Boldo P, Le Person S, Bontemps A. Intensification of heat transfer process: Improvement of shell-and-tube heat exchanger by means of ultrasound. Chemical Engineering and Processing. 2010;49(9):936-942'},{id:"B30",body:'Zhou D, Hu X, Liu D. Local convective heat transfer from a horizontal tube in an acoustic cavitation field. Journal of Thermal Science. 2004;13(4):338-343'},{id:"B31",body:'Amiri Delouei H, Sajjadi M, Izadi RM. The simultaneous effects of nanoparticles and ultrasonic vibration on inlet turbulent flow: An experimental study. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2019;146(5):268-277. DOI: 10.1016/j.Applthermaleng.2018.09.113'},{id:"B32",body:'Shen G, Ma L, Zhang S, Zhang S, An L. effect of ultrasonic waves on heat transfer in Al2O3 nanofluid under natural convection and pool boiling. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2019;138(2019):516-523. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.04.071'},{id:"B33",body:'Sudarmadji S, Santoso S, Susilo SH. Analysis of the effect of ultrasonic vibration on nanofluid as coolant in engine radiator. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2021;5(113):6-13. DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2021.241694'}],footnotes:[],contributors:[{corresp:"yes",contributorFullName:"Sudarmadji Sudarmadji",address:"sudarmadji@polinema.ac.id",affiliation:'
State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
'},{corresp:"yes",contributorFullName:"Sugeng Hadi Susilo",address:"sugeng.hadi@polinema.ac.id",affiliation:'
'}],corrections:null},book:{id:"11161",type:"book",title:"Heat Transfer",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Heat Transfer",slug:null,publishedDate:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Md Salim Newaz Kazi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11161.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:null,isbn:"978-1-80355-940-7",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-939-1",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-941-4",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"93483",title:"Prof.",name:"Md Salim Newaz",middleName:null,surname:"Kazi",slug:"md-salim-newaz-kazi",fullName:"Md Salim Newaz Kazi"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},profile:{item:{id:"52270",title:"Prof.",name:"Ottavio",middleName:null,surname:"Giampietro",email:"ottavio.giampietro@med.unipi.it",fullName:"Ottavio Giampietro",slug:"ottavio-giampietro",position:null,biography:null,institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",totalCites:0,totalChapterViews:"0",outsideEditionCount:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalEditedBooks:"0",personalWebsiteURL:null,twitterURL:null,linkedinURL:null,institution:{name:"University of Pisa",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},booksEdited:[],chaptersAuthored:[{id:"24096",title:"The Enlarging List of Phenotypic Characteristics That Might Allow the Clinical Identification of Families at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes",slug:"the-enlarging-list-of-phenotypic-characteristics-that-might-allow-the-clinical-identification-of-fam",abstract:null,signatures:"Elena Matteucci and Ottavio Giampietro",authors:[{id:"43083",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",surname:"Matteucci",fullName:"Elena Matteucci",slug:"elena-matteucci",email:"elena.matteucci@med.unipi.it"},{id:"52270",title:"Prof.",name:"Ottavio",surname:"Giampietro",fullName:"Ottavio Giampietro",slug:"ottavio-giampietro",email:"ottavio.giampietro@med.unipi.it"}],book:{id:"1036",title:"Type 1 Diabetes",slug:"type-1-diabetes-complications-pathogenesis-and-alternative-treatments",productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume"}}},{id:"43320",title:"Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy and Circadian Misalignment in Type 1 Diabetes",slug:"diabetic-autonomic-neuropathy-and-circadian-misalignment-in-type-1-diabetes",abstract:null,signatures:"Elena Matteucci and Ottavio Giampietro",authors:[{id:"43083",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",surname:"Matteucci",fullName:"Elena Matteucci",slug:"elena-matteucci",email:"elena.matteucci@med.unipi.it"},{id:"52270",title:"Prof.",name:"Ottavio",surname:"Giampietro",fullName:"Ottavio Giampietro",slug:"ottavio-giampietro",email:"ottavio.giampietro@med.unipi.it"}],book:{id:"3266",title:"Type 1 Diabetes",slug:"type-1-diabetes",productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume"}}}],collaborators:[{id:"39576",title:"Prof.",name:"Vladimir",surname:"Jakus",slug:"vladimir-jakus",fullName:"Vladimir Jakus",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"39719",title:"Dr.",name:"Mykola",surname:"Khalangot",slug:"mykola-khalangot",fullName:"Mykola Khalangot",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"40366",title:"Prof.",name:"Mykola",surname:"Tronko",slug:"mykola-tronko",fullName:"Mykola Tronko",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"40749",title:"Dr.",name:"Sabita",surname:"Soedamah-Muthu",slug:"sabita-soedamah-muthu",fullName:"Sabita Soedamah-Muthu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Wageningen University & Research",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Netherlands"}}},{id:"40826",title:"Prof.",name:"Bruno",surname:"Vergès",slug:"bruno-verges",fullName:"Bruno Vergès",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Agrosup Dijon",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"57277",title:"Dr.",name:"Jana",surname:"Kostolanska",slug:"jana-kostolanska",fullName:"Jana Kostolanska",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"57278",title:"Prof.",name:"Dagmar",surname:"Michalkova",slug:"dagmar-michalkova",fullName:"Dagmar Michalkova",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"57279",title:"Dr.",name:"Michal",surname:"Sapak",slug:"michal-sapak",fullName:"Michal Sapak",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"57695",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",surname:"Toeller",slug:"monika-toeller",fullName:"Monika Toeller",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"99885",title:"Mrs.",name:"Suzanne",surname:"Abbring",slug:"suzanne-abbring",fullName:"Suzanne Abbring",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Wageningen University & Research",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Netherlands"}}}]},generic:{page:{slug:"OA-publishing-fees",title:"Open Access Publishing Fees",intro:"
The Open Access model is applied to all of our publications and is designed to eliminate subscriptions and pay-per-view fees. This approach ensures free, immediate access to full text versions of your research.
As a gold Open Access publisher, an Open Access Publishing Fee is payable on acceptance following peer review of the manuscript. In return, we provide high quality publishing services and exclusive benefits for all contributors. IntechOpen is the trusted publishing partner of over 140,000 international scientists and researchers.
\\n\\n
The Open Access Publishing Fee (OAPF) is payable only after your book chapter, monograph or journal article is accepted for publication.
\\n\\n
OAPF Publishing Options
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
1,400 GBP Chapter - Edited Volume
\\n\\t
850 GBP Chapter - Book Series Topic (Annual Volume)
\\n\\t
10,000 GBP Monograph - Long Form
\\n\\t
4,000 GBP Compacts Monograph - Short Form
\\n\\t
850 GBP Journal Article (Across Portfolio)
\\n
\\n\\n
During the launching phase journals do not charge an APC, rather they will be funded by IntechOpen.
\\n\\n
*These prices do not include Value-Added Tax (VAT). Residents of European Union countries need to add VAT based on the specific rate in their country of residence. Institutions and companies registered as VAT taxable entities in their own EU member state will not pay VAT as long as provision of the VAT registration number is made during the application process. This is made possible by the EU reverse charge method.
\\n\\n
Services included are:
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
An online manuscript tracking system to facilitate your work
\\n\\t
Personal contact and support throughout the publishing process from your dedicated Author Service Manager
\\n\\t
Assurance that your manuscript meets the highest publishing standards
\\n\\t
English language copyediting and proofreading, including the correction of grammatical, spelling, and other common errors
\\n\\t
XML Typesetting and pagination - web (PDF, HTML) and print files preparation
\\n\\t
Discoverability - electronic citation and linking via DOI
\\n\\t
Permanent and unrestricted online access to your work
\\n
\\n\\n
What isn't covered by the Open Access Publishing Fee?
\\n\\n
If your manuscript:
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Exceeds the number of pages defined by the publishing guidelines, an additional fee per page may be required
\\n\\t
If a manuscript requires Heavy Editing or Language Polishing, this will incur additional fees.
\\n
\\n\\n
Your Author Service Manager will inform you of any items not covered by the OAPF and provide exact information regarding those additional costs before proceeding.
\\n\\n
Open Access Funding
\\n\\n
To explore funding opportunities and learn more about how you can finance your IntechOpen publication, go to our Open Access Funding page. IntechOpen offers expert assistance to all of its Authors. We can support you in approaching funding bodies and institutions in relation to publishing fees by providing information about compliance with the Open Access policies of your funder or institution. We can also assist with communicating the benefits of Open Access in order to support and strengthen your funding request and provide personal guidance through your application process. You can contact us at funders@intechopen.com for further details or assistance.
\\n\\n
For Authors who are still unable to obtain funding from their institutions or research funding bodies for individual projects, IntechOpen does offer the possibility of applying for a Waiver to offset some or all processing feed. Details regarding our Waiver Policy can be found here.
\\n\\n
Added Value of Publishing with IntechOpen
\\n\\n
Choosing to publish with IntechOpen ensures the following benefits:
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Indexing and listing across major repositories, see details ...
\\n\\t
Long-term archiving
\\n\\t
Visibility on the world's strongest OA platform
\\n\\t
Live Performance Metrics to track readership and the impact of your chapter
\\n\\t
Dissemination and Promotion
\\n
\\n\\n
Benefits of Publishing with IntechOpen
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Proven world leader in Open Access book publishing with over 10 years experience
\\n\\t
+5,700 OA books published
\\n\\t
Most competitive prices in the market
\\n\\t
Fully compliant with OA funding requirements
\\n\\t
Optimized processes that assure your research is made available to the scientific community without delay
\\n\\t
Personal support during every step of the publication process
\\n\\t
+184,650 citations in Web of Science databases
\\n\\t
Currently strongest OA platform with over 175 million downloads
As a gold Open Access publisher, an Open Access Publishing Fee is payable on acceptance following peer review of the manuscript. In return, we provide high quality publishing services and exclusive benefits for all contributors. IntechOpen is the trusted publishing partner of over 140,000 international scientists and researchers.
\n\n
The Open Access Publishing Fee (OAPF) is payable only after your book chapter, monograph or journal article is accepted for publication.
\n\n
OAPF Publishing Options
\n\n
\n\t
1,400 GBP Chapter - Edited Volume
\n\t
850 GBP Chapter - Book Series Topic (Annual Volume)
\n\t
10,000 GBP Monograph - Long Form
\n\t
4,000 GBP Compacts Monograph - Short Form
\n\t
850 GBP Journal Article (Across Portfolio)
\n
\n\n
During the launching phase journals do not charge an APC, rather they will be funded by IntechOpen.
\n\n
*These prices do not include Value-Added Tax (VAT). Residents of European Union countries need to add VAT based on the specific rate in their country of residence. Institutions and companies registered as VAT taxable entities in their own EU member state will not pay VAT as long as provision of the VAT registration number is made during the application process. This is made possible by the EU reverse charge method.
\n\n
Services included are:
\n\n
\n\t
An online manuscript tracking system to facilitate your work
\n\t
Personal contact and support throughout the publishing process from your dedicated Author Service Manager
\n\t
Assurance that your manuscript meets the highest publishing standards
\n\t
English language copyediting and proofreading, including the correction of grammatical, spelling, and other common errors
\n\t
XML Typesetting and pagination - web (PDF, HTML) and print files preparation
\n\t
Discoverability - electronic citation and linking via DOI
\n\t
Permanent and unrestricted online access to your work
\n
\n\n
What isn't covered by the Open Access Publishing Fee?
\n\n
If your manuscript:
\n\n
\n\t
Exceeds the number of pages defined by the publishing guidelines, an additional fee per page may be required
\n\t
If a manuscript requires Heavy Editing or Language Polishing, this will incur additional fees.
\n
\n\n
Your Author Service Manager will inform you of any items not covered by the OAPF and provide exact information regarding those additional costs before proceeding.
\n\n
Open Access Funding
\n\n
To explore funding opportunities and learn more about how you can finance your IntechOpen publication, go to our Open Access Funding page. IntechOpen offers expert assistance to all of its Authors. We can support you in approaching funding bodies and institutions in relation to publishing fees by providing information about compliance with the Open Access policies of your funder or institution. We can also assist with communicating the benefits of Open Access in order to support and strengthen your funding request and provide personal guidance through your application process. You can contact us at funders@intechopen.com for further details or assistance.
\n\n
For Authors who are still unable to obtain funding from their institutions or research funding bodies for individual projects, IntechOpen does offer the possibility of applying for a Waiver to offset some or all processing feed. Details regarding our Waiver Policy can be found here.
\n\n
Added Value of Publishing with IntechOpen
\n\n
Choosing to publish with IntechOpen ensures the following benefits:
\n\n
\n\t
Indexing and listing across major repositories, see details ...
\n\t
Long-term archiving
\n\t
Visibility on the world's strongest OA platform
\n\t
Live Performance Metrics to track readership and the impact of your chapter
\n\t
Dissemination and Promotion
\n
\n\n
Benefits of Publishing with IntechOpen
\n\n
\n\t
Proven world leader in Open Access book publishing with over 10 years experience
\n\t
+5,700 OA books published
\n\t
Most competitive prices in the market
\n\t
Fully compliant with OA funding requirements
\n\t
Optimized processes that assure your research is made available to the scientific community without delay
\n\t
Personal support during every step of the publication process
\n\t
+184,650 citations in Web of Science databases
\n\t
Currently strongest OA platform with over 175 million downloads
\n
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rheinmetall (Germany)",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:13404},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:11681},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:4213},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:22421},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:2020},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:33697}],offset:12,limit:12,total:135704},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11369",title:"RNA Viruses Infection",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"52f8a3a1486912beae40b34ac557fed3",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Yogendra Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11369.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"278914",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Yogendra",surname:"Shah",slug:"yogendra-shah",fullName:"Yogendra Shah"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11027",title:"Basics of Hypoglycemia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"98ebc1e36d02be82c204b8fd5d24f97a",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Alok Raghav",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11027.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"334465",title:"Dr.",name:"Alok",surname:"Raghav",slug:"alok-raghav",fullName:"Alok Raghav"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11124",title:"Next-Generation Textiles",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"093f9e26bb829b8d414d13626aea1086",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Hassan Ibrahim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11124.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"90645",title:"Dr.",name:"Hassan",surname:"Ibrahim",slug:"hassan-ibrahim",fullName:"Hassan Ibrahim"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11610",title:"New Insights in Herbicide Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"eb3830b8176caf3d1fd52c32313c5168",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Kassio Ferreira Mendes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11610.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11561",title:"Zeolite From Wastes - New Perspectives on Innovative Resources and Their Valorization Process",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3ed0dfd842de9cd1143212415903e6ad",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Claudia Belviso",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11561.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"61457",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudia",surname:"Belviso",slug:"claudia-belviso",fullName:"Claudia Belviso"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11814",title:"Liposomes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"62d8542d18b8cddcf507f7948b2ae74b",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Rajeev K. Tyagi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11814.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"269120",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajeev",surname:"Tyagi",slug:"rajeev-tyagi",fullName:"Rajeev Tyagi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11778",title:"Correctional Facilities and Correctional Treatment - International Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a933550a6966a04e4677a4c0aea8f5b2",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11778.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"198691",title:"Prof.",name:"Rui",surname:"Abrunhosa Gonçalves",slug:"rui-abrunhosa-goncalves",fullName:"Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11709",title:"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"cc0e61f864a2a8a9595f4975ce301f70",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Shilpa Mehta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11709.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"342545",title:"Dr.",name:"Shilpa",surname:"Mehta",slug:"shilpa-mehta",fullName:"Shilpa Mehta"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11889",title:"Sexual Disorders and Dysfunctions",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b988fda30a4e2364ee9d47e417bd0ba9",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11889.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"167875",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhastagir Sultan",surname:"Sheriff",slug:"dhastagir-sultan-sheriff",fullName:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11867",title:"Echocardiography",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d9159ce31733bf78cc2a79b18c225994",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Gabriel Cismaru",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11867.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"191888",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabriel",surname:"Cismaru",slug:"gabriel-cismaru",fullName:"Gabriel Cismaru"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11556",title:"Numerical Simulation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0a68fbeb303684344bda285aa06769af",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ali Soofastaei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11556.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"257455",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",surname:"Soofastaei",slug:"ali-soofastaei",fullName:"Ali Soofastaei"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11784",title:"Bryophytes - The State of Knowledge in a World Under Climate Change",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"80743b2add35e11b09c10e6895a45831",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Jair Putzke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11784.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"324930",title:"Prof.",name:"Jair",surname:"Putzke",slug:"jair-putzke",fullName:"Jair Putzke"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:22},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:37},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:61},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:240},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3737",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"Modelling, Programming and Simulations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"matlab-modelling-programming-and-simulations",bookSignature:"Emilson Pereira Leite",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3737.jpg",editors:[{id:"12051",title:"Prof.",name:"Emilson",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira Leite",slug:"emilson-pereira-leite",fullName:"Emilson Pereira Leite"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"1770",title:"Gel Electrophoresis",subtitle:"Principles and Basics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"279701f6c802cf02deef45103e0611ff",slug:"gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics",bookSignature:"Sameh Magdeldin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1770.jpg",editors:[{id:"123648",title:"Dr.",name:"Sameh",middleName:null,surname:"Magdeldin",slug:"sameh-magdeldin",fullName:"Sameh Magdeldin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4802},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7175,editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1981,editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2308,editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1473,editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",publishedDate:"April 26th 2011",numberOfDownloads:318571,editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",publishedDate:"September 26th 2012",numberOfDownloads:271836,editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",publishedDate:"July 1st 2013",numberOfDownloads:243450,editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1582,editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2082,editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",publishedDate:"October 17th 2012",numberOfDownloads:256294,editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8452",title:"Organizational Conflict",subtitle:"New Insights",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"96bdaaba38a7850a7e7379aa5a505748",slug:"organizational-conflict-new-insights",bookSignature:"Josiane Fahed-Sreih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8452.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"103784",title:"Dr.",name:"Josiane",middleName:null,surname:"Fahed-Sreih",slug:"josiane-fahed-sreih",fullName:"Josiane Fahed-Sreih"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10778",title:"Model-Based Control Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Design and Implementations for Varied Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e39a567d9b6d2a45d0a1d927362c9005",slug:"model-based-control-engineering-recent-design-and-implementations-for-varied-applications",bookSignature:"Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid and Ahmad `Athif Mohd Faudzi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10778.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"268173",title:"Dr.",name:"Umar Zakir Abdul",middleName:null,surname:"Hamid",slug:"umar-zakir-abdul-hamid",fullName:"Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10780",title:"Current Trends in Orthodontics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"badce0e23eb5176fd653b049d5295c0a",slug:"current-trends-in-orthodontics",bookSignature:"Farid Bourzgui",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10780.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"52177",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid",middleName:null,surname:"Bourzgui",slug:"farid-bourzgui",fullName:"Farid Bourzgui"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10793",title:"Molecular Mechanisms in Cancer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3ed2817275edb3de6f5683602314706e",slug:"molecular-mechanisms-in-cancer",bookSignature:"Metin Budak and Rajamanickam Rajkumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10793.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"226275",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Metin",middleName:null,surname:"Budak",slug:"metin-budak",fullName:"Metin Budak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11308",title:"Selected Topics on Infant Feeding",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"213c3e403327a2919eca1dc5e82a0ec3",slug:"selected-topics-on-infant-feeding",bookSignature:"Isam Jaber AL-Zwaini and Haider Hadi AL-Musawi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11308.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"30993",title:"Prof.",name:"Isam Jaber",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Zwaini",slug:"isam-jaber-al-zwaini",fullName:"Isam Jaber Al-Zwaini"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11331",title:"Secondary Metabolites",subtitle:"Trends and Reviews",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7d6274f42d5441e537c5fa744bc84523",slug:"secondary-metabolites-trends-and-reviews",bookSignature:"Ramasamy Vijayakumar and Suresh Selvapuram Sudalaimuthu Raja",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11331.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"176044",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramasamy",middleName:null,surname:"Vijayakumar",slug:"ramasamy-vijayakumar",fullName:"Ramasamy Vijayakumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10820",title:"Data Clustering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"086d299ffd05aacd2311c3ca4ebf0d3a",slug:"data-clustering",bookSignature:"Niansheng Tang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"221831",title:"Prof.",name:"Niansheng",middleName:null,surname:"Tang",slug:"niansheng-tang",fullName:"Niansheng Tang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10827",title:"Oral Health Care",subtitle:"An Important Issue of the Modern Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a0ceb9ced4598aea3f3723f6dc4ea04",slug:"oral-health-care-an-important-issue-of-the-modern-society",bookSignature:"Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean and Laura Cristina Rusu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10827.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"180569",title:"Dr.",name:"Lavinia",middleName:null,surname:"Ardelean",slug:"lavinia-ardelean",fullName:"Lavinia Ardelean"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11139",title:"Geochemistry and Mineral Resources",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"928cebbdce21d9b3f081267b24f12dfb",slug:"geochemistry-and-mineral-resources",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11139.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"August 17th 2022",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"296",title:"Textile Engineering",slug:"textile-engineering",parent:{id:"24",title:"Technology",slug:"technology"},numberOfBooks:18,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:311,numberOfWosCitations:1446,numberOfCrossrefCitations:721,numberOfDimensionsCitations:1828,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"296",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"10410",title:"Textiles for Functional Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5be34ee24510dc6ac217b82f0ce41ab0",slug:"textiles-for-functional-applications",bookSignature:"Bipin Kumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10410.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"177114",title:"Dr.",name:"Bipin",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar",slug:"bipin-kumar",fullName:"Bipin Kumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10203",title:"Dyes and Pigments",subtitle:"Novel Applications and Waste Treatment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"624f533946a159bc8a03f109c2e1dc91",slug:"dyes-and-pigments-novel-applications-and-waste-treatment",bookSignature:"Raffaello Papadakis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10203.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"251885",title:"Dr.",name:"Raffaello",middleName:null,surname:"Papadakis",slug:"raffaello-papadakis",fullName:"Raffaello Papadakis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9203",title:"Chemistry and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Dyes and Pigments",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126a19fe8435f744b10161895ed51116",slug:"chemistry-and-technology-of-natural-and-synthetic-dyes-and-pigments",bookSignature:"Ashis Kumar Samanta, Nasser S. Awwad and Hamed Majdooa Algarni",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9203.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"42763",title:"Prof.",name:"Ashis Kumar",middleName:null,surname:"Samanta",slug:"ashis-kumar-samanta",fullName:"Ashis Kumar Samanta"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"145209",title:"Prof.",name:"Nasser",middleName:"S",surname:"Awwad",slug:"nasser-awwad",fullName:"Nasser Awwad",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/145209/images/system/145209.jpg",biography:"Nasser Awwad received his Ph.D. in inorganic and radiochemistry in 2000 from Ain Shams University . Nasser Awwad was an Associate Professor of Radiochemistry in 2006 and Professor of Inorganic and Radiochemistry in 2011. He has been a Professor at King Khalid University, Abha, KSA, from 2011 until now. Prof Awwad has edited four books (Uranium, New trends in Nuclear Sciences, Lanthanides, and Nuclear Power Plants) and he has co-edited two books (Chemistry and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Dyes and Pigments and Biochemical Analysis Tools). He has also published 205 papers at ISI journals. He has supervised 4 Ph.D. and 18 MSc students in the field of radioactive and wastewater treatment. He has participated in 26 international conferences in South Korea, the USA, Lebanon, KSA, and Egypt. He has reviewed 2 Ph.D. and 15 MSc theses. He participated in 10 big projects with KACST at KSA and Sandia National Labs in the USA. He is a member of the Arab Society of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine. He is a permanent member of the American Chemical Society, and a rapporteur of the Permanent Committee for Nuclear and Radiological Protection at KKU. He is Head of the Scientific Research and International Cooperation Unit, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University.",institutionString:"King Khalid University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"6",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"4",institution:{name:"King Khalid University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10147",title:"Waste in Textile and Leather Sectors",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"36eb1ed7179e0790a029523c97f1df04",slug:"waste-in-textile-and-leather-sectors",bookSignature:"Ayşegül Körlü",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10147.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"255885",title:"Dr.",name:"Ayşegül",middleName:null,surname:"Körlü",slug:"aysegul-korlu",fullName:"Ayşegül Körlü"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8542",title:"Fashion Industry",subtitle:"An Itinerary Between Feelings and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88f3d9a82a4972e4bf74cf48490eca31",slug:"fashion-industry-an-itinerary-between-feelings-and-technology",bookSignature:"Riccardo Beltramo, Annalisa Romani and Paolo Cantore",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8542.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"257332",title:"Prof.",name:"Riccardo",middleName:null,surname:"Beltramo",slug:"riccardo-beltramo",fullName:"Riccardo Beltramo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8892",title:"Textile Manufacturing Processes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1437c101708777875352cbfd31f6241b",slug:"textile-manufacturing-processes",bookSignature:"Faheem Uddin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8892.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"228107",title:"Prof.",name:"Faheem",middleName:null,surname:"Uddin",slug:"faheem-uddin",fullName:"Faheem Uddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7431",title:"Textile Industry and Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"be9d70201ab46060419025deb99c16f3",slug:"textile-industry-and-environment",bookSignature:"Ayşegül Körlü",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7431.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"255885",title:"Dr.",name:"Ayşegül",middleName:null,surname:"Körlü",slug:"aysegul-korlu",fullName:"Ayşegül Körlü"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7242",title:"Engineered Fabrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"757cc326df7bcca72c8c850d9f4f71d1",slug:"engineered-fabrics",bookSignature:"Mukesh Kumar Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7242.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36895",title:"Dr.",name:"Mukesh Kumar",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"mukesh-kumar-singh",fullName:"Mukesh Kumar Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5921",title:"Textiles for Advanced Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4deef8de2e616f18c51985a3cafe9acb",slug:"textiles-for-advanced-applications",bookSignature:"Bipin Kumar and Suman Thakur",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5921.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"177114",title:"Dr.",name:"Bipin",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar",slug:"bipin-kumar",fullName:"Bipin Kumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5086",title:"Textile Wastewater Treatment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"793e019e29b364d0daa8031b0800c3c3",slug:"textile-wastewater-treatment",bookSignature:"E. Perrin Akçakoca Kumbasar and Ayşegül Ekmekci Körlü",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5086.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"10485",title:"Dr.",name:"Emriye",middleName:"Perrin",surname:"Akcakoca Kumbasar",slug:"emriye-akcakoca-kumbasar",fullName:"Emriye Akcakoca Kumbasar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5062",title:"Non-woven Fabrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"06787f40748e81d97fb3e8c5370b35a5",slug:"non-woven-fabrics",bookSignature:"Han-Yong Jeon",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5062.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"114618",title:"Prof.",name:"Han-Yong",middleName:null,surname:"Jeon",slug:"han-yong-jeon",fullName:"Han-Yong Jeon"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3137",title:"Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"78714c655bf80050e9713a50a0581ccb",slug:"eco-friendly-textile-dyeing-and-finishing",bookSignature:"Melih Günay",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3137.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"33126",title:"Dr.",name:"Melih",middleName:null,surname:"Gunay",slug:"melih-gunay",fullName:"Melih Gunay"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:18,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"41411",doi:"10.5772/53659",title:"Textile Dyes: Dyeing Process and Environmental Impact",slug:"textile-dyes-dyeing-process-and-environmental-impact",totalDownloads:20684,totalCrossrefCites:101,totalDimensionsCites:320,abstract:null,book:{id:"3137",slug:"eco-friendly-textile-dyeing-and-finishing",title:"Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing",fullTitle:"Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing"},signatures:"Farah Maria Drumond Chequer, Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira, Elisa Raquel Anastácio Ferraz, Juliano Carvalho Cardoso, Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni and Danielle Palma de Oliveira",authors:[{id:"49040",title:"Prof.",name:"Danielle",middleName:null,surname:"Palma De Oliveira",slug:"danielle-palma-de-oliveira",fullName:"Danielle Palma De Oliveira"},{id:"149074",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Valnice",middleName:null,surname:"Zanoni",slug:"maria-valnice-zanoni",fullName:"Maria Valnice Zanoni"},{id:"153502",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Farah",middleName:null,surname:"Chequer",slug:"farah-chequer",fullName:"Farah Chequer"},{id:"153504",title:"MSc.",name:"Gisele",middleName:null,surname:"Oliveira",slug:"gisele-oliveira",fullName:"Gisele Oliveira"},{id:"163377",title:"Dr.",name:"Juliano",middleName:null,surname:"Cardoso",slug:"juliano-cardoso",fullName:"Juliano Cardoso"},{id:"163393",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisa",middleName:null,surname:"Ferraz",slug:"elisa-ferraz",fullName:"Elisa Ferraz"}]},{id:"22395",doi:"10.5772/22670",title:"Textile Dyeing Wastewater Treatment",slug:"textile-dyeing-wastewater-treatment",totalDownloads:61313,totalCrossrefCites:63,totalDimensionsCites:147,abstract:null,book:{id:"528",slug:"advances-in-treating-textile-effluent",title:"Advances in Treating Textile Effluent",fullTitle:"Advances in Treating Textile Effluent"},signatures:"Zongping Wang, Miaomiao Xue, Kai Huang and Zizheng Liu",authors:[{id:"48655",title:"Dr.",name:"Zongping",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"zongping-wang",fullName:"Zongping Wang"},{id:"137783",title:"Prof.",name:"Miaomiao",middleName:null,surname:"Xue",slug:"miaomiao-xue",fullName:"Miaomiao Xue"},{id:"137784",title:"Prof.",name:"Kai",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",slug:"kai-huang",fullName:"Kai Huang"},{id:"137785",title:"Prof.",name:"Zizheng",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",slug:"zizheng-liu",fullName:"Zizheng Liu"}]},{id:"23051",doi:"10.5772/21341",title:"Dyeing of Textiles with Natural Dyes",slug:"dyeing-of-textiles-with-natural-dyes",totalDownloads:48165,totalCrossrefCites:16,totalDimensionsCites:92,abstract:null,book:{id:"1351",slug:"natural-dyes",title:"Natural Dyes",fullTitle:"Natural Dyes"},signatures:"Ashis Kumar Samanta and Adwaita Konar",authors:[{id:"42763",title:"Prof.",name:"Ashis Kumar",middleName:null,surname:"Samanta",slug:"ashis-kumar-samanta",fullName:"Ashis Kumar Samanta"},{id:"50085",title:"Mr.",name:"Adwaita",middleName:null,surname:"Konar",slug:"adwaita-konar",fullName:"Adwaita Konar"}]},{id:"12253",doi:"10.5772/10465",title:"Composites Based on Natural Fibre Fabrics",slug:"composites-based-on-natural-fibre-fabrics",totalDownloads:27519,totalCrossrefCites:27,totalDimensionsCites:80,abstract:null,book:{id:"3682",slug:"woven-fabric-engineering",title:"Woven Fabric Engineering",fullTitle:"Woven Fabric Engineering"},signatures:"Gianluca Cicala, Giuseppe Cristaldi, Giuseppe Recca and Alberta Latteri",authors:null},{id:"22392",doi:"10.5772/19872",title:"Azo Dyes and Their Metabolites: Does the Discharge of the Azo Dye into Water Bodies Represent Human and Ecological Risks?",slug:"azo-dyes-and-their-metabolites-does-the-discharge-of-the-azo-dye-into-water-bodies-represent-human-a",totalDownloads:11723,totalCrossrefCites:17,totalDimensionsCites:70,abstract:null,book:{id:"528",slug:"advances-in-treating-textile-effluent",title:"Advances in Treating Textile Effluent",fullTitle:"Advances in Treating Textile Effluent"},signatures:"Farah Maria Drumond Chequer, Daniel Junqueira Dorta and Danielle Palma de Oliveira",authors:[{id:"49040",title:"Prof.",name:"Danielle",middleName:null,surname:"Palma De Oliveira",slug:"danielle-palma-de-oliveira",fullName:"Danielle Palma De Oliveira"},{id:"36612",title:"Dr.",name:"Farah",middleName:"Drumond",surname:"Chequer",slug:"farah-chequer",fullName:"Farah Chequer"},{id:"88318",title:"Prof.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Junqueira Dorta",slug:"daniel-junqueira-dorta",fullName:"Daniel Junqueira Dorta"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"68157",title:"Introductory Chapter: Textile Manufacturing Processes",slug:"introductory-chapter-textile-manufacturing-processes",totalDownloads:4502,totalCrossrefCites:17,totalDimensionsCites:27,abstract:null,book:{id:"8892",slug:"textile-manufacturing-processes",title:"Textile Manufacturing Processes",fullTitle:"Textile Manufacturing Processes"},signatures:"Faheem Uddin",authors:[{id:"228107",title:"Prof.",name:"Faheem",middleName:null,surname:"Uddin",slug:"faheem-uddin",fullName:"Faheem Uddin"}]},{id:"41411",title:"Textile Dyes: Dyeing Process and Environmental Impact",slug:"textile-dyes-dyeing-process-and-environmental-impact",totalDownloads:20696,totalCrossrefCites:101,totalDimensionsCites:320,abstract:null,book:{id:"3137",slug:"eco-friendly-textile-dyeing-and-finishing",title:"Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing",fullTitle:"Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing"},signatures:"Farah Maria Drumond Chequer, Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira, Elisa Raquel Anastácio Ferraz, Juliano Carvalho Cardoso, Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni and Danielle Palma de Oliveira",authors:[{id:"49040",title:"Prof.",name:"Danielle",middleName:null,surname:"Palma De Oliveira",slug:"danielle-palma-de-oliveira",fullName:"Danielle Palma De Oliveira"},{id:"149074",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Valnice",middleName:null,surname:"Zanoni",slug:"maria-valnice-zanoni",fullName:"Maria Valnice Zanoni"},{id:"153502",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Farah",middleName:null,surname:"Chequer",slug:"farah-chequer",fullName:"Farah Chequer"},{id:"153504",title:"MSc.",name:"Gisele",middleName:null,surname:"Oliveira",slug:"gisele-oliveira",fullName:"Gisele Oliveira"},{id:"163377",title:"Dr.",name:"Juliano",middleName:null,surname:"Cardoso",slug:"juliano-cardoso",fullName:"Juliano Cardoso"},{id:"163393",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisa",middleName:null,surname:"Ferraz",slug:"elisa-ferraz",fullName:"Elisa Ferraz"}]},{id:"70564",title:"Fundamentals of Natural Dyes and Its Application on Textile Substrates",slug:"fundamentals-of-natural-dyes-and-its-application-on-textile-substrates",totalDownloads:3005,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:22,abstract:"The meticulous environmental standards in textiles and garments imposed by countries cautious about nature and health protection are reviving interest in the application of natural dyes in dyeing of textile materials. The toxic and allergic reactions of synthetic dyes are compelling the people to think about natural dyes. Natural dyes are renewable source of colouring materials. Besides textiles it has application in colouration of foods, medicine and in handicraft items. Though natural dyes are ecofriendly, protective to skin and pleasing colour to eyes, they are having very poor bonding with textile fibre materials, which necessitate mordanting with metallic mordants, some of which are not eco friendly, for fixation of natural dyes on textile fibres. So the supremacy of natural dyes is somewhat subdued. This necessitates newer research on application of natural dyes on different natural fibres for completely eco friendly textiles. The fundamentals of natural dyes chemistry and some of the important research work are therefore discussed in this review article.",book:{id:"9203",slug:"chemistry-and-technology-of-natural-and-synthetic-dyes-and-pigments",title:"Chemistry and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Dyes and Pigments",fullTitle:"Chemistry and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Dyes and Pigments"},signatures:"Virendra Kumar Gupta",authors:[{id:"305259",title:"Dr.",name:"Virendra",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar Gupta",slug:"virendra-kumar-gupta",fullName:"Virendra Kumar Gupta"}]},{id:"49647",title:"Fiber Selection for the Production of Nonwovens",slug:"fiber-selection-for-the-production-of-nonwovens",totalDownloads:10578,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:17,abstract:"The most significant feature of nonwoven fabric is made directly from fibers in a continuous production line. While manufacturing nonwovens, some conventional textile operations, such as carding, drawing, roving, spinning, weaving or knitting, are partially or completely eliminated. For this reason the choice of fiber is very important for nonwoven manufacturers. The commonly used fibers include natural fibers (cotton, jute, flax, wool), synthetic fibers (polyester (PES), polypropylene (PP), polyamide, rayon), special fibers (glass, carbon, nanofiber, bi-component, superabsorbent fibers). Raw materials have not only delivered significant product improvements but also benefited people using these products by providing hygiene and comfort.",book:{id:"5062",slug:"non-woven-fabrics",title:"Non-woven Fabrics",fullTitle:"Non-woven Fabrics"},signatures:"Nazan Avcioglu Kalebek and Osman Babaarslan",authors:[{id:"119775",title:"Prof.",name:"Osman",middleName:null,surname:"Babaarslan",slug:"osman-babaarslan",fullName:"Osman Babaarslan"},{id:"175829",title:"Dr.",name:"Nazan",middleName:null,surname:"Kalebek",slug:"nazan-kalebek",fullName:"Nazan Kalebek"}]},{id:"41409",title:"Surface Modification Methods for Improving the Dyeability of Textile Fabrics",slug:"surface-modification-methods-for-improving-the-dyeability-of-textile-fabrics",totalDownloads:7068,totalCrossrefCites:14,totalDimensionsCites:36,abstract:null,book:{id:"3137",slug:"eco-friendly-textile-dyeing-and-finishing",title:"Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing",fullTitle:"Eco-Friendly Textile Dyeing and Finishing"},signatures:"Sheila Shahidi, Jakub Wiener and Mahmood Ghoranneviss",authors:[{id:"58854",title:"Dr.",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Shahidi",slug:"shahidi",fullName:"Shahidi"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"296",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:91,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:333,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:144,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:124,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:23,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",issn:"2631-6188",scope:"This series will provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends in various Infectious Diseases (as per the most recent Baltimore classification). Topics will include general overviews of infections, immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, etiology, and current clinical recommendations for managing infectious diseases. Ongoing issues, recent advances, and future diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies will also be discussed. This book series will focus on various aspects and properties of infectious diseases whose deep understanding is essential for safeguarding the human race from losing resources and economies due to pathogens.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/6.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 16th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:13,editor:{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{id:"11478",title:"Recent Advances in the Study of Dyslexia",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11478.jpg",hash:"26764a18c6b776698823e0e1c3022d2f",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"June 30th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"294281",title:"Prof.",name:"Jonathan",surname:"Glazzard",slug:"jonathan-glazzard",fullName:"Jonathan Glazzard"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:21,paginationItems:[{id:"83115",title:"Fungi and Oomycetes–Allies in Eliminating Environmental Pathogens",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106498",signatures:"Iasmina Luca",slug:"fungi-and-oomycetes-allies-in-eliminating-environmental-pathogens",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:null,totalDimensionsCites:null,authors:null,book:{title:"Animal Welfare - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11579.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"82991",title:"Diseases of the Canine Prostate Gland",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105835",signatures:"Sabine Schäfer-Somi",slug:"diseases-of-the-canine-prostate-gland",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"82956",title:"Potential Substitutes of Antibiotics for Swine and Poultry Production",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106081",signatures:"Ho Trung Thong, Le Nu Anh Thu and Ho Viet Duc",slug:"potential-substitutes-of-antibiotics-for-swine-and-poultry-production",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Antibiotics and Probiotics in Animal Food - Impact and Regulation",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11578.jpg",subseries:{id:"20",title:"Animal Nutrition"}}},{id:"82905",title:"A Review of Application Strategies and Efficacy of Probiotics in Pet Food",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105829",signatures:"Heather Acuff and Charles G. Aldrich",slug:"a-review-of-application-strategies-and-efficacy-of-probiotics-in-pet-food",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Antibiotics and Probiotics in Animal Food - Impact and Regulation",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11578.jpg",subseries:{id:"20",title:"Animal Nutrition"}}},{id:"82773",title:"Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor: An Infectious Neoplasia in Dogs",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106150",signatures:"Chanokchon Setthawongsin, Somporn Techangamsuwan and Anudep Rungsipipat",slug:"canine-transmissible-venereal-tumor-an-infectious-neoplasia-in-dogs",totalDownloads:15,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"82797",title:"Anatomical Guide to the Paranasal Sinuses of Domestic Animals",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106157",signatures:"Mohamed A.M. Alsafy, Samir A.A. El-Gendy and Catrin Sian Rutland",slug:"anatomical-guide-to-the-paranasal-sinuses-of-domestic-animals",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"82457",title:"Canine Hearing Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105515",signatures:"Peter M. Skip Scheifele, Devan Marshall, Stephen Lee, Paul Reid, Thomas McCreery and David Byrne",slug:"canine-hearing-management",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"82285",title:"Parvovirus Vectors: The Future of Gene Therapy",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105085",signatures:"Megha Gupta",slug:"parvovirus-vectors-the-future-of-gene-therapy",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"82170",title:"Equine Stress: Neuroendocrine Physiology and Pathophysiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105045",signatures:"Milomir Kovac, Tatiana Vladimirovna Ippolitova, Sergey Pozyabin, Ruslan Aliev, Viktoria Lobanova, Nevena Drakul and Catrin S. Rutland",slug:"equine-stress-neuroendocrine-physiology-and-pathophysiology",totalDownloads:33,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"81793",title:"Canine parvovirus-2: An Emerging Threat to Young Pets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104846",signatures:"Mithilesh Singh, Rajendran Manikandan, Ujjwal Kumar De, Vishal Chander, Babul Rudra Paul, Saravanan Ramakrishnan and Darshini Maramreddy",slug:"canine-parvovirus-2-an-emerging-threat-to-young-pets",totalDownloads:34,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Animal Nutrition",value:20,count:3,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Animal Science",value:19,count:18,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10897",title:"Food Systems Resilience",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10897.jpg",slug:"food-systems-resilience",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros, Daniel S. Tevera, Luís F. Goulao and Lucas D. Tivana",hash:"ae9dd92f53433e4607f1db188dc649b4",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Food Systems Resilience",editors:[{id:"171036",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana I.",middleName:null,surname:"Ribeiro-Barros",slug:"ana-i.-ribeiro-barros",fullName:"Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/171036/images/system/171036.jpg",institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"University of Lisbon",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society",value:91,count:1}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:189,paginationItems:[{id:"221831",title:"Prof.",name:"Niansheng",middleName:null,surname:"Tang",slug:"niansheng-tang",fullName:"Niansheng Tang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221831/images/system/221831.jpeg",biography:"Niansheng Tang is a Professor of Statistics and Dean of the School of Mathematics and Statistics, Yunnan University, China. He was elected a Yangtze River Scholars Distinguished Professor in 2013, a member of the International Statistical Institute (ISI) in 2016, a member of the board of the International Chinese Statistical Association (ICSA) in 2018, and a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (IMS) in 2021. He received the ICSA Outstanding Service Award in 2018 and the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China in 2012. He serves as a member of the editorial board of Statistics and Its Interface and Journal of Systems Science and Complexity. He is also a field editor for Communications in Mathematics and Statistics. His research interests include biostatistics, empirical likelihood, missing data analysis, variable selection, high-dimensional data analysis, Bayesian statistics, and data science. He has published more than 190 research papers and authored five books.",institutionString:"Yunnan University",institution:{name:"Yunnan University",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"1177",title:"Prof.",name:"António",middleName:"J. R.",surname:"José Ribeiro Neves",slug:"antonio-jose-ribeiro-neves",fullName:"António José Ribeiro Neves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1177/images/system/1177.jpg",biography:"Prof. António J. R. Neves received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Aveiro, Portugal, in 2007. Since 2002, he has been a researcher at the Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro. Since 2007, he has been an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, University of Aveiro. He is the director of the undergraduate course on Electrical and Computers Engineering and the vice-director of the master’s degree in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering. He is an IEEE Senior Member and a member of several other research organizations worldwide. His main research interests are computer vision, intelligent systems, robotics, and image and video processing. He has participated in or coordinated several research projects and received more than thirty-five awards. He has 161 publications to his credit, including books, book chapters, journal articles, and conference papers. He has vast experience as a reviewer of several journals and conferences. As a professor, Dr. Neves has supervised several Ph.D. and master’s students and was involved in more than twenty-five different courses.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"11317",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Javier Gallegos-Funes",slug:"francisco-javier-gallegos-funes",fullName:"Francisco Javier Gallegos-Funes",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/11317/images/system/11317.png",biography:"Francisco J. Gallegos-Funes received his Ph.D. in Communications and Electronics from the Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México (National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico) in 2003. He is currently an associate professor in the Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Higher School) at the same institute. His areas of scientific interest are signal and image processing, filtering, steganography, segmentation, pattern recognition, biomedical signal processing, sensors, and real-time applications.",institutionString:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"428449",title:"Dr.",name:"Ronaldo",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira",slug:"ronaldo-ferreira",fullName:"Ronaldo Ferreira",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/428449/images/21449_n.png",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165328/images/system/165328.jpg",biography:"Vahid Asadpour, MS, Ph.D., is currently with the Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California. He has both an MS and Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering. He was previously a research scientist at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and visiting professor and researcher at the University of North Dakota. He is currently working in artificial intelligence and its applications in medical signal processing. In addition, he is using digital signal processing in medical imaging and speech processing. Dr. Asadpour has developed brain-computer interfacing algorithms and has published books, book chapters, and several journal and conference papers in this field and other areas of intelligent signal processing. He has also designed medical devices, including a laser Doppler monitoring system.",institutionString:"Kaiser Permanente Southern California",institution:null},{id:"169608",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Găiceanu",slug:"marian-gaiceanu",fullName:"Marian Găiceanu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169608/images/system/169608.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Marian Gaiceanu graduated from the Naval and Electrical Engineering Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania, in 1997. He received a Ph.D. (Magna Cum Laude) in Electrical Engineering in 2002. Since 2017, Dr. Gaiceanu has been a Ph.D. supervisor for students in Electrical Engineering. He has been employed at Dunarea de Jos University of Galati since 1996, where he is currently a professor. Dr. Gaiceanu is a member of the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, an expert of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Funding, and a member of the Senate of the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. He has been the head of the Integrated Energy Conversion Systems and Advanced Control of Complex Processes Research Center, Romania, since 2016. He has conducted several projects in power converter systems for electrical drives, power quality, PEM and SOFC fuel cell power converters for utilities, electric vehicles, and marine applications with the Department of Regulation and Control, SIEI S.pA. (2002–2004) and the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy (2002–2004, 2006–2007). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and cofounder-member of the IEEE Power Electronics Romanian Chapter. He is a guest editor at Energies and an academic book editor for IntechOpen. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science and Sustainability. Dr. Gaiceanu has been General Chairman of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the last six editions.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",biography:"Jaydip Sen is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Data Science. His research areas include security and privacy issues in computing and communication, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in the financial domain. He has more than 200 publications in reputed international journals, refereed conference proceedings, and 20 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Springer, CRC press, IGI Global, etc. Currently, he is serving on the editorial board of the prestigious journal Frontiers in Communications and Networks and in the technical program committees of a number of high-ranked international conferences organized by the IEEE, USA, and the ACM, USA. He has been listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world for the last three consecutive years, 2019 to 2021 as per studies conducted by the Stanford University, USA.",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null},{id:"320071",title:"Dr.",name:"Sidra",middleName:null,surname:"Mehtab",slug:"sidra-mehtab",fullName:"Sidra Mehtab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002v6KHoQAM/Profile_Picture_1584512086360",biography:"Sidra Mehtab has completed her BS with honors in Physics from Calcutta University, India in 2018. She has done MS in Data Science and Analytics from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Kolkata, India in 2020. Her research areas include Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer and Network Security with a particular focus on Cyber Security Analytics. Ms. Mehtab has published seven papers in international conferences and one of her papers has been accepted for publication in a reputable international journal. She has won the best paper awards in two prestigious international conferences – BAICONF 2019, and ICADCML 2021, organized in the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India in December 2019, and SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2021. Besides, Ms. Mehtab has also published two book chapters in two books. Seven of her book chapters will be published in a volume shortly in 2021 by Cambridge Scholars’ Press, UK. Currently, she is working as the joint editor of two edited volumes on Time Series Analysis and Forecasting to be published in the first half of 2021 by an international house. Currently, she is working as a Data Scientist with an MNC in Delhi, India.",institutionString:"NSHM College of Management and Technology",institution:{name:"Association for Computing Machinery",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"226240",title:"Dr.",name:"Andri Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Rifai",slug:"andri-irfan-rifai",fullName:"Andri Irfan Rifai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226240/images/7412_n.jpg",biography:"Andri IRFAN is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering and Planning. He completed the PhD at the Universitas Indonesia & Universidade do Minho with Sandwich Program Scholarship from the Directorate General of Higher Education and LPDP scholarship. He has been teaching for more than 19 years and much active to applied his knowledge in the project construction in Indonesia. His research interest ranges from pavement management system to advanced data mining techniques for transportation engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in journals and 2 books.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universitas Internasional Batam",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"314576",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibai",middleName:null,surname:"Laña",slug:"ibai-lana",fullName:"Ibai Laña",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314576/images/system/314576.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ibai Laña works at TECNALIA as a data analyst. He received his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain, in 2018. He is currently a senior researcher at TECNALIA. His research interests fall within the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, machine learning, traffic data analysis, and data science. He has dealt with urban traffic forecasting problems, applying machine learning models and evolutionary algorithms. He has experience in origin-destination matrix estimation or point of interest and trajectory detection. Working with large volumes of data has given him a good command of big data processing tools and NoSQL databases. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"314575",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"L. Lobo",slug:"jesus-l.-lobo",fullName:"Jesus L. Lobo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314575/images/system/314575.png",biography:"Dr. Jesús López is currently based in Bilbao (Spain) working at TECNALIA as Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist. In most cases, a project idea or a new research line needs to be investigated to see if it is good enough to take into production or to focus on it. That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"103779",title:"Prof.",name:"Yalcin",middleName:null,surname:"Isler",slug:"yalcin-isler",fullName:"Yalcin Isler",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRyQ8QAK/Profile_Picture_1628834958734",biography:"Yalcin Isler (1971 - Burdur / Turkey) received the B.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2009, and the Competence of Associate Professorship from the Turkish Interuniversity Council in 2019.\n\nHe was Lecturer at Burdur Vocational School in Suleyman Demirel University (1993-2000, Burdur / Turkey), Software Engineer (2000-2002, Izmir / Turkey), Research Assistant in Bulent Ecevit University (2002-2003, Zonguldak / Turkey), Research Assistant in Dokuz Eylul University (2003-2010, Izmir / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Bulent Ecevit University (2010-2012, Zonguldak / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Izmir Katip Celebi University (2012-2019, Izmir / Turkey). He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir / Turkey, since 2019. In addition to academics, he has also founded Islerya Medical and Information Technologies Company, Izmir / Turkey, since 2017.\n\nHis main research interests cover biomedical signal processing, pattern recognition, medical device design, programming, and embedded systems. He has many scientific papers and participated in several projects in these study fields. He was an IEEE Student Member (2009-2011) and IEEE Member (2011-2014) and has been IEEE Senior Member since 2014.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:'"Politechnica" University Timişoara',institution:null},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"310576",title:"Prof.",name:"Erick Giovani",middleName:null,surname:"Sperandio Nascimento",slug:"erick-giovani-sperandio-nascimento",fullName:"Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y00002pDKxDQAW/ProfilePicture%202022-06-20%2019%3A57%3A24.788",biography:"Prof. Erick Sperandio is the Lead Researcher and professor of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at SENAI CIMATEC, Bahia, Brazil, also working with Computational Modeling (CM) and HPC. He holds a PhD in Environmental Engineering in the area of Atmospheric Computational Modeling, a Master in Informatics in the field of Computational Intelligence and Graduated in Computer Science from UFES. He currently coordinates, leads and participates in R&D projects in the areas of AI, computational modeling and supercomputing applied to different areas such as Oil and Gas, Health, Advanced Manufacturing, Renewable Energies and Atmospheric Sciences, advising undergraduate, master's and doctoral students. He is the Lead Researcher at SENAI CIMATEC's Reference Center on Artificial Intelligence. In addition, he is a Certified Instructor and University Ambassador of the NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute (DLI) in the areas of Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing and Recommender Systems, and Principal Investigator of the NVIDIA/CIMATEC AI Joint Lab, the first in Latin America within the NVIDIA AI Technology Center (NVAITC) worldwide program. He also works as a researcher at the Supercomputing Center for Industrial Innovation (CS2i) and at the SENAI Institute of Innovation for Automation (ISI Automação), both from SENAI CIMATEC. He is a member and vice-coordinator of the Basic Board of Scientific-Technological Advice and Evaluation, in the area of Innovation, of the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB). He serves as Technology Transfer Coordinator and one of the Principal Investigators at the National Applied Research Center in Artificial Intelligence (CPA-IA) of SENAI CIMATEC, focusing on Industry, being one of the six CPA-IA in Brazil approved by MCTI / FAPESP / CGI.br. He also participates as one of the representatives of Brazil in the BRICS Innovation Collaboration Working Group on HPC, ICT and AI. He is the coordinator of the Work Group of the Axis 5 - Workforce and Training - of the Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (EBIA), and member of the MCTI/EMBRAPII AI Innovation Network Training Committee. He is the coordinator, by SENAI CIMATEC, of the Artificial Intelligence Reference Network of the State of Bahia (REDE BAH.IA). He leads the working group of experts representing Brazil in the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), on the theme \"AI and the Pandemic Response\".",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. Currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied Science, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. She taught so many courses of Mathematics of UG and PG level. Her research Area of Expertise is Functional Analysis & Sequence Spaces. She has been working on Ideal Convergence of double sequence. She has published 17 research papers in National and International Journals including Cogent Mathematics, Filomat, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Advances in Difference Equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Journal of Mathematical & Computer Science etc. She has also reviewed few research papers for the and international journals. She is a member of Indian Mathematical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"417317",title:"Mrs.",name:"Chiedza",middleName:null,surname:"Elvina Mashiri",slug:"chiedza-elvina-mashiri",fullName:"Chiedza Elvina Mashiri",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Midlands State University",country:{name:"Zimbabwe"}}},{id:"352140",title:"Dr.",name:"Edina",middleName:null,surname:"Chandiwana",slug:"edina-chandiwana",fullName:"Edina Chandiwana",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Midlands State University",country:{name:"Zimbabwe"}}},{id:"342259",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Leonard",middleName:null,surname:"Mushunje",slug:"leonard-mushunje",fullName:"Leonard Mushunje",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Midlands State University",country:{name:"Zimbabwe"}}},{id:"347042",title:"Mr.",name:"Maxwell",middleName:null,surname:"Mashasha",slug:"maxwell-mashasha",fullName:"Maxwell Mashasha",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Midlands State University",country:{name:"Zimbabwe"}}},{id:"2941",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto J.",middleName:"Jorge",surname:"Rosales-Silva",slug:"alberto-j.-rosales-silva",fullName:"Alberto J. Rosales-Silva",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"437913",title:"Dr.",name:"Guillermo",middleName:null,surname:"Urriolagoitia-Sosa",slug:"guillermo-urriolagoitia-sosa",fullName:"Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"435126",title:"Prof.",name:"Joaquim",middleName:null,surname:"José de Castro Ferreira",slug:"joaquim-jose-de-castro-ferreira",fullName:"Joaquim José de Castro Ferreira",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"437899",title:"MSc.",name:"Miguel Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Ángel Castillo-Martínez",slug:"miguel-angel-angel-castillo-martinez",fullName:"Miguel Angel Ángel Castillo-Martínez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"289955",title:"Dr.",name:"Raja",middleName:null,surname:"Kishor Duggirala",slug:"raja-kishor-duggirala",fullName:"Raja Kishor Duggirala",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad",country:{name:"India"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"3",type:"subseries",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",keywords:"Antibiotics, Biofilm, Antibiotic Resistance, Host-microbiota Relationship, Treatment, Diagnostic Tools",scope:"
\r\n\tThe era of antibiotics led us to the illusion that the problem of bacterial infection is over. However, bacterial flexibility and adaptation mechanisms allow them to survive and grow in extreme conditions. The best example is the formation of a sophisticated society of bacteria defined as a biofilm. Understanding the mechanism of bacterial biofilm formation has changed our perception of the development of bacterial infection but successfully eradicating biofilm remains a challenge. Considering the above, it is not surprising that bacteria remain a major public health threat despite the development of many groups of antibiotics. Additionally, increasing prevalence of acquired antibiotic resistance forces us to realize that we are far from controlling the development of bacterial infections. On the other hand, many infections are endogenous and result from an unbalanced relationship between the host and the microorganism. The increasing use of immunosuppressants, such as chemotherapy or organ transplantation, increases the incidence of patients highly susceptible to bacterial infections in the population.
\r\n
\r\n\tThis topic will focus on the current challenges and advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. We will discuss the host-microbiota relationship, the treatment of chronic infections due to biofilm formation, and the development of new diagnostic tools to rapidly distinguish between colonization and probable infection.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/3.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11399,editor:{id:"205604",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomas",middleName:null,surname:"Jarzembowski",slug:"tomas-jarzembowski",fullName:"Tomas Jarzembowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKriQAG/Profile_Picture_2022-06-16T11:01:31.jpg",biography:"Tomasz Jarzembowski was born in 1968 in Gdansk, Poland. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2000 from the Medical University of Gdańsk (UG). After specialization in clinical microbiology in 2003, he started studying biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance at the single-cell level. In 2015, he obtained his D.Sc. degree. His later study in cooperation with experts in nephrology and immunology resulted in the designation of the new diagnostic method of UTI, patented in 2017. He is currently working at the Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk (GUMed), Poland. Since many years, he is a member of steering committee of Gdańsk branch of Polish Society of Microbiologists, a member of ESCMID. He is also a reviewer and a member of editorial boards of a number of international journals.",institutionString:"Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland",institution:null},editorTwo:{id:"484980",title:"Dr.",name:"Katarzyna",middleName:null,surname:"Garbacz",slug:"katarzyna-garbacz",fullName:"Katarzyna Garbacz",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003St8TAQAZ/Profile_Picture_2022-07-07T09:45:16.jpg",biography:"Katarzyna Maria Garbacz, MD, is an Associate Professor at the Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland and she is head of the Department of Oral Microbiology of the Medical University of Gdańsk. She has published more than 50 scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals. She has been a project leader funded by the National Science Centre of Poland. Prof. Garbacz is a microbiologist working on applied and fundamental questions in microbial epidemiology and pathogenesis. Her research interest is in antibiotic resistance, host-pathogen interaction, and therapeutics development for staphylococcal pathogens, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, which causes hospital-acquired infections. Currently, her research is mostly focused on the study of oral pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus spp.",institutionString:"Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland",institution:null},editorThree:null,series:{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",issn:"2631-6188"},editorialBoard:[{id:"190041",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Gutierrez Fernandez",slug:"jose-gutierrez-fernandez",fullName:"Jose Gutierrez Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Granada",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"156556",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Mascellino",slug:"maria-teresa-mascellino",fullName:"Maria Teresa Mascellino",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/156556/images/system/156556.jpg",institutionString:"Sapienza University",institution:{name:"Sapienza University of Rome",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"164933",title:"Prof.",name:"Mónica Alexandra",middleName:null,surname:"Sousa Oleastro",slug:"monica-alexandra-sousa-oleastro",fullName:"Mónica Alexandra Sousa Oleastro",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/164933/images/system/164933.jpeg",institutionString:"National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge",institution:{name:"National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{id:"81321",title:"Velocity Planning via Model-Based Reinforcement Learning: Demonstrating Results on PILCO for One-Dimensional Linear Motion with Bounded Acceleration",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103690",signatures:"Hsuan-Cheng Liao, Han-Jung Chou and Jing-Sin Liu",slug:"velocity-planning-via-model-based-reinforcement-learning-demonstrating-results-on-pilco-for-one-dime",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Applied Intelligence - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11418.jpg",subseries:{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10843",title:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)",subtitle:"Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10843.jpg",slug:"persistent-organic-pollutants-pops-monitoring-impact-and-treatment",publishedDate:"April 13th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",hash:"f5b1589f0a990b6114fef2dadc735dd9",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) - Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",editors:[{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",middleName:null,surname:"Rashed",slug:"mohamed-nageeb-rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63465/images/system/63465.gif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Aswan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:91,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:333,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:144,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:124,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:23,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"10",title:"Animal Physiology",scope:"Physiology, the scientific study of functions and mechanisms of living systems, is an essential area of research in its own right, but also in relation to medicine and health sciences. The scope of this topic will range from molecular, biochemical, cellular, and physiological processes in all animal species. Work pertaining to the whole organism, organ systems, individual organs and tissues, cells, and biomolecules will be included. Medical, animal, cell, and comparative physiology and allied fields such as anatomy, histology, and pathology with physiology links will be covered in this topic. Physiology research may be linked to development, aging, environment, regular and pathological processes, adaptation and evolution, exercise, or several other factors affecting, or involved with, animal physiology.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/10.jpg",keywords:"Physiology, Comparative, Evolution, Biomolecules, Organ, Homeostasis, Anatomy, Pathology, Medical, Cell Division, Cell Signaling, Cell Growth, Cell Metabolism, Endocrine, Neuroscience, Cardiovascular, Development, Aging, Development"},{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology",scope:"
\r\n\tThe integration of tissues and organs throughout the mammalian body, as well as the expression, structure, and function of molecular and cellular components, is essential for modern physiology. The following concerns will be addressed in this Cell Physiology subject, which will consider all organ systems (e.g., brain, heart, lung, liver; gut, kidney, eye) and their interactions: (1) Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disease (2) Free Radicals (3) Tumor Metastasis (4) Antioxidants (5) Essential Fatty Acids (6) Melatonin and (7) Lipid Peroxidation Products and Aging Physiology.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/11.jpg",keywords:"Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disease, Free Radicals, Tumor Metastasis, Antioxidants, Essential Fatty Acids, Melatonin, Lipid Peroxidation Products and Aging Physiology"},{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology",scope:"Human physiology is the scientific exploration of the various functions (physical, biochemical, and mechanical properties) of humans, their organs, and their constituent cells. The endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Integration, which is the biological basis of physiology, is achieved through communication between the many overlapping functions of the human body's systems, which takes place through electrical and chemical means. Much of the basis of our knowledge of human physiology has been provided by animal experiments. Because of the close relationship between structure and function, studies in human physiology and anatomy seek to understand the mechanisms that help the human body function. The series on human physiology deals with the various mechanisms of interaction between the various organs, nerves, and cells in the human body.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/12.jpg",keywords:"Anatomy, Cells, Organs, Systems, Homeostasis, Functions"},{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology",scope:"Plant Physiology explores fundamental processes in plants, and it includes subtopics such as plant nutrition, plant hormone, photosynthesis, respiration, and plant stress. In recent years, emerging technologies such as multi-omics, high-throughput technologies, and genome editing tools could assist plant physiologists in unraveling molecular mechanisms in specific critical pathways. The global picture of physiological processes in plants needs to be investigated continually to increase our knowledge, and the resulting technologies will benefit sustainable agriculture.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/13.jpg",keywords:"Plant Nutrition, Plant Hormone, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Plant Stress, Multi-omics, High-throughput Technology, Genome Editing"}],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",issn:"2631-6188",scope:"This series will provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends in various Infectious Diseases (as per the most recent Baltimore classification). Topics will include general overviews of infections, immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, etiology, and current clinical recommendations for managing infectious diseases. Ongoing issues, recent advances, and future diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies will also be discussed. This book series will focus on various aspects and properties of infectious diseases whose deep understanding is essential for safeguarding the human race from losing resources and economies due to pathogens.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/6.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 16th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfPublishedChapters:124,numberOfPublishedBooks:13,editor:{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null},subseries:[{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",keywords:"Antibiotics, Biofilm, Antibiotic Resistance, Host-microbiota Relationship, Treatment, Diagnostic Tools",scope:"
\r\n\tThe era of antibiotics led us to the illusion that the problem of bacterial infection is over. However, bacterial flexibility and adaptation mechanisms allow them to survive and grow in extreme conditions. The best example is the formation of a sophisticated society of bacteria defined as a biofilm. Understanding the mechanism of bacterial biofilm formation has changed our perception of the development of bacterial infection but successfully eradicating biofilm remains a challenge. Considering the above, it is not surprising that bacteria remain a major public health threat despite the development of many groups of antibiotics. Additionally, increasing prevalence of acquired antibiotic resistance forces us to realize that we are far from controlling the development of bacterial infections. On the other hand, many infections are endogenous and result from an unbalanced relationship between the host and the microorganism. The increasing use of immunosuppressants, such as chemotherapy or organ transplantation, increases the incidence of patients highly susceptible to bacterial infections in the population.
\r\n
\r\n\tThis topic will focus on the current challenges and advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. We will discuss the host-microbiota relationship, the treatment of chronic infections due to biofilm formation, and the development of new diagnostic tools to rapidly distinguish between colonization and probable infection.
",annualVolume:11399,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/3.jpg",editor:{id:"205604",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomas",middleName:null,surname:"Jarzembowski",fullName:"Tomas Jarzembowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKriQAG/Profile_Picture_2022-06-16T11:01:31.jpg",institutionString:"Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland",institution:null},editorTwo:{id:"484980",title:"Dr.",name:"Katarzyna",middleName:null,surname:"Garbacz",fullName:"Katarzyna Garbacz",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003St8TAQAZ/Profile_Picture_2022-07-07T09:45:16.jpg",institutionString:"Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland",institution:null},editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"190041",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Gutierrez Fernandez",fullName:"Jose Gutierrez Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Granada",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"156556",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Mascellino",fullName:"Maria Teresa Mascellino",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/156556/images/system/156556.jpg",institutionString:"Sapienza University",institution:{name:"Sapienza University of Rome",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"164933",title:"Prof.",name:"Mónica Alexandra",middleName:null,surname:"Sousa Oleastro",fullName:"Mónica Alexandra Sousa Oleastro",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/164933/images/system/164933.jpeg",institutionString:"National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge",institution:{name:"National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}]},{id:"4",title:"Fungal Infectious Diseases",keywords:"Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Invasive Infections, Epidemiology, Cell Membrane, Fungal Virulence, Diagnosis, Treatment",scope:"Fungi are ubiquitous and there are almost no non-pathogenic fungi. Fungal infectious illness prevalence and prognosis are determined by the exposure between fungi and host, host immunological state, fungal virulence, and early and accurate diagnosis and treatment. \r\nPatients with both congenital and acquired immunodeficiency are more likely to be infected with opportunistic mycosis. Fungal infectious disease outbreaks are common during the post- disaster rebuilding era, which is characterised by high population density, migration, and poor health and medical conditions.\r\nSystemic or local fungal infection is mainly associated with the fungi directly inhaled or inoculated in the environment during the disaster. The most common fungal infection pathways are human to human (anthropophilic), animal to human (zoophilic), and environment to human (soilophile). Diseases are common as a result of widespread exposure to pathogenic fungus dispersed into the environment. \r\nFungi that are both common and emerging are intertwined. In Southeast Asia, for example, Talaromyces marneffei is an important pathogenic thermally dimorphic fungus that causes systemic mycosis. Widespread fungal infections with complicated and variable clinical manifestations, such as Candida auris infection resistant to several antifungal medicines, Covid-19 associated with Trichoderma, and terbinafine resistant dermatophytosis in India, are among the most serious disorders. \r\nInappropriate local or systemic use of glucocorticoids, as well as their immunosuppressive effects, may lead to changes in fungal infection spectrum and clinical characteristics. Hematogenous candidiasis is a worrisome issue that affects people all over the world, particularly ICU patients. CARD9 deficiency and fungal infection have been major issues in recent years. Invasive aspergillosis is associated with a significant death rate. Special attention should be given to endemic fungal infections, identification of important clinical fungal infections advanced in yeasts, filamentous fungal infections, skin mycobiome and fungal genomes, and immunity to fungal infections.\r\nIn addition, endemic fungal diseases or uncommon fungal infections caused by Mucor irregularis, dermatophytosis, Malassezia, cryptococcosis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidiosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, and other fungi, should be monitored. \r\nThis topic includes the research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of fungal infections, new methods of isolation and identification, rapid detection, drug sensitivity testing, new antifungal drugs, schemes and case series reports. It will provide significant opportunities and support for scientists, clinical doctors, mycologists, antifungal drug researchers, public health practitioners, and epidemiologists from all over the world to share new research, ideas and solutions to promote the development and progress of medical mycology.",annualVolume:11400,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/4.jpg",editor:{id:"174134",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuping",middleName:null,surname:"Ran",fullName:"Yuping Ran",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9d6QAC/Profile_Picture_1630330675373",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sichuan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"302145",title:"Dr.",name:"Felix",middleName:null,surname:"Bongomin",fullName:"Felix Bongomin",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/302145/images/system/302145.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gulu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Uganda"}}},{id:"45803",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Payam",middleName:null,surname:"Behzadi",fullName:"Payam Behzadi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/45803/images/system/45803.jpg",institutionString:"Islamic Azad University, Tehran",institution:{name:"Islamic Azad University, Tehran",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Iran"}}}]},{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",keywords:"Blood Borne Parasites, Intestinal Parasites, Protozoa, Helminths, Arthropods, Water Born Parasites, Epidemiology, Molecular Biology, Systematics, Genomics, Proteomics, Ecology",scope:"Parasitic diseases have evolved alongside their human hosts. In many cases, these diseases have adapted so well that they have developed efficient resilience methods in the human host and can live in the host for years. Others, particularly some blood parasites, can cause very acute diseases and are responsible for millions of deaths yearly. Many parasitic diseases are classified as neglected tropical diseases because they have received minimal funding over recent years and, in many cases, are under-reported despite the critical role they play in morbidity and mortality among human and animal hosts. The current topic, Parasitic Infectious Diseases, in the Infectious Diseases Series aims to publish studies on the systematics, epidemiology, molecular biology, genomics, pathogenesis, genetics, and clinical significance of parasitic diseases from blood borne to intestinal parasites as well as zoonotic parasites. We hope to cover all aspects of parasitic diseases to provide current and relevant research data on these very important diseases. In the current atmosphere of the Coronavirus pandemic, communities around the world, particularly those in different underdeveloped areas, are faced with the growing challenges of the high burden of parasitic diseases. At the same time, they are faced with the Covid-19 pandemic leading to what some authors have called potential syndemics that might worsen the outcome of such infections. Therefore, it is important to conduct studies that examine parasitic infections in the context of the coronavirus pandemic for the benefit of all communities to help foster more informed decisions for the betterment of human and animal health.",annualVolume:11401,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/5.jpg",editor:{id:"67907",title:"Dr.",name:"Amidou",middleName:null,surname:"Samie",fullName:"Amidou Samie",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/67907/images/system/67907.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Venda",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"188881",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando José",middleName:null,surname:"Andrade-Narváez",fullName:"Fernando José Andrade-Narváez",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRIV7QAO/Profile_Picture_1628834308121",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Yucatán",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"269120",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajeev",middleName:"K.",surname:"Tyagi",fullName:"Rajeev Tyagi",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRaBqQAK/Profile_Picture_1644331884726",institutionString:"CSIR - Institute of Microbial Technology, India",institution:null},{id:"336849",title:"Prof.",name:"Ricardo",middleName:null,surname:"Izurieta",fullName:"Ricardo Izurieta",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/293169/images/system/293169.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of South Florida",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases",keywords:"Novel Viruses, Virus Transmission, Virus Evolution, Molecular Virology, Control and Prevention, Virus-host Interaction",scope:"The Viral Infectious Diseases Book Series aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends and discoveries in various viral infectious diseases emerging around the globe. The emergence of any viral disease is hard to anticipate, which often contributes to death. A viral disease can be defined as an infectious disease that has recently appeared within a population or exists in nature with the rapid expansion of incident or geographic range. This series will focus on various crucial factors related to emerging viral infectious diseases, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, host immune response, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical recommendations for managing viral infectious diseases, highlighting the recent issues with future directions for effective therapeutic strategies.",annualVolume:11402,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/6.jpg",editor:{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"188773",title:"Prof.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:null,surname:"Drouet",fullName:"Emmanuel Drouet",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/188773/images/system/188773.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Grenoble Alpes University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"188219",title:"Prof.",name:"Imran",middleName:null,surname:"Shahid",fullName:"Imran Shahid",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/188219/images/system/188219.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Umm al-Qura University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"214235",title:"Dr.",name:"Lynn",middleName:"S.",surname:"Zijenah",fullName:"Lynn Zijenah",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSEJGQA4/Profile_Picture_1636699126852",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zimbabwe",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Zimbabwe"}}},{id:"178641",title:"Dr.",name:"Samuel Ikwaras",middleName:null,surname:"Okware",fullName:"Samuel Ikwaras Okware",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178641/images/system/178641.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Uganda Christian University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Uganda"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/23289",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"23289"},fullPath:"/chapters/23289",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()