Budgeting modalities.
\\n\\n
IntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\\n\\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\\n\\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\\n\\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\\n\\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\\n\\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\\n\\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\\n\\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\\n\\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"",originalUrl:"/media/original/237"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
After years of being acknowledged as the world's leading publisher of Open Access books, today, we are proud to announce we’ve successfully launched a portfolio of Open Science journals covering rapidly expanding areas of interdisciplinary research.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\n\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\n\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\n\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\n\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\n\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\n\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\n\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\n\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"7776",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Research Advances in Chaos Theory",title:"Research Advances in Chaos Theory",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"The subject of chaos has invaded practically every area of the natural sciences. Weather patterns are referred to as chaotic. There are chemical reactions and chaotic evolution of insect populations. Atomic and molecular physics have also seen the emergence of the study of chaos in these microscopic domains. This book examines the issue of chaos in nonlinear and dynamical systems, quantum mechanics, biology, and economics.",isbn:"978-1-78985-544-9",printIsbn:"978-1-78985-543-2",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-408-4",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77590",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"research-advances-in-chaos-theory",numberOfPages:136,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"e9646ec4b2bff873ce958ed4d5ad7248",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken",publishedDate:"March 11th 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7776.jpg",numberOfDownloads:4656,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:2,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:1,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:3,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 5th 2019",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"March 25th 2019",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"May 24th 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"August 12th 2019",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"October 11th 2019",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/92883/images/system/92883.jpg",biography:"Professor Paul Bracken is currently a Professor in the Department of Mathematics, at the University of Texas RGV in Edinburg, TX. He obtained his BSc degree from the University of Toronto and holds a Ph.D. from the University of Waterloo in Canada. His research interests include mathematical problems from the area of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, differential geometry, a study of partial differential equations as well as their overlap with other problems in physics. He has published more than 180 papers in journals and books and has given many talks at different levels over the years. This is the seventh volume he has worked on with IntechOpen publishers.",institutionString:"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"9",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"7",institution:{name:"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"966",title:"Dynamical Systems Theory",slug:"dynamical-systems-theory"}],chapters:[{id:"68637",title:"Introductory Chapter: Dynamical Symmetries and Quantum Chaos",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88551",slug:"introductory-chapter-dynamical-symmetries-and-quantum-chaos",totalDownloads:699,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Paul Bracken",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68637",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68637",authors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],corrections:null},{id:"67820",title:"Loop-like Solitons",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.86583",slug:"loop-like-solitons",totalDownloads:588,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The physical phenomena that take place in nature generally have complicated nonlinear features. A variety of methods for examining the properties and solutions of nonlinear evolution equations are explored by using the Vakhnenko equation (VE) as an example. One remarkable feature of the VE is that it possesses loop-like soliton solutions. Loop-like solitons are a class of interesting wave phenomena, which have been involved in some nonlinear systems. The VE can be written in an alternative form, known as the Vakhnenko-Parkes equation (VPE). The VPE can be written in Hirota bilinear form. The Hirota method not only gives the N-soliton solution but enables one to find a way from the Bäcklund transformation through the conservation laws and associated eigenvalue problem to the inverse scattering transform (IST) method. This method is the most appropriate way of tackling the initial value problem (Cauchy problem). The standard procedure for IST method is expanded for the case of multiple poles, specifically, for the double poles with a single pole. In recent papers some physical phenomena in optics and magnetism are satisfactorily described by means of the VE. The question of physical interpretation of multivalued (loop-like) solutions is still an open question.",signatures:"Vyacheslav O. Vakhnenko, E. John Parkes and Dmitri B. Vengrovich",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/67820",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/67820",authors:[{id:"296741",title:"D.Sc.",name:"Vyacheslav",surname:"Vakhnenko",slug:"vyacheslav-vakhnenko",fullName:"Vyacheslav Vakhnenko"},{id:"297430",title:"Dr.",name:"John",surname:"Parkes",slug:"john-parkes",fullName:"John Parkes"},{id:"297433",title:"Dr.",name:"Dmitri",surname:"Vengrovich",slug:"dmitri-vengrovich",fullName:"Dmitri Vengrovich"}],corrections:null},{id:"68059",title:"Complex Dynamical Behavior of a Bounded Rational Duopoly Game with Consumer Surplus",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.87200",slug:"complex-dynamical-behavior-of-a-bounded-rational-duopoly-game-with-consumer-surplus",totalDownloads:865,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In this chapter, we assume that two bounded rational firms not only pursue profit maximization but also take consumer surplus into account, so the objections of all the firms are combination of their profits and the consumer surplus. And then a dynamical duopoly Cournot model with bounded rationality is established. The existence and stability of the boundary equilibrium points and the Nash equilibrium of the model are discussed, respectively. And then the stability condition of the Nash equilibrium is given. The complex dynamical behavior of the system varies with parameters in the parameter space is studied by using the so-called 2D bifurcation diagram. The coexistence of multiple attractors is discussed through analyzing basins of attraction. It is found that not only two attractors can coexist, but also three or even four attractors may coexist in the established model. Then, the topological structure of basins of attraction and the global dynamics of the system are discussed through invertible map, critical curve and transverse Lyapunov exponent. At last, the synchronization phenomenon of the built model is studied.",signatures:"Wei Zhou and Tong Chu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68059",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68059",authors:[{id:"299554",title:"Dr.",name:"Wei",surname:"Zhou",slug:"wei-zhou",fullName:"Wei Zhou"},{id:"303076",title:"Dr.",name:"Tong",surname:"Chu",slug:"tong-chu",fullName:"Tong Chu"}],corrections:null},{id:"68754",title:"Nonlinear Dynamical Regimes and Control of Turbulence through the Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88053",slug:"nonlinear-dynamical-regimes-and-control-of-turbulence-through-the-complex-ginzburg-landau-equation",totalDownloads:621,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The dynamical behavior of pulse and traveling hole in a one-dimensional system depending on the boundary conditions, obeying the complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) equation, is studied numerically using parameters near a subcritical bifurcation. In a spatially extended system, the criterion of Benjamin-Feir-Newell (BFN) instability near the weakly inverted bifurcation is established, and many types of regimes such as laminar regime, spatiotemporal regime, defect turbulence regimes, and so on are observed. In finite system by using the homogeneous boundary conditions, two types of regimes are detected mainly the convective and the absolute instability. The convectively unstable regime appears below the threshold of the parameter control, and beyond, the absolute regime is observed. Controlling such regimes remains a great challenge; many methods such as the nonlinear diffusion parameter control are used. The unstable traveling hole in the one-dimensional cubic-quintic CGL equation may be effectively stabilized in the chaotic regime. In order to stabilize defect turbulence regimes, we use the global time-delay auto-synchronization control; we also use another method of control which consists in modifying the nonlinear diffusion term. Finally, we control the unstable regimes by adding the nonlinear gradient term to the system. We then notice that the chaotic system becomes stable under strong nonlinearity.",signatures:"Joël Bruno Gonpe Tafo, Laurent Nana, Conrad Bertrand Tabi and Timoléon Crépin Kofané",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68754",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68754",authors:[{id:"159260",title:"Dr.",name:"Kofane Timoléon",surname:"Crépin",slug:"kofane-timoleon-crepin",fullName:"Kofane Timoléon Crépin"},{id:"293382",title:"Prof.",name:"Tabi",surname:"Conrad Bertrand",slug:"tabi-conrad-bertrand",fullName:"Tabi Conrad Bertrand"},{id:"296959",title:"Dr.",name:"Joel Bruno",surname:"Gonpe Tafo",slug:"joel-bruno-gonpe-tafo",fullName:"Joel Bruno Gonpe Tafo"},{id:"296961",title:"Prof.",name:"Laurent",surname:"Nana",slug:"laurent-nana",fullName:"Laurent Nana"}],corrections:null},{id:"68587",title:"Ubiquitous Filtering for Nonlinear Problems",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88409",slug:"ubiquitous-filtering-for-nonlinear-problems",totalDownloads:604,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This chapter develops and extends the general theoretical results, previously published in the chapter “Nonlinear filtering of weak chaotic signals”, and presents detailed implementations of a computationally simple, robust (filtering fidelity almost insensitive to changes of the desired input signal properties) and rather precise approach for the filtering of weak signals of different physical nature (biological, seismic, voice, etc.) in presence of white Gaussian noise. The implementations rely on non-linear filtering techniques that in general can be considered as either one-moment or multi-moment, in the sense that they operate with a single sample (instantaneous fashion) or with various adjacent samples (non-instantaneous fashion). Chaotic modeling of the real input signals allows achieving an almost ubiquitous filtering approach with a computationally simple implementation. Application of the linearization strategies (for both one and two-moment filtering) provide, additionally, “invariance” of the processing algorithms to variations on the nature and statistics of the input signals.",signatures:"Valeri Kontorovich and Fernando Ramos-Alarcon",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68587",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68587",authors:[{id:"42898",title:"Prof.",name:"Valeri",surname:"Kontorovich",slug:"valeri-kontorovich",fullName:"Valeri Kontorovich"}],corrections:null},{id:"68375",title:"Chaos in Human Brain Phase Transition",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.86667",slug:"chaos-in-human-brain-phase-transition",totalDownloads:752,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"From a theoretical equation, modeling the dynamic of the time-dependent coefficients of the first and the second Karhunen-Loeve (KL) expansion of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) signal, chaotic phase transition has been studied in the human brain. Through numerical investigations, the bifurcation diagram and the dynamic of Lyapunov exponent have been plotted. These diagrams reveal that throughout the variation of the control parameter here the frequency of the acoustic stimulus, the brain bifurcates from chaotic states to periodic or to quasiperiodic one. Also a chaotic phase portrait of the KL modes and its corresponding Poincaré section have been plotted. The origin of chaos in the human brain could be due to the self-organizing processes of nonequilibrium phase transition occurring in the electrochemical physiological phenomena of the complex nerve cells and neural assembly. Besides, the occurrence of chaos in the absence of stimuli has been remarked and thought to be due to the fact that an intrinsic brain could be chaotic. Moreover it has been found that the range of frequency for which the brain is forced to behave periodically could be harmful to the thinking process.",signatures:"Mibaile Justin, Malwe Boudoue Hubert, Gambo Betchewe, Serge Yamigno Doka and Kofane Timoleon Crepin",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68375",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68375",authors:[{id:"295714",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Justin",surname:"Mibaile",slug:"justin-mibaile",fullName:"Justin Mibaile"},{id:"303306",title:"Dr.",name:"Hubert",surname:"Malwe",slug:"hubert-malwe",fullName:"Hubert Malwe"}],corrections:null},{id:"70670",title:"Global Indeterminacy and Invariant Manifolds Near Homoclinic Orbit to a Real Saddle",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90308",slug:"global-indeterminacy-and-invariant-manifolds-near-homoclinic-orbit-to-a-real-saddle",totalDownloads:527,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In this paper we investigate the dynamic properties of the Romer model. We determine the whole set of conditions which lead to global indeterminacy and the existence of a homoclinic orbit that converges in both forward and backward time to a real saddle equilibrium point. The dynamics near this homoclinic orbit have been investigated. The economic implications are discussed in the conclusions.",signatures:"Beatrice Venturi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70670",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70670",authors:[{id:"298359",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Beatrice",surname:"Venturi",slug:"beatrice-venturi",fullName:"Beatrice Venturi"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10413",title:"A Collection of Papers on Chaos Theory and Its Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900b71b164948830fec3d6254b7881f7",slug:"a-collection-of-papers-on-chaos-theory-and-its-applications",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken and Dimo I. 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Experience has shown that if the citizens of a country are not well educated and adequately trained, rapid economic and social development cannot be guaranteed. As we all know, universities are companies that produce and distribute public goods, which is knowledge. The production of knowledge in universities has always been focused on teaching, learning, and research so that university education is considered a large investment that requires a large number of economic resources, so the funds allocated to college education are called long-term investments. There are huge benefits for people and society.
Tikly [2] explored the education is often seen as a transformative role in the sustainable development policy agenda and sustainable development goals of the African continent. However, these assumptions are based on an insufficient critique of the historical role of education in supporting unsustainable development. This article critiques the relationship between African education policy and sustainable development as Africa’s position on non-colonial conditions, colonial heritage, and the modern globalization process. In educational policy, education plays a transformative role in sustainable development, and economic, cultural, and political changes must be considered fundamentally to facilitate social and environmental definitions. I insist that a more comprehensive process should be used.
Dibie and Dibie [3] explained the nature of public governance leadership, conflict, and economic development paralysis in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. He believes that ineffective political leadership and conflict will affect economic growth and poor social development. Servant leadership and democratic representation are ongoing development processes that can be achieved by participating in the development of the citizens themselves. The dynamics of development and participation at the national and grassroots level should include the exposure of government transformation agents to peace, participatory learning, and role models. This document uses data from primary and secondary sources to analyze issues such as political conflict, peace, leadership, and economic growth. The conceptual framework is structural conflict theory, negative and positive peace theory, frustration attack theory, and physiological theory is based on human desire theory and economic theory. The results of the study show that there is a negative correlation between authoritarian political leadership and economic growth in Africa. In many African countries, there is also a positive relationship between authoritarian political leadership and conflict. This article recommends internal and external mediation and peace education mechanisms to prevent conflicts from spreading or becoming avoidable crises. Therefore, the government, the private sector, and NGOs must work together to free citizens from the cultural and ethnic factors that enslaved them to restore justice and equality. Sub-Saharan African countries have established capacity-building work that can help promote changes in behavior, attitudes, peace, and humanistic paradigms, be peaceful and provide a basis for self-reliance and participation in sustainable development and it shared governance and inclusive democracy.
The United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development is halfway through its milestone. However, the overall impact on educational thinking and practice remains unknown in most parts of the world. Although there are some efforts and initiatives to promote and identify the role of education in the global pursuit of sustainable development, many of these efforts are not yet fully understood and are unknown in most communities around the world. In most of Africa, they can say that they have never seen or heard of a 10-year education for sustainable development. Most institutions, including schools, governments, businesses, civil society, and individuals, do not yet understand or understand the role of education in the pursuit of sustainable development. It argues that the decade has received all the attention in some circles, but this issue has been neglected in most of Africa’s education policies and practices. It calls for more attention to the role of education in sustainable development in Africa and revisits what sustainable development means to Africans elsewhere and in culture. Using this as a starting point, he demanded that he explore more meaningful education and philosophy to address the unique challenges of Africa [4].
Rose et al. [5] revealed outlines the main characteristics of educational research created by scholars in sub-Saharan Africa as outlined in the African Education Research Database. The database is compiled by at least one researcher in the region, classifies social science research that affects education policies and practices in sub-Saharan Africa, and publishes them in well-known journals. By specifically cataloging research conducted by researchers in sub-Saharan Africa, the African Education Research Database is a unique resource for education development research and policy in the region.
According to Assongu et al. [6] Information and communication technology department promoted inclusive education in 42 sub-Saharan African countries between 2004 and 2014. The relationship between inequality, information and communication technologies (ICT), and inclusive human education were investigated. The empirical evidence is based on the generalized law of moments. The following findings have been determined. First, the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index are 0.400 and 0.625, respectively, which are the positive impact of Internet penetration on inclusive education and exceed the income inequality threshold for inclusive education. Second, when the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson Palm index are 0.574, 0.676, and 9,000, respectively, they are the income inequality threshold, if they are exceeded; they do not have a positive impact on inclusive band subscription education and fixed width. As a key policy implication, ICT cannot exceed the threshold of inequality established to promote inclusive education in the sample countries. Other impacts will be discussed under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [6].
This paper combines a large-scale literature review of educational publications by researchers from sub-Saharan Africa and a description of researchers’ priorities and practices. According to the International Policy Statement (Sustainable Development Goals in Education and Agenda 2063 of the African Union), the 48 countries of the region are reviewing their research topics, key models, funding, and analysis of co-citations to qualify for increased academic participation. Furthermore, the evidence presented in this article challenges claims of excellence in research projects in North Sub-Saharan Africa [7].
This study confirms whether telecommunications infrastructure can promote economic growth in countries with good educational opportunities compared to countries with few educational opportunities. Using a panel of 45 countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 1993 to 2015, the estimated results of the two-step fixed-effects operation and the use of effective methods for the time being a widespread show that in countries with good educational opportunities, the Internet is promoting economic growth. While mobile phone screens do not do this. These results indicate that education is considered very important for the Internet, but it seems that it has nothing to do with the use of mobile phones [8].
Banya and Elu [9] studied World Bank and other contributor agency’s policy changes in the direction of financing of higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa. It concludes that policy vicissitudes have unfavorably affected these institutions. The suggestion is that the exclusive background of each state plays a role in higher education financial policy structure and completion.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the background of Nigeria’s education laws and policies and the implementation of youth education. The main focus is on university admissions policies and legislation, guiding case studies and the impact of education policies on young people’s education. This work was first published in the Ohio Education Law Yearbook in 2018. The author of this work has always been passionate about youth education in Nigeria, but it is currently declining due to the strictness of JAMB admissions. I am looking for a solution. The study uses qualitative and quantitative methods to solicit the opinion of educators and a small number of young people affected by the system. The qualitative approach provides information on the history of education policies introduced by the UK and the US in Africa but has not met the needs and expectations of the Nigerian community in the region [10]. Therefore, the Nigerian government decided to formulate its national policy to meet the educational needs of indigenous and Nigerian peoples. Through the use of quantitative and qualitative methods, we can analyze and draw conclusions that can improve the current policies implemented to streamline the Nigerian educational system. The fact that many young Nigerians study abroad shows that there is a high demand for education, which is why the government has taken steps to make it easier for young people to receive a university education [11].
Nigerian policy is inconsistent with the promotion of youth entrepreneurship in the state of Anambra, which will be a guide to becoming self-employed. Most young adults in Anambra lack information about the characteristics of businesses to become self-employed. The problems facing Anambra Province as a result of youth unemployment include rising crime rates, substance abuse, kidnapping, and suicide rates. In line with human capital theory, the purpose of this case study was to examine the entrepreneurial strategies required for young Anambra State youth to become self-employed after graduating from university. Twenty young entrepreneurs participated in individual interviews, and 5 participated in focus groups, with 5 policymakers participating in other individual interviews. The data were coded and analyzed using Yin’s five-step procedure, repeating the entire process of compiling, assembling, analyzing, disassembling, and displaying the theme three times. New topics were instruction, vocational training, and temporary programs. These results show that adolescents who participate in these programs (Mentorship, Vocational training, and Provisional) acquire entrepreneurial strategies over young people who do not and as a result run more profitable businesses. The researcher showed that. Positive social change implications are for college students with post-graduation hope, introducing vocational education to policymakers that can expand youth mentoring programs to increase employment rates and improve quality of life. Includes recommending the creation of an educational program for. University students can develop businesses that can lead to job creation and empower young entrepreneurs for the growth and development of the nation [12].
Sub-Saharan Africa’s financial system has weak support for long-term physical sector development. The bank financing plans of these economies promoted non-competitive market mechanisms, resulting in high-interest margins. The study applied descriptive research improved causality technique to test the dynamic relationship between private participation in infrastructure, interest rate differentials, and the quality of institutional supervision in four sub-Saharan African economies: Kenya, Mauritius, South Africa, and Nigeria. The results prove that private participation in infrastructure can lead to lower spreads. The study recommends that public-private partnerships invest in project implementation at a lower marginal cost [13].
Social responsibility is a participatory process in which citizens engage to hold politicians, policymakers, and public officials accountable for the services they provide. At the 15th regular meeting of the African Union, African leaders recognized the need for strong decentralized health programs that provide adaptive access to local politics, full social participation in the design and implementation of programs that connect civil society and private sector entities connected with Socio-cultural and administrative environment. Despite the growing use of social responsibility, the evidence on how it is being used in the healthcare sector is limited. The purpose of this systematic review was to characterize conditions that promote effective social responsibility in sub-Saharan Africa. We searched the electronic database for related papers published between 2000 and August 2017. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were vetted English-language publications describing social responsibility interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. Qualitative and quantitative study designs were eligible. 14 related studies were included in the review. The findings show that effective social responsibility interventions include leveraging partnerships and building alliances. It depends on the situation. Integrate the collection and analysis of data and information. Leader clearly defined roles, standards, and responsibilities. Meaningful civic engagement, Barriers to health care systems, corruption, fears of retaliation, and limited funding appear to be major challenges for effective socially responsible interventions. Although the Global Obligation Standard is an important guide, the successful implementation of global health efforts depends on national circumstances [14].
The fundamental basis of public financing for education is adequate knowledge and skills to improve the quality of life, and people acquire new technical knowledge to achieve reliable productivity and production capacity [15]. The development process must be capable. Nigerian public sector education funding is based on this concept. To perpetuate society, the new generation must be given the proper methods to acquire the knowledge accumulated by the previous generation. First, the University of Ibadan is the only university in the country and has provided sufficient funding in all aspects of education and research. The first-generation universities have established and maintained internationally recognized and respected standards, some of which have already received funding [16].
Over the past 30 years, Nigerian higher education enrollment has increased and there has been a significant increase in enrollment opportunities through the establishment of more educational institutions. However, unfortunately, many indicators that can guarantee the quality of higher education are not taken into account when seeking to achieve the country’s quantitative goals [17].
It has been observed that political factors, especially in the university system, are the main motivation behind many expansion policies [18]. Capital projects that met the actual expansion plan did not take off even if they were successful. Due to a lack of funds, I had to give up. According to Ogunode Niyi Jacob and Adah Samuel [19], due to the limited resources available, there is pressure to convene meetings, which leads to downward pressure on employee wages and deteriorating working conditions. Its effects include high-level “brain drain” among faculty and staff, relentless strikes, and resistance to student riots. All of these are aimed at affecting the quality of higher education in Nigeria. Ezeanolue et al. [20] assumes from a unique perspective that the secondary impact of reduced participation by higher education institutions (Nigerian universities) can be explained by a variety of mechanisms, including:
Reduced experiment/practical classes
Restricted access
Reduced participation in academic conferences,
Reduced purchase of library books, chemical products, and experimental basic equipment
New appointment freeze
Virtual prohibition of research funding and reduction of research funding
Also narrowed the scope of the strategy, losing the diversity of research and education in the central area
The risk of closing the current undemanding and expensive research (unprofitable)
down One step to losing autonomy mainly depends on external directors (financial support from a third party)
Internal unification and administrative expansion
The increased administrative burden due to costs and research and education
Due to increased competition, between universities, coordination (harmony) decreases.
Financing higher education in Nigeria is a major national issue today [21]. The current political and social factors that have a great impact on the global economy require diversification of educational sources, mainly due to dependence on sales sources, and educational development [22] may be inhibited. However, he emphasized these things because there are options to support higher formations;
Discovery of government occupants
Commercial organizations occasionally use private donations in the form of sponsors for specific purposes
Tuition and fees
Gifts, sponsorships, and promotions
Acceptance of investments
Assistance (company, license, parent-student association)
Research questions and activities
Exercise community, etc.
Advantages and Limitations:
In general, there are three (3) major ways to fund public higher education institutions in sub-Saharan Africa.
Government funding modality
Donor support modality; and
Cost-sharing modality
At least in the context of African higher education institutions, there are two general models for supporting higher education: the public model and the market-based model. All other types are organized in a continuum. The funding for the public model comes from the central government. This model allows individual agencies and government funds to be allocated according to the budget provided by the government and government policy priorities [23]. Higher education institutions can obtain: a) Unspecified amount of funds available for each institution, including lump-sum funds for research funds, education and institutional elements [23] and b) funds designated for specific purposes. These components vary by country.
Public universities continue to rely on government funding because they cannot generate internal financial resources through income diversification.
The loss of institutional autonomy and academic freedom and the government’s delay (sometimes insufficient) of the financial resources required for public universities and expenditures. Documentary evidence shows that there is a discrepancy between public university budget applications (approved by the council of each university) and government-approved budgets for public universities in Africa.
Due to the lack of government investment in R&D, donor support is the main alternative funding model for R&D in most African public universities. As mentioned above, despite the African Union Commission’s commitment to invest 1% of GDP in R&D activities, African governments invest less than 1% of GDP in R&D. The aid aspect of donors of financial aid for public higher education operates on a donor aid model, in which public universities in Africa are beneficiaries and funders of research and development activities are de facto donors, now called dossiers and politicians. “Partners for development”. The advantage of the donor support model is mainly to determine the research agenda of the donors (mainly northern universities and research institutions and universities) through unequal contacts and research cooperation, thus determining the research results or outcomes of the research of the African public universities. With its unique internationalization capabilities. A major limitation in donor support is the loss of institutional autonomy and ownership of the research agenda. Therefore, researchers in African public universities do not have research tasks or research results. The extension of the above restriction is that researchers from African public universities conduct self-censorship to obtain more research funds to buy portable cars, office air conditioners, overseas travel seminars, etc. It is important to improve the working conditions of researchers in public universities in Africa. It is usually related to improving research productivity, but it is funded by the African government [24].
This form is mainly implemented using government-funded student loan programs (public and private university students) and income diversification activities, which do not work in many mature African countries. Student loan programs cannot operate effectively because loan recipients refuse to repay loans (due to low loan recovery rates), especially due to the lack of transparency in identifying poor students and politicizing loan programs. According to anecdotal evidence, African politicians often use higher education student loan programs to set their political and populist agendas. The main assumption of the African higher education cost-sharing policy (implemented there) is that higher education is private property, creating more historical income for graduates and their families. Therefore, the cost is borne by the beneficiary [25].
If implemented carefully, the cost-sharing method of financing public higher education has great potential and can bring a lot of additional revenue to public universities. Institutional autonomy and academic freedom can also be increased by increasing fiscal autonomy. The limitations of the current method of cost-sharing for higher education funds implemented in African universities are as follows:
Universities tend to focus on income-generating activities that are considered profitable. The so-called commercialized evening academic courses, and
Misunderstandings about the strong resistance of African countries (students and parents) to “free social services” and the cost-sharing of higher education. In many African countries implementing higher education exchange, resistance to higher education sharing is one of the main reasons for the low loan recovery rate.
In this funding model, the allocation of resources to universities is based on past performance of certain teaching, learning, and research outcomes. For example, as part of NPM (New Public Management), such as student enrollment, graduate enrollment and graduation, and the number of research papers published in indexed journals, the public higher education system provides funding based on the performance. Strengthen institutional responsibilities and improve efficiency. In general, it is a coordination tool that improves the transparency and efficiency of public spending by linking it with quantifiable indicators that improve the quality of higher education [26].
In sub-Saharan Africa, performance-based college funding is effective South Africa. Based on research evidence, this model compares South African public universities with other public universities in Africa it’s relatively improved productivity.
The system focuses on the research results and productivity of public universities and public research institutions to improve the quantitative and qualitative research results of research results. The resources of this system are assigned to the best-performing public research institutions and universities [27].
The system is used as a central coordination mechanism adopted by most EU member states to improve the efficiency and results of public sector research systems and promote research excellence.
International aid to support higher education averages USD600 to USD800 million a year, representing a quarter of all international aid to the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa. This relatively low percentage reflects that most donors are now emphasizing the educational achievements of basic education development. In addition to a small amount of aid, two main factors limit the impact of aid. First, only 26% of support for higher education is transferred directly to African universities and research centers. The remainder will be paid through scholarships abroad or transferred directly to the donor students’ universities. Second, the lack of donor coordination is also very detailed. At the same time, aid further supports the entire education sector and is provided in the form of general or departmental budget support. This gives the government more flexibility in how it allocates its budget for education. However, in the event of economic or financial difficulties, aid to higher education may conflict with other priorities, be it poverty alleviation, food subsidies, or energy [28].
Cost-sharing is increasingly being incorporated into the financing strategy of the higher education sector and should include specific scholarships or loans to maintain or increase the chances of enrolling students from poor families. Effective student loan programs are possible in sub-Saharan Africa, but they require proper design and proper implementation. African student loans must be accompanied by other forms of financial assistance, including careful use of grants and tolerance for repayment and eventual forgiveness in the case of low lifetime income or other conditions, especially if there is real evidence that some people hate debt students.
According to budgeting modalities the decision to allocate investment budgets for higher education institutions is considered to be made through a fairly transparent and reasonable process. University campus construction is usually planned, prioritized, and expensive within the scope of the physical development plan approved by the educational institution. The following system monitoring agencies have compiled their own sub-sector investment key lists. However, investment allocation decisions may be subject to external influences and negotiations on behalf of the university authorities, because investment projects will not be affected by the pressure of the operating budget of the stakeholder group. For example, the problem is unlikely to occur when quietly and administratively replacing a highway resurfacing project with a university classroom construction project. Three relatively new investment fund allocation mechanisms (designated financing, performance contracts, and competitive funds) solve this problem by incorporating clearer and more transparent decision-making criteria (Table 1) [29].
Budgeting modality | Key feature | Requirements for data and technical expertise | Impact on sector performance |
---|---|---|---|
Historically based | Rewards concession skills | Minimal | Maintains position quo |
Effort based | Rewards development of inputs | Moderate | Encourages expansion |
Normative | Rewards loyalty to defined norms | Moderate | Encourages consistency |
Recital based | Rewards outcome accomplishments | Considerable | Encourages quality and significance |
Budgeting modalities.
This content is about the huge capacity of Nigeria, the African continent, especially the largest market on the African continent. It is not easy to establish a successful foundation on the African continent, but the African continent has a huge investment capacity that cannot be ignored. Especially in Nigeria, this commitment creates a test case for the African strategy of consumer goods companies. This is not only because of scale but also because of Nigerian culture that has been traded for nearly a century [30].
According to Africa’s engine of growth and GDP the attached picture, the growth momentum of Africa, especially Nigeria, is much greater than that of the United States. Not surprisingly, the annual rate of change in Africa is also higher than in the rest of the world. The graph shows that after Nigeria, future investment in new business opportunities may be concentrated on the African continent (Figure 1).
Africa’s engine of growth and GDP.
On the other hand, many problems are not solved currently in the continent with new opportunities. A shortage of electricity is one of the worst problems. Nigeria has one of the world’s highest rates of road deaths and the government only recently made lessons and tests mandatory for new drivers, not the existing drivers that had brought out many casualties. Back to the shortage of electricity and other resources, these inefficient supply chains inevitably increase the cost of doing business, and another problem about getting goods to customers is not adjusted fully in the current market. The high cost of construction and land disputes have disrupted the growth of formal retailing that made the fragmented market difficult to forecast sales. Therefore, it is more obvious to increase the cost of doing business due to the dispersed customers with inefficient supply chains.
The Federal Ministry of Education announced the temporary closure of all schools in Nigeria, effective March 23rd, in a bid to contain the spread of the COVID-19 [31]. The Learn from Home Program designed by the Ministry in April 2020 was focused on a small percentage of public secondary students leaving millions of students in public tertiary institutions stranded for over 3 months.
Inadequate funding has been identified as one of the main hindrances to growth in Nigeria’s public education sector [32]. According to Nigerian Bureau of statistics in Figure 2, at face value, it may appear that the education budget has relatively increased over the years; however, Figure 3 puts it into perspective.
Education budget vs total budget, 2011–2020. (Source: Nigerian Bureau of Statistics).
Nigeria’s education budget, 2011–2020. (Source: Nigerian Bureau of Statistics).
The main course behind this model is a highly educational interesting part of the products or consumer/beneficiary, so if it is mobilized through dialog and effective marketing strategy, stakeholders of high education products or the consumer/beneficiary consisting. Market models emphasize marketing principles and market-driven approximation injection to do it completely circulatory. The model also needs to convert the transformation of traditional or developed universities (General in Africa) into a company or University of public or private [33]. Stakeholders or consumers of higher education products in the context of market models are: can contribute to higher education costs, such as the privatization of higher education institutions, sales, patent sales, and patent sales [34]. Research products -The contribution to the education costs of students/parents are due at a cost-sharing. Government agencies provide basic university funds through direct picking to public universities and provide higher education taxes [35]. Private sector: This is the possible use of graduates, the development of capital, the sponsorship of the students, the financing of the president of the professor, the financing of the investigation of contracts and the specialized research, and the financing of professional development (For example, it can contribute to the possible educational costs of the External Donor’s Office and Meetings, it offers direct subsidies to higher education institutions, teachers, schools and investigators [36]. Financial institutions can provide funds for higher education through the payment of registration and other expenses related to educational loans. Graduates indirectly provide direct donations and gifts to higher education institutions to establish donations and trust funds. The donations of graduates and gifts are one of the sources of traditional income for Universe Solids in the United States, but unfortunately, it is not adopted by the institutions of African Higher Education, except public universities in South Africa.
In the context of establishing a vibrant and strong higher education subsector that can effectively promote the socio-economic and technological development of Africa in the 21st century, the current methods of funding public higher education are unsustainable (some have failed). Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide alternative funding for higher education. The proposed funding model for higher education has been tested in other countries around the world and proved to be successful. Take a look, there is no reason to doubt its success in Africa. In 2000, the Dakar World Education Forum promised that countries with reliable plans could not achieve the goal of education for all due to a lack of external funding. The most recent report reiterated this commitment, but now a new explanation is needed. This commitment can be seen as a truly altruistic gesture, increasing the scholarship to the level required for all children to enroll. It can also be seen as part of the neoliberal ambition to globalize contingent loan management as a means for financial institutions to maintain their influence and control over investment in education. Whatever the motivation for, it’s time to re-examine whether these promises have been made and are fit for purpose 20 years from now. Some forecasts based on the promotion of education grants are feasible, or plans have been made that are more reliable than sustainable plans. External support for investment in education can be a catalyst and should be increased. However, the number of domestic imports and political will cannot exceed the level that can be maintained until 2030 and beyond. Higher levels of debt, directly or indirectly supported by public funds in the future, are not conducive to sustainable investment in education.
If an appropriate allocation decision is made, raise its funds for development to maintain the ambition of most African governments to become financial entities shortly and support public products such as national education. The problem of the financial gap in Wuyuehu’s education has changed from an absolute lack of internal taxation to an investment in a modern taxation system, solving the problems of imbalanced distribution and low mobilization efficiency, and increasing the conversion rate through investment. This is the challenge of aid in providing support, which is a self-sustaining catalyst for change.
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Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"298",title:"Biological Science",slug:"biological-science",parent:{id:"25",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",slug:"veterinary-medicine-and-science"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:74,numberOfWosCitations:88,numberOfCrossrefCitations:47,numberOfDimensionsCitations:157,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"298",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"6474",title:"Recent Advances in Zebrafish Researches",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"836dbbee4a96eb36019bdf8d0a93cd24",slug:"recent-advances-in-zebrafish-researches",bookSignature:"Yusuf Bozkurt",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6474.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"90846",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Bozkurt",slug:"yusuf-bozkurt",fullName:"Yusuf Bozkurt"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3193",title:"New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e209309842f4b95a9cdc39c29b82f12",slug:"new-advances-and-contributions-to-fish-biology",bookSignature:"Hakan Türker",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3193.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"152264",title:"Prof.",name:"Hakan",middleName:null,surname:"Turker",slug:"hakan-turker",fullName:"Hakan Turker"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"41563",doi:"10.5772/53504",title:"Fish Cytokines and Immune Response",slug:"fish-cytokines-and-immune-response",totalDownloads:5518,totalCrossrefCites:19,totalDimensionsCites:58,abstract:null,book:{id:"3193",slug:"new-advances-and-contributions-to-fish-biology",title:"New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology",fullTitle:"New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology"},signatures:"Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa, Kevin Maisey, Felipe Reyes-López, Daniela Toro-Ascuy, Ana María Sandino and Mónica Imarai",authors:[{id:"92841",title:"Dr.",name:"Mónica",middleName:null,surname:"Imarai",slug:"monica-imarai",fullName:"Mónica Imarai"},{id:"153780",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Reyes-Cerpa",slug:"sebastian-reyes-cerpa",fullName:"Sebastian Reyes-Cerpa"},{id:"157025",title:"Dr.",name:"Kevin",middleName:null,surname:"Maisey",slug:"kevin-maisey",fullName:"Kevin Maisey"},{id:"157026",title:"Dr.",name:"Felipe",middleName:"Esteban",surname:"Reyes-López",slug:"felipe-reyes-lopez",fullName:"Felipe Reyes-López"},{id:"157027",title:"MSc.",name:"Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Toro-Ascuy",slug:"daniela-toro-ascuy",fullName:"Daniela Toro-Ascuy"},{id:"157028",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"Sandino",slug:"ana-sandino",fullName:"Ana Sandino"}]},{id:"41576",doi:"10.5772/54133",title:"Ontogenetic Dietary Shifts in a Predatory Freshwater Fish Species: The Brown Trout as an Example of a Dynamic Fish Species",slug:"ontogenetic-dietary-shifts-in-predatory-freshwater-fish-species-the-brown-trout-as-an-example-of-a-d",totalDownloads:2608,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:22,abstract:null,book:{id:"3193",slug:"new-advances-and-contributions-to-fish-biology",title:"New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology",fullTitle:"New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology"},signatures:"Javier Sánchez-Hernández, María J. Servia, Rufino Vieira-Lanero and Fernando Cobo",authors:[{id:"154559",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Sánchez-Hernández",slug:"javier-sanchez-hernandez",fullName:"Javier Sánchez-Hernández"},{id:"156457",title:"Dr.",name:"María J.",middleName:null,surname:"Servia",slug:"maria-j.-servia",fullName:"María J. 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F. Rivas, Caroline Pereira Campos, Igor Sant’Ana, James Randall Kahn, Maria Angélica de Almeida Correa and Michel Fabiano Catarino",authors:[{id:"154232",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Freitas",slug:"carlos-freitas",fullName:"Carlos Freitas"},{id:"156594",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexandre",middleName:null,surname:"Rivas",slug:"alexandre-rivas",fullName:"Alexandre Rivas"},{id:"156596",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Caroline",middleName:null,surname:"Campos",slug:"caroline-campos",fullName:"Caroline Campos"},{id:"156597",title:"MSc.",name:"Igor",middleName:null,surname:"Rechetnicow",slug:"igor-rechetnicow",fullName:"Igor Rechetnicow"},{id:"156598",title:"Prof.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Kahn",slug:"james-kahn",fullName:"James Kahn"},{id:"156600",title:"MSc.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Correa",slug:"maria-correa",fullName:"Maria Correa"},{id:"156601",title:"MSc.",name:"Michel",middleName:null,surname:"Catarino",slug:"michel-catarino",fullName:"Michel Catarino"}]},{id:"41564",doi:"10.5772/53505",title:"Cytokine Regulation of Teleost Inflammatory Responses",slug:"cytokine-regulation-of-teleost-inflammatory-responses",totalDownloads:2402,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:9,abstract:null,book:{id:"3193",slug:"new-advances-and-contributions-to-fish-biology",title:"New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology",fullTitle:"New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology"},signatures:"Leon Grayfer and Miodrag Belosevic",authors:[{id:"154146",title:"Distinguished Prof.",name:"Miodrag",middleName:null,surname:"Belosevic",slug:"miodrag-belosevic",fullName:"Miodrag Belosevic"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"59807",title:"Zebrafish or Danio rerio: A New Model in Nanotoxicology Study",slug:"zebrafish-or-danio-rerio-a-new-model-in-nanotoxicology-study",totalDownloads:1318,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:"Nanotoxicology represents a new research area in toxicology that allows to evaluate the toxicological properties of nanoparticles in order to determine whether and to what extent they represent an environmental threat. Behavior, fate, transport, and toxicity of nanoparticles are influenced to their particular properties and of several environmental factors. The mechanisms underlying the toxicity of nanomaterials have recently been studied specially in aquatic organisms. In particular, in recent years, the use of Danio rerio or zebrafish as an animal model system for nanoparticle toxicity assay increased exponentially. In this review, we compare the recent researches employing zebrafish, adults or embryos, for different nanoparticles’ toxicity assessment.",book:{id:"6474",slug:"recent-advances-in-zebrafish-researches",title:"Recent Advances in Zebrafish Researches",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Zebrafish Researches"},signatures:"Maria Violetta Brundo and Antonio Salvaggio",authors:[{id:"225306",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Violetta",middleName:null,surname:"Brundo",slug:"maria-violetta-brundo",fullName:"Maria Violetta Brundo"},{id:"225508",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Salvaggio",slug:"antonio-salvaggio",fullName:"Antonio Salvaggio"}]},{id:"61014",title:"Zebrafish Aging Models and Possible Interventions",slug:"zebrafish-aging-models-and-possible-interventions",totalDownloads:1279,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:"Across the world, the aging population is expanding due to an increasing average life expectancy. The percentage of elderly over the age of 65 is expected to be more than 15% of the total world population by 2025. As the lifespan increases, there will be a need for maintaining a healthy state for these individuals. Our current knowledge on types and durations of potential anti-aging therapies is quite limited. Recently the zebrafish has emerged as a promising model for understanding the cognitive and neurobiological changes during aging, as well as its use with potential anti-aging interventions. Like humans this model organism ages gradually, displays similar behavioral properties and social characteristics, and in addition, there is a wealth of molecular and genetic tools to uncover the cellular mechanism that contribute to age-related cognitive declines. Drug effect and toxicity can be easily tested in the zebrafish. Therefore, this animal model can provide information about potential therapies that could be translated directly into human populations or provide a more focused treatment direction for testing in other mammalian animal models. The zebrafish will be a powerful tool for uncovering the mysteries of the aging brain.",book:{id:"6474",slug:"recent-advances-in-zebrafish-researches",title:"Recent Advances in Zebrafish Researches",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Zebrafish Researches"},signatures:"Dilan Celebi-Birand, Begun Erbaba, Ahmet Tugrul Ozdemir, Hulusi\nKafaligonul and Michelle Adams",authors:[{id:"223775",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Michelle",middleName:null,surname:"Adams",slug:"michelle-adams",fullName:"Michelle Adams"},{id:"224816",title:"BSc.",name:"Ergul Dilan",middleName:null,surname:"Celebi-Birand",slug:"ergul-dilan-celebi-birand",fullName:"Ergul Dilan Celebi-Birand"},{id:"224817",title:"MSc.",name:"Begun",middleName:null,surname:"Erbaba",slug:"begun-erbaba",fullName:"Begun Erbaba"},{id:"224819",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Ahmet Tugrul",middleName:null,surname:"Ozdemir",slug:"ahmet-tugrul-ozdemir",fullName:"Ahmet Tugrul Ozdemir"},{id:"224823",title:"Dr.",name:"Hulusi",middleName:null,surname:"Kafaligonul",slug:"hulusi-kafaligonul",fullName:"Hulusi Kafaligonul"}]},{id:"59711",title:"The Role of PSR in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) at Early Embryonic Development",slug:"the-role-of-psr-in-zebrafish-danio-rerio-at-early-embryonic-development",totalDownloads:1144,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"During development, the role of the phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) in the professional removal of apoptotic cells that have died is few understood. Programmed cell death (PCD) began during the shield stage (5.4 hpf), with dead cells being engulfed by a neighboring cell that showed a normal-looking nucleus and the nuclear condensation multi-micronuclei of an apoptotic cell. Recently, in the zebrafish model system, PS receptor played a new role on corpse cellular cleaning for further normal development during early embryonic development, which also correlated with tissues’ or organs’ complete development and organogenesis. In the present, we summary new story that a transcriptional factor, YY1a, in the upstream of PSR is how to regulate PS receptor expression that linked to function of PSR-phagocyte mediated apoptotic cell engulfment during development, especially the development of organs such as the brain and heart. YY1a/PSR-mediated engulfing system may involve in diseases and therapy. This engulfing system may provide new insight into phosphatidylserine receptor how to dynamitic interaction with apoptotic cell during priming programmed cell death.",book:{id:"6474",slug:"recent-advances-in-zebrafish-researches",title:"Recent Advances in Zebrafish Researches",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Zebrafish Researches"},signatures:"Wan-Lun Taung, Jen-Leih Wu and Jiann-Ruey Hong",authors:[{id:"66487",title:"Prof.",name:"Jiann",middleName:"Ruey",surname:"Hong",slug:"jiann-hong",fullName:"Jiann Hong"}]},{id:"60880",title:"Transient-Receptor Potential (TRP) and Acid-Sensing Ion Channels (ASICs) in the Sensory Organs of Adult Zebrafish",slug:"transient-receptor-potential-trp-and-acid-sensing-ion-channels-asics-in-the-sensory-organs-of-adult-",totalDownloads:1204,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:"Sensory information from the aquatic environment is required for life and survival of zebrafish. Changes in the environment are detected by specialized sensory cells that convert different types of stimuli into electric energy, thus originating an organ-specific transduction. Ion channels are at the basis of each sensory modality and are responsible or are required for detecting thermal, chemical, or mechanical stimuli but also for more complex sensory processes as hearing, olfaction, taste, or vision. The capacity of the sensory cells to preferentially detect a specific stimulus is the result of a characteristic combination of different ion channels. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the occurrence and localization of ion channels in sensory organs of zebrafish belonging to the superfamilies of transient-receptor potential and acid-sensing ion channels that are involved in different qualities of sensibility superfamilies in the sensory organs of zebrafish. This animal model is currently used to study some human pathologies in which ion channels are involved. 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Chatterjee Memorial Research Prize-2019” and he is also the recipient of 'Dr.Raja Ramanna State Scientist Award 2015” by Government of Karnataka. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB), London and Honorary Fellow of Karnataka Science and Technology Academy, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka.",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University), India",institution:null},{id:"243660",title:"Dr.",name:"Mallanagouda Shivanagouda",middleName:null,surname:"Biradar",slug:"mallanagouda-shivanagouda-biradar",fullName:"Mallanagouda Shivanagouda Biradar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243660/images/system/243660.jpeg",biography:"M. S. Biradar is Vice Chancellor and Professor of Medicine of\nBLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India.\nHe obtained his MD with a gold medal in General Medicine and\nhas devoted himself to medical teaching, research, and administrations. He has also immensely contributed to medical research\non vascular medicine, which is reflected by his numerous publications including books and book chapters. Professor Biradar was\nalso Visiting Professor at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University)",institution:{name:"BLDE University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"289796",title:"Dr.",name:"Swastika",middleName:null,surname:"Das",slug:"swastika-das",fullName:"Swastika Das",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/289796/images/system/289796.jpeg",biography:"Swastika N. Das is Professor of Chemistry at the V. P. Dr. P. G.\nHalakatti College of Engineering and Technology, BLDE (Deemed\nto be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India. She obtained an\nMSc, MPhil, and PhD in Chemistry from Sambalpur University,\nOdisha, India. Her areas of research interest are medicinal chemistry, chemical kinetics, and free radical chemistry. She is a member\nof the investigators who invented a new modified method of estimation of serum vitamin E. She has authored numerous publications including book\nchapters and is a mentor of doctoral curriculum at her university.",institutionString:"BLDEA’s V.P.Dr.P.G.Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology",institution:{name:"BLDE University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"248459",title:"Dr.",name:"Akikazu",middleName:null,surname:"Takada",slug:"akikazu-takada",fullName:"Akikazu Takada",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248459/images/system/248459.png",biography:"Akikazu Takada was born in Japan, 1935. After graduation from\nKeio University School of Medicine and finishing his post-graduate studies, he worked at Roswell Park Memorial Institute NY,\nUSA. He then took a professorship at Hamamatsu University\nSchool of Medicine. In thrombosis studies, he found the SK\npotentiator that enhances plasminogen activation by streptokinase. He is very much interested in simultaneous measurements\nof fatty acids, amino acids, and tryptophan degradation products. By using fatty\nacid analyses, he indicated that plasma levels of trans-fatty acids of old men were\nfar higher in the US than Japanese men. . He also showed that eicosapentaenoic acid\n(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels are higher, and arachidonic acid\nlevels are lower in Japanese than US people. By using simultaneous LC/MS analyses\nof plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites, he recently found that plasma levels of\nserotonin, kynurenine, or 5-HIAA were higher in patients of mono- and bipolar\ndepression, which are significantly different from observations reported before. In\nview of recent reports that plasma tryptophan metabolites are mainly produced by\nmicrobiota. He is now working on the relationships between microbiota and depression or autism.",institutionString:"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine",institution:{name:"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"137240",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"mohammed-khalid",fullName:"Mohammed Khalid",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/137240/images/system/137240.png",biography:"Mohammed Khalid received his B.S. degree in chemistry in 2000 and Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry in 2007 from the University of Khartoum, Sudan. He moved to School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia in 2009 and joined Dr. Ron Clarke as a postdoctoral fellow where he worked on the interaction of ATP with the phosphoenzyme of the Na+/K+-ATPase and dual mechanisms of allosteric acceleration of the Na+/K+-ATPase by ATP; then he went back to Department of Chemistry, University of Khartoum as an assistant professor, and in 2014 he was promoted as an associate professor. In 2011, he joined the staff of Department of Chemistry at Taif University, Saudi Arabia, where he is currently an assistant professor. His research interests include the following: P-Type ATPase enzyme kinetics and mechanisms, kinetics and mechanisms of redox reactions, autocatalytic reactions, computational enzyme kinetics, allosteric acceleration of P-type ATPases by ATP, exploring of allosteric sites of ATPases, and interaction of ATP with ATPases located in cell membranes.",institutionString:"Taif University",institution:{name:"Taif University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"63810",title:"Prof.",name:"Jorge",middleName:null,surname:"Morales-Montor",slug:"jorge-morales-montor",fullName:"Jorge Morales-Montor",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63810/images/system/63810.png",biography:"Dr. Jorge Morales-Montor was recognized with the Lola and Igo Flisser PUIS Award for best graduate thesis at the national level in the field of parasitology. He received a fellowship from the Fogarty Foundation to perform postdoctoral research stay at the University of Georgia. He has 153 journal articles to his credit. He has also edited several books and published more than fifty-five book chapters. He is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, Latin American Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Medicine. He has received more than thirty-five awards and has supervised numerous bachelor’s, master’s, and Ph.D. students. Dr. Morales-Montor is the past president of the Mexican Society of Parasitology.",institutionString:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"217215",title:"Dr.",name:"Palash",middleName:null,surname:"Mandal",slug:"palash-mandal",fullName:"Palash Mandal",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217215/images/system/217215.jpeg",biography:null,institutionString:"Charusat University",institution:null},{id:"49739",title:"Dr.",name:"Leszek",middleName:null,surname:"Szablewski",slug:"leszek-szablewski",fullName:"Leszek Szablewski",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49739/images/system/49739.jpg",biography:"Leszek Szablewski is a professor of medical sciences. He received his M.S. in the Faculty of Biology from the University of Warsaw and his PhD degree from the Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences. He habilitated in the Medical University of Warsaw, and he obtained his degree of Professor from the President of Poland. Professor Szablewski is the Head of Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw. Professor Szablewski has published over 80 peer-reviewed papers in journals such as Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Reviews of Cancer, Biol. Chem., J. Biomed. Sci., and Diabetes/Metabol. Res. Rev, Endocrine. He is the author of two books and four book chapters. He has edited four books, written 15 scripts for students, is the ad hoc reviewer of over 30 peer-reviewed journals, and editorial member of peer-reviewed journals. Prof. Szablewski’s research focuses on cell physiology, genetics, and pathophysiology. He works on the damage caused by lack of glucose homeostasis and changes in the expression and/or function of glucose transporters due to various diseases. He has given lectures, seminars, and exercises for students at the Medical University.",institutionString:"Medical University of Warsaw",institution:{name:"Medical University of Warsaw",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"173123",title:"Dr.",name:"Maitham",middleName:null,surname:"Khajah",slug:"maitham-khajah",fullName:"Maitham Khajah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/173123/images/system/173123.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Maitham A. Khajah received his degree in Pharmacy from Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, in 2003 and obtained his PhD degree in December 2009 from the University of Calgary, Canada (Gastrointestinal Science and Immunology). Since January 2010 he has been assistant professor in Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. His research interest are molecular targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the mechanisms responsible for immune cell chemotaxis. He cosupervised many students for the MSc Molecular Biology Program, College of Graduate Studies, Kuwait University. Ever since joining Kuwait University in 2010, he got various grants as PI and Co-I. He was awarded the Best Young Researcher Award by Kuwait University, Research Sector, for the Year 2013–2014. He was a member in the organizing committee for three conferences organized by Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, as cochair and a member in the scientific committee (the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Kuwait International Pharmacy Conference).",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},{id:"195136",title:"Dr.",name:"Aya",middleName:null,surname:"Adel",slug:"aya-adel",fullName:"Aya Adel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195136/images/system/195136.jpg",biography:"Dr. Adel works as an Assistant Lecturer in the unit of Phoniatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. Dr. Adel is especially interested in joint attention and its impairment in autism spectrum disorder",institutionString:"Ain Shams University",institution:{name:"Ain Shams University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"94911",title:"Dr.",name:"Boulenouar",middleName:null,surname:"Mesraoua",slug:"boulenouar-mesraoua",fullName:"Boulenouar Mesraoua",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94911/images/system/94911.png",biography:"Dr Boulenouar Mesraoua is the Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology at Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar and a Consultant Neurologist at Hamad Medical Corporation at the Neuroscience Department; He graduated as a Medical Doctor from the University of Oran, Algeria; he then moved to Belgium, the City of Liege, for a Residency in Internal Medicine and Neurology at Liege University; after getting the Belgian Board of Neurology (with high marks), he went to the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom for a fellowship in Clinical Neurophysiology, under Pr Willison ; Dr Mesraoua had also further training in Epilepsy and Continuous EEG Monitoring for two years (from 2001-2003) in the Neurophysiology department of Zurich University, Switzerland, under late Pr Hans Gregor Wieser ,an internationally known epileptologist expert. \n\nDr B. Mesraoua is the Director of the Neurology Fellowship Program at the Neurology Section and an active member of the newly created Comprehensive Epilepsy Program at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar; he is also Assistant Director of the Residency Program at the Qatar Medical School. \nDr B. Mesraoua's main interests are Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Clinical Neurology; He is the Chairman and the Organizer of the well known Qatar Epilepsy Symposium, he is running yearly for the past 14 years and which is considered a landmark in the Gulf region; He has also started last year , together with other epileptologists from Qatar, the region and elsewhere, a yearly International Epilepsy School Course, which was attended by many neurologists from the Area.\n\nInternationally, Dr Mesraoua is an active and elected member of the Commission on Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR ) , a regional branch of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), where he represents the Middle East and North Africa(MENA ) and where he holds the position of chief of the Epilepsy Epidemiology Section; Dr Mesraoua is a member of the American Academy of Neurology, the Europeen Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society.\n\nDr Mesraoua's main objectives are to encourage frequent gathering of the epileptologists/neurologists from the MENA region and the rest of the world, promote Epilepsy Teaching in the MENA Region, and encourage multicenter studies involving neurologists and epileptologists in the MENA region, particularly epilepsy epidemiological studies. \n\nDr. Mesraoua is the recipient of two research Grants, as the Lead Principal Investigator (750.000 USD and 250.000 USD) from the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) and the Hamad Hospital Internal Research Grant (IRGC), on the following topics : “Continuous EEG Monitoring in the ICU “ and on “Alpha-lactoalbumin , proof of concept in the treatment of epilepsy” .Dr Mesraoua is a reviewer for the journal \"seizures\" (Europeen Epilepsy Journal ) as well as dove journals ; Dr Mesraoua is the author and co-author of many peer reviewed publications and four book chapters in the field of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurology",institutionString:"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar",institution:{name:"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar",country:{name:"Qatar"}}},{id:"282429",title:"Prof.",name:"Covanis",middleName:null,surname:"Athanasios",slug:"covanis-athanasios",fullName:"Covanis Athanasios",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/282429/images/system/282429.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:"Neurology-Neurophysiology Department of the Children Hospital Agia Sophia",institution:null},{id:"190980",title:"Prof.",name:"Marwa",middleName:null,surname:"Mahmoud Saleh",slug:"marwa-mahmoud-saleh",fullName:"Marwa Mahmoud Saleh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/190980/images/system/190980.jpg",biography:"Professor Marwa Mahmoud Saleh is a doctor of medicine and currently works in the unit of Phoniatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. She got her doctoral degree in 1991 and her doctoral thesis was accomplished in the University of Iowa, United States. Her publications covered a multitude of topics as videokymography, cochlear implants, stuttering, and dysphagia. She has lectured Egyptian phonology for many years. Her recent research interest is joint attention in autism.",institutionString:"Ain Shams University",institution:{name:"Ain Shams University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"259190",title:"Dr.",name:"Syed Ali Raza",middleName:null,surname:"Naqvi",slug:"syed-ali-raza-naqvi",fullName:"Syed Ali Raza Naqvi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259190/images/system/259190.png",biography:"Dr. Naqvi is a radioanalytical chemist and is working as an associate professor of analytical chemistry in the Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Advance separation techniques, nuclear analytical techniques and radiopharmaceutical analysis are the main courses that he is teaching to graduate and post-graduate students. In the research area, he is focusing on the development of organic- and biomolecule-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy of infectious and cancerous diseases. Under the supervision of Dr. Naqvi, three students have completed their Ph.D. degrees and 41 students have completed their MS degrees. He has completed three research projects and is currently working on 2 projects entitled “Radiolabeling of fluoroquinolone derivatives for the diagnosis of deep-seated bacterial infections” and “Radiolabeled minigastrin peptides for diagnosis and therapy of NETs”. He has published about 100 research articles in international reputed journals and 7 book chapters. Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH) Islamabad, Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINM), Faisalabad and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology (INOR) Abbottabad are the main collaborating institutes.",institutionString:"Government College University",institution:{name:"Government College University, Faisalabad",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"58390",title:"Dr.",name:"Gyula",middleName:null,surname:"Mozsik",slug:"gyula-mozsik",fullName:"Gyula Mozsik",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/58390/images/system/58390.png",biography:"Gyula Mózsik MD, Ph.D., ScD (med), is an emeritus professor of Medicine at the First Department of Medicine, Univesity of Pécs, Hungary. He was head of this department from 1993 to 2003. His specializations are medicine, gastroenterology, clinical pharmacology, clinical nutrition, and dietetics. His research fields are biochemical pharmacological examinations in the human gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, mechanisms of retinoids, drugs, capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves, and innovative pharmacological, pharmaceutical, and nutritional (dietary) research in humans. He has published about 360 peer-reviewed papers, 197 book chapters, 692 abstracts, 19 monographs, and has edited 37 books. He has given about 1120 regular and review lectures. He has organized thirty-eight national and international congresses and symposia. He is the founder of the International Conference on Ulcer Research (ICUR); International Union of Pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Section (IUPHAR-GI); Brain-Gut Society symposiums, and gastrointestinal cytoprotective symposiums. He received the Andre Robert Award from IUPHAR-GI in 2014. Fifteen of his students have been appointed as full professors in Egypt, Cuba, and Hungary.",institutionString:"University of Pécs",institution:{name:"University of Pecs",country:{name:"Hungary"}}},{id:"277367",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Daniel",middleName:"Martin",surname:"Márquez López",slug:"daniel-marquez-lopez",fullName:"Daniel Márquez López",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/277367/images/7909_n.jpg",biography:"Msc Daniel Martin Márquez López has a bachelor degree in Industrial Chemical Engineering, a Master of science degree in the same área and he is a PhD candidate for the Instituto Politécnico Nacional. His Works are realted to the Green chemistry field, biolubricants, biodiesel, transesterification reactions for biodiesel production and the manipulation of oils for therapeutic purposes.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"196544",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196544/images/system/196544.jpg",biography:"Angel Catalá studied chemistry at Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, where he received a Ph.D. in Chemistry (Biological Branch) in 1965. From 1964 to 1974, he worked as an Assistant in Biochemistry at the School of Medicine at the same university. From 1974 to 1976, he was a fellow of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the University of Connecticut, Health Center, USA. From 1985 to 2004, he served as a Full Professor of Biochemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. He is a member of the National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina, and the Argentine Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SAIB). His laboratory has been interested for many years in the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes from various tissues and different species. Dr. Catalá has directed twelve doctoral theses, published more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals, several chapters in books, and edited twelve books. He received awards at the 40th International Conference Biochemistry of Lipids 1999 in Dijon, France. He is the winner of the Bimbo Pan-American Nutrition, Food Science and Technology Award 2006 and 2012, South America, Human Nutrition, Professional Category. In 2006, he won the Bernardo Houssay award in pharmacology, in recognition of his meritorious works of research. Dr. Catalá belongs to the editorial board of several journals including Journal of Lipids; International Review of Biophysical Chemistry; Frontiers in Membrane Physiology and Biophysics; World Journal of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry Research International; World Journal of Biological Chemistry, Diabetes, and the Pancreas; International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy; and International Journal of Nutrition. He is the co-editor of The Open Biology Journal and associate editor for Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.",institutionString:"Universidad Nacional de La Plata",institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",country:{name:"Argentina"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",slug:"francisco-javier-martin-romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",biography:"Francisco Javier Martín-Romero (Javier) is a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Extremadura, Spain. He is also a group leader at the Biomarkers Institute of Molecular Pathology. Javier received his Ph.D. in 1998 in Biochemistry and Biophysics. At the National Cancer Institute (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) he worked as a research associate on the molecular biology of selenium and its role in health and disease. After postdoctoral collaborations with Carlos Gutierrez-Merino (University of Extremadura, Spain) and Dario Alessi (University of Dundee, UK), he established his own laboratory in 2008. The interest of Javier's lab is the study of cell signaling with a special focus on Ca2+ signaling, and how Ca2+ transport modulates the cytoskeleton, migration, differentiation, cell death, etc. He is especially interested in the study of Ca2+ channels, and the role of STIM1 in the initiation of pathological events.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"217323",title:"Prof.",name:"Guang-Jer",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",slug:"guang-jer-wu",fullName:"Guang-Jer Wu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217323/images/8027_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"148546",title:"Dr.",name:"Norma Francenia",middleName:null,surname:"Santos-Sánchez",slug:"norma-francenia-santos-sanchez",fullName:"Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/148546/images/4640_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"272889",title:"Dr.",name:"Narendra",middleName:null,surname:"Maddu",slug:"narendra-maddu",fullName:"Narendra Maddu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/272889/images/10758_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"242491",title:"Prof.",name:"Angelica",middleName:null,surname:"Rueda",slug:"angelica-rueda",fullName:"Angelica Rueda",position:"Investigador Cinvestav 3B",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242491/images/6765_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"88631",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Petyaev",slug:"ivan-petyaev",fullName:"Ivan Petyaev",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lycotec (United Kingdom)",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"423869",title:"Ms.",name:"Smita",middleName:null,surname:"Rai",slug:"smita-rai",fullName:"Smita Rai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"424024",title:"Prof.",name:"Swati",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"swati-sharma",fullName:"Swati Sharma",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"439112",title:"MSc.",name:"Touseef",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"touseef-fatima",fullName:"Touseef Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"424836",title:"Dr.",name:"Orsolya",middleName:null,surname:"Borsai",slug:"orsolya-borsai",fullName:"Orsolya Borsai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"422262",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Paola Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Palmeros-Suárez",slug:"paola-andrea-palmeros-suarez",fullName:"Paola Andrea Palmeros-Suárez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Guadalajara",country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"13",type:"subseries",title:"Plant Physiology",keywords:"Plant Nutrition, Plant Hormone, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Plant Stress, Multi-omics, High-throughput Technology, Genome Editing",scope:"Plant Physiology explores fundamental processes in plants, and it includes subtopics such as plant nutrition, plant hormone, photosynthesis, respiration, and plant stress. In recent years, emerging technologies such as multi-omics, high-throughput technologies, and genome editing tools could assist plant physiologists in unraveling molecular mechanisms in specific critical pathways. The global picture of physiological processes in plants needs to be investigated continually to increase our knowledge, and the resulting technologies will benefit sustainable agriculture.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/13.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11409,editor:{id:"332229",title:"Prof.",name:"Jen-Tsung",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",slug:"jen-tsung-chen",fullName:"Jen-Tsung Chen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/332229/images/system/332229.png",biography:"Dr. Jen-Tsung Chen is currently a professor at the National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He teaches cell biology, genomics, proteomics, medicinal plant biotechnology, and plant tissue culture. Dr. Chen\\'s research interests include bioactive compounds, chromatography techniques, in vitro culture, medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and plant biotechnology. 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