Comparison of different LWCA for different layers of SDN-IoT network in 5G.
\\n\\n
More than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\\n\\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\\n\\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\\n\\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\\n\\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\\n\\n\\n\\n
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"IntechOpen Maintains",originalUrl:"/media/original/113"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
Simba Information has released its Open Access Book Publishing 2020 - 2024 report and has again identified IntechOpen as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\n\nSimba Information is a leading provider for market intelligence and forecasts in the media and publishing industry. The report, published every year, provides an overview and financial outlook for the global professional e-book publishing market.
\n\nIntechOpen, De Gruyter, and Frontiers are the largest OA book publishers by title count, with IntechOpen coming in at first place with 5,101 OA books published, a good 1,782 titles ahead of the nearest competitor.
\n\nSince the first Open Access Book Publishing report published in 2016, IntechOpen has held the top stop each year.
\n\n\n\nMore than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\n\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\n\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\n\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\n\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\n\n\n\n
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"10421",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Sustainable Organizations - Models, Applications, and New Perspectives",title:"Sustainable Organizations",subtitle:"Models, Applications, and New Perspectives",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Given the multidisciplinary nature of our object of study, sustainability, we have divided this book into twelve chapters. In the first four, we cover the content required to learn how to start a business and create companies based on sustainability. The following chapters provide guidance to help translate sustainability strategies across cultures. These processes are analyzed through the Triple Bottom Line perspective, which effectively describes the primary objectives of sustainability. The last chapters analyze current trends in sustainable development, framing education as a powerful tool to facilitate the transition to more sustainable forms of development. Through these chapters, the understanding of the theoretical concepts is facilitated and examples of sustainable enterprises are made available to the reader that serves as a reference and that allow the development of practical activities.",isbn:"978-1-83880-963-8",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-962-1",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-964-5",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91607",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"sustainable-organizations-models-applications-and-new-perspectives",numberOfPages:232,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!1,hash:"3580ca76579cfa211067a94148d5887d",bookSignature:"Jose C. Sánchez-García and Brizeida Hernández-Sánchez",publishedDate:"February 3rd 2021",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10421.jpg",numberOfDownloads:5922,numberOfWosCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitations:3,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:6,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:10,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"May 13th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"June 3rd 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 2nd 2020",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 21st 2020",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 20th 2020",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"105695",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose C.",middleName:null,surname:"Sánchez-García",slug:"jose-c.-sanchez-garcia",fullName:"Jose C. Sánchez-García",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/105695/images/system/105695.png",biography:"José Carlos Sánchez-García holds a Doctoral degree in Psychology received from the Autonomous University of Madrid. He achieved his Master degrees in Clinical Psychology and later Industrial Psychology, from the Complutense University of Madrid. He is now a Professor of Entrepreneurship at the University of Salamanca where he has also served as Dean of the Faculty of Psychology for eight years. Currently Dr. Sánchez-García is the Director of Doctorate Program in Psychology, also Director of the Entrepreneurship Chair, and Director of different international postgraduate programs (masters degrees) in entrepreneurial development and innovation. He is the President of AFIDE (Association for Training, Research and Development of Entrepreneurship) and was awarded the OPA Award for his research and promotion of entrepreneurship at the university, as well as the Juan Huarte de San Juan Award for his career as a psychologist and for his promotion of psychology. He also received an award from the Municipality of Osorno (Chile) for promoting entrepreneurship in this region. Dr. Sánchez-García is an author of numerous articles published in international high-impact journals, also an author of books and book chapters of a national and international character, a member of different editorial committees of international magazines as well as a member of different international associations in the field of psychology and entrepreneurship, a visiting professor at different European and Latin American universities.",institutionString:"University of Salamanca",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"University of Salamanca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}],equalEditorOne:{id:"171418",title:"Dr.",name:"Brizeida",middleName:null,surname:"Hernandez-Sanchez",slug:"brizeida-hernandez-sanchez",fullName:"Brizeida Hernandez-Sanchez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/171418/images/system/171418.png",biography:"Professor Brizeida Hernández Sánchez has extensive training and pedagogical experience, with focus on curricular design and teaching; specialized in project management and educational quality processes, for different academic levels; she is an expert in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) applied to education, social pedagogy, special education, educational technology and management of public policies and educational institutions (supervising training in different master's degrees). She is currently an associate professor at the University of Salamanca, Faculty of Education.\nThis training trajectory is combined with a wide and extensive experience, academic and professional, in the field of pedagogy: in planning agile methodologies and application of actions, based on the diagnosis of needs; in the organization and management of curricular and innovation projects, in improving the teaching and learning processes; in the design of personalized educational resources, educational technology, blended learning, etc.\nShe is the Academic Coordinator of the Training Program in the Entrepreneurship Chair at the University of Salamanca, a member of the Academic Committee for international postgraduate programs (masters) in Entrepreneurial Development and Innovation, and the National Secretary of the Network for Entrepreneurship Training, Research and Development.",institutionString:"University of Salamanca",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"University of Salamanca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"79",title:"Sustainable Development",slug:"business-management-and-economics-sustainable-development"}],chapters:[{id:"73366",title:"Organizational Insights, Challenges and Impact of Sustainable Development in Developing and Developed Nations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93748",slug:"organizational-insights-challenges-and-impact-of-sustainable-development-in-developing-and-developed",totalDownloads:763,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"While developed nations can fully explore various sustainable business models to achieve sustainability, this might not be easy for developing nations because of poor governance systems, characterized by inequality, patronage, and corruption and other challenges. This chapter evaluates organizations as developing and developed nation blocs by first providing insights on how organizations can contribute to the social and environmental sustainability, and second, by highlighting the challenges and approaches for sustainable development. The chapter further unravels the potential for both blocs to grow and achieve sustainability through technology and innovative strategies alongside the opportunities offered by having fast-growing populations and natural resources. To achieve sustainability, a twofold approach comprising the 360-organizational sustainability approaches and advanced sustainability system analysis approach is used. The key societal driving forces in both blocs for exploiting sustainable business practices are governance and institutions, technology and innovation, economy and society, population and behavior, and financing for development which can unlock sustainable business opportunities for sustainable development. To address the business climate challenges, it is inferred that organizations can achieve global sustainability by integrating sustainable production and consumption, biodiversity and ecosystem services, equity and resilience sectors to attain an environmentally and socially governed systems globally.",signatures:"Katundu Imasiku",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73366",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73366",authors:[{id:"322704",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Katundu",surname:"Imasiku",slug:"katundu-imasiku",fullName:"Katundu Imasiku"}],corrections:null},{id:"73406",title:"Workplace Innovation for Social Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93791",slug:"workplace-innovation-for-social-sustainable-development",totalDownloads:742,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the importance of workplace innovation to sustainable development of the organizational change process. Workplace innovation has been distinguished from the technical innovation and its significance to intangible service improvements. It has addressed how sustainable development is affected by workplace safety, health, productivity, and wellbeing at the workplace. The chapter also attempted to see the three pillars of sustainable development against the six pillars of sustainable development dimensions from prospective points of the previous studies. The previous studies’ findings considered sustainable development dimensions as economic, social, and environmental dimension, while the recent study has introduced additional three new sustainable development dimensions emanating from the existing dimension such as cultural, political and technological dimensions. Therefore, the paper tried to address the workplace innovation, its importance, model, and its impact on sustainable development of the global society.",signatures:"Kassu Jilcha",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73406",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73406",authors:[{id:"292841",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassu",surname:"Jilcha Sileyew",slug:"kassu-jilcha-sileyew",fullName:"Kassu Jilcha Sileyew"}],corrections:null},{id:"74334",title:"Entrepreneurial Momentum for Sustainable Growth",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95099",slug:"entrepreneurial-momentum-for-sustainable-growth",totalDownloads:443,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Public and private sectors view entrepreneurship as a movement of active, creative people who exploit opportunities under uncertainty, create new products, jobs, contribute to economic development of region. Entrepreneurs with their ‘fresh’ vision and agility play an important role in creating the sustainable future for all by overcoming social and environmental challenges. Based on real cases, we illustrate the path travelled by entrepreneurs from identifying the problem and creating the platform for communication with stakeholders to building solution and scaleup. We demonstrate our ‘4A engine’ approach to maintain the momentum for startup consisting of 4 phases: Attention, Actualisation, Attraction, and Action. Even if the start is successful, statistics show that many startups fail between 18 and 24 months. Therefore, we ask startup founders about their practice and biggest surprise they came across, essential choices and important decisions they made. Readers who find this practice useful will reflect by writing a Letter from the Future.",signatures:"Ihor Katernyak and Viktoriya Loboda",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74334",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74334",authors:[{id:"321708",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Ihor",surname:"Katernyak",slug:"ihor-katernyak",fullName:"Ihor Katernyak"},{id:"331224",title:"Prof.",name:"Viktoriya",surname:"Loboda",slug:"viktoriya-loboda",fullName:"Viktoriya Loboda"}],corrections:null},{id:"73311",title:"Organizational Support and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Performance of SMEs, the Moderating Role of Strategic Sustainability Orientation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93803",slug:"organizational-support-and-sustainable-entrepreneurship-performance-of-smes-the-moderating-role-of-s",totalDownloads:415,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) activities have contributed significantly to environmental degradation that causes a disastrous effect on us and our future generation. Considering this, sustainable entrepreneurship has been promoted as a resolution of ecological problems capable of addressing climate change issues, public health, and safety concerns, and has become critical for competing in international markets. SMEs activities increased pollution exclusively causing environmental degradation. In response, the world is focusing on ensuring that SMEs produce products through safe and environmentally friendly practices. Literature suggests that organizational support provide SMEs with the impetus to achieve competitive advantage regarding turnover, customer attraction and market share opportunities to achieve business performance. Nonetheless, the implementation of sustainable entrepreneurship among them is still low due to numerous challenges. This paper intends to investigate the influence of organizational support on sustainable entrepreneurship towards performance among SMEs. A case study involving 300 herbal-based SMEs were surveyed using structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model. The results show that organizational support have a positive effect on sustainable entrepreneurship and performance among the SMEs, accounting for 52% and 47% variance respectively. This finding reveals that organizational support is significantly related to entrepreneurship performance, thus substantiates previous findings on the crucial roles of organizational support in enabling organizations to achieve sustainable entrepreneurship performance. This study contributes to triple bottom line literature based on incorporation of strategic choice theory, strategic sustainability orientation and resource-based view theory in entrepreneurship framework.",signatures:"Muhammad Auwal Abdullahi, Zainalabidin Mohamed, Mad Nasir Shamsudin, Juwaidah Sharifuddin and Fazlin Ali",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73311",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73311",authors:[{id:"321678",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad Auwal",surname:"Abdullahi",slug:"muhammad-auwal-abdullahi",fullName:"Muhammad Auwal Abdullahi"},{id:"328576",title:"Prof.",name:"Zainalabidin",surname:"Mohamed",slug:"zainalabidin-mohamed",fullName:"Zainalabidin Mohamed"},{id:"328577",title:"Prof.",name:"Mad Nasir",surname:"Shamsudin",slug:"mad-nasir-shamsudin",fullName:"Mad Nasir Shamsudin"},{id:"328578",title:"Dr.",name:"Juwaidah",surname:"Sharifuddin",slug:"juwaidah-sharifuddin",fullName:"Juwaidah Sharifuddin"},{id:"328579",title:"Dr.",name:"Fazlin",surname:"Ali",slug:"fazlin-ali",fullName:"Fazlin Ali"}],corrections:null},{id:"73743",title:"Institutional Structures and Women Sustainability in the Labour Market for Developing Economies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94262",slug:"institutional-structures-and-women-sustainability-in-the-labour-market-for-developing-economies",totalDownloads:281,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The peculiarity of women in developing economies, through changing status (marriage, widowhood, divorce, separation) and in some cases occasioned by locational vicissitudes, have continually challenged the sustainability of women in the labour market. Again, some of these challenges women face via social structures such as patriarchy, customs and traditions and unpaid household chores have particularly resulted in labour somersault, underemployment and forced unemployment which in certain cases could be temporary or of a permanent nature. Owing to this growing vulnerability of women, this chapter examine models and structures that have shaped (promoted or otherwise) women’s’ participation in the labour market. In turn, this chapter advances alternative institutional and organizational structures that can check some bewilderment of women in participating in the labour market, as well as foster the sustainability of women in the labour market.",signatures:"Oluwabunmi O. Adejumo",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73743",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73743",authors:[{id:"322286",title:"Dr.",name:"Oluwabunmi",surname:"Adejumo",slug:"oluwabunmi-adejumo",fullName:"Oluwabunmi Adejumo"}],corrections:null},{id:"73594",title:"Protection of Craft Products Embodied in Cultural and Creative Industries in South Africa",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94111",slug:"protection-of-craft-products-embodied-in-cultural-and-creative-industries-in-south-africa",totalDownloads:676,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The Culture and Creative industries are commonly recognised as one of the strategic sectors. This sector has the potential for innovation and development which may lead to economic growth of a nation. Even though the culture and creative industries (CCIs) is the focus of several studies, precise consideration has not been given to the craft sectors as an essential component of the South African industrial development. The objective of this research is to identify the problems faced by crafts sectors, and to address those issues by providing policy intervention towards protection and sustainability of the sector. Also, the position of craft has been widely acknowledged, but the research regarding the protection of craft products is scarce. This gives rise to the research question: how can the crafts sectors be protected towards the sustainability and development of these sectors? This study provides an overview of the concept of craft and the CCIs focusing on the craft production and marketing activities. For this study, a qualitative research was conducted using a secondary data, and conducting an in-depth interview with crafters in the city of Durban South Africa. The results established some basic issues that need an urgent intervention towards the preservation of the craft sector in South Africa.",signatures:"Abisuga Oluwayemisi Adebola",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73594",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73594",authors:[{id:"247415",title:"Dr.",name:"Oluwayemisi",surname:"Abisuga",slug:"oluwayemisi-abisuga",fullName:"Oluwayemisi Abisuga"}],corrections:null},{id:"73263",title:"Sustainable Business Practices by Nigerian Organizations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93834",slug:"sustainable-business-practices-by-nigerian-organizations",totalDownloads:396,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Sustainability is the lifeline of any organization and it begins with its people. This paper investigates the sustainable business practices of Nigerian organizations. The pillars of sustainability, economic, social and environmental, have been linked to improve business performance when entrenched into long term strategies of a business. To address the challenges of power supply, multiple taxation, pollution and waste management faced in the business environment, it is imperative to develop solutions that will not compromise future needs yet meeting the needs of the present. Recycling, recovery and reuse, safe work initiatives, continuous learning are strategies businesses can adopt to reduce environmental waste, social and economic issues. For this purpose, this chapter examines sustainability practices of businesses from selected industries; construction, manufacturing, banking and hospitality industries were selected based on availability of sustainability reports of industry leaders. This research is expected to help business managers and policy makers understand sustainable business practices and its implications on business performance.",signatures:"Nkemdilim Iheanachor",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73263",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73263",authors:[{id:"322184",title:"Dr.",name:"Nkemdilim",surname:"Iheanachor",slug:"nkemdilim-iheanachor",fullName:"Nkemdilim Iheanachor"}],corrections:null},{id:"73472",title:"Evolving a Sustainable Paradigm for Harnessing Intellectual Resources in the Nigerian Space Industry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.93905",slug:"evolving-a-sustainable-paradigm-for-harnessing-intellectual-resources-in-the-nigerian-space-industry",totalDownloads:312,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Over the years, one of the ways that have been identified as pivotal in building sustainable organisations is the manpower development component of any organisation. Such manpower development through capacity building can be gained by training and retraining to retool the workforce into having the relevant and up to date skill set that spurs competitiveness and growth. For the Nigerian space industry, this human capacity development component has been embraced, encouraged and adopted into a working model for sustainability. The Nigerian Space Industry has leveraged on its potential to harness its intellectual capital through a collaborative culture with national and international partners to provide sustainable growth in attaining technological competence in Space Science and Technology (SST). In this chapter, we present a capacity building context as a model by which Nigeria’s Space Industry mobilises its intellectual resources and collaborative efforts towards achieving sustainable development.",signatures:"Ngunan Monica Ikpaya, Ikpaya Ikpaya, Eseoghene Ovie, Chisom G. Nwokike, Sesugh Nongo and Godwin Ogor-Igbosuah",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73472",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73472",authors:[{id:"322642",title:"Mrs.",name:"Ngunan M.",surname:"Ikpaya",slug:"ngunan-m.-ikpaya",fullName:"Ngunan M. Ikpaya"},{id:"328859",title:"Dr.",name:"Ikpaya",surname:"Ikpaya",slug:"ikpaya-ikpaya",fullName:"Ikpaya Ikpaya"},{id:"328860",title:"Dr.",name:"Eseoghene",surname:"Ovie",slug:"eseoghene-ovie",fullName:"Eseoghene Ovie"},{id:"328861",title:"Dr.",name:"Chisom",surname:"Nwokike",slug:"chisom-nwokike",fullName:"Chisom Nwokike"},{id:"328862",title:"Dr.",name:"Sesugh",surname:"Nongo",slug:"sesugh-nongo",fullName:"Sesugh Nongo"},{id:"328863",title:"Mr.",name:"Godwin",surname:"Ogor-Igbosuah",slug:"godwin-ogor-igbosuah",fullName:"Godwin Ogor-Igbosuah"}],corrections:null},{id:"74348",title:"Sustainable Development and Islamic Ethical Tasks for Business-Organisations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94992",slug:"sustainable-development-and-islamic-ethical-tasks-for-business-organisations",totalDownloads:435,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The paper seeks to addresses the issues of sustainable development and it would be viewed as Islamic moral duties for business. To what level should business bodies should join in the sustainable development activities? Based on the existing literature, this study assimilates conventional as well as Islamic points about environment and sustainable development and contends that whatever explanation of sustainable development one may subscribe, ultimately, each should culminate in environmental concern. This study contends that Islamic style is more friendly to environmental protection and issues touching sustainable development have moral, social and ethical responsibility. With intense commitment of the businesses in the matter of Islamic ethics to equity, justice and wellbeing of humans, it demands that business organisations in the Islamic and other countries should participate in the sustainable development endeavours. Because of ethics of environmental aspects in Islam, the value chains of suppliers through customers, many companies may be alert for the environmental characteristics and effects of their businesses.",signatures:"Abul Hassan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74348",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74348",authors:[{id:"323154",title:"Dr.",name:"Abul",surname:"Hassan",slug:"abul-hassan",fullName:"Abul Hassan"}],corrections:null},{id:"74195",title:"Teacher Professional Competencies in Education for Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94991",slug:"teacher-professional-competencies-in-education-for-sustainable-development",totalDownloads:585,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"At present, combining sustainable development with education has become one of the school’s missions. Students must master sustainable development skills. In order to explore the ideal method of K-12 teachers’ professional competence in Education for Sustainable Development and determine the talent leadership strategy can enhance the professional competence of teachers in the 21st century sustainable development education, this study uses content analysis. The author systematically reviewed and analyzed related research work on sustainable development education, teachers’ professional abilities and talent leadership strategies. According to the comprehensive results of content analysis, the ideal way for K-12 teachers to achieve professional sustainability is as follows: content focuses on sustainability with 21st century skills, collaboration with peers, active learning, and application of learning sustainability in practice Model, peer guidance, feedback and evaluation, duration, and teacher professional development. In order to achieve the second research goal, the authors found that talent leadership strategies can enhance the sustainable development of K-12 teachers’ professional capabilities, including K-12 teacher professional development methods, K-12 teacher professional capabilities, student performance and focus on student performance.",signatures:"Xiaoyao Yue and Ruixuan Ji",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74195",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74195",authors:[{id:"322818",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaoyao",surname:"Yue",slug:"xiaoyao-yue",fullName:"Xiaoyao Yue"}],corrections:null},{id:"74231",title:"Driving a Sustainable University-Industry Partnership",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94990",slug:"driving-a-sustainable-university-industry-partnership",totalDownloads:370,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"There has been a lot of emphasis on the need for academia-industry collaboration. A successful and sustainable academia-industry partnership can result from a university’s efforts in driving values in its collaboration with industry. This chapter describes a model for mainstreaming a sustainable university partnership with industry through the university’s academic curriculum. The University-Industry Innovation eXchange (UNIX) internship program is a project-based industrial training scheme that is integrated with research projects to provide students with an engaging experience of working with industry for up to one year to solve practical industrial problems. Successful implementation of UNIX projects within the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia’s (UTM) work-based curriculum contributes toward nurturing life-ready and job-ready graduates, development of resilient and sustainable organisation through improved operations, and enhanced university-industry partnership.",signatures:"Zainuddin Abd Manan and Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74231",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74231",authors:[{id:"322176",title:"Prof.",name:"Zainuddin",surname:"Manan",slug:"zainuddin-manan",fullName:"Zainuddin Manan"},{id:"322179",title:"Prof.",name:"Sharifah Rafidah",surname:"Wan Alwi",slug:"sharifah-rafidah-wan-alwi",fullName:"Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi"}],corrections:null},{id:"73512",title:"Exploring a Culturally-Responsive Model and Theory for Sustainable Development in Education Based on Cebuano Context",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94035",slug:"exploring-a-culturally-responsive-model-and-theory-for-sustainable-development-in-education-based-on",totalDownloads:506,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This paper explores a culturally-responsive model and theory for sustainable development in education that intertwines a seamless juxtaposition of cultural knowledge, mastery, reflections and understanding, and innovations in the Cebuano context. A multiple case analysis of selected quintains of Cebuano culture in literature reviews, and past travel observations and experiences were used as the methodology of the study. Results revealed that studies on cultural knowledge reflected a Cebuano identity of indigenous worldviews and reverence to nature. Cultural knowledge served as a basis for cultural mastery in the formulation and implementation of government policies as exemplified in the Bayanihan to Heal Act, the creation of the Inter-Agency Task Force, and other decisions of government and non-government agencies to protect people’s welfare. Cultural reflections ignited how people responded to these policies, with contrasting views and ambivalence. To prevent the furtherance of these views that would heighten possible conflict and violence, cultural innovations through a KRSP Model offers vibrant opportunities to promote and realize ESD Goal No. 4 by 2030.",signatures:"Reynaldo B. Inocian",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/73512",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/73512",authors:[{id:"321361",title:"Dr.",name:"Reynaldo",surname:"Inocian",slug:"reynaldo-inocian",fullName:"Reynaldo Inocian"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"4511",title:"Entrepreneurship",subtitle:"Education and Training",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a10958147b9a516affca89c11cdafe09",slug:"entrepreneurship-education-and-training",bookSignature:"Jose C. Sanchez-Garcia",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4511.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"105695",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose C.",surname:"Sánchez-García",slug:"jose-c.-sanchez-garcia",fullName:"Jose C. Sánchez-García"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8478",title:"Regional Development in Africa",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"58c901c1d38758b1ed340b5badc9f3a0",slug:"regional-development-in-africa",bookSignature:"Norbert Edomah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8478.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"222277",title:"Dr.",name:"Norbert",surname:"Edomah",slug:"norbert-edomah",fullName:"Norbert Edomah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"76730",slug:"erratum-eye-tracking-using-nonverbal-tasks-could-contribute-to-diagnostics-of-developmental-dyslexia",title:"Erratum - Eye Tracking Using Nonverbal Tasks Could Contribute to Diagnostics of Developmental Dyslexia and Developmental Language Disorder",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/76730.pdf\r\n",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/76730",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/76730",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/76730",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/76730",chapter:{id:"74892",slug:"eye-tracking-using-nonverbal-tasks-could-contribute-to-diagnostics-of-developmental-dyslexia-and-dev",signatures:"Zuzana Bilkova, Martin Dobias, Jaromir Dolezal, Vratislav Fabian, Helena Havlisova, Jiri Jost and Olga Malinovska",dateSubmitted:"September 11th 2020",dateReviewed:"December 20th 2020",datePrePublished:"February 19th 2021",datePublished:"June 16th 2021",book:{id:"10228",title:"Dyslexia",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Dyslexia",slug:"dyslexia",publishedDate:"June 16th 2021",bookSignature:"Jonathan Glazzard and Samuel Stones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10228.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"294281",title:"Prof.",name:"Jonathan",middleName:null,surname:"Glazzard",slug:"jonathan-glazzard",fullName:"Jonathan Glazzard"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"275733",title:"Dr.",name:"Olga",middleName:null,surname:"Malinovska",fullName:"Olga Malinovska",slug:"olga-malinovska",email:"omalinovska@pf.jcu.cz",position:null,institution:null},{id:"275734",title:null,name:"Jiri",middleName:null,surname:"Jost",fullName:"Jiri Jost",slug:"jiri-jost",email:"jost@pf.jcu.cz",position:null,institution:{name:"University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"338777",title:"Dr.",name:"Zuzana",middleName:null,surname:"Bilkova",fullName:"Zuzana Bilkova",slug:"zuzana-bilkova",email:"bilkova@pf.jcu.cz",position:null,institution:null},{id:"338778",title:"Dr.",name:"Helena",middleName:null,surname:"Havlisova",fullName:"Helena Havlisova",slug:"helena-havlisova",email:"havlis@pf.jcu.cz",position:null,institution:{name:"University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"338779",title:"Dr.",name:"Martin",middleName:null,surname:"Dobias",fullName:"Martin Dobias",slug:"martin-dobias",email:"martin.dobias@fel.cvut.cz",position:null,institution:{name:"Czech Technical University in Prague",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"338780",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaromir",middleName:null,surname:"Dolezal",fullName:"Jaromir Dolezal",slug:"jaromir-dolezal",email:"jaromir.dolezal@post.cz",position:null,institution:{name:"Czech Technical University in Prague",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"338781",title:"Dr.",name:"Vratislav",middleName:null,surname:"Fabian",fullName:"Vratislav Fabian",slug:"vratislav-fabian",email:"fabian@medicton.com",position:null,institution:{name:"Czech Technical University in Prague",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}}]}},chapter:{id:"74892",slug:"eye-tracking-using-nonverbal-tasks-could-contribute-to-diagnostics-of-developmental-dyslexia-and-dev",signatures:"Zuzana Bilkova, Martin Dobias, Jaromir Dolezal, Vratislav Fabian, Helena Havlisova, Jiri Jost and Olga Malinovska",dateSubmitted:"September 11th 2020",dateReviewed:"December 20th 2020",datePrePublished:"February 19th 2021",datePublished:"June 16th 2021",book:{id:"10228",title:"Dyslexia",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Dyslexia",slug:"dyslexia",publishedDate:"June 16th 2021",bookSignature:"Jonathan Glazzard and Samuel Stones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10228.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"294281",title:"Prof.",name:"Jonathan",middleName:null,surname:"Glazzard",slug:"jonathan-glazzard",fullName:"Jonathan Glazzard"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"275733",title:"Dr.",name:"Olga",middleName:null,surname:"Malinovska",fullName:"Olga Malinovska",slug:"olga-malinovska",email:"omalinovska@pf.jcu.cz",position:null,institution:null},{id:"275734",title:null,name:"Jiri",middleName:null,surname:"Jost",fullName:"Jiri Jost",slug:"jiri-jost",email:"jost@pf.jcu.cz",position:null,institution:{name:"University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"338777",title:"Dr.",name:"Zuzana",middleName:null,surname:"Bilkova",fullName:"Zuzana Bilkova",slug:"zuzana-bilkova",email:"bilkova@pf.jcu.cz",position:null,institution:null},{id:"338778",title:"Dr.",name:"Helena",middleName:null,surname:"Havlisova",fullName:"Helena Havlisova",slug:"helena-havlisova",email:"havlis@pf.jcu.cz",position:null,institution:{name:"University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"338779",title:"Dr.",name:"Martin",middleName:null,surname:"Dobias",fullName:"Martin Dobias",slug:"martin-dobias",email:"martin.dobias@fel.cvut.cz",position:null,institution:{name:"Czech Technical University in Prague",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"338780",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaromir",middleName:null,surname:"Dolezal",fullName:"Jaromir Dolezal",slug:"jaromir-dolezal",email:"jaromir.dolezal@post.cz",position:null,institution:{name:"Czech Technical University in Prague",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"338781",title:"Dr.",name:"Vratislav",middleName:null,surname:"Fabian",fullName:"Vratislav Fabian",slug:"vratislav-fabian",email:"fabian@medicton.com",position:null,institution:{name:"Czech Technical University in Prague",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}}]},book:{id:"10228",title:"Dyslexia",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Dyslexia",slug:"dyslexia",publishedDate:"June 16th 2021",bookSignature:"Jonathan Glazzard and Samuel Stones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10228.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"294281",title:"Prof.",name:"Jonathan",middleName:null,surname:"Glazzard",slug:"jonathan-glazzard",fullName:"Jonathan Glazzard"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"9205",leadTitle:null,title:"Electron Crystallography",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"In the quantitative determination of new structures, micro-/nano-crystalline materials pose significant challenges. The different properties of materials are structure-dependent. Traditionally, X-ray crystallography has been used for the analysis of these materials. Electron diffraction is a technique that complements other techniques; for example, single crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction for determination of structure. Electron diffraction plays a very important role when crystals are very small using single crystal X-ray diffraction or very complex for structure solution by powder X-ray diffraction. With the introduction of advanced methodologies, important methods for crystal structural analysis in the field of electron crystallography have been discovered, such as rotation electron diffraction (RED) and automated electron diffraction tomography (ADT). In recent years, large numbers of crystal structures have been solved using electron crystallography.",isbn:"978-1-83880-190-8",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-189-2",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83968-284-1",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.83201",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"electron-crystallography",numberOfPages:114,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"9185ce16fc6f5756cf55fe6082f09fab",bookSignature:"Devinder Singh and Simona Condurache-Bota",publishedDate:"July 22nd 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9205.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:4860,numberOfWosCitations:4,numberOfCrossrefCitations:2,numberOfDimensionsCitations:8,numberOfTotalCitations:14,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 28th 2019",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"September 20th 2019",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"November 19th 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"February 7th 2020",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"April 7th 2020",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"3 years",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,biosketch:null,coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"184180",title:"Dr.",name:"Devinder",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"devinder-singh",fullName:"Devinder Singh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/184180/images/system/184180.jpg",biography:"Dr. Devinder Singh is currently working as an assistant professor in the Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow, India. He is a specialist in Expt. Condensed Matter Physics/Materials Science with a Ph.D. from the Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U), Varanasi, India; a post-doctorate degree from Stockholm University, Sweden and then work experience as a DST Inspire Faculty at Panjab University, Chandigarh. He has contributed over 37 peer-reviewed international research publications and authored four book chapters, two book articles and one book. His research work has been selected for talks and discussions in several premier international and national conferences. He has mentored graduate, postgraduate and PhD students. He has been the recipient of several prestigious international/national fellowships and awards such as the Seal of Excellence from European Commission, DST Inspire Faculty Award, Postdoctoral Fellowship etc. He has strong research professional skills in nanomaterials, alloys, structure-property correlations, electron microscopy and metal physics.",institutionString:"Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"4",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],coeditorOne:{id:"229971",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Condurache-Bota",slug:"simona-condurache-bota",fullName:"Simona Condurache-Bota",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/229971/images/system/229971.jpg",biography:"Mrs. Simona Condurache-Bota is currently working as an associate professor at The Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania. She has post-doctorate degrees in Industrial Engineering and Atmospheric Physics, a Ph.D. in Solid State Physics, and M.Sc. and B.Sc. degrees in Physics, with a M.Sc. scholarship in the Netherlands given by the European Physical Society. She has participated in 17 research and/or educational projects, some of them with national and/or international grants. She has published 28 ISI (Thomson Reuters/Clarivate Analytics) papers, 7 ISI proceedings papers, and 10 books and book chapters. She has over 100 quotations and a Hirsch index of 7. She has participated in over 40 conferences. Her scientific interests are: optics, spectroscopy, semiconducting films, environmental science.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1170",title:"Crystallography",slug:"nanotechnology-and-nanomaterials-material-science-crystallography"}],chapters:[{id:"72641",title:"Introductory Chapter: Electron Crystallography",slug:"introductory-chapter-electron-crystallography",totalDownloads:539,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"184180",title:"Dr.",name:"Devinder",surname:"Singh",slug:"devinder-singh",fullName:"Devinder Singh"}]},{id:"72080",title:"Transmission Electron Microscopy of Nanomaterials",slug:"transmission-electron-microscopy-of-nanomaterials",totalDownloads:855,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"176352",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohsen",surname:"Asadi Asadabad",slug:"mohsen-asadi-asadabad",fullName:"Mohsen Asadi Asadabad"},{id:"177600",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad",surname:"Jafari Eskandari",slug:"mohammad-jafari-eskandari",fullName:"Mohammad Jafari Eskandari"},{id:"318141",title:"Dr.",name:"Reza",surname:"Gostariani",slug:"reza-gostariani",fullName:"Reza Gostariani"}]},{id:"70230",title:"Empires: The Nonlocal Properties of Quasicrystals",slug:"empires-the-nonlocal-properties-of-quasicrystals",totalDownloads:1076,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"302431",title:"Dr.",name:"Fang",surname:"Fang",slug:"fang-fang",fullName:"Fang Fang"},{id:"302434",title:"Dr.",name:"Sinziana",surname:"Paduroiu",slug:"sinziana-paduroiu",fullName:"Sinziana Paduroiu"},{id:"302436",title:"MSc.",name:"Dugan",surname:"Hammock",slug:"dugan-hammock",fullName:"Dugan Hammock"},{id:"308562",title:"Mr.",name:"Klee",surname:"Irwin",slug:"klee-irwin",fullName:"Klee Irwin"}]},{id:"71309",title:"Structure Analysis of Quasicrystal Approximants by Rotation Electron Diffraction (RED)",slug:"structure-analysis-of-quasicrystal-approximants-by-rotation-electron-diffraction-red-",totalDownloads:630,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"184180",title:"Dr.",name:"Devinder",surname:"Singh",slug:"devinder-singh",fullName:"Devinder Singh"},{id:"301133",title:"Prof.",name:"Sven",surname:"Hovmöller",slug:"sven-hovmoller",fullName:"Sven Hovmöller"}]},{id:"71414",title:"Micro-/Nano-Structuring in Stainless Steels by Metal Forming and Materials Processing",slug:"micro-nano-structuring-in-stainless-steels-by-metal-forming-and-materials-processing",totalDownloads:672,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"251217",title:"Prof.",name:"Tatsuhiko",surname:"Aizawa",slug:"tatsuhiko-aizawa",fullName:"Tatsuhiko Aizawa"},{id:"312068",title:"Dr.",name:"Takafumi",surname:"Komatsu",slug:"takafumi-komatsu",fullName:"Takafumi Komatsu"},{id:"313724",title:"Prof.",name:"Tomomi",surname:"Shiratori",slug:"tomomi-shiratori",fullName:"Tomomi Shiratori"}]},{id:"70590",title:"Strongly Fluorescent Heterocyclic Molecule: Crystallography, 3D Hydrogen-Bonded, Fluorescence Study and QTAIM/TD-DFT/MESP Theoretical Analysis",slug:"strongly-fluorescent-heterocyclic-molecule-crystallography-3d-hydrogen-bonded-fluorescence-study-and",totalDownloads:502,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"308001",title:"Dr.",name:"Ouahida",surname:"Zeghouan",slug:"ouahida-zeghouan",fullName:"Ouahida Zeghouan"}]},{id:"72253",title:"Study on Dislocation-Dopant Ions Interaction during Plastic Deformation by Combination Method of Strain-Rate Cycling Tests and Application of Ultrasonic Oscillations",slug:"study-on-dislocation-dopant-ions-interaction-during-plastic-deformation-by-combination-method-of-str",totalDownloads:588,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"318893",title:"Prof.",name:"Yohichi",surname:"Kohzuki",slug:"yohichi-kohzuki",fullName:"Yohichi Kohzuki"}]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"247041",firstName:"Dolores",lastName:"Kuzelj",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/247041/images/7108_n.jpg",email:"dolores@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6638",title:"Handbook of Stillinger-Weber Potential Parameters for Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e174b9329a7cb36d22d4e14768667ac4",slug:"handbook-of-stillinger-weber-potential-parameters-for-two-dimensional-atomic-crystals",bookSignature:"Jin-Wu Jiang and Yu-Ping Zhou",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6638.jpg",editedByType:"Authored by",editors:[{id:"228449",title:"Dr.",name:"Jin-Wu",surname:"Jiang",slug:"jin-wu-jiang",fullName:"Jin-Wu Jiang"}],productType:{id:"3",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}},{type:"book",id:"8506",title:"Some Aspects of Diamonds in Scientific Research and High Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ab81202ec11afae75334956029ebd31",slug:"some-aspects-of-diamonds-in-scientific-research-and-high-technology",bookSignature:"Evgeniy Lipatov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8506.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"21254",title:"Mr.",name:"Evgeniy",surname:"Lipatov",slug:"evgeniy-lipatov",fullName:"Evgeniy Lipatov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"20015",title:"Bioinformatics Applied to Proteomics",doi:"10.5772/23680",slug:"bioinformatics-applied-to-proteomics",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/20015.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/20015",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/20015",totalDownloads:4818,totalViews:151,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:0,impactScorePercentile:4,impactScoreQuartile:1,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"November 29th 2010",dateReviewed:"June 18th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"September 12th 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/20015",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/20015",book:{id:"1405",slug:"systems-and-computational-biology-bioinformatics-and-computational-modeling"},signatures:"Simone Cristoni and Silvia Mazzuca",authors:[{id:"53172",title:"Prof.",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Mazzuca",fullName:"Silvia Mazzuca",slug:"silvia-mazzuca",email:"s.mazzuca@unical.it",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/53172/images/3856_n.jpg",institution:{name:"University of Calabria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"115971",title:"Dr.",name:"Simone",middleName:null,surname:"Cristoni",fullName:"Simone Cristoni",slug:"simone-cristoni",email:"simone.cristoni@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1405",type:"book",title:"Systems and Computational Biology",subtitle:"Bioinformatics and Computational Modeling",fullTitle:"Systems and Computational Biology - Bioinformatics and Computational Modeling",slug:"systems-and-computational-biology-bioinformatics-and-computational-modeling",publishedDate:"September 12th 2011",bookSignature:"Ning-Sun Yang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1405.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-875-5",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4439-7",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:32,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"41256",title:"Prof.",name:"Ning-Sun",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"ning-sun-yang",fullName:"Ning-Sun Yang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"597"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"20014",type:"chapter",title:"Parallel Processing of Complex Biomolecular Information: Combining Experimental and Computational Approaches",slug:"parallel-processing-of-complex-biomolecular-information-combining-experimental-and-computational-app",totalDownloads:2014,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jestin Jean-Luc and Lafaye Pierre",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"47957",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean-Luc",middleName:null,surname:"Jestin",fullName:"Jean-Luc Jestin",slug:"jean-luc-jestin"},{id:"85495",title:"Dr.",name:"Pierre",middleName:null,surname:"Lafaye",fullName:"Pierre Lafaye",slug:"pierre-lafaye"}]},{id:"20015",type:"chapter",title:"Bioinformatics Applied to Proteomics",slug:"bioinformatics-applied-to-proteomics",totalDownloads:4818,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Simone Cristoni and Silvia Mazzuca",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"53172",title:"Prof.",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Mazzuca",fullName:"Silvia Mazzuca",slug:"silvia-mazzuca"},{id:"115971",title:"Dr.",name:"Simone",middleName:null,surname:"Cristoni",fullName:"Simone Cristoni",slug:"simone-cristoni"}]},{id:"20016",type:"chapter",title:"Evolutionary Bioinformatics with a Scientific Computing Environment",slug:"evolutionary-bioinformatics-with-a-scientific-computing-environment",totalDownloads:2532,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"James J. Cai",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"37520",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Cai",fullName:"James Cai",slug:"james-cai"}]},{id:"20017",type:"chapter",title:"Strengths and Weaknesses of Selected Modeling Methods Used in Systems Biology",slug:"strengths-and-weaknesses-of-selected-modeling-methods-used-in-systems-biology",totalDownloads:5009,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Pascal Kahlem, Alessandro DiCara, Maxime Durot, John M. Hancock, Edda Klipp, Vincent Schächter, Eran Segal, Ioannis Xenarios, Ewan Birney and Luis Mendoza",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"46411",title:"Dr.",name:"Pascal",middleName:null,surname:"Kahlem",fullName:"Pascal Kahlem",slug:"pascal-kahlem"},{id:"46428",title:"Dr.",name:"Alessandro",middleName:null,surname:"DiCara",fullName:"Alessandro DiCara",slug:"alessandro-dicara"},{id:"46429",title:"Dr.",name:"Maxime",middleName:null,surname:"Durot",fullName:"Maxime Durot",slug:"maxime-durot"},{id:"46430",title:"Dr.",name:"John",middleName:"M",surname:"Hancock",fullName:"John Hancock",slug:"john-hancock"},{id:"46431",title:"Prof.",name:"Edda",middleName:null,surname:"Klipp",fullName:"Edda Klipp",slug:"edda-klipp"},{id:"46432",title:"Dr.",name:"Vincent",middleName:null,surname:"Schächter",fullName:"Vincent Schächter",slug:"vincent-schachter"},{id:"46433",title:"Dr.",name:"Eran",middleName:null,surname:"Segal",fullName:"Eran Segal",slug:"eran-segal"},{id:"46434",title:"Prof.",name:"Ioannis",middleName:null,surname:"Xenarios",fullName:"Ioannis Xenarios",slug:"ioannis-xenarios"},{id:"46435",title:"Dr.",name:"Ewan",middleName:null,surname:"Birney",fullName:"Ewan Birney",slug:"ewan-birney"},{id:"46436",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Mendoza",fullName:"Luis Mendoza",slug:"luis-mendoza"}]},{id:"20018",type:"chapter",title:"Unifying Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics for Drug Design",slug:"unifying-bioinformatics-and-chemoinformatics-for-drug-design",totalDownloads:2685,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"J.B. Brown and Yasushi Okuno",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"34859",title:"Prof.",name:"Yasushi",middleName:null,surname:"Okuno",fullName:"Yasushi Okuno",slug:"yasushi-okuno"},{id:"37960",title:"Dr.",name:"J.B.",middleName:null,surname:"Brown",fullName:"J.B. Brown",slug:"j.b.-brown"}]},{id:"20019",type:"chapter",title:"Estimating Similarities in DNA Strings Using the Efficacious Rank Distance Approach",slug:"estimating-similarities-in-dna-strings-using-the-efficacious-rank-distance-approach",totalDownloads:1951,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Liviu P. Dinu and Andrea Sgarro",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"56441",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Sgarro",fullName:"Andrea Sgarro",slug:"andrea-sgarro"},{id:"58664",title:"Prof.",name:"Liviu",middleName:"P.",surname:"Dinu",fullName:"Liviu Dinu",slug:"liviu-dinu"}]},{id:"20020",type:"chapter",title:"The Information Systems for DNA Barcode Data",slug:"the-information-systems-for-dna-barcode-data",totalDownloads:3501,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Di Liu and Juncai Ma",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"57605",title:"Dr.",name:"Di",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Di Liu",slug:"di-liu"},{id:"57611",title:"Prof.",name:"Juncai",middleName:null,surname:"Ma",fullName:"Juncai Ma",slug:"juncai-ma"}]},{id:"20021",type:"chapter",title:"Parallel Processing of Multiple Pattern Matching Algorithms for Biological Sequences: Methods and Performance Results",slug:"parallel-processing-of-multiple-pattern-matching-algorithms-for-biological-sequences-methods-and-per",totalDownloads:3253,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Charalampos S. Kouzinopoulos, Panagiotis D. Michailidis and Konstantinos G. Margaritis",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"31652",title:"Prof.",name:"Panagiotis",middleName:null,surname:"Michailidis",fullName:"Panagiotis Michailidis",slug:"panagiotis-michailidis"},{id:"47454",title:"Mr.",name:"Charalampos",middleName:null,surname:"Kouzinopoulos",fullName:"Charalampos Kouzinopoulos",slug:"charalampos-kouzinopoulos"},{id:"47455",title:"Prof.",name:"Konstantinos",middleName:null,surname:"Margaritis",fullName:"Konstantinos Margaritis",slug:"konstantinos-margaritis"}]},{id:"20022",type:"chapter",title:"Understanding Tools and Techniques in Protein Structure Prediction",slug:"understanding-tools-and-techniques-in-protein-structure-prediction",totalDownloads:4466,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Geraldine Sandana Mala John, Chellan Rose and Satoru Takeuchi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"31937",title:"Mr",name:"Satoru",middleName:null,surname:"Takeuchi",fullName:"Satoru Takeuchi",slug:"satoru-takeuchi"},{id:"50696",title:"Dr.",name:"Geraldine",middleName:null,surname:"John",fullName:"Geraldine John",slug:"geraldine-john"},{id:"50697",title:"Dr.",name:"Chellan",middleName:null,surname:"Rose",fullName:"Chellan Rose",slug:"chellan-rose"}]},{id:"20023",type:"chapter",title:"Protein Progressive MSA Using 2-Opt Method",slug:"protein-progressive-msa-using-2-opt-method",totalDownloads:2168,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Gamil Abdel-Azim, Aboubekeur Hamdi-Cherif, Mohamed Ben Othman and Z.A. Aboeleneen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"9479",title:"Prof.",name:"Aboubekeur",middleName:null,surname:"Hamdi-Cherif",fullName:"Aboubekeur Hamdi-Cherif",slug:"aboubekeur-hamdi-cherif"},{id:"33824",title:"Dr.",name:"Gamil",middleName:"Sayed",surname:"Abdel Azim",fullName:"Gamil Abdel Azim",slug:"gamil-abdel-azim"},{id:"136671",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed Tahar Ben",middleName:null,surname:"Othman",fullName:"Mohamed Tahar Ben Othman",slug:"mohamed-tahar-ben-othman"},{id:"136672",title:"Dr.",name:"Zaher",middleName:null,surname:"Aboeleneen",fullName:"Zaher Aboeleneen",slug:"zaher-aboeleneen"}]},{id:"20024",type:"chapter",title:"Clustering Libraries of Compounds into Families: Asymmetry-Based Similarity Measure to Categorize Small Molecules",slug:"clustering-libraries-of-compounds-into-families-asymmetry-based-similarity-measure-to-categorize-sma",totalDownloads:2155,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Wieczorek Samuel, Aci Samia, Bisson Gilles, Gordon Mirta, Lafanechère Laurence, Maréchal Eric and Roy Sylvaine",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"49128",title:"Dr.",name:"Eric",middleName:null,surname:"Marechal",fullName:"Eric Marechal",slug:"eric-marechal"},{id:"49240",title:"Dr",name:"Samuel",middleName:null,surname:"Wieczorek",fullName:"Samuel Wieczorek",slug:"samuel-wieczorek"},{id:"49249",title:"Dr.",name:"Gilles",middleName:null,surname:"Bisson",fullName:"Gilles Bisson",slug:"gilles-bisson"},{id:"49250",title:"Dr.",name:"Mirta",middleName:null,surname:"Gordon",fullName:"Mirta Gordon",slug:"mirta-gordon"},{id:"49251",title:"Dr.",name:"Lafanechère",middleName:null,surname:"Laurence",fullName:"Lafanechère Laurence",slug:"lafanechere-laurence"},{id:"49252",title:"Dr.",name:"Sylvaine",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",fullName:"Sylvaine Roy",slug:"sylvaine-roy"},{id:"50940",title:"Dr.",name:"Samia",middleName:null,surname:"Aci",fullName:"Samia Aci",slug:"samia-aci"}]},{id:"20025",type:"chapter",title:"Systematic and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Ole e 1 Pollen Protein Family Members in Plants",slug:"systematic-and-phylogenetic-analysis-of-the-ole-e-1-pollen-protein-family-members-in-plants",totalDownloads:2576,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"José Carlos Jiménez-López, María Isabel Rodríguez-García and Juan de Dios Alche",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"33957",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan de Dios",middleName:null,surname:"Alche",fullName:"Juan de Dios Alche",slug:"juan-de-dios-alche"},{id:"33993",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Jimenez-Lopez",fullName:"Jose Carlos Jimenez-Lopez",slug:"jose-carlos-jimenez-lopez"},{id:"104866",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Rodríguez-García",fullName:"Maria Isabel Rodríguez-García",slug:"maria-isabel-rodriguez-garcia"}]},{id:"20026",type:"chapter",title:"Biological Data Modelling and Scripting in R",slug:"biological-data-modelling-and-scripting-in-r",totalDownloads:4740,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Srinivasan Ramachandran, Rupanjali Chaudhuri, Srikant Prasad Verma, Ab Rauf Shah, Chaitali Paul, Shreya Chakraborty, Bhanwar Lal Puniya and Rahul Shubhra Mandal",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"32050",title:"Dr.",name:"Srinivasan",middleName:null,surname:"Ramachandran",fullName:"Srinivasan Ramachandran",slug:"srinivasan-ramachandran"},{id:"50798",title:"Ms",name:"Chaitali",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",fullName:"Chaitali Paul",slug:"chaitali-paul"},{id:"50799",title:"Ms.",name:"Shreya",middleName:null,surname:"Chakraborty",fullName:"Shreya Chakraborty",slug:"shreya-chakraborty"},{id:"50800",title:"MSc.",name:"Srikant",middleName:"Prasad",surname:"Verma",fullName:"Srikant Verma",slug:"srikant-verma"},{id:"50801",title:"Mr",name:"Ab Rauf",middleName:"Rauf",surname:"Shah",fullName:"Ab Rauf Shah",slug:"ab-rauf-shah"},{id:"50802",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhanwar Lal",middleName:null,surname:"Puniya",fullName:"Bhanwar Lal Puniya",slug:"bhanwar-lal-puniya"},{id:"50803",title:"Mrs.",name:"Rupanjali",middleName:null,surname:"Chaudhuri",fullName:"Rupanjali Chaudhuri",slug:"rupanjali-chaudhuri"},{id:"50804",title:"Mr.",name:"Rahul",middleName:"Shubhra",surname:"Mandal",fullName:"Rahul Mandal",slug:"rahul-mandal"}]},{id:"20027",type:"chapter",title:"Improving Bio-technology Processes Using Computational Techniques",slug:"improving-bio-technology-processes-using-computational-techniques",totalDownloads:1664,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Avinash Shankaranarayanan and Christine Amaldas",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"34364",title:"Dr.",name:"Avinash",middleName:null,surname:"Shankaranarayanan",fullName:"Avinash Shankaranarayanan",slug:"avinash-shankaranarayanan"},{id:"48894",title:"Prof.",name:"Christine",middleName:null,surname:"Amaldas",fullName:"Christine Amaldas",slug:"christine-amaldas"}]},{id:"20028",type:"chapter",title:"Signal Processing Methods for Capillary Electrophoresis",slug:"signal-processing-methods-for-capillary-electrophoresis",totalDownloads:3991,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Robert Stewart, Iftah Gideoni and Yonggang Zhu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"52066",title:"Dr.",name:"Yonggang",middleName:null,surname:"Zhu",fullName:"Yonggang Zhu",slug:"yonggang-zhu"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"260",title:"Systems and Computational Biology",subtitle:"Molecular and Cellular Experimental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"701901030f1fc71b5712857445649f26",slug:"systems-and-computational-biology-molecular-and-cellular-experimental-systems",bookSignature:"Ning-Sun Yang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/260.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"41256",title:"Prof.",name:"Ning-Sun",surname:"Yang",slug:"ning-sun-yang",fullName:"Ning-Sun Yang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"20319",title:"Gene Expression Analysis Using RNA-Seq from Organisms Lacking Substantial Genomic Resources",slug:"gene-expression-analysis-using-rna-seq-from-organisms-lacking-substantial-genomic-resources",signatures:"Yingjia Shen, Tzintzuni Garcia and Ronald B. Walter",authors:[{id:"36200",title:"Prof.",name:"Ronald",middleName:"B.",surname:"Walter",fullName:"Ronald Walter",slug:"ronald-walter"},{id:"94086",title:"Dr.",name:"Yingjia",middleName:null,surname:"Shen",fullName:"Yingjia Shen",slug:"yingjia-shen"},{id:"94087",title:"Dr.",name:"Tzintzuni",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia",fullName:"Tzintzuni Garcia",slug:"tzintzuni-garcia"}]},{id:"20320",title:"Linguistic Approaches for Annotation, Visualization and Comparison of Prokaryotic Genomes and Environmental Sequences",slug:"linguistic-approaches-for-annotation-visualization-and-comparison-of-prokaryotic-genomes-and-environ",signatures:"Oliver Bezuidt, Hamilton Ganesan, Phillip Labuschange, Warren Emmett, Rian Pierneef and Oleg N. Reva",authors:[{id:"34440",title:"Dr.",name:"Oleg",middleName:null,surname:"Reva",fullName:"Oleg Reva",slug:"oleg-reva"},{id:"39708",title:"Mr.",name:"Oliver",middleName:null,surname:"Bezuidt",fullName:"Oliver Bezuidt",slug:"oliver-bezuidt"},{id:"39709",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamilton",middleName:null,surname:"Ganesan",fullName:"Hamilton Ganesan",slug:"hamilton-ganesan"},{id:"39710",title:"Mr.",name:"Phillip",middleName:null,surname:"Labuschange",fullName:"Phillip Labuschange",slug:"phillip-labuschange"},{id:"86235",title:"Mr.",name:"Warren",middleName:null,surname:"Emmett",fullName:"Warren Emmett",slug:"warren-emmett"},{id:"86238",title:"Mr.",name:"Rian",middleName:null,surname:"Pierneef",fullName:"Rian Pierneef",slug:"rian-pierneef"}]},{id:"20321",title:"On the Structural Characteristics of the Protein Active Sites and Their Relation to Thermal Fluctuations",slug:"on-the-structural-characteristics-of-the-protein-active-sites-and-their-relation-to-thermal-fluctuat",signatures:"Shao-Wei Huang and Jenn-Kang Hwang",authors:[{id:"35336",title:"Prof.",name:"Jenn-Kang",middleName:null,surname:"Hwang",fullName:"Jenn-Kang Hwang",slug:"jenn-kang-hwang"},{id:"48026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shao-Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Shao-Wei Huang",slug:"shao-wei-huang"}]},{id:"20322",title:"Decomposition of Intramolecular Interactions Between Amino-Acids in Globular Proteins - A Consequence for Structural Classes of Proteins and Methods of Their Classification",slug:"decomposition-of-intramolecular-interactions-between-amino-acids-in-globular-proteins-a-consequence-",signatures:"Boris Fackovec and Jiri Vondrasek",authors:[{id:"38217",title:"Dr.",name:"Jiri",middleName:null,surname:"Vondrasek",fullName:"Jiri Vondrasek",slug:"jiri-vondrasek"},{id:"50346",title:"Mr",name:"Boris",middleName:null,surname:"Fackovec",fullName:"Boris Fackovec",slug:"boris-fackovec"}]},{id:"20323",title:"The Prediction and Analysis of Inter- and Intra-Species Protein-Protein Interaction",slug:"the-prediction-and-analysis-of-inter-and-intra-species-protein-protein-interaction",signatures:"Theresa Tsun-Hui Tsao, Chen-Hsiung Chan, Chi-Ying F. Huang and Sheng-An Lee",authors:[{id:"37527",title:"Dr.",name:"Sheng-An",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Sheng-An Lee",slug:"sheng-an-lee"},{id:"50910",title:"Dr.",name:"Chen-Hsiung",middleName:null,surname:"Chan",fullName:"Chen-Hsiung Chan",slug:"chen-hsiung-chan"},{id:"50911",title:"Prof.",name:"Chi-Ying F.",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Chi-Ying F. Huang",slug:"chi-ying-f.-huang"},{id:"50985",title:"Dr.",name:"Theresa Tsun-Hui",middleName:null,surname:"Tsao",fullName:"Theresa Tsun-Hui Tsao",slug:"theresa-tsun-hui-tsao"}]},{id:"20324",title:"Computational Prediction of Post-Translational Modification Sites in Proteins",slug:"computational-prediction-of-post-translational-modification-sites-in-proteins",signatures:"Yu Xue, Zexian Liu, Jun Cao and Jian Ren",authors:[{id:"31851",title:"Dr.",name:"Yu",middleName:null,surname:"Xue",fullName:"Yu Xue",slug:"yu-xue"},{id:"47639",title:"Mr",name:"Zexian",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Zexian Liu",slug:"zexian-liu"},{id:"47640",title:"Ms.",name:"Jun",middleName:null,surname:"Cao",fullName:"Jun Cao",slug:"jun-cao"},{id:"47643",title:"Prof.",name:"Jian",middleName:null,surname:"Ren",fullName:"Jian Ren",slug:"jian-ren"}]},{id:"20325",title:"Protein Networks: Generation, Structural Analysis and Exploitation",slug:"protein-networks-generation-structural-analysis-and-exploitation",signatures:"Enrico M. Bucci, Massimo Natale and Alice Poli",authors:[{id:"32246",title:"Dr",name:"Enrico",middleName:"M.",surname:"Bucci",fullName:"Enrico Bucci",slug:"enrico-bucci"},{id:"49231",title:"Dr.",name:"Massimo",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",fullName:"Massimo Natale",slug:"massimo-natale"},{id:"49232",title:"Dr.",name:"Alice",middleName:null,surname:"Poli",fullName:"Alice Poli",slug:"alice-poli"}]},{id:"20314",title:"Prediction and Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks in Prokaryotic Genomes",slug:"prediction-and-analysis-of-gene-regulatory-networks-in-prokaryotic-genomes",signatures:"Richard Münch, Johannes Klein and Dieter Jahn",authors:[{id:"42008",title:"Prof.",name:"Dieter",middleName:null,surname:"Jahn",fullName:"Dieter Jahn",slug:"dieter-jahn"},{id:"49157",title:"Dr.",name:"Richard",middleName:null,surname:"Münch",fullName:"Richard Münch",slug:"richard-munch"},{id:"97182",title:"Dr.",name:"Johannes",middleName:null,surname:"Klein",fullName:"Johannes Klein",slug:"johannes-klein"}]},{id:"20315",title:"Mining Host-Pathogen Interactions",slug:"mining-host-pathogen-interactions",signatures:"Dmitry Korkin, Thanh Thieu, Sneha Joshi and Samantha Warren",authors:[{id:"45881",title:"Prof.",name:"Dmitry",middleName:null,surname:"Korkin",fullName:"Dmitry Korkin",slug:"dmitry-korkin"},{id:"63327",title:"Mr.",name:"Thanh",middleName:null,surname:"Thieu",fullName:"Thanh Thieu",slug:"thanh-thieu"},{id:"63328",title:"MSc",name:"Sneha",middleName:null,surname:"Joshi",fullName:"Sneha Joshi",slug:"sneha-joshi"},{id:"63329",title:"Mrs.",name:"Samantha",middleName:null,surname:"Warren",fullName:"Samantha Warren",slug:"samantha-warren"}]},{id:"20316",title:"Prediction of Novel Pathway Elements and Interactions Using Bayesian Networks",slug:"prediction-of-novel-pathway-elements-and-interactions-using-bayesian-networks",signatures:"Andrew P. Hodges, Peter Woolf and Yongqun He ξ",authors:[{id:"10751",title:"Prof.",name:"Yongqun",middleName:null,surname:"He",fullName:"Yongqun He",slug:"yongqun-he"},{id:"51200",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Hodges",fullName:"Andrew Hodges",slug:"andrew-hodges"},{id:"51201",title:"Prof.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Woolf",fullName:"Peter Woolf",slug:"peter-woolf"}]},{id:"20317",title:"MicroRNA Identification Based on Bioinformatics Approaches",slug:"microrna-identification-based-on-bioinformatics-approaches",signatures:"Malik Yousef, Naim Najami and Walid Khaleifa",authors:[{id:"48306",title:"Dr.",name:"Malik",middleName:null,surname:"Yousef",fullName:"Malik Yousef",slug:"malik-yousef"},{id:"48307",title:"Dr.",name:"Waleedd",middleName:null,surname:"Khalifa",fullName:"Waleedd Khalifa",slug:"waleedd-khalifa"},{id:"114762",title:"Dr",name:"Naim",middleName:null,surname:"Najami",fullName:"Naim Najami",slug:"naim-najami"}]},{id:"20318",title:"Motif Discovery with Compact Approaches - Design and Applications",slug:"motif-discovery-with-compact-approaches-design-and-applications",signatures:"Cinzia Pizzi",authors:[{id:"49149",title:"Dr.",name:"Cinzia",middleName:null,surname:"Pizzi",fullName:"Cinzia Pizzi",slug:"cinzia-pizzi"}]},{id:"20309",title:"Data Mining Pubmed Using Natural Language Processing to Generate the β-Catenin Biological Association Network",slug:"data-mining-pubmed-using-natural-language-processing-to-generate-the-catenin-biological-association-",signatures:"Fengming Lan, Xiao Yue, Lei Han, Peiyu Pu and Chunsheng Kang",authors:[{id:"32217",title:"Prof.",name:"Chunsheng",middleName:null,surname:"Kang",fullName:"Chunsheng Kang",slug:"chunsheng-kang"},{id:"46409",title:"Dr.",name:"Peiyu",middleName:null,surname:"Pu",fullName:"Peiyu Pu",slug:"peiyu-pu"},{id:"48460",title:"MSc.",name:"Xiao",middleName:null,surname:"Yue",fullName:"Xiao Yue",slug:"xiao-yue"},{id:"48461",title:"MSc.",name:"Fengming",middleName:null,surname:"Lan",fullName:"Fengming Lan",slug:"fengming-lan"}]},{id:"20310",title:"In Silico Identification of Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides",slug:"in-silico-identification-of-plant-derived-antimicrobial-peptides",signatures:"Maria Clara Pestana-Calsa and Tercilio Calsa Jr.",authors:[{id:"42085",title:"Dr.",name:"Tercilio",middleName:null,surname:"Calsa Jr",fullName:"Tercilio Calsa Jr",slug:"tercilio-calsa-jr"},{id:"114941",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Clara",middleName:null,surname:"Pestana-Calsa",fullName:"Maria Clara Pestana-Calsa",slug:"maria-clara-pestana-calsa"}]},{id:"20311",title:"Mining Effector Proteins in Phytopathogenic Fungi",slug:"mining-effector-proteins-in-phytopathogenic-fungi",signatures:"Li Cheng-yun and Yang Jing",authors:[{id:"50639",title:"Prof.",name:"Chengyun",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Chengyun Li",slug:"chengyun-li"},{id:"50640",title:"Dr.",name:"Jing",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",fullName:"Jing Yang",slug:"jing-yang"}]},{id:"20312",title:"Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Phytomedicines Evaluated Using Omics Approaches",slug:"immuno-modulatory-effects-of-phytomedicines-evaluated-using-omics-approaches",signatures:"Shu-Yi Yin and Ning-Sun Yang",authors:[{id:"41256",title:"Prof.",name:"Ning-Sun",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",fullName:"Ning-Sun Yang",slug:"ning-sun-yang"},{id:"53084",title:"Mr.",name:"Shu-Yi",middleName:null,surname:"Yin",fullName:"Shu-Yi Yin",slug:"shu-yi-yin"},{id:"53085",title:"Dr.",name:"Kandan",middleName:null,surname:"Aravindaram",fullName:"Kandan Aravindaram",slug:"kandan-aravindaram"}]},{id:"20313",title:"High Content and Throughput Drug Discovery",slug:"high-content-and-throughput-drug-discovery",signatures:"Quin Wills",authors:[{id:"44195",title:"Dr.",name:"Quin",middleName:null,surname:"Wills",fullName:"Quin Wills",slug:"quin-wills"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"260",title:"Systems and Computational Biology",subtitle:"Molecular and Cellular Experimental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"701901030f1fc71b5712857445649f26",slug:"systems-and-computational-biology-molecular-and-cellular-experimental-systems",bookSignature:"Ning-Sun Yang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/260.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"41256",title:"Prof.",name:"Ning-Sun",surname:"Yang",slug:"ning-sun-yang",fullName:"Ning-Sun Yang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1405",title:"Systems and Computational Biology",subtitle:"Bioinformatics and Computational Modeling",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c648682f141815097872c4d82d47ee9b",slug:"systems-and-computational-biology-bioinformatics-and-computational-modeling",bookSignature:"Ning-Sun Yang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1405.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"41256",title:"Prof.",name:"Ning-Sun",surname:"Yang",slug:"ning-sun-yang",fullName:"Ning-Sun Yang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7646",title:"Scientometrics Recent Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"86bbdd04d7e80be14283d44969d1cc32",slug:"scientometrics-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Suad Kunosic and Enver Zerem",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7646.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"88678",title:"Prof.",name:"Suad",surname:"Kunosic",slug:"suad-kunosic",fullName:"Suad Kunosic"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"1405",title:"Systems and Computational Biology",subtitle:"Bioinformatics and Computational Modeling",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c648682f141815097872c4d82d47ee9b",slug:"systems-and-computational-biology-bioinformatics-and-computational-modeling",bookSignature:"Ning-Sun Yang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1405.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"41256",title:"Prof.",name:"Ning-Sun",surname:"Yang",slug:"ning-sun-yang",fullName:"Ning-Sun Yang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"80930",title:"Lightweight Cryptographic Techniques in 5G Software-Defined Internet of Things Networking",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102984",slug:"lightweight-cryptographic-techniques-in-5g-software-defined-internet-of-things-networking",body:'
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an intelligent architecture in networking. It decouples the control and data plane which helps to improve the network performance and make it scalable, secure, and programmable. Internet of Things (IoT) network embedded with sensors nodes, RFID tags, smart cards, low resource devices which can communicate and share huge data to provide services to the clients. It is too difficult to provide security to the IoT system in heterogeneous and large networks. To combine SDN and IoT in a single architecture as SDN-IoT, it can make the infrastructure plane controllable, smart, reliable, and scalable [1]. IoT has many applications in different areas such as smart cities, smart vehicular networks, and security surveillance. To make these secure, SDN plays a huge part since it controls the whole network from its control plane. IoT devices capture and store sensitive information which is a great concern to make the network and physical devices secure from the eavesdroppers. 5G is the latest communication technology that is famous for low latency, massive connectivity, high throughput, and heterogeneous nature. By making SDN-IoT architecture in 5G, it can be flexible, dynamic and helps to improve the bad scalability due to hardware differences in heterogeneous environments. To make these happen there are many security challenges that need to be taken care of. One of the major necessities of 5G is low latency which is a real challenge with a huge growing market. Many cryptographic algorithms exist, but due to their high time and space complexity requirements, it will be a good choice to avoid these in a fast communication system like 5G. Recently, a lightweight cryptographic algorithm (LWCA) is a new area of cryptography applied in 5G [2]. These algorithms do not require much space, and the time complexity is also low which makes this technique applicable in IoT networks where limited battery life and strict physical constraints both need to be considered. Currently, many researchers tend to shift their focus from cryptographic aspects of security to lightweight security algorithms [3]. This helps the system to become less complex, provide high performance and also lower the cost. Traditional cryptographic techniques have high complexity as well as it is difficult to implement. In this chapter, we discuss different lightweight cryptographic algorithms and their applications in the SDN-5G network. There are three vulnerable areas in SDN-IoT architecture: Control Plane, Data Plane, and the Interfaces between Control and Data Plane due to their programmable nature and open access architecture.
LCAs are divided into four types: 1. Block cipher, 2. Stream cipher, 3. Hash functions, 4. Elliptic curve cryptography. Each of the techniques has its own strength and weaknesses. Based on the application’s requirements, it can be used in different layers of SDN-IoT architecture. Block ciphers are AES, DES, DESL, DESX, DESLX, Piccolo, TEA, XTEA, mCRYPTON, PRESENT, TWINE, LBlock whereas SNOW-V and Espresso are the stream cipher presented in this chapter maintaining the strict requirements of LWCA. Apart from the above-mentioned algorithms also, GRAIN works as a stream cipher and can use as one of the LWC algorithms in the SDN-IoT network. It uses very few gates with high security and less power consumption. When it comes to security perspectives, HIGHT, ICEBERG, CLEFIA are good choices. Hummingbird holds both of the properties of block and stream cipher and can implement in both hardware as well software. This flexibility of implementation and maintaining the lightweight properties can use this technique in both the infrastructure and control layers of the SDN-IoT network in 5G. SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-3, BLAKE2 are the algorithms used as Hash function techniques. We will discuss each of them and their applications in the SDN-IoT network later in this chapter. There are some application areas of cryptography where we work with such devices that operate on battery power and need cryptographic algorithms which consume less power, such devices are medical implant devices or environment-measuring devices. Although very few works have been done in this direction and many exposures are open for future research work in this subarea of cryptography which we mention here as lightweight cryptography (LWC). Most of the LWC algorithms can resist linear and differential attacks which are the basic criteria of any general cryptographic algorithm. It is important to measure the performance of LWC algorithms before using them in any application. One of the key criteria of the LWC algorithm is low latency. For that, some of the automobile sectors which require immediate response use LWC techniques for security purposes. IoT devices that require less CPU cost and memory consumption such as smart TV, tablet PCs are the application area of LWCAs. Also, medical sensors, smart agriculture sensors, RFID tag applications, electrical home appliances, automobile industry are the different applications of LWCAs.
Software-defined networking (SDN), a network architecture, provides an environment that enables the network traffic and connectivity provided by a set of network resources that are centrally controlled or programmed by software applications. It manages the data traffic forwarding or processing functions, such as QoS, filtering, monitoring, or tapping. Except the traditional network architecture, the SDN architecture logically decouples data and control plane which helps to control the network centrally from the control plane. This helps to improve the scalability of SDN architecture. Figure 1 illustrates the working principles of SDN. SDN architecture comprises three basic components: Data Plane, Control Plane, Application Plane.
Software defined networking architecture.
It consists of hosts and Open Flow (OF) switches. OF forwards data from source to a destination following the instructions of the Control layer. The data plane handles the data traffic forwarding and processing based on the configuration set by the control plane. It implements all the forwarding and processing decisions which have been made and commanded by the control plane. Also, the data plane needs to respond to network failure which is configured by the control plane. The controller plane interface with the data plane is called D-CPI. It executes the function which is capable of event notification.
It controls the network resources of the data plane. Resources that are involved to forward and processing data traffic. It may comprise a set of SDN controllers based on the number of applications. The concern of control plane in case of multiple SDN controllers also to execute different applications with no overlapping with one another. To execute multiple application controllers, it has to communicate with one another. SDN controller which is a network operating system (NOS) is a logical concept. It is programmable and centrally keeps track of the global view of the network and data traffic. It dynamically configures the working strategy of the devices in the data plane.
It consists of one or more applications that have the capability to communicate with them. The controller plane interface with the application plane is called A-CPI. Each SDN application may consist of a coordinator, SDN application logic, and A-CPI agent. An SDN application may invoke more than one SDN controller through the A-CPI interface to achieve its goal.
A heterogeneous network of smart devices that are connected and communicated for transferring a large amount of data to provide services according to client application’s requirements technically called IoT. To make the physical structures, such as buildings, transportation vehicles, transportation networks, information technology networks more smart, secure, and automated, IoT is a great solution. It can make the physical devices interact with each other. It divides the whole network into three main abstract levels, sensing layer, network layer, the application layer. Figure 2 illustrates the working principles of IoT with detailed descriptions of all layers.
Internet of things architecture in 5G network.
It is also called the perception layer. All the hardware integration has been done in this layer. In traditional internet, this layer is equivalent to the physical layer. It senses and collects data from physical devices. The data can be temperature, humidity, presence or absence of some observable, etc.
It is also called the transport layer. It acts as a bridge between the sensing layer and the application layer. It transmits the data collected from the sensing layer and sends it to the application layer based on applications requirements. The network layer can be wired or wireless, sometimes both wired and wireless networks can together make an IoT network. This layer is responsible for receiving instructions from the controller.
This is the last layer of abstraction in the IoT network. It receives data comes from the networks layer and based on this; it provides service. The applications can be a smart home, smart cities, smart vehicular network, security, and surveillance of a building.
SDN architecture plays an important role for security purposes and traffic analysis. This architecture will help in SDN-IoT network for security purposes which is better than traditional internet in many different ways. As the name implies SDN working principle is based on software programming and control by the control plane. The advantages of an SDN network over the traditional network are it helps to modify the software functions based on dynamic requirements really quickly which is a great concern of traditional networks where the software functions are fixed. The inability for scaling, poor network security, and performance are the great concern in the traditional network which has been mitigated in SDN architecture.
Recently IoT is the fastest growing technology with dynamic characteristics. Traditional internet has static constraints which is the most difficult barrier to work with IoT networks. The dynamism and centralized control architecture of SDN helps IoT to be a great partner of SDN rather than of traditional internet. Also, SDN provides debugging tool which helps the IoT environment to enhance security which earlier was not possible on the traditional internet.
Figure 3 illustrates SDN with IoT architecture. This configuration divides the network into three layers, the infrastructure layer, control layer, and service layer or application layer.
Software-defined internet of things architecture.
The infrastructure layer is divided into two sublayers sensing layer and the communication layer. The sensing layer consists of different smart IoT devices and the communication layer consists of different data forwarding devices. The IoT devices help to create different IoT applications. These IoT devices collect a large volume of data from the physical plane. In comparison to SDN architecture, the infrastructure layer is equivalent to the data layer. The infrastructure layer consists of Open Flow (OF) switches which work exactly the same as what OF works in SDN architecture.
The next layer in SDN-IoT architecture is called the control layer which contains an SDN controller or a number of controllers. This layer is responsible for global controlling and monitoring communications between the infrastructure layer and the application layer. Multiple controllers can help in this regard if anyone fails since controllers are communicating with one another. This type of configuration called the multi-controller master–slave deployment model, where one controller act as a master controller and others are act as slaves waiting for the instructions of the master controller if any one of the slave controllers fails to follow the instructions of the master controller. There are more than 30 controllers available up to now where some of them are open source and others are proprietary with their own programming languages and interfaces.
The application layer is responsible for different IoT services, such as smart home and smart city. This is also called the service layer in standard SDN-IoT architecture. The control layer communicates using the D-CPI interface to get required data from the sensing layer and using the A-CPI interface communicates with the application or service layer.
The difference between a traditional network and SDN is it decouples the control and data plane which divides the network into a set of components and interfaces. This unique feature of SDN makes it different from the traditional network also makes it vulnerable in terms of security. The controller plane is the central part of SDN, an attack in the controller plane may collapse the whole network. There are a few vulnerable areas that SDN encounters due to its centralized control and open programmable interfaces. The attacks can target to different areas of SDN described below:
To measure the performance of lightweight algorithms, there are some performance metrics are described below.
Latency = N ∗ CriticalPathoftheCircuit
Energy = Latency ∗ Power/blocksize.
Efficiency = Throughput/Complexity.
Complexity in terms of chip area is defined by GE and so the unit used to define complexity is KGE. For a software implementation, the efficiency can be calculated as:
Efficiency = Throughput/Codesize.
In this case, code size is defined in KB.
The major constraint of IoT devices is it has limited resources in terms of processing power, storage and memory. This must be a primary reason when lightweight cryptographic (LWC) techniques came into the picture. This technique works in tight memory and resource constraints environments and has low computational complexity. Resources can be the size of the chip, cost of the IoT device, total speed, and power consumption. The size of the chip used in smart IoT devices must be small, so the encryption algorithm code size should be small enough to fit into these chips. The overall cost of the IoT devices should not increase much after using an encryption algorithm. The programming languages used to code the algorithm should be energy efficient, require less run time and memory [4]. LWC techniques are used for extremely low resource constraints devices which are communicating in IoT networks. LWC is one of the subbranch of cryptographic techniques. The battery technology is increasing relatively slowly and most of the encryption algorithm takes huge energy, so there is a trade-off between energy consumption and security.
5G mobile communication architecture is divided into three sections [2]—radio access network (RAN), core network, and application network. RAN in the infrastructure layer of the SDN-IoT network connects devices with one another to the control layer. In comparison with the hardware architecture, using software architecture reduces the equipment, development cost and improves flexibility. RAN can be modified to C-RAN which is a cloud/centralized RAN that works using software programming in 5G network. The security operations then moved to the cloud and implemented using software programs. This makes the cryptographic designer focuses more on the security aspects of the algorithm than the hardware efficiency which measures in GE. In this context, AES-256 is a great solution against quantum computing. There are a few algorithms discussed below, such as AES-256, SNOW-V, DES, Piccolo, Hash Algorithm, Espresso, which are potential for 5G security perspectives in the software platform. It is recommended to use in the cloud environment and is suitable for SDN-IoT architecture.
The security concern of SDN-IoT architecture comes into three layers as mentioned above. The first layer is an infrastructure layer, in IoT architecture, the infrastructure layer is equivalent to the sensing layer and in comparison to SDN architecture, this layer is equivalent to the data layer. All the LWC algorithms suitable for strict memory constraint IoT devices are used in this plane. The second layer is the control layer, which controls the overall system’s architecture and the third layer is the service layer or application layer. Below we discuss all three layers and the potential LWC algorithms for each layer.
SDN-IoT control layer is responsible for controlling the whole structure and traffic monitoring in a centralized manner, for that any malicious action can be detected from the control plane easily and for immediately taking an action. Multiple controllers connected by east/westbound interfaces with one another to maintain the connection. These interfaces are suffered from a lack of security support protocols and are easily vulnerable by the attacker. Identity-based cryptography (IBC) and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) [5] are the two security solutions for this problem. Other cryptographic algorithms used in the control layer are Hash algorithms [6], AES [7], PRESENT [8], DES [9], etc.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC): ECC belongs to the category of LWC techniques. The key size has a significant role in cryptographic algorithms. The more the key size, the hard the algorithm to break. ECC which is based on a public-key cryptographic approach provides the same level of security as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm but with a smaller key size. ECC with the 521-bit length of key provides the same level of security as Conventional RSA with a 15,360-bit length which implies ECC uses less memory than Conventional RSA signifies a great impact of mobile optimization. The key creation also takes less time in ECC which uses an elliptic curve to generate faster and smaller keys than the Conventional RSA algorithm which uses large prime numbers. To break the 228-bit ECC key, it would take more energy than the total energy required to boil all the water on the earth. This technique is called the next generation of cryptography since this is not a widely accepted method in the cryptographic system yet. It uses a complex mathematical algorithm to protect data which is a game-changer in the near future of cryptography. ECC is an asymmetric algorithm like RSA.
Hash Algorithms: Hash technique is considered a lightweight one-way authentication technique for generating a digital signature. SHA-1 and SHA-2 both are used in the control plane of SDN-IoT architecture of 5G network. The SHA-2 uses 256-bit digest whereas SHA-1 uses 160-bit digest confirms SHA-2 is more difficult to break than SHA-1 was the reason SHA-1 has not been used since 2010. The most recently developed Hash algorithm is SHA-3 which can be a future concept of SDN-IoT security architecture. All the hash algorithms from the SHA family standardize by the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST). The total number of iterations taken by SHA algorithms is 80 which leads to a power-hungry situation. This in terns leads to a requirement of using the BLAKE2 hashing algorithm which uses eight rounds to generate a message digest of 256-bit. Also, the time and space requirement of the BLAKE2 algorithm is much better than SHA in digital signature-based authentication schemes. All the security threats can handle by SHA-2 algorithms up to today. SHA-3 will be used in the near future if any such situations are beyond the capability of SHA-2.
AES-256 [7]: It is a block cipher algorithm with a 128-bit data block and 256-bit key length used for encryption purposes in the control layer. The key length is variable; therefore, 128-bit key length requires 10 rounds, 192-bit key requires 12 rounds, 256-bit key requires 14 rounds. The throughput achieves for plaintext size 256 bytes is 22.67Gbps which is more than the targeted downlink speed requirement of 5G, which is 20Gbps. An AES implementation for RFID tag takes 3600 GE which is far beyond the minimum criteria of IoT nodes which is 2000 GE. This is one of the reason; AES-256 is used in cloud or software environments rather than hardware constraint environments such as the infrastructure layer of the SDN-IoT network. The control layer uses cloud and virtualization technologies to virtualize and centralize the function where securing the system using AES, DES, or other highly secure algorithms are recommended. Here security is more important than hardware cost. One of the famous lightweight IoT app “Flutter” includes AES-256 for encryption purposes.
SNOW-V: A 256-bit key length stream cipher can implement both in hardware as well software as SNOW-V [10]. Here V stands for virtualization. This algorithm takes the design and security techniques from SNOW 3G techniques. In this cryptographic technique, the throughput achieves for 256 bytes of plaintext is 26.37 Gbps. In comparison with SNOW 3G where the throughput achieves for 256 bytes of plaintext is 5.38 Gbps does not meet the minimum criteria of 5G network. So, there is a need to revise SNOW 3G to SNOW-V to meet 5G requirements. Both of the technique works with a key length of 256-bit. In a hardware implementation, it may require a large portion which may reach up to 19,179 GE. It is recommended to use this technique in a software environment and may not use for hardware constraint IoT devices.
DES: The main difference between AES and DES [9] is DES has a key size lesser than AES. This block cipher uses 56-bit keys with 64-bit blocks. Reducing the key size also reduces the hardware requirements of this algorithm while implementing it in a hardware environment. A smaller key size will lead to a lower security level. There are two variants of DES: DESL and DESX. Hardware implementation costs for DES and DESX are 2309GE and 2629GE. DESX uses the key-whitening technique to improve security performance. Another variation of the DES algorithm is DESXL which is the combination of DESL and DESX with GE 2169. On the other hand, DESL uses 1848 GE which is fairly a great deal for using it in hardware constraint devices such as RFID tags. DESL optionally uses the key-whitening method and avoid brute-force attack also reduces gate complexity by using serial hardware architecture and replacing 8 S-Boxes with a single box. This algorithm also improves the resistance against linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis attacks. One of the variants of DES is 3DES also used in the control layer for encryption purposes.
Piccolo [11]: It is a 64-bit block cipher supporting 80-bit and 128-bit keys. From a security perspective as well as compact design aspects, this lightweight encryption technique can handle both. Both encryption and decryption take 818GE. This algorithm is not only famous for its minimal GE requirement but provides strong security against many attacks, such as Differential Attack, Linear Attack, Boomerang-Type Attacks, Impossible Differential Attack, Related-Key Differential Attacks, Meet-in-the-Middle Attack. This algorithm is suitable in a cloud environment which confirms to use it in the control layer of the SDN-IoT network. Due to its small memory requirements, it can also use in the infrastructure layer.
Espresso: This is a stream cipher that combines both of the primary constraints of 5G and IoT network which is hardware area requirements and throughput and provides a solution as an encryption technique. This technique is called the best trade-off between GE measure and throughput while security standards are also maintained. The hardware implementation requires 2045GE with 8.88Gbps throughput and 59 ns latency which meet most of the 5G requirements [12].
The SDN-IoT infrastructure layer is integrated with constrained devices that require security algorithms that take less area to execute. Apart from timing, power, and energy [13] constraints, the area is another primary constraint of IoT devices. One of the metrics to measure the efficiency of the algorithm in terms of hardware area is gate equivalence. It is noted that GE less than 2000 is recommended for IoT devices in 5G network since they have very strict hardware and timing constraints, such as RFID tags, sensor nodes, smart and cards. All the encryption algorithms described here mostly have less than 2000 GE and are very efficient in terms of power consumption and timing.
TEA: TEA [14] is a lightweight cryptographic block cipher algorithm that is the fastest and is famous for its simple implementation. This algorithm is implemented in software with very few lines of code that can be implemented in any programming language is the main reason for its high-speed nature. This approach is resistant to differential attacks which is one of the major problems for IoT devices. XTEA and XXTEA are the two variants of TEA that are more efficient in terms of security and implementation. TEA follows the architecture of IDEA, a symmetric key block cipher that brings the gap between AES and DES. TEA uses 64-bit blocks and 128-bit keys. XXTEA which is the modified variant of block TEA, another variant of TEA works on variable-length blocks.
mCRYPTON: Another block cipher for resource constraint tiny devices, such as low-cost RFID tags and sensors is Miniature CRYPTON (mCRYPTON) [15]. mCRYPTON follows the architecture of CRYPTON, a 64-bit block cipher with key size options 64, 96, and 128-bits. mCRYPTON provides an economic hardware cost of 2400 GE for encryption under 0.13 m CMOS technology. This hardware cost is affordable for RFID tags and sensor nodes. For further size reduction of 30% requires compact implementation of each component in both hardware and software.
PRESENT: PRESENT is another cryptographic technique known to be ultra-lightweight block cipher. In the case of PRESENT, it uses 1570 GE which is considered to be one of the lowest areas consumed while evaluating code for the algorithm. It is designed to be implemented in hardware and it is very difficult to implement it in software for the use of bitwise permutation.
HIGHT: HIGHT [16] is another lightweight algorithm for low resource IoT devices that require 3000 GE. In comparison with AES which requires 3400 GE, this algorithm takes less time to execute with a block length of 64-bit and a key length of 128-bit. Although the GE requirement of HIGH is much higher than other lightweight algorithms but the security aspects confirm this algorithm to use for IoT devices.
TWINE: TWINE [17] is another approach for lightweight cryptography with 1800 GE. It can be implemented in hardware as well as software signifies a good balance for hardware and software. TWINE is a 64-bit block cipher that supports the key value of 80-bit and 128-bit.
LBlock: LBlock [18] is a lightweight block cipher of block size 64-bit and the key size is 80-bit. The area efficiency of this algorithm is 1320 GE on 0.18 m technology with a throughput of 200 Kbps at 100 KHz and the software implementation on an 8-bit microcontroller requires 3955 clock cycles to encrypt a plaintext block.
The application layer is responsible for different IoT services, such as smart home, smart city, etc. This is also called the service layer in standard SDN-IoT architecture. Different protocols work on the application layer of the IoT network. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is one of the protocols used in the application layer which enhances machine-to-machine communication between client and server. The challenge of the MQTT protocol in 5G is to work with constraint IoT devices. The security improvement of the MQTT protocol is called Secure MQTT (SMQTT). The new version improves the security perspective of MQTT. For this purpose, there are many lightweight security algorithms are used, such as AES and RSA. Arduino is an open-source IoT development tool that uses the RSA algorithm. Diffie-Hellman (DH) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) can be an alternative solution to the RSA algorithm. ECC is the most efficient public-key encryption technique in terms of power consumption for resource constraints IoT devices in comparison with other encryption techniques, such as RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA). In ECC, it uses less key size and provides higher security. It is also a low latency algorithm that can be implemented in hardware as well as software environment leads to use this in infrastructure layer as well as cloud security environment. This technique also supports the minimum requirements of 5G security in terms of key value which must be at least 256-bit. We present the comparison of different LWCA in terms of GE, block length, and key length in Table 1.
SDN-IoT different layers | LWCA | Hardware area (GE) | Key length (bit) | Block length (bit) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infrastructure layer | TEA [14] | 2100 | 128 | 64 |
mCRYPTON [15] | 2400 | 64/96/128 | 64 | |
PRESENT [8] | 1570 | 80/128 | 64 | |
HIGHT [16] | 3000 | 128 | 64 | |
TWINE [17] | 1800 | 80/128 | 64 | |
LBlock [18] | 1320 | 80 | 64 | |
Control layer and Infrastructure layer | AES-256 [7] | 3600 | 128/192/256 | 128 |
SNOW-V [10] | 19,179 | 256 | — | |
DES [9] | 2309 | 56 | 64 | |
Piccolo [11] | 818 | 80/128 | 64 | |
Espresso [12] | 2045 | 128 | — | |
Service Layer | AES [7] | 3600 | 128/192/256 | 128 |
Comparison of different LWCA for different layers of SDN-IoT network in 5G.
All the LWC algorithms presented in this chapter can implement in software/hardware/both environments. We are here to present a code snippet of the TEA algorithm using c language with a few lines of code. Here we present the algorithm for implementation purposes. The algorithm uses 32 rounds, although 16 rounds are sufficient. The term “delta” indicates here golden ratio serves for encryption/decryption purposes to get different values in each round.
Encryption:
Initialize:
int. round = 0;
unsigned long delta = 0x9e3779b9, a = 0, data[], key[], p, q;
p = data[0], q = data[1];
While (round <32)
a = a + delta;
p + = ((q < <4) + key[0])^(q + a)^((q> > 5) + key[1]);
q + = ((p < <4) + key[2])^(p + a)^((p> > 5) + key[3]);
round ++;
data[0] = p, data[1] = q;
Decryption:
Initialize:
int. round = 32;
unsigned long delta = 0x9e3779b9, data[], key[], p, q, a;
p = data[0], q = data[1], a = (delta<<5);
While (round >0)
q + = ((p < <4) + key[2])^(p + a)^((p> > 5) + key[3]);
p + = ((q < <4) + key[0])^(q + a)^((q> > 5) + key[1]);
a = a - delta;
round --;
data[0] = p, data[1] = q;
In the above, we describe different lightweight cryptographic algorithms that are used in different layers of the SDN-IoT network depending on the feature of the algorithm. We mainly focus on all the algorithms that satisfy the minimum requirements of 5G and IoT nodes in terms of throughput, power consumption, and hardware area requirement. There are many algorithms considered as lightweight encryption techniques based on different criteria, such as GE measure, code size, RAM/ROM, used. We here only focus on those encryption algorithms that satisfy the criteria of 5G network that is throughput value must be fair enough to support the minimum requirement of uplink and downlink speed and GE must be small enough for IoT nodes. Apart from throughput and GE constraints, there are other aspects that we have considered, such as implementation aspects of the algorithm, best suited in hardware or software environments. There is always a trade-off among different performance metrics of LWC algorithms. Depending on the requirements of the SDN-IoT network layer, the algorithms are set for a particular layer.
LWC | Lightweight Cryptography |
IoT | Internet of Things |
SDN | Software-defined Networking |
LWCA | Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithm |
OF | Open Flow |
NOS | Network Operating System |
A-CPI | Application and Controller Plane Interface |
D-CPI | Data and controller Plane Interface |
SDN-IoT | Software-defined Internet of Things |
SOAP | Simple Object Access Protocol |
REST API | Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface |
GE | Gate Equivalence |
RAN | Radio Access Network |
C-RAN | Cloud/Centralized RAN |
IBC | Identity Based Cryptography |
ECC | Elliptic Curve Cryptography |
RSA | Rivest-Shamir-Adleman |
NIST | National Institute of Standard and Technology |
AES | Advanced Encryption Standard |
DES | Data Encryption Standard |
SHA | Secure Hash Algorithm |
RFID | Radio Frequency Identification |
TEA | Tiny Encryption Algorithm |
IDEA | International Data Encryption Algorithm |
mCRYPTON | Miniature CRYPTON |
MQTT | Message Queuing Telemetry Transport |
SMQTT | Secure MQTT |
DH | Diffie-Hellman |
DSA | Digital Signature Algorithm |
Customer Satisfaction is of paramount importance at IntechOpen and we take all complaints very seriously. Our Authors, their institutions, and other purchasers, if dissatisfied with the service provided, or the product purchased, can file a written complaint to IntechOpen, 5 Princes Gate Court, London, SW7 2QJ, UK or via the following e-mail address: info@intechopen.com.
',metaTitle:"Customer Complaints",metaDescription:"Our authors, their institutions and other purchasers, if unsatisfied with the service provided or the product purchased, can file a written complaint at IN TECH d.o.o offices at Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia, or via the following e-mail address: info@intechopen.com.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:null,contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"Receipt of complaints will be acknowledged in writing and Intech Limited will respond fully to concerns within 15 business days.
\\n\\nCustomers have the right to terminate the contract without giving any reason (written notice of termination). The deadline for said termination is fourteen (14) days from the date of receipt of goods. Returns are at the expense of the Customer and must be made within the fourteen (14) days from the date of the written notice of termination. Intech Limited will process refunds to the Customer without undue delay.
\\n\\nIn the event that the Publisher ships damaged or misbound copies of products, or duplicate or incorrect copies of the products are received by the Customer, the Publisher will accept returns at the Publisher's expense, provided notice of such damaged or incorrect shipment is given to the Publisher within fourteen (14) working days from the date of receipt.
\\n\\nPublishing errors, including but not limited to typographical errors, having no significant effect on the editorial content or design characteristics of the products, cannot be considered a reason for rejecting payment or, as the case may be, modifying the agreed price.
\\n\\nAt the Publisher's request, the customer should provide evidence of the damaged or incorrect shipment. The Publisher will refund or ship the ordered products without delays.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"Receipt of complaints will be acknowledged in writing and Intech Limited will respond fully to concerns within 15 business days.
\n\nCustomers have the right to terminate the contract without giving any reason (written notice of termination). The deadline for said termination is fourteen (14) days from the date of receipt of goods. Returns are at the expense of the Customer and must be made within the fourteen (14) days from the date of the written notice of termination. Intech Limited will process refunds to the Customer without undue delay.
\n\nIn the event that the Publisher ships damaged or misbound copies of products, or duplicate or incorrect copies of the products are received by the Customer, the Publisher will accept returns at the Publisher's expense, provided notice of such damaged or incorrect shipment is given to the Publisher within fourteen (14) working days from the date of receipt.
\n\nPublishing errors, including but not limited to typographical errors, having no significant effect on the editorial content or design characteristics of the products, cannot be considered a reason for rejecting payment or, as the case may be, modifying the agreed price.
\n\nAt the Publisher's request, the customer should provide evidence of the damaged or incorrect shipment. The Publisher will refund or ship the ordered products without delays.
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:6630},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5911},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:2404},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:12562},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1009},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:17573}],offset:12,limit:12,total:132971},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"1",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"19,6"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11645",title:"Neural Tube Defects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"08d6ba70d97767769a97cfeeb52dac78",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11645.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12218",title:"Phytochemicals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8cb2e6bb3d9c717bb8dc44e35ed774c2",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12218.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12205",title:"Photodynamic Therapy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8099dd8f660b401e5ecfa85ce3f0df81",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12205.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12207",title:"Statins",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"245ddb277df310de302579b803b715b8",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12207.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12208",title:"Metformin",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6c00637f80ef05f5f46217dcbeaaa6e9",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12208.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12209",title:"Vitamin B Complex",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f1277fdd717bc84d0437d483a1b78332",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12209.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12210",title:"Pharmacy Practice - Recent Advances in Therapeutic Approaches for Improved Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"faa98d6992643387af28c6ddf1b8df3e",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12210.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12211",title:"Performance-Enhancing Substances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4a93f00b6a0012976ab33814e12a6956",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12211.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12174",title:"Genetic Polymorphisms",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5922df051a2033c98d2edfb31dd84f8c",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12174.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12212",title:"Hypoxia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c7561177210ce5982b54d46a48666012",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12212.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12177",title:"Epigenetics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"185b00910074e8beeedd2276900a911a",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12177.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12214",title:"Phagocytosis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"79d7747d6e3aa6a3623ab710a7634588",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12214.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:37},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:16},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:31},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:98},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:31},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1}],offset:12,limit:12,total:22},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3385,editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11001",title:"Density Functional Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"82d53383af78ab41eb982086c02fb2bb",slug:"density-functional-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11001.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1875,editors:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3842,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11752",title:"Natural Drugs from Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0a83c0822608ef7592bf16a5ed0ada4",slug:"natural-drugs-from-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11752.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3008,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1109,editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1010,editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3918,editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9670",title:"Current Trends in Wheat Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"89d795987f1747a76eee532700d2093d",slug:"current-trends-in-wheat-research",bookSignature:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9670.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1654,editors:[{id:"185476",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman",middleName:null,surname:"Ansari",slug:"mahmood-ur-rahman-ansari",fullName:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",publishedDate:"March 16th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7686,editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3444,editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10522",title:"Coding Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6357e1dd7d38adeb519ca7a10dc9e5a0",slug:"coding-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Sudhakar Radhakrishnan and Sudev Naduvath",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10522.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"26327",title:"Dr.",name:"Sudhakar",middleName:null,surname:"Radhakrishnan",slug:"sudhakar-radhakrishnan",fullName:"Sudhakar Radhakrishnan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10821",title:"Automation and Control",subtitle:"Theories and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"18463c2291ba306c4dcbabd988227eea",slug:"automation-and-control-theories-and-applications",bookSignature:"Elmer P. Dadios",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10821.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"111683",title:"Prof.",name:"Elmer P.",middleName:"P.",surname:"Dadios",slug:"elmer-p.-dadios",fullName:"Elmer P. Dadios"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11348",title:"Mutagenesis and Mitochondrial-Associated Pathologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"001972b3c5b49367314b13025a449232",slug:"mutagenesis-and-mitochondrial-associated-pathologies",bookSignature:"Michael Fasullo and Angel Catala",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11348.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"258231",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:"Thomas",surname:"Fasullo",slug:"michael-fasullo",fullName:"Michael Fasullo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11123",title:"Epoxy-Based Composites",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c1c5447cf3b9d6c7688276ac30e80de6",slug:"epoxy-based-composites",bookSignature:"Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai, Ramesh Arthanari and M.R.Meera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11123.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"247421",title:"Dr.",name:"Samson Jerold Samuel",middleName:null,surname:"Chelladurai",slug:"samson-jerold-samuel-chelladurai",fullName:"Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10632",title:"Theory and Practice of Tunnel Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ba17749f9d0b6a62d584a3c320a1f49",slug:"theory-and-practice-of-tunnel-engineering",bookSignature:"Hasan Tosun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10632.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"79083",title:"Prof.",name:"Hasan",middleName:null,surname:"Tosun",slug:"hasan-tosun",fullName:"Hasan Tosun"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10906",title:"Fungal Reproduction and Growth",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f84de0280d54f3b52e3e4585cff24ac1",slug:"fungal-reproduction-and-growth",bookSignature:"Sadia Sultan and Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10906.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"176737",title:"Dr.",name:"Sadia",middleName:null,surname:"Sultan",slug:"sadia-sultan",fullName:"Sadia Sultan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10914",title:"Effective Elimination of Structural Racism",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f6a2562646c0fd664aca8335bc3b3e69",slug:"effective-elimination-of-structural-racism",bookSignature:"Erick Guerrero",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10914.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"294761",title:"Dr.",name:"Erick",middleName:null,surname:"Guerrero",slug:"erick-guerrero",fullName:"Erick Guerrero"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10664",title:"Animal Reproduction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2d66af42fb17d0a6556bb9ef28e273c7",slug:"animal-reproduction",bookSignature:"Yusuf Bozkurt and Mustafa Numan Bucak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"90846",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Bozkurt",slug:"yusuf-bozkurt",fullName:"Yusuf Bozkurt"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10940",title:"Plant Hormones",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5aae8a345f8047ed528914ff3491f643",slug:"plant-hormones-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Christophe Hano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10940.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"313856",title:"Dr.",name:"Christophe",middleName:"F.E.",surname:"Hano",slug:"christophe-hano",fullName:"Christophe Hano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10207",title:"Sexual Abuse",subtitle:"An Interdisciplinary Approach",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e1ec1d5a7093490df314d7887e0b3809",slug:"sexual-abuse-an-interdisciplinary-approach",bookSignature:"Ersi Kalfoğlu and Sotirios Kalfoglou",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10207.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"68678",title:"Dr.",name:"Ersi",middleName:null,surname:"Kalfoglou",slug:"ersi-kalfoglou",fullName:"Ersi Kalfoglou"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"578",title:"Image Processing",slug:"information-and-knowledge-engineering-image-processing",parent:{id:"92",title:"Information and Knowledge Engineering",slug:"information-and-knowledge-engineering"},numberOfBooks:1,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:22,numberOfWosCitations:24,numberOfCrossrefCitations:15,numberOfDimensionsCitations:22,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"578",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"1976",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c5b9fae9f01368e2dff3dcf9c43f1dc4",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",bookSignature:"Ioannis Kypraios",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1976.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"113055",title:"Dr.",name:"Ioannis",middleName:null,surname:"Kypraios",slug:"ioannis-kypraios",fullName:"Ioannis Kypraios"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:1,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"36679",doi:"10.5772/34821",title:"The Contribution of Color to Object Recognition",slug:"the-contribution-of-color-in-object-recognition",totalDownloads:2673,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"Inês Bramão, Luís Faísca, Karl Magnus Petersson and Alexandra Reis",authors:[{id:"101769",title:"PhD.",name:"Inês",middleName:null,surname:"Bramão",slug:"ines-bramao",fullName:"Inês Bramão"}]},{id:"36682",doi:"10.5772/35795",title:"Automatic Coin Classification and Identification",slug:"automatic-coin-classification-and-identification",totalDownloads:4519,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"Reinhold Huber-Mörk, Michael Nölle, Michael Rubik, Michael Hödlmoser, Martin Kampel and Sebastian Zambanini",authors:[{id:"105879",title:"Dr.",name:"Reinhold",middleName:null,surname:"Huber-Mörk",slug:"reinhold-huber-mork",fullName:"Reinhold Huber-Mörk"},{id:"109868",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Nölle",slug:"michael-nolle",fullName:"Michael Nölle"},{id:"109869",title:"MSc.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Zambanini",slug:"sebastian-zambanini",fullName:"Sebastian Zambanini"},{id:"109871",title:"Dr.",name:"Martin",middleName:null,surname:"Kampel",slug:"martin-kampel",fullName:"Martin Kampel"},{id:"109872",title:"MSc.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Rubik",slug:"michael-rubik",fullName:"Michael Rubik"},{id:"126740",title:"MSc.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Hödlmoser",slug:"michael-hodlmoser",fullName:"Michael Hödlmoser"}]},{id:"36677",doi:"10.5772/35989",title:"Spontaneous Object Recognition in Animals: A Test of Episodic Memory",slug:"spontaneous-object-recognition-in-animals-a-test-of-episodic-memory",totalDownloads:2670,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"Amy-Lee Kouwenberg, Gerard M. Martin, Darlene M. Skinner, Christina M. Thorpe and Carolyn J. Walsh",authors:[{id:"106654",title:"Ms.",name:"Amy-Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Kouwenberg",slug:"amy-lee-kouwenberg",fullName:"Amy-Lee Kouwenberg"},{id:"106660",title:"Dr.",name:"Carolyn",middleName:null,surname:"Walsh",slug:"carolyn-walsh",fullName:"Carolyn Walsh"},{id:"106661",title:"Dr.",name:"Gerard",middleName:null,surname:"Martin",slug:"gerard-martin",fullName:"Gerard Martin"},{id:"139423",title:"Dr.",name:"Christina",middleName:null,surname:"Thorpe",slug:"christina-thorpe",fullName:"Christina Thorpe"},{id:"139424",title:"Dr.",name:"Darlene",middleName:null,surname:"Skinner",slug:"darlene-skinner",fullName:"Darlene Skinner"}]},{id:"36680",doi:"10.5772/35708",title:"Advances in Adaptive Composite Filters for Object Recognition",slug:"advances-in-adaptive-composite-filters-for-object-recognition",totalDownloads:1582,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"Victor H. Diaz-Ramirez, Leonardo Trujillo and Sergio Pinto-Fernandez",authors:[{id:"36557",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonardo",middleName:null,surname:"Trujillo",slug:"leonardo-trujillo",fullName:"Leonardo Trujillo"},{id:"105544",title:"Dr.",name:"Victor",middleName:"H.",surname:"Diaz-Ramirez",slug:"victor-diaz-ramirez",fullName:"Victor Diaz-Ramirez"},{id:"136604",title:"BSc.",name:"Sergio",middleName:null,surname:"Pinto-Fernandez",slug:"sergio-pinto-fernandez",fullName:"Sergio Pinto-Fernandez"}]},{id:"36683",doi:"10.5772/37127",title:"Non-Rigid Objects Recognition: Automatic Human Action Recognition in Video Sequences",slug:"non-rigid-objects-recognition-automatic-human-action-recognition-in-video-sequences",totalDownloads:1537,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"Mehrez Abdellaoui, Ali Douik and Kamel Besbes",authors:[{id:"111386",title:"Prof.",name:"Mehrez",middleName:null,surname:"Abdellaoui",slug:"mehrez-abdellaoui",fullName:"Mehrez Abdellaoui"},{id:"111398",title:"Prof.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Douik",slug:"ali-douik",fullName:"Ali Douik"},{id:"111400",title:"Prof.",name:"Kamel",middleName:null,surname:"Besbes",slug:"kamel-besbes",fullName:"Kamel Besbes"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"36682",title:"Automatic Coin Classification and Identification",slug:"automatic-coin-classification-and-identification",totalDownloads:4519,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"Reinhold Huber-Mörk, Michael Nölle, Michael Rubik, Michael Hödlmoser, Martin Kampel and Sebastian Zambanini",authors:[{id:"105879",title:"Dr.",name:"Reinhold",middleName:null,surname:"Huber-Mörk",slug:"reinhold-huber-mork",fullName:"Reinhold Huber-Mörk"},{id:"109868",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Nölle",slug:"michael-nolle",fullName:"Michael Nölle"},{id:"109869",title:"MSc.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Zambanini",slug:"sebastian-zambanini",fullName:"Sebastian Zambanini"},{id:"109871",title:"Dr.",name:"Martin",middleName:null,surname:"Kampel",slug:"martin-kampel",fullName:"Martin Kampel"},{id:"109872",title:"MSc.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Rubik",slug:"michael-rubik",fullName:"Michael Rubik"},{id:"126740",title:"MSc.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Hödlmoser",slug:"michael-hodlmoser",fullName:"Michael Hödlmoser"}]},{id:"36679",title:"The Contribution of Color to Object Recognition",slug:"the-contribution-of-color-in-object-recognition",totalDownloads:2673,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"Inês Bramão, Luís Faísca, Karl Magnus Petersson and Alexandra Reis",authors:[{id:"101769",title:"PhD.",name:"Inês",middleName:null,surname:"Bramão",slug:"ines-bramao",fullName:"Inês Bramão"}]},{id:"36676",title:"Neural Basis of Object Recognition",slug:"neural-basis-of-object-recognition",totalDownloads:1849,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"R. Marra, D. Rotiroti and V. Rispoli",authors:[{id:"103843",title:"Prof.",name:"Vincenzo",middleName:null,surname:"Rispoli",slug:"vincenzo-rispoli",fullName:"Vincenzo Rispoli"}]},{id:"36677",title:"Spontaneous Object Recognition in Animals: A Test of Episodic Memory",slug:"spontaneous-object-recognition-in-animals-a-test-of-episodic-memory",totalDownloads:2670,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"Amy-Lee Kouwenberg, Gerard M. Martin, Darlene M. Skinner, Christina M. Thorpe and Carolyn J. Walsh",authors:[{id:"106654",title:"Ms.",name:"Amy-Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Kouwenberg",slug:"amy-lee-kouwenberg",fullName:"Amy-Lee Kouwenberg"},{id:"106660",title:"Dr.",name:"Carolyn",middleName:null,surname:"Walsh",slug:"carolyn-walsh",fullName:"Carolyn Walsh"},{id:"106661",title:"Dr.",name:"Gerard",middleName:null,surname:"Martin",slug:"gerard-martin",fullName:"Gerard Martin"},{id:"139423",title:"Dr.",name:"Christina",middleName:null,surname:"Thorpe",slug:"christina-thorpe",fullName:"Christina Thorpe"},{id:"139424",title:"Dr.",name:"Darlene",middleName:null,surname:"Skinner",slug:"darlene-skinner",fullName:"Darlene Skinner"}]},{id:"36678",title:"Performance Analysis of the Modified-Hybrid Optical Neural Network Object Recognition System Within Cluttered Scenes",slug:"performance-analysis-of-the-modified-hybrid-optical-neural-network-filter-for-objects-recognition-wi",totalDownloads:1347,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"1976",slug:"advances-in-object-recognition-systems",title:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems",fullTitle:"Advances in Object Recognition Systems"},signatures:"Ioannis Kypraios",authors:[{id:"113055",title:"Dr.",name:"Ioannis",middleName:null,surname:"Kypraios",slug:"ioannis-kypraios",fullName:"Ioannis Kypraios"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"578",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:99,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:288,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983",scope:"Biochemistry, the study of chemical transformations occurring within living organisms, impacts all areas of life sciences, from molecular crystallography and genetics to ecology, medicine, and population biology. Biochemistry examines macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids – and their building blocks, structures, functions, and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins, and hormones, which play roles in life processes. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting classical chemistry methods, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the ‘big data’ omics systems. Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying, and examining individual components of a biological system; in the apt words of Efraim Racker (1913 –1991), “Don’t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes.” Today, however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe entirely particular biological systems. The ‘big data’ metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the comprising proteins, e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment, e.g., the bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address the current research on biomolecules and the emerging trends with great promise.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/11.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 24th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:27,editor:{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",slug:"miroslav-blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/14.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"165627",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Espinosa",slug:"rosa-maria-martinez-espinosa",fullName:"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165627/images/system/165627.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa has been a Spanish Full Professor since 2020 (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) and is currently Vice-President of International Relations and Cooperation development and leader of the research group 'Applied Biochemistry” (University of Alicante, Spain). Other positions she has held at the university include Vice-Dean of Master Programs, Vice-Dean of the Degree in Biology and Vice-Dean for Mobility and Enterprise and Engagement at the Faculty of Science (University of Alicante). She received her Bachelor in Biology in 1998 (University of Alicante) and her PhD in 2003 (Biochemistry, University of Alicante). She undertook post-doctoral research at the University of East Anglia (Norwich, U.K. 2004-2005; 2007-2008).\nHer multidisciplinary research focuses on investigating archaea and their potential applications in biotechnology. She has an H-index of 21. She has authored one patent and has published more than 70 indexed papers and around 60 book chapters.\nShe has contributed to more than 150 national and international meetings during the last 15 years. Her research interests include archaea metabolism, enzymes purification and characterization, gene regulation, carotenoids and bioplastics production, antioxidant\ncompounds, waste water treatments, and brines bioremediation.\nRosa María’s other roles include editorial board member for several journals related\nto biochemistry, reviewer for more than 60 journals (biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, chemistry and microbiology) and president of several organizing committees in international meetings related to the N-cycle or respiratory processes.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/15.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"441442",title:"Dr.",name:"Şükrü",middleName:null,surname:"Beydemir",slug:"sukru-beydemir",fullName:"Şükrü Beydemir",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003GsUoIQAV/Profile_Picture_1634557147521",biography:"Dr. Şükrü Beydemir obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 1995 from Yüzüncü Yıl University, MSc in Biochemistry in 1998, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2002 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He performed post-doctoral studies at Max-Planck Institute, Germany, and University of Florence, Italy in addition to making several scientific visits abroad. He currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Turkey. Dr. Beydemir has published over a hundred scientific papers spanning protein biochemistry, enzymology and medicinal chemistry, reviews, book chapters and presented several conferences to scientists worldwide. He has received numerous publication awards from various international scientific councils. He serves in the Editorial Board of several international journals. Dr. Beydemir is also Rector of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Turkey.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorTwo:{id:"13652",title:"Prof.",name:"Deniz",middleName:null,surname:"Ekinci",slug:"deniz-ekinci",fullName:"Deniz Ekinci",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYLT1QAO/Profile_Picture_1634557223079",biography:"Dr. Deniz Ekinci obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 2004, MSc in Biochemistry in 2006, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2009 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He studied at Stetson University, USA, in 2007-2008 and at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Germany, in 2009-2010. Dr. Ekinci currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Agriculture and is the Head of the Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey. He is a member of the Turkish Biochemical Society, American Chemical Society, and German Genetics society. Dr. Ekinci published around ninety scientific papers, reviews and book chapters, and presented several conferences to scientists. He has received numerous publication awards from several scientific councils. Dr. Ekinci serves as the Editor in Chief of four international books and is involved in the Editorial Board of several international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ondokuz Mayıs University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorThree:null},{id:"17",title:"Metabolism",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/17.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"138626",title:"Dr.",name:"Yannis",middleName:null,surname:"Karamanos",slug:"yannis-karamanos",fullName:"Yannis Karamanos",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6Jv2QAE/Profile_Picture_1629356660984",biography:"Yannis Karamanos, born in Greece in 1953, completed his pre-graduate studies at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, then his Masters and Doctoral degree at the Université de Lille (1983). He was associate professor at the University of Limoges (1987) before becoming full professor of biochemistry at the Université d’Artois (1996). He worked on the structure-function relationships of glycoconjugates and his main project was the investigations on the biological roles of the de-N-glycosylation enzymes (Endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase). From 2002 he contributes to the understanding of the Blood-brain barrier functioning using proteomics approaches. He has published more than 70 papers. His teaching areas are energy metabolism and regulation, integration and organ specialization and metabolic adaptation.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Artois University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"18",title:"Proteomics",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/18.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"200689",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Iadarola",slug:"paolo-iadarola",fullName:"Paolo Iadarola",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSCl8QAG/Profile_Picture_1623568118342",biography:"Paolo Iadarola graduated with a degree in Chemistry from the University of Pavia (Italy) in July 1972. He then worked as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Science of the same University until 1984. In 1985, Prof. Iadarola became Associate Professor at the Department of Biology and Biotechnologies of the University of Pavia and retired in October 2017. Since then, he has been working as an Adjunct Professor in the same Department at the University of Pavia. His research activity during the first years was primarily focused on the purification and structural characterization of enzymes from animal and plant sources. During this period, Prof. Iadarola familiarized himself with the conventional techniques used in column chromatography, spectrophotometry, manual Edman degradation, and electrophoresis). Since 1995, he has been working on: i) the determination in biological fluids (serum, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum) of proteolytic activities involved in the degradation processes of connective tissue matrix, and ii) on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. In this context, he has developed and validated new methodologies (e.g., Capillary Electrophoresis coupled to Laser-Induced Fluorescence, CE-LIF) whose application enabled him to determine both the amounts of biochemical markers (Desmosines) in urine/serum of patients affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (Human Neutrophil Elastase, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in sputa of these patients. More recently, Prof. Iadarola was involved in developing techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2DE-LC/MS) for the proteomic analysis of biological fluids aimed at the identification of potential biomarkers of different lung diseases. He is the author of about 150 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; Total citations: 1568- According to WOS: H-Index: 20; Total Citations: 1296) of peer-reviewed international journals. He is a Consultant Reviewer for several journals, including the Journal of Chromatography A, Journal of Chromatography B, Plos ONE, Proteomes, International Journal of Molecular Science, Biotech, Electrophoresis, and others. He is also Associate Editor of Biotech.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201414",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Viglio",slug:"simona-viglio",fullName:"Simona Viglio",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKDHQA4/Profile_Picture_1630402531487",biography:"Simona Viglio is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the Department of Molecular Medicine at the University of Pavia. She has been working since 1995 on the determination of proteolytic enzymes involved in the degradation process of connective tissue matrix and on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. She gained considerable experience in developing and validating new methodologies whose applications allowed her to determine both the amount of biomarkers (Desmosine and Isodesmosine) in the urine of patients affected by COPD, and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (HNE, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in the sputa of these patients. Simona Viglio was also involved in research dealing with the supplementation of amino acids in patients with brain injury and chronic heart failure. She is presently engaged in the development of 2-DE and LC-MS techniques for the study of proteomics in biological fluids. The aim of this research is the identification of potential biomarkers of lung diseases. She is an author of about 90 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; According to WOS: H-Index: 20) on peer-reviewed journals, a member of the “Società Italiana di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare,“ and a Consultant Reviewer for International Journal of Molecular Science, Journal of Chromatography A, COPD, Plos ONE and Nutritional Neuroscience.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:50,paginationItems:[{id:"81927",title:"Purinergic System in Immune Response",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104485",signatures:"Yerly Magnolia Useche Salvador",slug:"purinergic-system-in-immune-response",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"80495",title:"Iron in Cell Metabolism and Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101908",signatures:"Eeka Prabhakar",slug:"iron-in-cell-metabolism-and-disease",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Iron Metabolism - Iron a Double‐Edged Sword",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10842.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81799",title:"Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104978",signatures:"Richa Rai",slug:"cross-talk-of-purinergic-and-immune-signaling-implication-in-inflammatory-and-pathogenic-diseases",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81764",title:"Involvement of the Purinergic System in Cell Death in Models of Retinopathies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103935",signatures:"Douglas Penaforte Cruz, Marinna Garcia Repossi and Lucianne Fragel Madeira",slug:"involvement-of-the-purinergic-system-in-cell-death-in-models-of-retinopathies",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:27,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7006",title:"Biochemistry and Health Benefits of Fatty Acids",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7006.jpg",slug:"biochemistry-and-health-benefits-of-fatty-acids",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Viduranga Waisundara",hash:"c93a00abd68b5eba67e5e719f67fd20b",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Biochemistry and Health Benefits of Fatty Acids",editors:[{id:"194281",title:"Dr.",name:"Viduranga Y.",middleName:null,surname:"Waisundara",slug:"viduranga-y.-waisundara",fullName:"Viduranga Y. Waisundara",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/194281/images/system/194281.jpg",biography:"Dr. Viduranga Waisundara obtained her Ph.D. in Food Science and Technology from the Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, in 2010. She was a lecturer at Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore from July 2009 to March 2013. She relocated to her motherland of Sri Lanka and spearheaded the Functional Food Product Development Project at the National Institute of Fundamental Studies from April 2013 to October 2016. She was a senior lecturer on a temporary basis at the Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. She is currently Deputy Principal of the Australian College of Business and Technology – Kandy Campus, Sri Lanka. She is also the Global Harmonization Initiative (GHI) Ambassador to Sri Lanka.",institutionString:"Australian College of Business & Technology",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"6820",title:"Keratin",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6820.jpg",slug:"keratin",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Miroslav Blumenberg",hash:"6def75cd4b6b5324a02b6dc0359896d0",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Keratin",editors:[{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",slug:"miroslav-blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7978",title:"Vitamin A",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7978.jpg",slug:"vitamin-a",publishedDate:"May 15th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Leila Queiroz Zepka, Veridiana Vera de Rosso and Eduardo Jacob-Lopes",hash:"dad04a658ab9e3d851d23705980a688b",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Vitamin A",editors:[{id:"261969",title:"Dr.",name:"Leila",middleName:null,surname:"Queiroz Zepka",slug:"leila-queiroz-zepka",fullName:"Leila Queiroz Zepka",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/261969/images/system/261969.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Leila Queiroz Zepka is currently an associate professor in the Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. She has more than fifteen years of teaching and research experience. She has published more than 550 scientific publications/communications, including 15 books, 50 book chapters, 100 original research papers, 380 research communications in national and international conferences, and 12 patents. She is a member of the editorial board of five journals and acts as a reviewer for several national and international journals. Her research interests include microalgal biotechnology with an emphasis on microalgae-based products.",institutionString:"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7953",title:"Bioluminescence",subtitle:"Analytical Applications and Basic Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7953.jpg",slug:"bioluminescence-analytical-applications-and-basic-biology",publishedDate:"September 25th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hirobumi Suzuki",hash:"3a8efa00b71abea11bf01973dc589979",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Bioluminescence - Analytical Applications and Basic Biology",editors:[{id:"185746",title:"Dr.",name:"Hirobumi",middleName:null,surname:"Suzuki",slug:"hirobumi-suzuki",fullName:"Hirobumi Suzuki",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/185746/images/system/185746.png",biography:"Dr. Hirobumi Suzuki received his Ph.D. in 1997 from Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan, where he studied firefly phylogeny and the evolution of mating systems. He is especially interested in the genetic differentiation pattern and speciation process that correlate to the flashing pattern and mating behavior of some fireflies in Japan. He then worked for Olympus Corporation, a Japanese manufacturer of optics and imaging products, where he was involved in the development of luminescence technology and produced a bioluminescence microscope that is currently being used for gene expression analysis in chronobiology, neurobiology, and developmental biology. Dr. Suzuki currently serves as a visiting researcher at Kogakuin University, Japan, and also a vice president of the Japan Firefly Society.",institutionString:"Kogakuin University",institution:null}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{},onlineFirstChapters:{},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[],publishedBooks:{},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[],publicationYearFilters:[],authors:{paginationCount:25,paginationItems:[{id:"429683",title:"Dr.",name:"Bilal",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"bilal-khalid",fullName:"Bilal Khalid",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/429683/images/system/429683.png",biography:"Dr. Bilal Khalid received a Ph.D. in Industrial Business Administration from KMITL Business School, Bangkok, in 2021, and a master’s in International Business Management from Stamford International University, Bangkok, in 2017. Dr. Khalid\\'s research interests include leadership and negotiations, digital transformations, gamification, eLearning, blockchain, Big Data, and management of information technology. Dr. Bilal Khalid also serves as an academic editor at Education Research International and a reviewer for international journals.",institutionString:"KMITL Business School",institution:{name:"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang",country:{name:"Thailand"}}},{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038UqSfQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-13T10:39:03.jpg",biography:"Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin is an Associate Professor of International Business at Laval University, Canada. He has taught at Thompson Rivers University, Canada; University of Paris-Est, France; Osnabruck University of Applied Science, Germany; and Shanghai Institute of Technology and Tianjin University of Technology, China. He has published research in Research Policy, Applied Economics, Review of Economic Philosophy, Strategic Change, International Journal of Logistics, Sustainability, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Global Information Management, Journal of Cleaner Production, M@N@GEMENT, and more. He is a member of CEDIMES Institut (France), Academy of International Business (AIB), Strategic Management Society (SMS), Academy of Management (AOM), Administrative Science Association of Canada (ASAC), and Canadian council of small business and entrepreneurship (CCSBE). He is currently the director of the Research Group on Contemporary Asia (GERAC) at Laval University. He is also co-managing editor of Transnational Corporations Review and a guest editor for Electronic Commerce Research and Journal of Internet Technology.",institutionString:"Université Laval",institution:{name:"Université Laval",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"189147",title:"Dr.",name:"Hailan",middleName:null,surname:"Salamun",slug:"hailan-salamun",fullName:"Hailan Salamun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189147/images/19274_n.jpeg",biography:"Hailan Salamun, (Dr.) was born in Selangor, Malaysia and graduated from Tunku Ampuan Jamaah Religious High School at Shah Alam. Obtained a degree from the International Islamic University (UIA), Gombak in the field of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage. Next, I furthered my studies to the professional level to obtain a Diploma in Education at UIA. After serving for several years in school, I furthered my studies to the Master of Dakwah and Leadership at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi. I graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Principalship Leadership from the University of Malaya (UM) in 2010. I am currently a senior lecturer in the Department of Nationalism and Civilization, Center for Basic and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Prior to that, I had served in several educational institutions such as schools, the Institute of Teacher Education (IPG), and also the University of Malaya. I am also actively involved in paper presentation, writing and publishing. My research interests are focused on leadership, education, society and Islamic civilization. This area of research requires a detailed understanding of Islamic studies and research studies in leadership. Another research interest that I have explored recently is the politics of the Malay community and also the leadership of the mosque.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"442081",title:"Dr.",name:"Audrey",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"audrey-addy",fullName:"Audrey Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"437993",title:"Mr.",name:"Job",middleName:null,surname:"Jackson",slug:"job-jackson",fullName:"Job Jackson",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Management College of Southern Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"428495",title:"Prof.",name:"Asyraf",middleName:null,surname:"Ab Rahman",slug:"asyraf-ab-rahman",fullName:"Asyraf Ab Rahman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"429650",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacqueline",middleName:null,surname:"Kareem",slug:"jacqueline-kareem",fullName:"Jacqueline Kareem",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Christ University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421041",title:"Dr.",name:"Sunil",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar Ramdas",slug:"sunil-kumar-ramdas",fullName:"Sunil Kumar Ramdas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Jain University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"421833",title:"Mr.",name:"Eugene",middleName:null,surname:"Owusu-Acheampong",slug:"eugene-owusu-acheampong",fullName:"Eugene Owusu-Acheampong",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ghana",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"239876",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Luciana",middleName:null,surname:"Mourão",slug:"luciana-mourao",fullName:"Luciana Mourão",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Salgado de Oliveira",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"421735",title:"Dr.",name:"elizabeth",middleName:null,surname:"addy",slug:"elizabeth-addy",fullName:"elizabeth addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"442083",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Addy",slug:"james-addy",fullName:"James Addy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"437991",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Hoque",slug:"muhammad-hoque",fullName:"Muhammad Hoque",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421006",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Uster",slug:"anna-uster",fullName:"Anna Uster",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470243",title:"Dr.",name:"Md Samim",middleName:null,surname:"Al Azad",slug:"md-samim-al-azad",fullName:"Md Samim Al Azad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"470244",title:"Dr.",name:"Slimane",middleName:null,surname:"Ed-dafali",slug:"slimane-ed-dafali",fullName:"Slimane Ed-dafali",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421011",title:"Dr.",name:"Afatakpa",middleName:null,surname:"Fortune",slug:"afatakpa-fortune",fullName:"Afatakpa Fortune",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"446057",title:"Mr.",name:"Okedare",middleName:null,surname:"David Olubukunmi",slug:"okedare-david-olubukunmi",fullName:"Okedare David Olubukunmi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421778",title:"Dr.",name:"Fatimah",middleName:"Saeed",surname:"AlAhmari",slug:"fatimah-alahmari",fullName:"Fatimah AlAhmari",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421024",title:"Prof.",name:"Harold Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Patrick",slug:"harold-andrew-patrick",fullName:"Harold Andrew Patrick",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421065",title:"Ms.",name:"Euzália",middleName:null,surname:"do Rosário Botelho Tomé",slug:"euzalia-do-rosario-botelho-tome",fullName:"Euzália do Rosário Botelho Tomé",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421053",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ken",middleName:null,surname:"Kalala Ndalamba",slug:"ken-kalala-ndalamba",fullName:"Ken Kalala Ndalamba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"421826",title:"Dr.",name:"Inusah",middleName:null,surname:"Salifu",slug:"inusah-salifu",fullName:"Inusah Salifu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"420823",title:"Prof.",name:"Gardênia da Silva",middleName:null,surname:"Abbad",slug:"gardenia-da-silva-abbad",fullName:"Gardênia da Silva Abbad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"437613",title:"MSc.",name:"Juliana",middleName:null,surname:"Legentil",slug:"juliana-legentil",fullName:"Juliana Legentil",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"19",type:"subseries",title:"Animal Science",keywords:"Animal Science, Animal Biology, Wildlife Species, Domesticated Animals",scope:"The Animal Science topic welcomes research on captive and wildlife species, including domesticated animals. The research resented can consist of primary studies on various animal biology fields such as genetics, nutrition, behavior, welfare, and animal production, to name a few. Reviews on specialized areas of animal science are also welcome.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/19.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11415,editor:{id:"259298",title:"Dr.",name:"Edward",middleName:null,surname:"Narayan",slug:"edward-narayan",fullName:"Edward Narayan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Edward Narayan graduated with Ph.D. degree in Biology from the University of the South Pacific and pioneered non-invasive reproductive and stress endocrinology tools for amphibians - the novel development and validation of non-invasive enzyme immunoassays for the evaluation of reproductive hormonal cycle and stress hormone responses to environmental stressors. \nDr. Narayan leads the Stress Lab (Comparative Physiology and Endocrinology) at the University of Queensland. A dynamic career research platform which is based on the thematic areas of comparative vertebrate physiology, stress endocrinology, reproductive endocrinology, animal health and welfare, and conservation biology. \nEdward has supervised 40 research students and published over 60 peer reviewed research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Queensland",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",issn:"2632-0517"},editorialBoard:[{id:"258334",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Fonseca-Alves",slug:"carlos-eduardo-fonseca-alves",fullName:"Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/258334/images/system/258334.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Paulista",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"191123",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan José",middleName:null,surname:"Valdez-Alarcón",slug:"juan-jose-valdez-alarcon",fullName:"Juan José Valdez-Alarcón",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBfcQAG/Profile_Picture_1631354558068",institutionString:"Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo",institution:{name:"Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"161556",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Dos Anjos",middleName:null,surname:"Pires",slug:"maria-dos-anjos-pires",fullName:"Maria Dos Anjos Pires",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS8q2QAC/Profile_Picture_1633432838418",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"209839",title:"Dr.",name:"Marina",middleName:null,surname:"Spinu",slug:"marina-spinu",fullName:"Marina Spinu",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRLXpQAO/Profile_Picture_1630044895475",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"92185",title:"Dr.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Savic",slug:"sara-savic",fullName:"Sara Savic",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/92185/images/system/92185.jfif",institutionString:'Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad"',institution:{name:'Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad"',institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Serbia"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:11,paginationItems:[{id:"81793",title:"Canine parvovirus-2: An Emerging Threat to Young Pets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104846",signatures:"Mithilesh Singh, Rajendran Manikandan, Ujjwal Kumar De, Vishal Chander, Babul Rudra Paul, Saravanan Ramakrishnan and Darshini Maramreddy",slug:"canine-parvovirus-2-an-emerging-threat-to-young-pets",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"81271",title:"The Diversity of Parvovirus Telomeres",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102684",signatures:"Marianne Laugel, Emilie Lecomte, Eduard Ayuso, Oumeya Adjali, Mathieu Mével and Magalie Penaud-Budloo",slug:"the-diversity-of-parvovirus-telomeres",totalDownloads:24,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Recent Advances in Canine Medicine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11580.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"79209",title:"Virtual Physiology: A Tool for the 21st Century",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99671",signatures:"Carmen Nóbrega, Maria Aires Pereira, Catarina Coelho, Isabel Brás, Ana Cristina Mega, Carla Santos, Fernando Esteves, Rita Cruz, Ana I. Faustino-Rocha, Paula A. Oliveira, João Mesquita and Helena Vala",slug:"virtual-physiology-a-tool-for-the-21st-century",totalDownloads:139,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78543",title:"Pulmonary Vein: Embryology, Anatomy, Function and Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100051",signatures:"Chan I-Ping and Hsueh Tung",slug:"pulmonary-vein-embryology-anatomy-function-and-disease",totalDownloads:172,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78564",title:"Anatomy of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta): The Essentials for the Biomedical Researcher",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99067",signatures:"Christophe Casteleyn and Jaco Bakker",slug:"anatomy-of-the-rhesus-monkey-macaca-mulatta-the-essentials-for-the-biomedical-researcher",totalDownloads:314,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"77999",title:"Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Histology and Its Role in Various Pathologies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99366",signatures:"Tuba Parlak Ak",slug:"bronchus-associated-lymphoid-tissue-balt-histology-and-its-role-in-various-pathologies",totalDownloads:193,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78242",title:"Genomic Instability and Cyto-Genotoxic Damage in Animal Species",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99685",signatures:"María Evarista Arellano-García, Olivia Torres-Bugarín, Maritza Roxana García-García, Daniel García-Flores, Yanis Toledano-Magaña, Cinthya Sofia Sanabria-Mora, Sandra Castro-Gamboa and Juan Carlos García-Ramos",slug:"genomic-instability-and-cyto-genotoxic-damage-in-animal-species",totalDownloads:135,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78503",title:"Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99569",signatures:"Thomas Rohwedder",slug:"biomechanics-of-the-canine-elbow-joint",totalDownloads:168,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"78018",title:"Application of Noble Metals in the Advances in Animal Disease Diagnostics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99162",signatures:"Gabriel Alexis S.P. Tubalinal, Leonard Paulo G. Lucero, Jim Andreus V. Mangahas, Marvin A. Villanueva and Claro N. Mingala",slug:"application-of-noble-metals-in-the-advances-in-animal-disease-diagnostics",totalDownloads:108,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"77455",title:"Marek’s Disease Is a Threat for Large Scale Poultry Production",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98939",signatures:"Wojciech Kozdruń, Jowita Samanta Niczyporuk and Natalia Styś-Fijoł",slug:"marek-s-disease-is-a-threat-for-large-scale-poultry-production",totalDownloads:249,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}},{id:"74655",title:"Taxon-Specific Pair Bonding in Gibbons (Hylobatidae)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95270",signatures:"Thomas Geissmann, Simone Rosenkranz-Weck, Judith J.G.M. Van Der Loo and Mathias Orgeldinger",slug:"taxon-specific-pair-bonding-in-gibbons-hylobatidae",totalDownloads:383,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10665.jpg",subseries:{id:"19",title:"Animal Science"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinases",subtitle:"Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",slug:"protein-kinases-promising-targets-for-anticancer-drug-research",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rajesh Kumar Singh",hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",volumeInSeries:24,fullTitle:"Protein Kinases - Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9742",title:"Ubiquitin",subtitle:"Proteasome Pathway",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9742.jpg",slug:"ubiquitin-proteasome-pathway",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Xianquan Zhan",hash:"af6880d3a5571da1377ac8f6373b9e82",volumeInSeries:18,fullTitle:"Ubiquitin - Proteasome Pathway",editors:[{id:"223233",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/223233/images/system/223233.png",institutionString:"Shandong First Medical University",institution:{name:"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6820",title:"Keratin",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6820.jpg",slug:"keratin",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Miroslav Blumenberg",hash:"6def75cd4b6b5324a02b6dc0359896d0",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Keratin",editors:[{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",slug:"miroslav-blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[],lsSeriesList:[],hsSeriesList:[],sshSeriesList:[],subseriesList:[],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983",scope:"Biochemistry, the study of chemical transformations occurring within living organisms, impacts all areas of life sciences, from molecular crystallography and genetics to ecology, medicine, and population biology. Biochemistry examines macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids – and their building blocks, structures, functions, and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins, and hormones, which play roles in life processes. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting classical chemistry methods, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the ‘big data’ omics systems. Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying, and examining individual components of a biological system; in the apt words of Efraim Racker (1913 –1991), “Don’t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes.” Today, however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe entirely particular biological systems. The ‘big data’ metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the comprising proteins, e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment, e.g., the bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address the current research on biomolecules and the emerging trends with great promise.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/11.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 24th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfPublishedChapters:288,numberOfPublishedBooks:27,editor:{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},subseries:[{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology",keywords:"Omics (Transcriptomics; Proteomics; Metabolomics), Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Signal Transduction and Regulation, Cell Growth and Differentiation, Apoptosis, Necroptosis, Ferroptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle, Macromolecules and Complexes, Gene Expression",scope:"The Cell and Molecular Biology topic within the IntechOpen Biochemistry Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of cell and molecular biology, including aspects related to biochemical and genetic research (not only in humans but all living beings). We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics include, but are not limited to: Advanced techniques of cellular and molecular biology (Molecular methodologies, imaging techniques, and bioinformatics); Biological activities at the molecular level; Biological processes of cell functions, cell division, senescence, maintenance, and cell death; Biomolecules interactions; Cancer; Cell biology; Chemical biology; Computational biology; Cytochemistry; Developmental biology; Disease mechanisms and therapeutics; DNA, and RNA metabolism; Gene functions, genetics, and genomics; Genetics; Immunology; Medical microbiology; Molecular biology; Molecular genetics; Molecular processes of cell and organelle dynamics; Neuroscience; Protein biosynthesis, degradation, and functions; Regulation of molecular interactions in a cell; Signalling networks and system biology; Structural biology; Virology and microbiology.",annualVolume:11410,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/14.jpg",editor:{id:"165627",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Espinosa",fullName:"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165627/images/system/165627.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"79367",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Flores",fullName:"Ana Isabel Flores",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRpIOQA0/Profile_Picture_1632418099564",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"328234",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Palavecino",fullName:"Christian Palavecino",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000030DhEhQAK/Profile_Picture_1628835318625",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Central University of Chile",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Chile"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",keywords:"Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oils, Modification of Biomolecules, Glycobiology, Combinatorial Chemistry, Therapeutic peptides, Enzyme Inhibitors",scope:"Chemical biology spans the fields of chemistry and biology involving the application of biological and chemical molecules and techniques. In recent years, the application of chemistry to biological molecules has gained significant interest in medicinal and pharmacological studies. This topic will be devoted to understanding the interplay between biomolecules and chemical compounds, their structure and function, and their potential applications in related fields. Being a part of the biochemistry discipline, the ideas and concepts that have emerged from Chemical Biology have affected other related areas. This topic will closely deal with all emerging trends in this discipline.",annualVolume:11411,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/15.jpg",editor:{id:"441442",title:"Dr.",name:"Şükrü",middleName:null,surname:"Beydemir",fullName:"Şükrü Beydemir",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003GsUoIQAV/Profile_Picture_1634557147521",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorTwo:{id:"13652",title:"Prof.",name:"Deniz",middleName:null,surname:"Ekinci",fullName:"Deniz Ekinci",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYLT1QAO/Profile_Picture_1634557223079",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ondokuz Mayıs University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"241413",title:"Dr.",name:"Azhar",middleName:null,surname:"Rasul",fullName:"Azhar Rasul",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRT1oQAG/Profile_Picture_1635251978933",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Government College University, Faisalabad",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"178316",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Sedykh",fullName:"Sergey Sedykh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178316/images/system/178316.jfif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Novosibirsk State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}]},{id:"17",title:"Metabolism",keywords:"Biomolecules Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Metabolic Pathways, Key Metabolic Enzymes, Metabolic Adaptation",scope:"Metabolism is frequently defined in biochemistry textbooks as the overall process that allows living systems to acquire and use the free energy they need for their vital functions or the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. Behind these definitions are hidden all the aspects of normal and pathological functioning of all processes that the topic ‘Metabolism’ will cover within the Biochemistry Series. Thus all studies on metabolism will be considered for publication.",annualVolume:11413,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/17.jpg",editor:{id:"138626",title:"Dr.",name:"Yannis",middleName:null,surname:"Karamanos",fullName:"Yannis Karamanos",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6Jv2QAE/Profile_Picture_1629356660984",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Artois University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"243049",title:"Dr.",name:"Anca",middleName:null,surname:"Pantea Stoian",fullName:"Anca Pantea Stoian",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243049/images/system/243049.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"203824",title:"Dr.",name:"Attilio",middleName:null,surname:"Rigotti",fullName:"Attilio Rigotti",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Pontifical Catholic University of Chile",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Chile"}}},{id:"300470",title:"Dr.",name:"Yanfei (Jacob)",middleName:null,surname:"Qi",fullName:"Yanfei (Jacob) Qi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/300470/images/system/300470.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}}]},{id:"18",title:"Proteomics",keywords:"Mono- and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (1-and 2-DE), Liquid Chromatography (LC), Mass Spectrometry/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS; MS/MS), Proteins",scope:"With the recognition that the human genome cannot provide answers to the etiology of a disorder, changes in the proteins expressed by a genome became a focus in research. Thus proteomics, an area of research that detects all protein forms expressed in an organism, including splice isoforms and post-translational modifications, is more suitable than genomics for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical processes that govern life. The most common proteomics applications are currently in the clinical field for the identification, in a variety of biological matrices, of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of disorders. From the comparison of proteomic profiles of control and disease or different physiological states, which may emerge, changes in protein expression can provide new insights into the roles played by some proteins in human pathologies. Understanding how proteins function and interact with each other is another goal of proteomics that makes this approach even more intriguing. Specialized technology and expertise are required to assess the proteome of any biological sample. Currently, proteomics relies mainly on mass spectrometry (MS) combined with electrophoretic (1 or 2-DE-MS) and/or chromatographic techniques (LC-MS/MS). MS is an excellent tool that has gained popularity in proteomics because of its ability to gather a complex body of information such as cataloging protein expression, identifying protein modification sites, and defining protein interactions. The Proteomics topic aims to attract contributions on all aspects of MS-based proteomics that, by pushing the boundaries of MS capabilities, may address biological problems that have not been resolved yet.",annualVolume:11414,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/18.jpg",editor:{id:"200689",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Iadarola",fullName:"Paolo Iadarola",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSCl8QAG/Profile_Picture_1623568118342",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201414",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Viglio",fullName:"Simona Viglio",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKDHQA4/Profile_Picture_1630402531487",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",middleName:null,surname:"Parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/72288/images/system/72288.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"40928",title:"Dr.",name:"Cesar",middleName:null,surname:"Lopez-Camarillo",fullName:"Cesar Lopez-Camarillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40928/images/3884_n.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"81926",title:"Dr.",name:"Shymaa",middleName:null,surname:"Enany",fullName:"Shymaa Enany",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRqB9QAK/Profile_Picture_1626163237970",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Suez Canal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/20015",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"20015"},fullPath:"/chapters/20015",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()