IntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\\n\\n
By listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
All three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\\n\\n
"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\\n\\n
"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\\n\\n
In conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\\n\\n
“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\\n\\n
We invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\\n\\n
Feel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
After years of being acknowledged as the world's leading publisher of Open Access books, today, we are proud to announce we’ve successfully launched a portfolio of Open Science journals covering rapidly expanding areas of interdisciplinary research.
\n\n\n\n
IntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\n\n
By listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
All three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\n\n
"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\n\n
"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\n\n
In conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\n\n
“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\n\n
We invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\n\n
Feel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\n\n
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-supports-asapbio-s-new-initiative-publish-your-reviews-20220729",title:"IntechOpen Supports ASAPbio’s New Initiative Publish Your Reviews"},{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"892",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Seismic Waves - Research and Analysis",title:"Seismic Waves",subtitle:"Research and Analysis",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"The importance of seismic wave research lies not only in our ability to understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis, it also reveals information on the Earth's composition and features in much the same way as it led to the discovery of Mohorovicic's discontinuity. As our theoretical understanding of the physics behind seismic waves has grown, physical and numerical modeling have greatly advanced and now augment applied seismology for better prediction and engineering practices. This has led to some novel applications such as using artificially-induced shocks for exploration of the Earth's subsurface and seismic stimulation for increasing the productivity of oil wells. This book demonstrates the latest techniques and advances in seismic wave analysis from theoretical approach, data acquisition and interpretation, to analyses and numerical simulations, as well as research applications. A review process was conducted in cooperation with sincere support by Drs. Hiroshi Takenaka, Yoshio Murai, Jun Matsushima, and Genti Toyokuni.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-944-8",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4942-2",doi:"10.5772/1400",price:139,priceEur:155,priceUsd:179,slug:"seismic-waves-research-and-analysis",numberOfPages:338,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"77aca8357f09b77cf39eb669b711c862",bookSignature:"Masaki Kanao",publishedDate:"January 25th 2012",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/892.jpg",numberOfDownloads:51600,numberOfWosCitations:47,numberOfCrossrefCitations:40,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:7,numberOfDimensionsCitations:67,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:9,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:154,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 16th 2011",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"March 16th 2011",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"July 21st 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"August 20th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 18th 2011",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",middleName:null,surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/51959/images/system/51959.jpg",biography:"Dr. Masaki Kanao obtained his Ph.D. from Kyoto University. He is currently working at the National Institute of Polar Research in Tokyo. He is chiefly interested in the Earth\\'s structure and evolution from geoscience studies. Polar regions, both in Arctic and Antarctic, have been investigated by geophysical investigations particularly by passive and active seismic sources. He is also interested in the present Earth’s dynamics and tectonics of the continental lithosphere. The Antarctic continent, as a member of the past Gondwana super-continent, has been the main target to reveal lithospheric evolution history. Recently, inter-disciplinary studies in terms of glacial earthquakes, cryoseismic events in Greenland and Antarctica have been focusing on involving environmental changes associated with global warming. These investigations in polar regions have been contributing to the development of all kinds of global Earth sciences.",institutionString:"National Institute of Polar Research",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"17",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"6",institution:{name:"National Institute of Polar Research",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"654",title:"Seismology",slug:"seismology"}],chapters:[{id:"26243",title:"Seismic Wave Interactions Between the Atmosphere - Ocean - Cryosphere System and the Geosphere in Polar Regions",doi:"10.5772/23410",slug:"interaction-on-seismic-waves-between-atmosphere-ocean-cryosphere-and-geosphere-in-polar-regions",totalDownloads:2761,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:14,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Masaki Kanao, Alessia Maggi, Yoshiaki Ishihara, Masa-yuki Yamamoto, Kazunari Nawa, Akira Yamada, Terry Wilson, Tetsuto Himeno, Genchi Toyokuni, Seiji Tsuboi, Yoko Tono and Kent Anderson",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26243",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26243",authors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],corrections:null},{id:"26244",title:"Wavelet Spectrogram Analysis of Surface Wave Technique for Dynamic Soil Properties Measurement on Soft Marine Clay Site",doi:"10.5772/27530",slug:"wavelet-spectrogram-analysis-of-surface-wave-technique-for-dynamic-soil-properties-measurement-on-so",totalDownloads:3947,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi and Mohd. Raihan Taha",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26244",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26244",authors:[{id:"70480",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Sri Atmaja P.",surname:"Rosyidi",slug:"sri-atmaja-p.-rosyidi",fullName:"Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi"},{id:"80934",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohd. Raihan",surname:"Taha",slug:"mohd.-raihan-taha",fullName:"Mohd. Raihan Taha"}],corrections:null},{id:"26245",title:"Electric and Electromagnetic Signals Under, on, and Above the Ground Surface at the Arrival of Seismic Waves",doi:"10.5772/27619",slug:"electric-and-electromagnetic-signals-under-on-and-above-the-ground-surface-at-the-arrival-of-seismic",totalDownloads:2704,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Akihiro Takeuchi, Kan Okubo and Nobunao Takeuchi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26245",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26245",authors:[{id:"23249",title:"Dr.",name:"Kan",surname:"Okubo",slug:"kan-okubo",fullName:"Kan Okubo"},{id:"70867",title:"Dr.",name:"Akihiro",surname:"Takeuchi",slug:"akihiro-takeuchi",fullName:"Akihiro Takeuchi"},{id:"70875",title:"Dr.",name:"Nobunao",surname:"Takeuchi",slug:"nobunao-takeuchi",fullName:"Nobunao Takeuchi"}],corrections:null},{id:"26246",title:"Electric Displacement by Earthquakes",doi:"10.5772/27999",slug:"electric-displacement-by-earthquakes",totalDownloads:2468,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Antonio Lira and Jorge A. Heraud",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26246",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26246",authors:[{id:"72342",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",surname:"Lira",slug:"antonio-lira",fullName:"Antonio Lira"},{id:"130896",title:"Prof.",name:"Jorge",surname:"Heraud",slug:"jorge-heraud",fullName:"Jorge Heraud"}],corrections:null},{id:"26247",title:"Quasi-Axisymmetric Finite-Difference Method for Realistic Modeling of Regional and Global Seismic Wavefield — Review and Application —",doi:"10.5772/32422",slug:"quasi-axisymmetric-finite-difference-method-for-realistic-modeling-of-regional-and-global-seismic-wa",totalDownloads:2815,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Genti Toyokuni, Hiroshi Takenaka and Masaki Kanao",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26247",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26247",authors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"},{id:"91457",title:"Dr.",name:"Genti",surname:"Toyokuni",slug:"genti-toyokuni",fullName:"Genti Toyokuni"},{id:"93156",title:"Prof.",name:"Hiroshi",surname:"Takenaka",slug:"hiroshi-takenaka",fullName:"Hiroshi Takenaka"}],corrections:null},{id:"26248",title:"The Latest Mathematical Models of Earthquake Ground Motion",doi:"10.5772/28078",slug:"the-latest-mathematical-models-of-earthquake-ground-motion",totalDownloads:5816,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Snezana Gjorgji Stamatovska",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26248",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26248",authors:[{id:"72646",title:"Dr.",name:"Snezana",surname:"Stamatovska",slug:"snezana-stamatovska",fullName:"Snezana Stamatovska"}],corrections:null},{id:"26249",title:"Using a Poroelastic Theory to Reconstruct Subsurface Properties: Numerical Investigation",doi:"10.5772/28106",slug:"using-a-poroelastic-theory-to-reconstruct-subsurface-properties-numerical-investigation",totalDownloads:2878,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Louis De Barros, Bastien Dupuy, Gareth S. O’Brien, Jean Virieux and Stéphane Garambois",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26249",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26249",authors:[{id:"72754",title:"Dr.",name:"Louis",surname:"De Barros",slug:"louis-de-barros",fullName:"Louis De Barros"},{id:"121168",title:"Mr.",name:"Bastien",surname:"Dupuy",slug:"bastien-dupuy",fullName:"Bastien Dupuy"},{id:"121169",title:"Dr.",name:"Gareth S.",surname:"O'Brien",slug:"gareth-s.-o'brien",fullName:"Gareth S. O'Brien"},{id:"121170",title:"Prof.",name:"Jean",surname:"Virieux",slug:"jean-virieux",fullName:"Jean Virieux"},{id:"121171",title:"Dr.",name:"Stéphane",surname:"Garambois",slug:"stephane-garambois",fullName:"Stéphane Garambois"}],corrections:null},{id:"26250",title:"Coupling Modeling and Migration for Seismic Imaging",doi:"10.5772/28487",slug:"coupling-modeling-and-migration-for-seismic-imaging",totalDownloads:2710,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Hervé Chauris and Daniela Donno",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26250",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26250",authors:[{id:"74040",title:"Dr.",name:"Herve",surname:"Chauris",slug:"herve-chauris",fullName:"Herve Chauris"},{id:"79550",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniela",surname:"Donno",slug:"daniela-donno",fullName:"Daniela Donno"}],corrections:null},{id:"26251",title:"Effects of Random Heterogeneity on Seismic Reflection Images",doi:"10.5772/28587",slug:"effects-of-random-heterogeneity-on-seismic-reflection-images",totalDownloads:2598,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Jun Matsushima",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26251",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26251",authors:[{id:"74566",title:"Dr.",name:"Jun",surname:"Matsushima",slug:"jun-matsushima",fullName:"Jun Matsushima"}],corrections:null},{id:"26252",title:"Wave Propagation from a Line Source Embedded in a Fault Zone",doi:"10.5772/29269",slug:"wave-propagation-from-a-line-source-embedded-in-a-fault-zone",totalDownloads:2098,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Yoshio Murai",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26252",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26252",authors:[{id:"77119",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoshio",surname:"Murai",slug:"yoshio-murai",fullName:"Yoshio Murai"}],corrections:null},{id:"26253",title:"Seismic Modeling of Complex Geological Structures",doi:"10.5772/29423",slug:"seismic-modeling-of-complex-geological-structures",totalDownloads:9512,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:10,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Behzad Alaei",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26253",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26253",authors:[{id:"77787",title:"Dr.",name:"Behzad",surname:"Alaei",slug:"behzad-alaei",fullName:"Behzad Alaei"}],corrections:null},{id:"26254",title:"Shear Wave Velocity Models Beneath Antarctic Margins Inverted by Genetic Algorithm for Teleseismic Receiver Functions",doi:"10.5772/32130",slug:"shear-wave-velocity-models-beneath-antarctic-margins-inverted-by-genetic-algorithm-for-teleseismic-r",totalDownloads:2326,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Masaki Kanao and Takuo Shibutani",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26254",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26254",authors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],corrections:null},{id:"26255",title:"Modelling Seismic Wave Propagation for Geophysical Imaging",doi:"10.5772/30219",slug:"modelling-seismic-wave-propagation-for-geophysical-imaging-",totalDownloads:6532,totalCrossrefCites:14,totalDimensionsCites:27,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Jean Virieux, Vincent Etienne, Victor Cruz-Atienza, Romain Brossier, Emmanuel Chaljub, Olivier Coutant, Stéphane Garambois, Diego Mercerat, Vincent Prieux, Stéphane Operto, Alessandra Ribodetti and Josué Tago",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26255",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26255",authors:[{id:"121171",title:"Dr.",name:"Stéphane",surname:"Garambois",slug:"stephane-garambois",fullName:"Stéphane Garambois"},{id:"12036",title:"Dr.",name:"Stephane",surname:"Operto",slug:"stephane-operto",fullName:"Stephane Operto"},{id:"12331",title:"Dr.",name:"Romain",surname:"Brossier",slug:"romain-brossier",fullName:"Romain Brossier"},{id:"12332",title:"Pr.",name:"Jean",surname:"Virieux",slug:"jean-virieux",fullName:"Jean Virieux"},{id:"122541",title:"Dr.",name:"Emmanuel",surname:"Chaljub",slug:"emmanuel-chaljub",fullName:"Emmanuel Chaljub"},{id:"122542",title:"Dr.",name:"Olivier",surname:"Coutant",slug:"olivier-coutant",fullName:"Olivier Coutant"},{id:"122544",title:"Dr.",name:"Vincent",surname:"Etienne",slug:"vincent-etienne",fullName:"Vincent Etienne"},{id:"122545",title:"Dr.",name:"Diego",surname:"Mercerat",slug:"diego-mercerat",fullName:"Diego Mercerat"},{id:"122546",title:"Mr.",name:"Vincent",surname:"Prieux",slug:"vincent-prieux",fullName:"Vincent Prieux"},{id:"122548",title:"Dr.",name:"Alessandra",surname:"Ribodetti",slug:"alessandra-ribodetti",fullName:"Alessandra Ribodetti"},{id:"122550",title:"Dr.",name:"Victor",surname:"Cruz-Atienza",slug:"victor-cruz-atienza",fullName:"Victor Cruz-Atienza"},{id:"122551",title:"Mr.",name:"Josué",surname:"Tago",slug:"josue-tago",fullName:"Josué Tago"}],corrections:null},{id:"26256",title:"2.5-D Time-Domain Finite-Difference Modelling of Teleseismic Body Waves",doi:"10.5772/33091",slug:"2-5-d-time-domain-finite-difference-modelling-of-teleseismic-body-waves",totalDownloads:2439,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Hiroshi Takenaka and Taro Okamoto",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/26256",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/26256",authors:[{id:"93156",title:"Prof.",name:"Hiroshi",surname:"Takenaka",slug:"hiroshi-takenaka",fullName:"Hiroshi Takenaka"},{id:"94618",title:"Dr.",name:"Taro",surname:"Okamoto",slug:"taro-okamoto",fullName:"Taro Okamoto"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8257",title:"Seismic Waves",subtitle:"Probing Earth System",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6a7acf0b6350ff87cc629283bfe248f8",slug:"seismic-waves-probing-earth-system",bookSignature:"Masaki Kanao and Genti Toyokuni",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8257.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8282",title:"Polar Seismology",subtitle:"Advances and Impact",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"69e0f0e64b988f29d30532c2618705b2",slug:"polar-seismology-advances-and-impact",bookSignature:"Masaki Kanao",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8282.jpg",editedByType:"Authored by",editors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"4",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}},{type:"book",id:"7382",title:"Antarctica",subtitle:"A Key To Global Change",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deead09dc6b7b3f28dea1432ef711265",slug:"antarctica-a-key-to-global-change",bookSignature:"Masaki Kanao, Genti Toyokuni and Masa-yuki Yamamoto",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7382.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9644",title:"Glaciers and the Polar Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e8cfdc161794e3753ced54e6ff30873b",slug:"glaciers-and-the-polar-environment",bookSignature:"Masaki Kanao, Danilo Godone and Niccolò Dematteis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9644.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6982",title:"Arctic Studies",subtitle:"A Proxy for Climate Change",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6545831965fb2dcef181c46d18fed1ba",slug:"arctic-studies-a-proxy-for-climate-change",bookSignature:"Masaki Kanao, Yoshihiro Kakinami and Genti Toyokuni",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6982.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"51959",title:"Dr.",name:"Masaki",surname:"Kanao",slug:"masaki-kanao",fullName:"Masaki Kanao"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2227",title:"Tectonics",subtitle:"Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3b4c2f80af61284334fb3655852de9f7",slug:"tectonics-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Evgenii Sharkov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2227.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"32743",title:"Prof.",name:"Evgenii",surname:"Sharkov",slug:"evgenii-sharkov",fullName:"Evgenii Sharkov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2051",title:"Earthquake Research and Analysis",subtitle:"Statistical Studies, Observations and Planning",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"492268d0be01c6d76f0e2e4ac5c35730",slug:"earthquake-research-and-analysis-statistical-studies-observations-and-planning",bookSignature:"Sebastiano D'Amico",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2051.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"52181",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastiano",surname:"D'Amico",slug:"sebastiano-d'amico",fullName:"Sebastiano D'Amico"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"605",title:"Earthquake Research and Analysis",subtitle:"Seismology, Seismotectonic and Earthquake Geology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7f97c97f3cf8d09622afa27f3fd2d1e4",slug:"earthquake-research-and-analysis-seismology-seismotectonic-and-earthquake-geology",bookSignature:"Sebastiano D'Amico",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/605.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"52181",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastiano",surname:"D'Amico",slug:"sebastiano-d'amico",fullName:"Sebastiano D'Amico"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2048",title:"Earthquake Research and Analysis",subtitle:"New Frontiers in Seismology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"28d7da86de8c245c5391e4a78f6c2d53",slug:"earthquake-research-and-analysis-new-frontiers-in-seismology",bookSignature:"Sebastiano D'Amico",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2048.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"52181",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastiano",surname:"D'Amico",slug:"sebastiano-d'amico",fullName:"Sebastiano D'Amico"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1602",title:"New Achievements in Geoscience",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f2742feb8ad590c91677e0dd148fc36d",slug:"new-achievements-in-geoscience",bookSignature:"Hwee-San Lim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1602.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"3910",title:"Dr.",name:"Hwee-San",surname:"Lim",slug:"hwee-san-lim",fullName:"Hwee-San Lim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"79356",slug:"corrigendum-to-vascular-repair-and-remodeling-a-review",title:"Corrigendum to: Vascular Repair and Remodeling: A Review",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/79244.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/79244",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/79244",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/79244",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/79244",chapter:{id:"54438",slug:"vascular-repair-and-remodeling-a-review",signatures:"Nicolás F. Renna, Rodrigo Garcia, Jesica Ramirez and Roberto M.\nMiatello",dateSubmitted:"May 26th 2016",dateReviewed:"January 16th 2017",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"April 5th 2017",book:{id:"5682",title:"Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis",subtitle:"Signaling Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy",fullTitle:"Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis - Signaling Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy",slug:"physiologic-and-pathologic-angiogenesis-signaling-mechanisms-and-targeted-therapy",publishedDate:"April 5th 2017",bookSignature:"Dan Simionescu and Agneta Simionescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5682.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"66196",title:"Dr.",name:"Dan",middleName:"T.",surname:"Simionescu",slug:"dan-simionescu",fullName:"Dan Simionescu"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"192616",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicolás",middleName:null,surname:"Renna",fullName:"Nicolás Renna",slug:"nicolas-renna",email:"nicolasfede@gmail.com",position:null,institution:{name:"National University of Cuyo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}},{id:"202536",title:"Dr.",name:"Rodrigo",middleName:"Damián",surname:"García",fullName:"Rodrigo García",slug:"rodrigo-garcia",email:"rodridg@hotmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"202537",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesica",middleName:null,surname:"Ramirez",fullName:"Jesica Ramirez",slug:"jesica-ramirez",email:"jesicamagali@hotmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"202539",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto M.",middleName:null,surname:"Miatello",fullName:"Roberto M. Miatello",slug:"roberto-m.-miatello",email:"rmmiatello@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"54438",slug:"vascular-repair-and-remodeling-a-review",signatures:"Nicolás F. Renna, Rodrigo Garcia, Jesica Ramirez and Roberto M.\nMiatello",dateSubmitted:"May 26th 2016",dateReviewed:"January 16th 2017",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"April 5th 2017",book:{id:"5682",title:"Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis",subtitle:"Signaling Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy",fullTitle:"Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis - Signaling Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy",slug:"physiologic-and-pathologic-angiogenesis-signaling-mechanisms-and-targeted-therapy",publishedDate:"April 5th 2017",bookSignature:"Dan Simionescu and Agneta Simionescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5682.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"66196",title:"Dr.",name:"Dan",middleName:"T.",surname:"Simionescu",slug:"dan-simionescu",fullName:"Dan Simionescu"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"192616",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicolás",middleName:null,surname:"Renna",fullName:"Nicolás Renna",slug:"nicolas-renna",email:"nicolasfede@gmail.com",position:null,institution:{name:"National University of Cuyo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}},{id:"202536",title:"Dr.",name:"Rodrigo",middleName:"Damián",surname:"García",fullName:"Rodrigo García",slug:"rodrigo-garcia",email:"rodridg@hotmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"202537",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesica",middleName:null,surname:"Ramirez",fullName:"Jesica Ramirez",slug:"jesica-ramirez",email:"jesicamagali@hotmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"202539",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto M.",middleName:null,surname:"Miatello",fullName:"Roberto M. Miatello",slug:"roberto-m.-miatello",email:"rmmiatello@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"5682",title:"Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis",subtitle:"Signaling Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy",fullTitle:"Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis - Signaling Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy",slug:"physiologic-and-pathologic-angiogenesis-signaling-mechanisms-and-targeted-therapy",publishedDate:"April 5th 2017",bookSignature:"Dan Simionescu and Agneta Simionescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5682.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"66196",title:"Dr.",name:"Dan",middleName:"T.",surname:"Simionescu",slug:"dan-simionescu",fullName:"Dan Simionescu"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"11889",leadTitle:null,title:"Sexual Disorders and Dysfunctions",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"
\r\n\tThe book explains and educates the reader regarding normal sexual function, sexual dysfunction, and sexual dysfunction disorders both in males and females. The objective of the book will be to highlight the importance of sex education and explain normal human sexuality. With the growing number of males and females reporting sexual dysfunction the need for a ready reckoner of sexual dysfunction may be relevant and necessary.
\r\n
\r\n\tThe book will have chapters on normal human sexuality, sexual health, Sexual dysfunction in the male and female, sexual dysfunction disorders related to libido, orgasm, ejaculation, erection, and genetic or hormonal or developmental or sexuo-erotic orientation defects.
\r\n
\r\n\tThe book will also highlight the importance of sex counselors and therapists. \r\n\tThere will be a chapter on secondary causes of sexual dysfunction disorders related to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. A chapter on remedial measures to enhance sexual activity and maintain human relationships will be discussed. As there is a growing number of cancer survivors a chapter on cancer-related sexual dysfunction will be welcomed for including it.
",isbn:null,printIsbn:null,pdfIsbn:null,doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"b988fda30a4e2364ee9d47e417bd0ba9",bookSignature:"Dr. Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11889.jpg",keywords:"Sex, Sexual Response Cycle, Erection, Premature Ejaculation, Libido, Orgasm, Painful Intercourse, Psychological, Female, Lack of Desire, Erectile Disorders, Pain Disorders",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 8th 2022",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 6th 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"July 5th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"September 23rd 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"November 22nd 2022",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"3 months",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff is a life member of the European Society for Human Reproduction and Early Human Development, Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India, member of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, and resource person for UNESCO for Medical and Bioethics. Dr. Sheriff has authored five books including a textbook on medical biochemistry with additional interest in human sexology. He has done extensive research in andrology, sex education, and counseling.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"167875",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhastagir Sultan",middleName:null,surname:"Sheriff",slug:"dhastagir-sultan-sheriff",fullName:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/167875/images/system/167875.jpg",biography:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff is a life member of the European Society for Human Reproduction and Early Human Development, Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India, member of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, and resource person for UNESCO for Medical and Bioethics. Dr. Sheriff has authored five books including a textbook on medical biochemistry with additional interest in human sexology. He had editorials written in the British Journal of Sexology, Journal of Royal Society of Medicine, Postgraduate Medicine, and Scientist. He was a former Rotarian, Citizen Ambassador, and was selected for the Ford Foundation Fellowship.",institutionString:"University of Benghazi",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"4",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"University of Benghazi",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Libya"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"16",title:"Medicine",slug:"medicine"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6934",title:"Psycho-Social Aspects of Human Sexuality and Ethics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"44731b106aa0d1ab5c64a7394483c7d5",slug:"psycho-social-aspects-of-human-sexuality-and-ethics",bookSignature:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6934.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"167875",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhastagir Sultan",surname:"Sheriff",slug:"dhastagir-sultan-sheriff",fullName:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7163",title:"Infertility, Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Hormone Assays",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6db6e4ccb7088f17f819121f7eb6424d",slug:"infertility-assisted-reproductive-technologies-and-hormone-assays",bookSignature:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7163.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"167875",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhastagir Sultan",surname:"Sheriff",slug:"dhastagir-sultan-sheriff",fullName:"Dhastagir Sultan Sheriff"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6550",title:"Cohort Studies in Health Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"01df5aba4fff1a84b37a2fdafa809660",slug:"cohort-studies-in-health-sciences",bookSignature:"R. Mauricio Barría",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6550.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"88861",title:"Dr.",name:"R. Mauricio",surname:"Barría",slug:"r.-mauricio-barria",fullName:"R. Mauricio Barría"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9500",title:"Recent Advances in Bone Tumours and Osteoarthritis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ea4ec0d6ee01b88e264178886e3210ed",slug:"recent-advances-in-bone-tumours-and-osteoarthritis",bookSignature:"Hiran Amarasekera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9500.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67634",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiran",surname:"Amarasekera",slug:"hiran-amarasekera",fullName:"Hiran Amarasekera"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"14908",title:"Size-Based Software Cost Modelling with Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms",doi:"10.5772/15851",slug:"size-based-software-cost-modelling-with-artificial-neural-networks-and-genetic-algorithms",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/14908.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14908",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14908",totalDownloads:2860,totalViews:101,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,introChapter:null,impactScore:0,impactScorePercentile:24,impactScoreQuartile:1,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"June 18th 2010",dateReviewed:"November 3rd 2010",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"April 11th 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/14908",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/14908",book:{id:"1587",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-application"},signatures:"Efi Papatheocharous and Andreas S. Andreou",authors:[{id:"22203",title:"Prof.",name:"Andreas S.",middleName:null,surname:"Andreou",fullName:"Andreas S. Andreou",slug:"andreas-s.-andreou",email:"andreas.andreou@cut.ac.cy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Cyprus University of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Cyprus"}}},{id:"22459",title:"MSc.",name:"Efi",middleName:null,surname:"Papatheocharous",fullName:"Efi Papatheocharous",slug:"efi-papatheocharous",email:"efi.papatheocharous@cs.ucy.ac.cy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1587",type:"book",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Application",fullTitle:"Artificial Neural Networks - Application",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-application",publishedDate:"April 11th 2011",bookSignature:"Chi Leung Patrick Hui",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1587.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-188-6",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4499-1",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:89,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"22866",title:"Dr.",name:"Chi Leung Patrick",middleName:null,surname:"Hui",slug:"chi-leung-patrick-hui",fullName:"Chi Leung Patrick Hui"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"609"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"14900",type:"chapter",title:"World-Level Analysis in Top Level Football Analysis and Simulation of Football Specific Group Tactics by Means of Adaptive Neural Networks",slug:"world-level-analysis-in-top-level-football-analysis-and-simulation-of-football-specific-group-tactic",totalDownloads:5227,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Memmert Daniel, Bischof Jürgen, Endler Stefan, Grunz Andreas, Schmid Markus, Schmidt Andrea and Perl Jürgen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19110",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Memmert",fullName:"Daniel Memmert",slug:"daniel-memmert"}]},{id:"14901",type:"chapter",title:"Artificial Neural Networks Numerical Forecasting of Economic Time Series",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-numerical-forecasting-of-economic-time-series",totalDownloads:3453,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Michael Štencl and Jiří Šťastny",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20400",title:"PhD.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Štencl",fullName:"Michael Štencl",slug:"michael-stencl"},{id:"23027",title:"Prof.",name:"Jiří",middleName:null,surname:"Šťastný",fullName:"Jiří Šťastný",slug:"jiri-stastny"}]},{id:"14902",type:"chapter",title:"Neural and Bayesian Networks to Fight Crime: the NBNC Meta-Model of Risk Analysis",slug:"neural-and-bayesian-networks-to-fight-crime-the-nbnc-meta-model-of-risk-analysis",totalDownloads:2822,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Gaetano Bruno Ronsivalle",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20842",title:"Prof.",name:"Gaetano Bruno",middleName:null,surname:"Ronsivalle",fullName:"Gaetano Bruno Ronsivalle",slug:"gaetano-bruno-ronsivalle"}]},{id:"14903",type:"chapter",title:"Applications of Neural Networks in Advanced Oxidative Process",slug:"applications-of-neural-networks-in-advanced-oxidative-process",totalDownloads:2793,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Messias Borges Silva, Oswaldo Luiz Cobra Guimarães, Adriano Francisco Siqueira, Hélcio José Izário Filho, Darcy Nunes Villela Filho, Henrique Otávio Queiroz de Aquino, Ivy dos Santos Oliveira and Carlos Roberto de Oliveira Almeida",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22897",title:"Dr.",name:"Messias",middleName:null,surname:"Borges Silva",fullName:"Messias Borges Silva",slug:"messias-borges-silva"},{id:"23092",title:"Dr.",name:"Oswaldo Luiz Cobra",middleName:null,surname:"Guimarães",fullName:"Oswaldo Luiz Cobra Guimarães",slug:"oswaldo-luiz-cobra-guimaraes"},{id:"23093",title:"Dr.",name:"Hélcio José",middleName:null,surname:"Izário Filho",fullName:"Hélcio José Izário Filho",slug:"helcio-jose-izario-filho"}]},{id:"14904",type:"chapter",title:"Application of Artificial Neural Network for Mineral Potential Mapping",slug:"application-of-artificial-neural-network-for-mineral-potential-mapping",totalDownloads:3290,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Saro Lee and Hyun-Joo Oh",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20726",title:"Dr.",name:"Saro",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Saro Lee",slug:"saro-lee"},{id:"23576",title:"Dr.",name:"Hyun-Joo",middleName:null,surname:"Oh",fullName:"Hyun-Joo Oh",slug:"hyun-joo-oh"}]},{id:"14905",type:"chapter",title:"The Use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Modelling, Simulation and Prediction of Advanced Oxidation Process Performance in Recalcitrant Wastewater Treatment",slug:"the-use-of-artificial-neural-network-ann-for-modelling-simulation-and-prediction-of-advanced-oxidati",totalDownloads:5235,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Emad S. Elmolla and Malay Chaudhuri",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19117",title:"Dr.",name:"Emad S.",middleName:null,surname:"Elmolla",fullName:"Emad S. Elmolla",slug:"emad-s.-elmolla"},{id:"22992",title:"Dr.",name:"Malay",middleName:null,surname:"Chaudhuri",fullName:"Malay Chaudhuri",slug:"malay-chaudhuri"}]},{id:"14906",type:"chapter",title:"Construction of Optimal Artificial Neural Network Architectures for Application to Chemical Systems: Comparison of Generalized Pattern Search Method and Evolutionary Algorithm",slug:"construction-of-optimal-artificial-neural-network-architectures-for-application-to-chemical-systems-",totalDownloads:2383,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Matthias Ihme",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19744",title:"Dr.",name:"Matthias",middleName:null,surname:"Ihme",fullName:"Matthias Ihme",slug:"matthias-ihme"}]},{id:"14907",type:"chapter",title:"Facile Tool for Prediction of Catalytic Activity — Cu-Lanthanoid Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis",slug:"facile-tool-for-prediction-of-catalytic-activity-cu-lanthanoid-catalyst-for-methanol-synthesis",totalDownloads:1863,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Kohji Omata, Tetuo Umegaki and Muneyoshi Yamada",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20456",title:"Dr.",name:"Kohji",middleName:null,surname:"Omata",fullName:"Kohji Omata",slug:"kohji-omata"},{id:"20465",title:"Prof.",name:"Tetuo",middleName:null,surname:"Umegaki",fullName:"Tetuo Umegaki",slug:"tetuo-umegaki"},{id:"20466",title:"Prof.",name:"Muneyoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Yamada",fullName:"Muneyoshi Yamada",slug:"muneyoshi-yamada"}]},{id:"14908",type:"chapter",title:"Size-Based Software Cost Modelling with Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms",slug:"size-based-software-cost-modelling-with-artificial-neural-networks-and-genetic-algorithms",totalDownloads:2860,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Efi Papatheocharous and Andreas S. Andreou",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22203",title:"Prof.",name:"Andreas S.",middleName:null,surname:"Andreou",fullName:"Andreas S. Andreou",slug:"andreas-s.-andreou"},{id:"22459",title:"MSc.",name:"Efi",middleName:null,surname:"Papatheocharous",fullName:"Efi Papatheocharous",slug:"efi-papatheocharous"}]},{id:"14909",type:"chapter",title:"Artificial Neural Network for Cooperative Distributed Environments",slug:"artificial-neural-network-for-cooperative-distributed-environments",totalDownloads:2078,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Mauricio Paletta",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22764",title:"Dr.",name:"Mauricio",middleName:null,surname:"Paletta",fullName:"Mauricio Paletta",slug:"mauricio-paletta"}]},{id:"14910",type:"chapter",title:"Applications of Artificial Neural Networks to Facial Image Processing",slug:"applications-of-artificial-neural-networks-to-facial-image-processing",totalDownloads:3869,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Thai Hoang Le",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21256",title:"Dr.",name:"Thai Hoang",middleName:null,surname:"Le",fullName:"Thai Hoang Le",slug:"thai-hoang-le"}]},{id:"14911",type:"chapter",title:"Modeling Spammer Behavior: Artificial Neural Network vs. Naïve Bayesian Classifier",slug:"modeling-spammer-behavior-artificial-neural-network-vs-nai-ve-bayesian-classifier",totalDownloads:2536,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Saiful Islam and Rafiqul Islam",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22864",title:"Dr.",name:"Saiful",middleName:null,surname:"Islam",fullName:"Saiful Islam",slug:"saiful-islam"},{id:"22867",title:"Dr.",name:"Rafiqul",middleName:null,surname:"Islam",fullName:"Rafiqul Islam",slug:"rafiqul-islam"}]},{id:"14912",type:"chapter",title:"Applying an Artificial Neural Network to Predicting Effort and Errors for Embedded Software Development Projects",slug:"applying-an-artificial-neural-network-to-predicting-effort-and-errors-for-embedded-software-developm",totalDownloads:2040,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Kazunori Iwata, Toyoshiro Nakashima, Yoshiyuki Anan and Naohiro Ishii",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23039",title:"Dr.",name:"Kazunori",middleName:null,surname:"Iwata",fullName:"Kazunori Iwata",slug:"kazunori-iwata"},{id:"23040",title:"Dr.",name:"Toyoshiro",middleName:null,surname:"Nakashima",fullName:"Toyoshiro Nakashima",slug:"toyoshiro-nakashima"},{id:"23041",title:"PhD.",name:"Yoshiyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Anan",fullName:"Yoshiyuki Anan",slug:"yoshiyuki-anan"},{id:"23042",title:"Prof.",name:"Naohiro",middleName:null,surname:"Ishii",fullName:"Naohiro Ishii",slug:"naohiro-ishii"}]},{id:"14913",type:"chapter",title:"Design of High Speed Neural Networks for Fast Pattern Detection by using Cross Correlation and Matrix Decomposition",slug:"design-of-high-speed-neural-networks-for-fast-pattern-detection-by-using-cross-correlation-and-matri",totalDownloads:2289,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Hazem M. El-Bakry",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21139",title:"Dr.",name:"Hazem M.",middleName:null,surname:"El-Bakry",fullName:"Hazem M. El-Bakry",slug:"hazem-m.-el-bakry"}]},{id:"14914",type:"chapter",title:"Study for Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Geotechnical Problems",slug:"study-for-application-of-artificial-neural-networks-in-geotechnical-problems",totalDownloads:3886,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Hyun Il Park",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19318",title:"Prof.",name:"Hyun Il",middleName:null,surname:"Park",fullName:"Hyun Il Park",slug:"hyun-il-park"}]},{id:"14915",type:"chapter",title:"Confidence Intervals for Neural Networks and Applications to Modeling Engineering Materials",slug:"confidence-intervals-for-neural-networks-and-applications-to-modeling-engineering-materials",totalDownloads:5209,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Shouling He and Jiang Li",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23148",title:"Dr.",name:"Jiang",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Jiang Li",slug:"jiang-li"}]},{id:"14916",type:"chapter",title:"Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: an Assessment of the Use of an Advanced Neural Network Model with Five Different Training Strategies",slug:"landslide-susceptibility-mapping-an-assessment-of-the-use-of-an-advanced-neural-network-model-with-f",totalDownloads:6221,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Biswajeet Pradha, Shattri Mansor and Saied Pirasteh",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20763",title:"Prof.",name:"Biswajeet",middleName:null,surname:"Pradhan",fullName:"Biswajeet Pradhan",slug:"biswajeet-pradhan"},{id:"21783",title:"Dr.",name:"Biswajeet",middleName:null,surname:"Pradhan",fullName:"Biswajeet Pradhan",slug:"biswajeet-pradhan"}]},{id:"14917",type:"chapter",title:"Dynamic Fuzzy Neural-Network Model for Estimating Heavy Metal Concentration in Rice Using Spectral Indices and Environmental Parameters",slug:"dynamic-fuzzy-neural-network-model-for-estimating-heavy-metal-concentration-in-rice-using-spectral-i",totalDownloads:2582,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Xiangnan Liu and Meiling Liu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22707",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiangnan",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Xiangnan Liu",slug:"xiangnan-liu"},{id:"22709",title:"Dr.",name:"Meiling",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Meiling Liu",slug:"meiling-liu"}]},{id:"14918",type:"chapter",title:"Application of Artificial Intelligence in Environmental Sciences – Forecasting CO2 Emission in Poland",slug:"application-of-artificial-intelligence-in-environmental-sciences-forecasting-co2-emission-in-poland",totalDownloads:3063,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Alicja Kolasa – Więcek",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20139",title:"Dr.",name:"Alicja",middleName:null,surname:"Kolasa-Więcek",fullName:"Alicja Kolasa-Więcek",slug:"alicja-kolasa-wiecek"}]},{id:"14919",type:"chapter",title:"Applying Artificial Neural Network on Modelling Waterbird Diversity in Irrigation Ponds of Taoyuan, Taiwan",slug:"applying-artificial-neural-network-on-modelling-waterbird-diversity-in-irrigation-ponds-of-taoyuan-t",totalDownloads:2248,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Wei-Ta Fang, K. Douglas Loh, Hone-Jay Chu and Bai-You Cheng",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"10635",title:"Dr.",name:"Koushen Douglas",middleName:null,surname:"Loh",fullName:"Koushen Douglas Loh",slug:"koushen-douglas-loh"},{id:"23077",title:"Dr.",name:"Wei-Ta",middleName:null,surname:"Fang",fullName:"Wei-Ta Fang",slug:"wei-ta-fang"},{id:"23078",title:"Dr.",name:"Hone-Jay",middleName:null,surname:"Chu",fullName:"Hone-Jay Chu",slug:"hone-jay-chu"},{id:"24300",title:"Prof.",name:"Bai-You",middleName:null,surname:"Cheng",fullName:"Bai-You Cheng",slug:"bai-you-cheng"}]},{id:"14920",type:"chapter",title:"Developing an Artificial Neural Network for Modeling and Prediction of Temporal Structure and Spectral Composition of Environmental Noise in Cities",slug:"developing-an-artificial-neural-network-for-modeling-and-prediction-of-temporal-structure-and-spectr",totalDownloads:2879,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Antonio J. Torija, Diego P. Ruiz and Ángel Ramos-Ridao",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20965",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio J.",middleName:null,surname:"Torija",fullName:"Antonio J. Torija",slug:"antonio-j.-torija"},{id:"23127",title:"Prof.",name:"Diego P.",middleName:null,surname:"Ruiz",fullName:"Diego P. Ruiz",slug:"diego-p.-ruiz"},{id:"23128",title:"Prof.",name:"Ángel",middleName:null,surname:"Ramos-Ridao",fullName:"Ángel Ramos-Ridao",slug:"angel-ramos-ridao"},{id:"23129",title:"Dr.",name:"Ignacio",middleName:null,surname:"Requena",fullName:"Ignacio Requena",slug:"ignacio-requena"}]},{id:"14921",type:"chapter",title:"Artificial Neural Networks: Applications in Nanotechnology",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-applications-in-nanotechnology",totalDownloads:5041,totalCrossrefCites:7,signatures:"Amir Amani and Dariush Mohammadyani",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21210",title:"Dr.",name:"Amir",middleName:null,surname:"Amani",fullName:"Amir Amani",slug:"amir-amani"},{id:"22996",title:"Dr.",name:"Dariush",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadyani",fullName:"Dariush Mohammadyani",slug:"dariush-mohammadyani"}]},{id:"14922",type:"chapter",title:"Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Optical Properties of Nanosemiconductors",slug:"application-of-artificial-neural-networks-in-optical-properties-of-nanosemiconductors",totalDownloads:2955,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"M. Farzalipour Tabriz, P. Salehpour and A. Esmaielzadeh Kandjani",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20690",title:"MSc.",name:"Ahmad",middleName:null,surname:"Esmaielzadeh Kandjani",fullName:"Ahmad Esmaielzadeh Kandjani",slug:"ahmad-esmaielzadeh-kandjani"},{id:"20692",title:"MSc.",name:"Meisam",middleName:null,surname:"Farzalipour Tabriz",fullName:"Meisam Farzalipour Tabriz",slug:"meisam-farzalipour-tabriz"},{id:"20693",title:"MSc.",name:"Pedram",middleName:null,surname:"Salehpour",fullName:"Pedram Salehpour",slug:"pedram-salehpour"}]},{id:"14923",type:"chapter",title:"Evolutionary Artificial Neural Networks in Neutron Spectrometry",slug:"evolutionary-artificial-neural-networks-in-neutron-spectrometry",totalDownloads:2456,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"José Manuel Ortiz-Rodríguez, Ma. del Rosario Martínez-Blanco and Héctor René Vega-Carrillo",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19773",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Ortiz-Rodriguez",fullName:"Jose Manuel Ortiz-Rodriguez",slug:"jose-manuel-ortiz-rodriguez"},{id:"22531",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Del Rosario",middleName:null,surname:"Martinez-Blanco",fullName:"Maria Del Rosario Martinez-Blanco",slug:"maria-del-rosario-martinez-blanco"},{id:"22532",title:"Dr.",name:"Héctor René",middleName:null,surname:"Vega-Carrillo",fullName:"Héctor René Vega-Carrillo",slug:"hector-rene-vega-carrillo"}]},{id:"14924",type:"chapter",title:"Analysis of Thermal Transient Processes by Means of Neural Network Technique",slug:"analysis-of-thermal-transient-processes-by-means-of-neural-network-technique",totalDownloads:2193,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rafał Rakoczy and Stanisław Masiuk",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"18639",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanisław",middleName:null,surname:"Masiuk",fullName:"Stanisław Masiuk",slug:"stanislaw-masiuk"},{id:"20410",title:"Dr.",name:"Rafał",middleName:null,surname:"Rakoczy",fullName:"Rafał Rakoczy",slug:"rafal-rakoczy"}]},{id:"14925",type:"chapter",title:"Application of Artificial Neural Networks and Hybrid Methods in the Solution of Inverse Problems",slug:"application-of-artificial-neural-networks-and-hybrid-methods-in-the-solution-of-inverse-problems",totalDownloads:2183,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jader Lugon Junior, Antônio J. da Silva Neto, Luiz Biondi Neto, Francisco José da Cunha Pires Soeiro, Cesar Costapinto Santana and Haroldo F. Campos Velho",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"11750",title:"Dr.",name:"Jader",middleName:null,surname:"Lugon Junior",fullName:"Jader Lugon Junior",slug:"jader-lugon-junior"},{id:"11753",title:"Prof.",name:"Cesar Costapinto",middleName:null,surname:"Santana",fullName:"Cesar Costapinto Santana",slug:"cesar-costapinto-santana"},{id:"11756",title:"Prof.",name:"Antônio Jose",middleName:"Da",surname:"Silva Neto",fullName:"Antônio Jose Silva Neto",slug:"antonio-jose-silva-neto"},{id:"14750",title:"Dr.",name:"Luiz",middleName:"Biondi",surname:"Neto",fullName:"Luiz Neto",slug:"luiz-neto"},{id:"23036",title:"Dr.",name:"Haroldo",middleName:null,surname:"Fraga De Campos Velho",fullName:"Haroldo Fraga De Campos Velho",slug:"haroldo-fraga-de-campos-velho"}]},{id:"14926",type:"chapter",title:"The Use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in Aquatic Ecology",slug:"the-use-of-artificial-neural-networks-anns-in-aquatic-ecology",totalDownloads:3692,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Antoni Quetglas, Francesc Ordines and Beatriz Guijarro",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23137",title:"Dr.",name:"Antoni",middleName:null,surname:"Quetglas",fullName:"Antoni Quetglas",slug:"antoni-quetglas"},{id:"23138",title:"Mr.",name:"Francesc",middleName:null,surname:"Ordines",fullName:"Francesc Ordines",slug:"francesc-ordines"},{id:"23139",title:"Ms.",name:"Beatriz",middleName:null,surname:"Guijarro",fullName:"Beatriz Guijarro",slug:"beatriz-guijarro"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"117",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Methodological Advances and Biomedical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"artificial-neural-networks-methodological-advances-and-biomedical-applications",bookSignature:"Kenji Suzuki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/117.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"3095",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",surname:"Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"14881",title:"Introduction to the Artificial Neural Networks",slug:"introduction-to-the-artificial-neural-networks",signatures:"Andrej Krenker, Janez Bešter and Andrej Kos",authors:[{id:"21859",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrej",middleName:null,surname:"Kos",fullName:"Andrej Kos",slug:"andrej-kos"},{id:"62151",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrej",middleName:null,surname:"Krenker",fullName:"Andrej Krenker",slug:"andrej-krenker"}]},{id:"14882",title:"Review of Input Variable Selection Methods for Artificial Neural Networks",slug:"review-of-input-variable-selection-methods-for-artificial-neural-networks",signatures:"Robert May, Graeme Dandy and Holger Maier",authors:[{id:"22868",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:"James",surname:"May",fullName:"Robert May",slug:"robert-may"},{id:"23014",title:"Dr.",name:"Holger",middleName:null,surname:"Maier",fullName:"Holger Maier",slug:"holger-maier"},{id:"26897",title:"Prof.",name:"Graeme",middleName:null,surname:"Dandy",fullName:"Graeme Dandy",slug:"graeme-dandy"}]},{id:"14883",title:"Artificial Neural Networks and Efficient Optimization Techniques for Applications in Engineering",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-and-efficient-optimization-techniques-for-applications-in-engineering",signatures:"Rossana M. S. Cruz, Helton M. Peixoto and Rafael M. Magalhães",authors:[{id:"20227",title:"Dr.",name:"Rossana",middleName:null,surname:"Moreno Santa Cruz",fullName:"Rossana Moreno Santa Cruz",slug:"rossana-moreno-santa-cruz"},{id:"23214",title:"MSc.",name:"Helton",middleName:null,surname:"Maia Peixoto",fullName:"Helton Maia Peixoto",slug:"helton-maia-peixoto"},{id:"23215",title:"Prof.",name:"Rafael",middleName:null,surname:"Marrocos Magalhães",fullName:"Rafael Marrocos Magalhães",slug:"rafael-marrocos-magalhaes"}]},{id:"14884",title:"Pixel-Based Artificial Neural Networks in Computer-Aided Diagnosis",slug:"pixel-based-artificial-neural-networks-in-computer-aided-diagnosis",signatures:"Kenji Suzuki",authors:[{id:"3095",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",middleName:null,surname:"Suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki"}]},{id:"14885",title:"Applied Artificial Neural Networks: from Associative Memories to Biomedical Applications",slug:"applied-artificial-neural-networks-from-associative-memories-to-biomedical-applications",signatures:"Mahmood Amiri and Katayoun Derakhshandeh",authors:[{id:"20356",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmood",middleName:null,surname:"Amiri",fullName:"Mahmood Amiri",slug:"mahmood-amiri"},{id:"22988",title:"Dr.",name:"Katayoun",middleName:null,surname:"Derakhshandeh",fullName:"Katayoun Derakhshandeh",slug:"katayoun-derakhshandeh"}]},{id:"14886",title:"Medical Image Segmentation Using Artificial Neural Networks",slug:"medical-image-segmentation-using-artificial-neural-networks",signatures:"Mostafa Jabarouti Moghaddam and Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh",authors:[{id:"23180",title:"PhD.",name:"Hamid",middleName:null,surname:"Soltanian-Zadeh",fullName:"Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh",slug:"hamid-soltanian-zadeh"},{id:"23181",title:"PhD.",name:"Mostafa",middleName:null,surname:"Jabarouti Moghaddam",fullName:"Mostafa Jabarouti Moghaddam",slug:"mostafa-jabarouti-moghaddam"}]},{id:"14887",title:"Artificial Neural Networks and Predictive Medicine: a Revolutionary Paradigm Shift",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-and-predictive-medicine-a-revolutionary-paradigm-shift",signatures:"Enzo Grossi",authors:[{id:"22119",title:"Dr.",name:"Enzo",middleName:null,surname:"Grossi",fullName:"Enzo Grossi",slug:"enzo-grossi"}]},{id:"14888",title:"Reputation-Based Neural Network Combinations",slug:"reputation-based-neural-network-combinations",signatures:"Mohammad Nikjoo, Azadeh Kushki, Joon Lee, Catriona Steele and Tom Chau",authors:[{id:"5960",title:"Dr.",name:"Tom",middleName:null,surname:"Chau",fullName:"Tom Chau",slug:"tom-chau"},{id:"23592",title:"PhD.",name:"Mohammad",middleName:null,surname:"Nikjoo",fullName:"Mohammad Nikjoo",slug:"mohammad-nikjoo"},{id:"29754",title:"PhD.",name:"Azadeh",middleName:null,surname:"Kushki",fullName:"Azadeh Kushki",slug:"azadeh-kushki"},{id:"29755",title:"Dr.",name:"Catriona",middleName:"M",surname:"Steele",fullName:"Catriona Steele",slug:"catriona-steele"}]},{id:"14889",title:"Prioritising Genes with an Artificial Neural Network Comprising Medical Documents to Accelerate Positional Cloning in Biological Research",slug:"prioritising-genes-with-an-artificial-neural-network-comprising-medical-documents-to-accelerate-posi",signatures:"Norio Kobayashi and Tetsuro Toyoda",authors:[{id:"23334",title:"Dr.",name:"Tetsuro",middleName:null,surname:"Toyoda",fullName:"Tetsuro Toyoda",slug:"tetsuro-toyoda"},{id:"27263",title:"Dr.",name:"Norio",middleName:null,surname:"Kobayashi",fullName:"Norio Kobayashi",slug:"norio-kobayashi"}]},{id:"14890",title:"Artificial Neural Networks Technology to Model and Predict Plant Biology Process",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-technology-to-model-and-predict-plant-biology-process",signatures:"Pedro P. Gallego, Jorge Gago and Mariana Landín",authors:[{id:"19226",title:"Prof.",name:"Pedro",middleName:"Pablo",surname:"Gallego",fullName:"Pedro Gallego",slug:"pedro-gallego"},{id:"23361",title:"Prof.",name:"Mariana",middleName:null,surname:"Landín",fullName:"Mariana Landín",slug:"mariana-landin"},{id:"23362",title:"Dr.",name:"Jorge",middleName:null,surname:"Gago",fullName:"Jorge Gago",slug:"jorge-gago"}]},{id:"14891",title:"The Usefulness of Artificial Neural Networks in Predicting the Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation",slug:"the-usefulness-of-artificial-neural-networks-in-predicting-the-outcome-of-hematopoietic-stem-cell-tr",signatures:"Giovanni Caocci, Roberto Baccoli and Giorgio La Nasa",authors:[{id:"22963",title:"Dr.",name:"Giovanni",middleName:null,surname:"Caocci",fullName:"Giovanni Caocci",slug:"giovanni-caocci"},{id:"22965",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto",middleName:null,surname:"Baccoli",fullName:"Roberto Baccoli",slug:"roberto-baccoli"},{id:"22966",title:"Dr.",name:"Giorgio",middleName:null,surname:"La Nasa",fullName:"Giorgio La Nasa",slug:"giorgio-la-nasa"}]},{id:"14892",title:"Artificial Neural Networks and Retinal Ganglion Cell Responses",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-and-retinal-ganglion-cell-responses",signatures:"María P. Bonomini, José M. Ferrández and Eduardo Fernández",authors:[{id:"22652",title:"Prof.",name:"José M.",middleName:null,surname:"Ferrández",fullName:"José M. Ferrández",slug:"jose-m.-ferrandez"},{id:"22982",title:"Dr.",name:"María P.",middleName:null,surname:"Bonomini",fullName:"María P. Bonomini",slug:"maria-p.-bonomini"},{id:"22983",title:"Prof.",name:"Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Fernández",fullName:"Eduardo Fernández",slug:"eduardo-fernandez"}]},{id:"14893",title:"Diagnosing Skin Diseases Using an Artificial Neural Network",slug:"diagnosing-skin-diseases-using-an-artificial-neural-network",signatures:"Bakpo, F. S. and Kabari, L. G",authors:[{id:"20357",title:"Dr.",name:"Francis",middleName:null,surname:"Bakpo",fullName:"Francis Bakpo",slug:"francis-bakpo"}]},{id:"14894",title:"Artificial Neural Networks Used to Study the Evolution of the Multiple Sclerosis",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-used-to-study-the-evolution-of-the-multiple-sclerosis",signatures:"Tabares Ospina and Hector Anibal",authors:[{id:"19213",title:"Dr.",name:"Héctor",middleName:"Anibal",surname:"Tabares Ospina",fullName:"Héctor Tabares Ospina",slug:"hector-tabares-ospina"}]},{id:"14895",title:"Estimation the Depth of Anesthesia by the Use of Artificial Neural Network",slug:"estimation-the-depth-of-anesthesia-by-the-use-of-artificial-neural-network",signatures:"Hossein Rabbani, Alireza Mehri Dehnavi and Mehrab Ghanatbari",authors:[{id:"19794",title:"Dr.",name:"Hossein",middleName:null,surname:"Rabbani",fullName:"Hossein Rabbani",slug:"hossein-rabbani"},{id:"19795",title:"Dr.",name:"Alireza",middleName:null,surname:"Mehri Dehnavi",fullName:"Alireza Mehri Dehnavi",slug:"alireza-mehri-dehnavi"},{id:"23086",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehrab",middleName:null,surname:"Ghanatbari",fullName:"Mehrab Ghanatbari",slug:"mehrab-ghanatbari"}]},{id:"14896",title:"Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Applied for Gait Classification and Physiotherapy Monitoring in Post Stroke Patients",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-ann-applied-for-gait-classification-and-physiotherapy-monitoring-in-post-",signatures:"Katarzyna Kaczmarczyk, Andrzej Wit, Maciej Krawczyk, Jacek Zaborski and Józef Piłsudski",authors:[{id:"20501",title:"Dr.",name:"Katarzyna",middleName:null,surname:"Kaczmarczyk",fullName:"Katarzyna Kaczmarczyk",slug:"katarzyna-kaczmarczyk"},{id:"23066",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrzej",middleName:null,surname:"Wit",fullName:"Andrzej Wit",slug:"andrzej-wit"},{id:"23067",title:"Dr.",name:"Maciej",middleName:null,surname:"Krawczyk",fullName:"Maciej Krawczyk",slug:"maciej-krawczyk"},{id:"23068",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacek",middleName:null,surname:"Zaborski",fullName:"Jacek Zaborski",slug:"jacek-zaborski"}]},{id:"14897",title:"Forcasting the Clinical Outcome: Artificial Neural Networks or Multivariate Statistical Models?",slug:"forcasting-the-clinical-outcome-artificial-neural-networks-or-multivariate-statistical-models-",signatures:"Ahmed Akl and Mohamed A Ghoneim",authors:[{id:"22724",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed A.",middleName:null,surname:"Ghoneim",fullName:"Mohamed A. Ghoneim",slug:"mohamed-a.-ghoneim"},{id:"25964",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Akl",fullName:"Ahmed Akl",slug:"ahmed-akl"}]},{id:"14898",title:"Telecare Adoption Model Based on Artificial Neural Networks",slug:"telecare-adoption-model-based-on-artificial-neural-networks",signatures:"Jui-Chen Huang",authors:[{id:"23163",title:"Prof.",name:"Jui-Chen",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Jui-Chen Huang",slug:"jui-chen-huang"}]},{id:"14899",title:"Effectiveness of Artificial Neural Networks in Forecasting Failure Risk for Pre-Medical Students",slug:"effectiveness-of-artificial-neural-networks-in-forecasting-failure-risk-for-pre-medical-students",signatures:"Jawaher K. Alenezi, Mohammed M. Awny and Maged M. M. Fahmy",authors:[{id:"22900",title:"PhD.",name:"Jawaher K.",middleName:null,surname:"Alenezi",fullName:"Jawaher K. Alenezi",slug:"jawaher-k.-alenezi"},{id:"22901",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Awny",fullName:"Mohammed Awny",slug:"mohammed-awny"},{id:"22902",title:"Dr.",name:"Maged M.M.",middleName:null,surname:"Fahmy",fullName:"Maged M.M. Fahmy",slug:"maged-m.m.-fahmy"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"102",title:"Recurrent Neural Networks for Temporal Data Processing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7089e08bb69d3ec2993cb5eb1d8f5e5a",slug:"recurrent-neural-networks-for-temporal-data-processing",bookSignature:"Hubert Cardot",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/102.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"10879",title:"Prof.",name:"Hubert",surname:"Cardot",slug:"hubert-cardot",fullName:"Hubert Cardot"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"117",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Methodological Advances and Biomedical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"artificial-neural-networks-methodological-advances-and-biomedical-applications",bookSignature:"Kenji Suzuki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/117.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"3095",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",surname:"Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1586",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Industrial and Control Engineering Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"64fde94410f80afcb569fa85aad70473",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-industrial-and-control-engineering-applications",bookSignature:"Kenji Suzuki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1586.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"3095",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",surname:"Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1587",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2eba6989e74898028ddf52302dc10577",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-application",bookSignature:"Chi Leung Patrick Hui",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1587.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"22866",title:"Dr.",name:"Chi Leung Patrick",surname:"Hui",slug:"chi-leung-patrick-hui",fullName:"Chi Leung Patrick Hui"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1871",title:"Recurrent Neural Networks and Soft Computing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d3024ad4a23da3efee2eb8db0adab9ba",slug:"recurrent-neural-networks-and-soft-computing",bookSignature:"Mahmoud ElHefnawi and Mohamed Mysara",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1871.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"31550",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmoud",surname:"ElHefnawi",slug:"mahmoud-elhefnawi",fullName:"Mahmoud ElHefnawi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"1587",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2eba6989e74898028ddf52302dc10577",slug:"artificial-neural-networks-application",bookSignature:"Chi Leung Patrick Hui",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1587.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"22866",title:"Dr.",name:"Chi Leung Patrick",surname:"Hui",slug:"chi-leung-patrick-hui",fullName:"Chi Leung Patrick Hui"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"77475",title:"Role of Organ Preservation in Locally Advanced Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98906",slug:"role-of-organ-preservation-in-locally-advanced-hypopharyngeal-carcinoma",body:'
1. Introduction
Hypopharyngeal carcinoma accounts for about 3% of all head and neck cancers [1]. Anatomically, the subsites include the piriform sinus, the posterior pharyngeal wall, and the post-cricoid region up to the esophageal inlet. Mostly squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx presents as a locally advanced disease which is constituted by Stage III and IVa. Initially, surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy was the most common treatment modality for these patients. The exploration of organ preservation approaches has opened a new area of research in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal tumors. The role of definitive radiotherapy (RT) was explored since the beginning of the twentieth century. Later, the role of chemotherapy either as induction or concurrent in addition to RT was also investigated. Despite all these available approaches, hypopharyngeal carcinomas still have the worst prognosis of all head and neck cancers with a reported 5-year overall survival rate of about 30–35% [2, 3]. About 50% of patients develop local recurrence within the first year itself and the majority develop distant metastasis too [3].
2. Locally advanced carcinoma hypopharynx
Laryngeal preservation can be explained as the maintenance of the function of the larynx which excludes laryngectomy, long-term tracheostomy, and long-term feeding tube. The definition of larynx preservation was made more accurate in 2009 by a group of experts who defined the term laryngoesophageal dysfunction free survival (LEDFS) which comprised local failure, salvage laryngectomy, tracheostomy or feeding tube at 2 years or thereafter [4]. Major studies of laryngeal preservation were done in laryngeal carcinoma. The promising results of these studies have paved a way to adopt the same modalities in hypopharyngeal cancers also. Even before the publishing of any Phase 3 trials in organ preservation approaches, in a population-based review of hypopharyngeal cancers by Newman et al. [2], it was observed that there is a trend towards using radical radiotherapy than surgery since 1990.Thereafter chemotherapy has been incorporated along with radiation in various combinations in the management. The organ preservation strategies can be either nonsurgical or surgical. The various nonsurgical laryngeal preservation approaches in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma include induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by radical radiotherapy (RT); concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT); IC followed by CCRT and use of anti EFFR or monoclonal antibodies along with RT.
2.1 Induction chemotherapy followed by radical radiotherapy
There was a paradigm shift in the management of locally advanced laryngeal cancers with the publishing of the Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group (VALCSG) [5] which studied the role of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by radiotherapy (RT) versus surgery followed by RT in Stage III and IV laryngeal cancers. This landmark trial has established IC followed by RT to be the preferred organ preservation approach in locally advanced laryngeal cancers [6]. This trial initiated many studies in organ preservation in hypopharyngeal cancers as well.
The earliest Phase 3 randomized trial that studied the role of organ preservation in hypopharyngeal cancers was the EORTC 24891 trial [7] which included 194 patients who were randomized to receive either IC (Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 Day 1 and 5Fluorouracil[5-FU] 1000 mg/m2 infusion over 5 days) for 2–3 cycles followed by RT (N = 100) for patients with a complete response or surgical resection followed by postoperative RT (PORT) (N = 94). The 3-year overall survival (OS) for the IC arm was superior to the surgical arm (57% vs. 43%) but the 5-year OS rates were similar (30% with IC Vs 35% with surgery). The trend for disease-free survival (DFS) was similar to OS with the rates at 3 and 5-years being 43% and 25% for the IC arm versus 32% and 27% for the surgical arm, respectively. The laryngectomy free survival at 3 and 5 years in the IC arm were 28% and 17% respectively. It was also seen that the 3 and 5-year rates of retaining a functional larynx in induction chemotherapy arm were 42% and 35%, respectively. The 10-year update showed that the OS rate at 10 years was 13.8% (surgery arm) and 13.1% (IC arm) and the PFS rates were 8.5% and 10.8%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year rates of survival with preserved larynx were 21.9% and 8.7% respectively, thus confirming the role of IC followed by RT in the larynx preservation approach [8]. Thus, this trial validated the role of IC followed by RT in responders to chemotherapy as an alternative to laryngectomy for locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancers without compromising on survival or disease control.
The EORTC 24954 Phase 3 randomized control trial was done to assess the feasibility of delivering more cycles of chemotherapy [9]. This study compared alternative chemotherapy with RT versus IC followed by RT in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors. This trial included 450 patients who were randomized to either 2 cycles of IC (Cisplatin and 5-FU) followed by additional 2 cycles in responders followed by radiotherapy (70Gy total) or alternating arm of 4 cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-FU) alternating with RT 20Gy during the three 2 -week intervals between chemotherapy cycles (total 60Gy). Salvage surgery followed by PORT was offered to patients who did not respond to IC. The 3-year and 5-year rates of survival with a functional larynx were similar in both arms. Acute toxic effects were statistically significantly high in the sequential arm. But in this trial, the radiotherapy doses used were different (median dose for the IC arm was 71.5 Gy and for the alternating arm was 62.8Gy). The 10-year follow-up of the study also showed that the survival with functional larynx and overall survival were similar in both arms (18.7% and 33.6% in IC arm versus 18.3% and 31.6% in alternating arm) [10]. It was also observed there was a small trend for higher larynx preservation and better laryngeal function in the alternating arm. The late toxicities were similar in both arms and there was better tolerance of treatment in the alternating arm which may be explained by the lower doses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy doses in the investigational arm. Though this alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been validated in the literature, this regimen has not been routinely practiced which may be due to the technical difficulty of institutions in delivering such alternating schedules.
In this background, studies investigated the benefit of addition of Docetaxel to IC along with Cisplatin and 5FU (TPF) in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors. The superiority of 3 drug IC with the addition of a taxane to Cisplatin and 5 FU in terms of OS and PFS for advanced- stage head and neck cancers has been established by the TAX 323 [11] and TAX 324 trials [12]. To evaluate the same in locally advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancers, the GORTEC 2000–2001 trial was conducted [13]. This included 220 patients who were eligible for a total laryngectomy. The randomization was between IC with TPF (docetaxel at 75 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin at 75 mg/m2on day 1, and 5-FU at a dose of 750 mg/m2 continuous infusion over 5 days) Vs PF (cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and 5-FU given at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 continuous infusion over 5 days). Three cycles of IC chemotherapy were given in each arm and the responders (complete response at the primary site or partial response and recovered normal larynx mobility) received radical RT while non-responders underwent total laryngectomy and postoperative RT. The 3-year laryngeal preservation rate was 70.3% (TPF) vs. 57.5%(PF). The overall response was statistically higher in the TPF arm when compared to the PF arm (80.0% vs. 59.2%, P = .002). The acute toxicities to chemotherapy were variable in both arms with the TPF arm having more grade 2 alopecia, grade 4 neutropenia, and febrile neutropenia, while the PF arm had more grade 3 and 4 stomatitis, thrombocytopenia, and grade 4 creatinine elevation. The long-term efficacy and safety of the trial with a median follow-up of 105 months showed that the 5-year and 10-year larynx preservation rates were 74.0% vs. 58.1% and 70.3% vs. 46.5% (P = .01) in the TPF vs. PF arm, respectively [14]. Fewer grade 3–4 late toxicities were higher in the TPF arm when compared with the PF arm. (9.3% vs. 17.1%, P = .038).
Thus, IC with TPF was found to be superior to PF with respect to laryngeal preservation rates in locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers hence being a reasonable organ preservation approach albeit the toxicity of chemotherapy.
The major difference between the EORTC 24954 trial and GORTEC 2000–2001 trial was that radical radiotherapy was given to only complete responders to chemotherapy in the EORTC study while RT was given to patients with complete response in primary site or partial response with recovered normal mobility of larynx in the latter study.
Moreover, in the subsite analysis of MACH-NC, induction chemotherapy has shown a 5-year absolute benefit of 5.3% in OS and 3.3% in event-free survival (EFS) in hypopharyngeal cancers [15].
2.2 Concurrent chemotherapy
The role of concurrent chemotherapy along with RT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was established in the large MACH-NC meta-analysis and its updates [15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. The addition of chemotherapy concurrently to radiotherapy had shown improved survival for all tumor sites with an absolute 5-year OS benefit of 3.9% in the subset analysis of hypopharyngeal cancers. Thus, concurrent chemoradiation is another potential strategy that can be practiced for the organ preservation approach.
The role of CCRT in organ preservation for laryngeal cancers was established in RTOG 91–11 and its update and the study had shown a higher 10-year laryngeal preservation rate in CCRT arm over IC followed by RT when compared to RT alone [20, 21]. This study was only for laryngeal cancers and did not include patients with primary in the hypopharynx. Concurrent chemoradiation in hypopharyngeal cancers was studied in a phase 3 randomized trial by Prades et al. [22]. This trial included 81 patients with T3N0 pyriform sinus tumors only and the randomization arms were either CCRT with Cisplatin or IC with Cisplatin and 5-FU followed by response assessment for RT. The 2-year laryngeal preservation rates were 68% in the IC and 92% in the CCRT arm (p = 0.016) and the two-year event-free survival rates were 36% (IC arm) and 41% (CCRT arm) respectively without any difference in overall survival (47% vs. 51%). Even though this trial showed that CCRT is superior to IC followed by RT in responders, it included only a specific subset of patients and the sample size was also less.
To conclude, there are two schools of thought in the organ preservation approach in hypopharyngeal cancers which include either induction chemotherapy followed by response assessment or concurrent chemoradiation. These two approaches are being compared in the ongoing Phase 3 French trial (GORTEC 2014–2103-SALTORL) which randomizes patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers into IC with TPF followed by RT vs. CCRT with Cisplatin [23].
2.3 Induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation
No trials have evaluated the role of induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation in hypopharyngeal cancers alone. Various studies have shown that IC with 3 drugs is not superior to CCRT alone in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and the meta-analysis by Budach et al. also showed that induction chemotherapy with TPF before CCRT did not improve OS and PFS in locally advanced head and neck cancers compared to chemoradiation [24, 25, 26, 27].
2.4 Role of anti-EGFR therapy
Anti-EGFR therapy has been tried in different combinations in the management of various head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Various trials have compared RT alone vs. RT plus anti-EGFR [28, 29]; CCRT vs. CCRT plus anti-EGFR [30, 31, 32]; RT with Cetuximab vs. CCRT with Cetuximab [33]; CCRT vs. RT plus anti-EGFR [34, 35, 36] and IC followed by RT with Cetuximab vs. CCRT [37]. But there has been no proven benefit for anti-EGFR therapy in addition to concurrent chemoradiation in terms of overall survival in head and neck cancers.
There are no Phase 3 trials that have evaluated the role of anti-EGFR therapy specifically in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. Two Phase 2 trials have investigated the role of Cetuximab in these tumors. These include the GORTEC TREMPLIN trial and the DELOS trial which had studied the role of addition of Cetuximab to RT following IC with TPF (38–40). Both studies did not prove any superiority with the addition of Cetuximab and showed an increase in adverse effects in those receiving Cetuximab. Thus, there is no proven data for the use of anti-EGFR therapy in hypopharyngeal cancers and more Phase 3 studies are required to establish its role.
2.5 Role of immunotherapy
Immunotherapy has no established role in the management of locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancers. The JAVELIN trial which included locally advanced cancers of hypopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and oral cavity studied the role of Avelumab with concurrent chemoradiation [38]. The interim analysis did not show any significant improvement in PFS with the addition of Avelumab to CCRT.
2.6 Surgery
Various partial resection procedures that do not include a total pharyngolaryngectomy are available as organ preservation strategy. They include endoscopic transoral laser microsurgery (TLM), supracricoid partial laryngectomy, and partial pharyngectomy [39].
The ability to get a negative margin in hypopharyngeal cancers makes these procedures challenging. Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is a reasonable approach for the treatment of early and even moderately advanced tumors of the hypopharynx. Martin and Steiner et al. reported the results of 172 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer (Stage I-4%, Stage II-11%, Stage III-30% and Stage Iva-55%), mostly with piriform sinus tumors (87%) who underwent endoscopic TLM resections [40]. Even though this study demonstrated that TLM is a valid option to standard radical surgery or standard conservation treatment, it was seen that only 6% could be treated with TLM alone while 42% required TLM and neck dissection; 4% required TLM and adjuvant radiotherapy; and 48% needed TLM, neck dissection, and adjuvant radio- or radio chemotherapy. It was seen that 52% patients required adjuvant radio (chemo-)therapy. Another innovative approach is transoral robotic surgery (TORS). TORS has mainly been applied in the treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma but has been tried in the treatment of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. As of now, there are only few case series showing better functional outcomes with TORS in T1-T2 hypopharyngeal tumors [41, 42, 43, 44].
Even though various surgical approaches are available, they are mainly indicated in selected subset of patients, especially with early stage well defined lesions. It has to be noted that majority of the patients who undergo primary organ preservation surgery ultimately require adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Adequate surgical expertise is also required for these procedures. Hence the role of surgery in organ preservation approach in locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancers remains questionable.
3. Hypopharyngeal cancers with cartilage destruction (T4a N0-N2 disease)
Patients with cartilage destruction are not ideal candidates for larynx preservation approaches and surgery followed by RT remains the standard of care in this subgroup. There is less likelihood of complete response with RT or CCRT and reduced success rates due to increased complications of salvage laryngectomy in these patients.
4. T4b or N3 disease
These subsets of patients are generally treated with palliation. Highly selective patients like those with low volume primary, absence of heavy nodes, good performance status, and younger age group may be considered for radical approach [45].
5. Future directions
Large-scale clinical trials are difficult in hypopharyngeal tumors due to the poor prognosis and uncommon incidence of such tumors. The future direction in the management of hypopharyngeal cancers is the use of immunotherapy [46]. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors like Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab has shown promising results in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas [47, 48]. New studies must be done to assess the effectiveness of these agents in larynx preservation. The expression of ERCC1 as a predictive biomarker in head and neck cancers including hypopharynx for chemotherapy response to 5-FU/cisplatin for both organ preservation and survival has been identified [49]. Validation of the various biomarkers is required to select the ideal candidates that can benefit from various treatments.
6. Conclusion
T1, T2 N1-N2 tumors are treated with concurrent chemoradiation. T3 N0-N2 can be treated either with concurrent chemoradiation or induction chemotherapy followed by reassessment for radical radiation. Patients with T4a N0-N2 (cartilage destruction) disease are treated with surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy. The treatment for patients with T4b or N3 should be an individualized approach. The decreased treatment outcomes of hypopharyngeal cancers compared to laryngeal cancers are due to advanced stage at presentation disease, poor response to chemoradiation, and difficulty in salvage surgery. An ongoing trial is comparing the effectiveness between the two established organ preservation approaches. The definite role of surgery in organ preservation in locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancers requires further validation. There is no proven data for anti-EGFR or immune checkpoint inhibitors in the radical treatment of locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancers to date and trials are underway.
Conflict of interest
“The authors declare no conflict of interest.”
Notes/thanks/other declarations
Nil.
Appendices and nomenclature
Nil.
\n',keywords:"organ preservation, hypopharyngeal cancer, locally advanced, induction chemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiation",chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/77475.pdf",chapterXML:"https://mts.intechopen.com/source/xml/77475.xml",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/77475",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/77475",totalDownloads:167,totalViews:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,dateSubmitted:"May 26th 2021",dateReviewed:"June 15th 2021",datePrePublished:"July 8th 2021",datePublished:"September 8th 2021",dateFinished:"July 8th 2021",readingETA:"0",abstract:"Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively rare and has the worst prognosis of all head and neck cancers. Initially, surgery followed by postoperative radiation was the standard of care for locally advanced disease. In the recent years, various organ sparing approaches have evolved. There are mainly two schools of thought regarding larynx preservation in hypopharyngeal cancers which include either induction chemotherapy followed by response assessment for radical radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation. An ongoing trial is comparing the effectiveness between these two established approaches. The role of anti-EGFR therapy and immunotherapy is still being evaluated. Despite all the advancements in treatment, hypopharyngeal cancers are still associated with poor treatment outcomes.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/77475",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/77475",signatures:"Farida Nazeer, Rejnish Ravi Kumar, Malu Rafi, Lekha M. Nair, Kainickal Cessal Thommachan and Kunnambath Ramadas",book:{id:"10336",type:"book",title:"Pharynx",subtitle:"Diagnosis and Treatment",fullTitle:"Pharynx - Diagnosis and Treatment",slug:"pharynx-diagnosis-and-treatment",publishedDate:"September 8th 2021",bookSignature:"Xiaoying Zhou and Zhe Zhang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10336.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:"978-1-78985-609-5",printIsbn:"978-1-78985-264-6",pdfIsbn:"978-1-78985-610-1",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"327700",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaoying",middleName:null,surname:"Zhou",slug:"xiaoying-zhou",fullName:"Xiaoying Zhou"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"327496",title:"Dr.",name:"Kainickal Cessal",middleName:null,surname:"Thommachan",fullName:"Kainickal Cessal Thommachan",slug:"kainickal-cessal-thommachan",email:"drcessalthomas@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"356597",title:"Dr.",name:"Lekha Madhavan",middleName:null,surname:"Nair",fullName:"Lekha Madhavan Nair",slug:"lekha-madhavan-nair",email:"DNB-lekhamnair28@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"356598",title:"Dr.",name:"Rejnish Ravi",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar",fullName:"Rejnish Ravi Kumar",slug:"rejnish-ravi-kumar",email:"MD-rejnish@yahoo.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"356599",title:"Dr.",name:"Malu",middleName:null,surname:"Rafi",fullName:"Malu Rafi",slug:"malu-rafi",email:"DNB-malu.rafi17@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"356600",title:"Dr.",name:"Kunnambath",middleName:null,surname:"Ramadas",fullName:"Kunnambath Ramadas",slug:"kunnambath-ramadas",email:"PhD-ramdasrcc@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"356602",title:"Dr.",name:"Farida",middleName:null,surname:"Nazeer",fullName:"Farida Nazeer",slug:"farida-nazeer",email:"MD-faridanz@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null}],sections:[{id:"sec_1",title:"1. Introduction",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2",title:"2. Locally advanced carcinoma hypopharynx",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2_2",title:"2.1 Induction chemotherapy followed by radical radiotherapy",level:"2"},{id:"sec_3_2",title:"2.2 Concurrent chemotherapy",level:"2"},{id:"sec_4_2",title:"2.3 Induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation",level:"2"},{id:"sec_5_2",title:"2.4 Role of anti-EGFR therapy",level:"2"},{id:"sec_6_2",title:"2.5 Role of immunotherapy",level:"2"},{id:"sec_7_2",title:"2.6 Surgery",level:"2"},{id:"sec_9",title:"3. Hypopharyngeal cancers with cartilage destruction (T4a N0-N2 disease)",level:"1"},{id:"sec_10",title:"4. T4b or N3 disease",level:"1"},{id:"sec_11",title:"5. Future directions",level:"1"},{id:"sec_12",title:"6. Conclusion",level:"1"},{id:"sec_16",title:"Conflict of interest",level:"1"},{id:"sec_13",title:"Notes/thanks/other declarations",level:"1"},{id:"sec_14",title:"Appendices and nomenclature",level:"1"}],chapterReferences:[{id:"B1",body:'Chow LQM. Head and Neck Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(1):60-72.'},{id:"B2",body:'Newman JR, Connolly TM, Illing EA, Kilgore ML, Locher JL, Carroll WR. Survival trends in hypopharyngeal cancer: a population-based review. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(3):624-9.'},{id:"B3",body:'Hall SF, Groome PA, Irish J, O\'Sullivan B. The natural history of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Laryngoscope. 2008;118(8):1362-71.'},{id:"B4",body:'Lefebvre JL, Ang KK, Larynx Preservation Consensus P. Larynx preservation clinical trial design: key issues and recommendations-a consensus panel summary. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;73(5):1293-303.'},{id:"B5",body:'Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study G, Wolf GT, Fisher SG, Hong WK, Hillman R, Spaulding M, et al. Induction chemotherapy plus radiation compared with surgery plus radiation in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(24):1685-90.'},{id:"B6",body:'Bhattacharyya T, Kainickal CT. Current Status of Organ Preservation in Carcinoma Larynx. World J Oncol. 2018;9(2):39-45.'},{id:"B7",body:'Lefebvre JL, Chevalier D, Luboinski B, Kirkpatrick A, Collette L, Sahmoud T. larynx preservation in pyriform sinus cancer: preliminary results of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial. EORTC Head and Neck Cancer Cooperative Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88(13):890-9.'},{id:"B8",body:'Lefebvre JL, Andry G, Chevalier D, Luboinski B, Collette L, Traissac L, et al. Laryngeal preservation with induction chemotherapy for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: 10-year results of EORTC trial 24891. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(10):2708-14.'},{id:"B9",body:'Lefebvre JL, Rolland F, Tesselaar M, Bardet E, Leemans CR, Geoffrois L, et al. Phase 3 randomized trial on larynx preservation comparing sequential vs alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101(3):142-52.'},{id:"B10",body:'Henriques De Figueiredo B, Fortpied C, Menis J, Lefebvre JL, Barzan L, de Raucourt D, et al. Long-term update of the 24954 EORTC phase III trial on larynx preservation. Eur J Cancer. 2016;65:109-12.'},{id:"B11",body:'Vermorken JB, Remenar E, van Herpen C, Gorlia T, Mesia R, Degardin M, et al. Cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel in unresectable head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(17):1695-704.'},{id:"B12",body:'Lorch JH, Goloubeva O, Haddad RI, Cullen K, Sarlis N, Tishler R, et al. Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and fluorouracil alone or in combination with docetaxel in locally advanced squamous-cell cancer of the head and neck: long-term results of the TAX 324 randomized phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(2):153-9.'},{id:"B13",body:'Pointreau Y, Garaud P, Chapet S, Sire C, Tuchais C, Tortochaux J, et al. Randomized trial of induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil with or without docetaxel for larynx preservation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101(7):498-506.'},{id:"B14",body:'Janoray G, Pointreau Y, Garaud P, Chapet S, Alfonsi M, Sire C, et al. Long-term Results of a Multicenter Randomized Phase III Trial of Induction Chemotherapy With Cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, +/− Docetaxel for Larynx Preservation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108(4).'},{id:"B15",body:'Lacas B, Carmel A, Landais C, Wong SJ, Licitra L, Tobias JS, et al. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer (MACH-NC): An update on 107 randomized trials and 19,805 patients, on behalf of MACH-NC Group. Radiother Oncol. 2021;156:281-93.'},{id:"B16",body:'Pignon JP, Bourhis J, Domenge C, Designe L. Chemotherapy added to locoregional treatment for head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma: three meta-analyses of updated individual data. MACH-NC Collaborative Group. Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy on Head and Neck Cancer. Lancet. 2000;355(9208):949-55.'},{id:"B17",body:'Bourhis J, Amand C, Pignon J-P. Update of MACH-NC (Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy in Head & Neck Cancer) database focused on concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2004;22(14_suppl):5505-.'},{id:"B18",body:'Pignon JP, le Maitre A, Maillard E, Bourhis J, Group M-NC. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer (MACH-NC): an update on 93 randomized trials and 17,346 patients. Radiother Oncol. 2009;92(1):4-14.'},{id:"B19",body:'Blanchard P, Baujat B, Holostenco V, Bourredjem A, Baey C, Bourhis J, et al. Meta-analysis of chemotherapy in head and neck cancer (MACH-NC): a comprehensive analysis by tumour site. Radiother Oncol. 2011;100(1):33-40.'},{id:"B20",body:'Forastiere AA, Goepfert H, Maor M, Pajak TF, Weber R, Morrison W, et al. Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for organ preservation in advanced laryngeal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(22):2091-8.'},{id:"B21",body:'Forastiere AA, Maor M, Weber RS, Pajak T, Glisson B, Trotti A, et al. Long-term results of Intergroup RTOG 91-11: A phase III trial to preserve the larynx—Induction cisplatin/5-FU and radiation therapy versus concurrent cisplatin and radiation therapy versus radiation therapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006;24(18_suppl):5517-.'},{id:"B22",body:'Prades JM, Lallemant B, Garrel R, Reyt E, Righini C, Schmitt T, et al. Randomized phase III trial comparing induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy to concomitant chemoradiotherapy for laryngeal preservation in T3M0 pyriform sinus carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol. 2010;130(1):150-5.'},{id:"B23",body:'Argiris A, Lefebvre JL. Laryngeal Preservation Strategies in Locally Advanced Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancers. Front Oncol. 2019;9:419.'},{id:"B24",body:'Cohen EEW, Karrison T, Kocherginsky M, Huang CH, Agulnik M, Mittal BB, et al. DeCIDE: A phase III randomized trial of docetaxel (D), cisplatin (P), 5-fluorouracil (F) (TPF) induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with N2/N3 locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2012;30(15_suppl):5500-.'},{id:"B25",body:'Haddad R, O\'Neill A, Rabinowits G, Tishler R, Khuri F, Adkins D, et al. Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (sequential chemoradiotherapy) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locally advanced head and neck cancer (PARADIGM): a randomized phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(3):257-64.'},{id:"B26",body:'Hitt R, Grau JJ, Lopez-Pousa A, Berrocal A, Garcia-Giron C, Irigoyen A, et al. A randomized phase III trial comparing induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy alone as treatment of unresectable head and neck cancer. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(1):216-25.'},{id:"B27",body:'Budach W, Bolke E, Kammers K, Gerber PA, Orth K, Gripp S, et al. Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent radio-chemotherapy versus concurrent radio-chemotherapy alone as treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC): A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Radiother Oncol. 2016;118(2):238-43.'},{id:"B28",body:'Bonner JA, Harari PM, Giralt J, Azarnia N, Shin DM, Cohen RB, et al. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(6):567-78.'},{id:"B29",body:'Bonner JA, Harari PM, Giralt J, Cohen RB, Jones CU, Sur RK, et al. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: 5-year survival data from a phase 3 randomized trial, and relation between cetuximab-induced rash and survival. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(1):21-8.'},{id:"B30",body:'Ang KK, Zhang Q, Rosenthal DI, Nguyen-Tan PF, Sherman EJ, Weber RS, et al. Randomized phase III trial of concurrent accelerated radiation plus cisplatin with or without cetuximab for stage III to IV head and neck carcinoma: RTOG 0522. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(27):2940-50.'},{id:"B31",body:'Patil VM, Noronha V, Joshi A, Agarwal J, Ghosh-Laskar S, Budrukkar A, et al. A randomized phase 3 trial comparing nimotuzumab plus cisplatin chemoradiotherapy versus cisplatin chemoradiotherapy alone in locally advanced head and neck cancer. Cancer. 2019;125(18):3184-97.'},{id:"B32",body:'Evensen JF, Sand Hansen H, Overgaard M, Johansen J, Andersen LJ, Overgaard J. DAHANCA 9 - a randomized multicenter study to compare accelerated normo-fractionated radiotherapy with accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Acta Oncol. 2019;58(10):1502-5.'},{id:"B33",body:'Tao Y, Auperin A, Sire C, Martin L, Khoury C, Maingon P, et al. Improved Outcome by Adding Concurrent Chemotherapy to Cetuximab and Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Carcinomas: Results of the GORTEC 2007-01 Phase III Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018:JCO2017762518.'},{id:"B34",body:'Gebre-Medhin M, Brun E, Engstrom P, Haugen Cange H, Hammarstedt-Nordenvall L, Reizenstein J, et al. ARTSCAN III: A Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Chemoradiotherapy With Cisplatin Versus Cetuximab in Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(1):38-47.'},{id:"B35",body:'Mehanna H, Robinson M, Hartley A, Kong A, Foran B, Fulton-Lieuw T, et al. Radiotherapy plus cisplatin or cetuximab in low-risk human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (De-ESCALaTE HPV): an open-label randomized controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10166):51-60.'},{id:"B36",body:'Gillison ML, Trotti AM, Harris J, Eisbruch A, Harari PM, Adelstein DJ, et al. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab or cisplatin in human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (NRG Oncology RTOG 1016): a randomized, multicentre, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10166):40-50.'},{id:"B37",body:'Geoffrois L, Martin L, De Raucourt D, Sun XS, Tao Y, Maingon P, et al. Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Cetuximab Radiotherapy Is Not Superior to Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Carcinomas: Results of the GORTEC 2007-02 Phase III Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(31):3077-83.'},{id:"B38",body:'Yu Y, Lee NY. JAVELIN Head and Neck 100: a Phase III trial of avelumab and chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Future Oncol. 2019;15(7):687-94.'},{id:"B39",body:'Lefebvre JL. Surgery for Laryngopharyngeal SCC in the Era of Organ Preservation. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;2(4):159-63.'},{id:"B40",body:'Martin A, Jackel MC, Christiansen H, Mahmoodzada M, Kron M, Steiner W. Organ preserving transoral laser microsurgery for cancer of the hypopharynx. Laryngoscope. 2008;118(3):398-402.'},{id:"B41",body:'Durmus K, Kucur C, Uysal IO, Dziegielewski PT, Ozer E. Feasibility and clinical outcomes of transoral robotic surgery and transoral robot-assisted carbon dioxide laser for hypopharyngeal carcinoma. J Craniofac Surg. 2015;26(1):235-7.'},{id:"B42",body:'Park YM, Kim WS, Byeon HK, De Virgilio A, Jung JS, Kim SH. Feasiblity of transoral robotic hypopharyngectomy for early-stage hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2010;46(8):597-602.'},{id:"B43",body:'Dziegielewski PT, Kang SY, Ozer E. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. J Surg Oncol. 2015;112(7):702-6.'},{id:"B44",body:'Stoeckli SJ, Pawlik AB, Lipp M, Huber A, Schmid S. Salvage surgery after failure of nonsurgical therapy for carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126(12):1473-7.'},{id:"B45",body:'Research ICoM. Consensus Document for Management of Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancers: Prepared as an outcome of ICMR Subcommittee on Larynx & Hypopharynx Cancers: Indian Council of Medical Research; 2017 [Available from: https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/guidelines/Larynx%20and%20Hypopharynx%20Cancers_0.pdf.'},{id:"B46",body:'Garneau JC, Bakst RL, Miles BA. Hypopharyngeal cancer: A state of the art review. Oral Oncol. 2018;86:244-50.'},{id:"B47",body:'Chow LQM, Haddad R, Gupta S, Mahipal A, Mehra R, Tahara M, et al. Antitumor Activity of Pembrolizumab in Biomarker-Unselected Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Phase Ib KEYNOTE-012 Expansion Cohort. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(32):3838-45.'},{id:"B48",body:'Ferris RL, Blumenschein G, Jr., Fayette J, Guigay J, Colevas AD, Licitra L, et al. Nivolumab for Recurrent Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1856-67.'},{id:"B49",body:'Hasegawa Y, Goto M, Hanai N, Ozawa T, Hirakawa H. Predictive biomarkers for combined chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in oro- and hypopharyngeal cancers. Mol Clin Oncol. 2018;8(2):378-86.'}],footnotes:[],contributors:[{corresp:null,contributorFullName:"Farida Nazeer",address:null,affiliation:'
Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
'},{corresp:null,contributorFullName:"Rejnish Ravi Kumar",address:null,affiliation:'
Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
'}],corrections:null},book:{id:"10336",type:"book",title:"Pharynx",subtitle:"Diagnosis and Treatment",fullTitle:"Pharynx - Diagnosis and Treatment",slug:"pharynx-diagnosis-and-treatment",publishedDate:"September 8th 2021",bookSignature:"Xiaoying Zhou and Zhe Zhang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10336.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:"978-1-78985-609-5",printIsbn:"978-1-78985-264-6",pdfIsbn:"978-1-78985-610-1",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"327700",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaoying",middleName:null,surname:"Zhou",slug:"xiaoying-zhou",fullName:"Xiaoying Zhou"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},profile:{item:{id:"241049",title:"Dr.",name:"Jan",middleName:null,surname:"Amanullah",email:"dramanullahjan@yahoo.com",fullName:"Jan Amanullah",slug:"jan-amanullah",position:"Professor",biography:"After of completion of Ph.D. in 1994 at the University of Leeds I had the opportunity to work as Scientific Officer in Pakistan Research Council Islamabad (Pakistan). In 1996 I joined the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production at The University of Agriculture Peshawar and now am working as Professor of Agronomy. During my carrier I concentrated on the issues related to dryland production on sustainable basis. Two national research projects were executed with main focus on the impact of tillage, cropping pattern, nutrient and soil management under dryland farming. My three Ph.D. students have worked under the umbrella of dryland farming using green manuring, life saving irrigation having organic and inorganic soil amendments. I love to work and contribute in that particular area of research.",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241049/images/6677_n.png",totalCites:0,totalChapterViews:"0",outsideEditionCount:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",personalWebsiteURL:null,twitterURL:null,linkedinURL:null,institution:null},booksEdited:[],chaptersAuthored:[],collaborators:[]},generic:{page:{slug:"publication-agreement-chapters",title:"Publication Agreement - Book Chapter",intro:'
IntechOpen aims to ensure that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our Authors. To that end we maintain a flexible Copyright Policy guaranteeing that there is no transfer of copyright to the publisher and Authors retain exclusive copyright to their Work.
',metaTitle:"Publication Agreement - Chapters",metaDescription:"IN TECH aims to guarantee that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our authors. For that matter, we uphold a flexible copyright policy meaning that there is no transfer of copyright to the publisher and authors retain exclusive copyright to their work.\n\nWhen submitting a manuscript the Corresponding Author is required to accept the terms and conditions set forth in our Publication Agreement as follows:",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/publication-agreement-chapters",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"
The Corresponding Author (acting on behalf of all Authors) and INTECHOPEN LIMITED, incorporated and registered in England and Wales with company number 11086078 and a registered office at 5 Princes Gate Court, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2QJ conclude the following Agreement regarding the publication of a Book Chapter:
\\n\\n
1. DEFINITIONS
\\n\\n
Corresponding Author: The Author of the Chapter who serves as a Signatory to this Agreement. The Corresponding Author acts on behalf of any other Co-Author.
\\n\\n
Co-Author: All other Authors of the Chapter besides the Corresponding Author.
\\n\\n
IntechOpen: IntechOpen Ltd., the Publisher of the Book.
\\n\\n
Book: The publication as a collection of chapters compiled by IntechOpen including the Chapter. Chapter: The original literary work created by Corresponding Author and any Co-Author that is the subject of this Agreement.
\\n\\n
2. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S GRANT OF RIGHTS
\\n\\n
2.1 Subject to the following Article, the Corresponding Author grants and shall ensure that each Co-Author grants, to IntechOpen, during the full term of copyright and any extensions or renewals of that term the following:
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
An irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, transferable, sublicensable, non-exclusive right to publish, communicate to the public, reproduce, republish, transmit, sell, distribute and otherwise use and make available the Chapter in whole, partial or adapted from and/or incorporated in or in conjunction with other works, in electronic and print editions of the Publication and in derivative works and on any platform owned and/or operated by IntechOpen, throughout the world, in all languages, and in all media and formats now known or later developed.
\\n\\t
An irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, transferable, sublicensable, non-exclusive right to create and store electronic archival copies of the Chapter, including the right to deposit the Chapter in open access digital repositories.
\\n\\t
An irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, transferable, sublicensable, non-exclusive right to license others to reproduce, translate, republish, transmit and distribute the Chapter in whole, partial or adapted from and/or incorporated in or in conjunction with other works under the condition that the Corresponding Author and each Co-Author is attributed (currently this is carried out by publishing the Chapter under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License).
\\n
\\n\\n
The aforementioned licenses shall survive the expiry or termination of this Agreement for any reason.
\\n\\n
2.2 The Corresponding Author (on their own behalf and on behalf of any Co-Author) reserves the following rights to the Chapter but agrees not to exercise them in such a way as to adversely affect IntechOpen's ability to utilize the full benefit of this Publication Agreement: (i) reprographic rights worldwide, other than those which subsist in the typographical arrangement of the Chapter as published by IntechOpen; and (ii) public lending rights arising under the Public Lending Right Act 1979, as amended from time to time, and any similar rights arising in any part of the world.
\\n\\n
The Corresponding Author confirms that they (and any Co-Author) are and will remain a member of any applicable licensing and collecting society and any successor to that body responsible for administering royalties for the reprographic reproduction of copyright works.
\\n\\n
Subject to the license granted above, copyright in the Chapter and all versions of it created during IntechOpen's editing process (including the published version) is retained by the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author.
\\n\\n
Subject to the license granted above, the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author retains patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights to the Chapter.
\\n\\n
2.3 All rights granted to IntechOpen in this Article are assignable, sublicensable or otherwise transferrable to third parties without the Corresponding Author's or any Co-Author’s specific approval.
\\n\\n
2.4 The Corresponding Author (on their own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author) will not assert any rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to object to derogatory treatment of the Chapter as a consequence of IntechOpen's changes to the Chapter arising from translation of it, corrections and edits for house style, removal of problematic material and other reasonable edits.
\\n\\n
3. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S DUTIES
\\n\\n
3.1 When distributing or re-publishing the Chapter, the Corresponding Author agrees to credit the Book in which the Chapter has been published as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen. The Corresponding Author warrants that each Co-Author will also credit the Book in which the Chapter has been published as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen, when they are distributing or re-publishing the Chapter.
\\n\\n
3.2 When submitting the Chapter, the Corresponding Author agrees to:
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Comply with all instructions and guidelines provided by IntechOpen;
\\n\\t
Produce the Chapter with all due skill, care and diligence, and in accordance with good scientific practice;
\\n\\t
Submit all the corrections in due time as defined during the publishing process schedule.
\\n
\\n\\n
The Corresponding Author will be held responsible for the payment of the Open Access Publishing Fees.
\\n\\n
All payments shall be due 30 days from the date of the issued invoice. The Corresponding Author or the payer on the Corresponding Author's and Co-Authors' behalf will bear all banking and similar charges incurred.
\\n\\n
3.3 The Corresponding Author shall obtain in writing all consents necessary for the reproduction of any material in which a third-party right exists, including quotations, photographs and illustrations, in all editions of the Chapter worldwide for the full term of the above licenses, and shall provide to IntechOpen upon request the original copies of such consents for inspection (at IntechOpen's option) or photocopies of such consents.
\\n\\n
The Corresponding Author shall obtain written informed consent for publication from people who might recognize themselves or be identified by others (e.g. from case reports or photographs).
\\n\\n
3.4 The Corresponding Author and any Co-Author shall respect confidentiality rights during and after the termination of this Agreement. The information contained in all correspondence and documents as part of the publishing activity between IntechOpen and the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author are confidential and are intended only for the recipient. The contents may not be disclosed publicly and are not intended for unauthorized use or distribution. Any use, disclosure, copying, or distribution is prohibited and may be unlawful.
\\n\\n
4. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S WARRANTY
\\n\\n
4.1 The Corresponding Author represents and warrants that the Chapter does not and will not breach any applicable law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Chapter contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes any literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy. The Corresponding Author warrants and represents that: (i) the Chapter is the original work of themselves and any Co-Author and is not copied wholly or substantially from any other work or material or any other source; (ii) the Chapter has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal or in a book or edited collection, and is not under consideration for any such publication; (iii) they themselves and any Co-Author are qualifying persons under section 154 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; (iv) they themselves and any Co-Author have not assigned and will not during the term of this Publication Agreement purport to assign any of the rights granted to IntechOpen under this Publication Agreement; and (v) the rights granted by this Publication Agreement are free from any security interest, option, mortgage, charge or lien.
\\n\\n
The Corresponding Author also warrants and represents that: (i) they have the full power to enter into this Publication Agreement on their own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author; and (ii) they have the necessary rights and/or title in and to the Chapter to grant IntechOpen, on behalf of themselves and any Co-Author, the rights and licenses expressed to be granted in this Publication Agreement. If the Chapter was prepared jointly by the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author, the Corresponding Author warrants and represents that: (i) each Co-Author agrees to the submission, license and publication of the Chapter on the terms of this Publication Agreement; and (ii) they have the authority to enter into this Publication Agreement on behalf of and bind each Co-Author. The Corresponding Author shall: (i) ensure each Co-Author complies with all relevant provisions of this Publication Agreement, including those relating to confidentiality, performance and standards, as if a party to this Publication Agreement; and (ii) remain primarily liable for all acts and/or omissions of each such Co-Author.
\\n\\n
The Corresponding Author agrees to indemnify and hold IntechOpen harmless against all liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and losses and all reasonable legal costs and expenses suffered or incurred by IntechOpen arising out of or in connection with any breach of the aforementioned representations and warranties. This indemnity shall not cover IntechOpen to the extent that a claim under it results from IntechOpen's negligence or willful misconduct.
\\n\\n
4.2 Nothing in this Publication Agreement shall have the effect of excluding or limiting any liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence or any other liability that cannot be excluded or limited by applicable law.
\\n\\n
5. TERMINATION
\\n\\n
5.1 IntechOpen has a right to terminate this Publication Agreement for quality, program, technical or other reasons with immediate effect, including without limitation (i) if the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author commits a material breach of this Publication Agreement; (ii) if the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author (being an individual) is the subject of a bankruptcy petition, application or order; or (iii) if the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author (being a company) commences negotiations with all or any class of its creditors with a view to rescheduling any of its debts, or makes a proposal for or enters into any compromise or arrangement with any of its creditors.
\\n\\n
In case of termination, IntechOpen will notify the Corresponding Author, in writing, of the decision.
\\n\\n
6. INTECHOPEN’S DUTIES AND RIGHTS
\\n\\n
6.1 Unless prevented from doing so by events outside its reasonable control, IntechOpen, in its discretion, agrees to publish the Chapter attributing it to the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author.
\\n\\n
6.2 IntechOpen has the right to use the Corresponding Author’s and any Co-Author’s names and likeness in connection with scientific dissemination, retrieval, archiving, web hosting and promotion and marketing of the Chapter and has the right to contact the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author until the Chapter is publicly available on any platform owned and/or operated by IntechOpen.
\\n\\n
6.3 IntechOpen is granted the authority to enforce the rights from this Publication Agreement, on behalf of the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author, against third parties (for example in cases of plagiarism or copyright infringements). In respect of any such infringement or suspected infringement of the copyright in the Chapter, IntechOpen shall have absolute discretion in addressing any such infringement which is likely to affect IntechOpen's rights under this Publication Agreement, including issuing and conducting proceedings against the suspected infringer.
\\n\\n
7. MISCELLANEOUS
\\n\\n
7.1 Further Assurance: The Corresponding Author shall and will ensure that any relevant third party (including any Co-Author) shall, execute and deliver whatever further documents or deeds and perform such acts as IntechOpen reasonably requires from time to time for the purpose of giving IntechOpen the full benefit of the provisions of this Publication Agreement.
\\n\\n
7.2 Third Party Rights: A person who is not a party to this Publication Agreement may not enforce any of its provisions under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
\\n\\n
7.3 Entire Agreement: This Publication Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties in relation to its subject matter. It replaces and extinguishes all prior agreements, draft agreements, arrangements, collateral warranties, collateral contracts, statements, assurances, representations and undertakings of any nature made by or on behalf of the parties, whether oral or written, in relation to that subject matter. Each party acknowledges that in entering into this Publication Agreement it has not relied upon any oral or written statements, collateral or other warranties, assurances, representations or undertakings which were made by or on behalf of the other party in relation to the subject matter of this Publication Agreement at any time before its signature (together "Pre-Contractual Statements"), other than those which are set out in this Publication Agreement. Each party hereby waives all rights and remedies which might otherwise be available to it in relation to such Pre-Contractual Statements. Nothing in this clause shall exclude or restrict the liability of either party arising out of its pre-contract fraudulent misrepresentation or fraudulent concealment.
\\n\\n
7.4 Waiver: No failure or delay by a party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this Publication Agreement or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
\\n\\n
7.5 Variation: No variation of this Publication Agreement shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the parties (or their duly authorized representatives).
\\n\\n
7.6 Severance: If any provision or part-provision of this Publication Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted.
\\n\\n
Any modification to or deletion of a provision or part-provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of this Publication Agreement.
\\n\\n
7.7 No partnership: Nothing in this Publication Agreement is intended to, or shall be deemed to, establish or create any partnership or joint venture or the relationship of principal and agent or employer and employee between IntechOpen and the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author, nor authorize any party to make or enter into any commitments for or on behalf of any other party.
\\n\\n
7.8 Governing law: This Publication Agreement and any dispute or claim (including non-contractual disputes or claims) arising out of or in connection with it or its subject matter or formation shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of England and Wales. The parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts to settle any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this Publication Agreement (including any non-contractual disputes or claims).
The Corresponding Author (acting on behalf of all Authors) and INTECHOPEN LIMITED, incorporated and registered in England and Wales with company number 11086078 and a registered office at 5 Princes Gate Court, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2QJ conclude the following Agreement regarding the publication of a Book Chapter:
\n\n
1. DEFINITIONS
\n\n
Corresponding Author: The Author of the Chapter who serves as a Signatory to this Agreement. The Corresponding Author acts on behalf of any other Co-Author.
\n\n
Co-Author: All other Authors of the Chapter besides the Corresponding Author.
\n\n
IntechOpen: IntechOpen Ltd., the Publisher of the Book.
\n\n
Book: The publication as a collection of chapters compiled by IntechOpen including the Chapter. Chapter: The original literary work created by Corresponding Author and any Co-Author that is the subject of this Agreement.
\n\n
2. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S GRANT OF RIGHTS
\n\n
2.1 Subject to the following Article, the Corresponding Author grants and shall ensure that each Co-Author grants, to IntechOpen, during the full term of copyright and any extensions or renewals of that term the following:
\n\n
\n\t
An irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, transferable, sublicensable, non-exclusive right to publish, communicate to the public, reproduce, republish, transmit, sell, distribute and otherwise use and make available the Chapter in whole, partial or adapted from and/or incorporated in or in conjunction with other works, in electronic and print editions of the Publication and in derivative works and on any platform owned and/or operated by IntechOpen, throughout the world, in all languages, and in all media and formats now known or later developed.
\n\t
An irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, transferable, sublicensable, non-exclusive right to create and store electronic archival copies of the Chapter, including the right to deposit the Chapter in open access digital repositories.
\n\t
An irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, transferable, sublicensable, non-exclusive right to license others to reproduce, translate, republish, transmit and distribute the Chapter in whole, partial or adapted from and/or incorporated in or in conjunction with other works under the condition that the Corresponding Author and each Co-Author is attributed (currently this is carried out by publishing the Chapter under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License).
\n
\n\n
The aforementioned licenses shall survive the expiry or termination of this Agreement for any reason.
\n\n
2.2 The Corresponding Author (on their own behalf and on behalf of any Co-Author) reserves the following rights to the Chapter but agrees not to exercise them in such a way as to adversely affect IntechOpen's ability to utilize the full benefit of this Publication Agreement: (i) reprographic rights worldwide, other than those which subsist in the typographical arrangement of the Chapter as published by IntechOpen; and (ii) public lending rights arising under the Public Lending Right Act 1979, as amended from time to time, and any similar rights arising in any part of the world.
\n\n
The Corresponding Author confirms that they (and any Co-Author) are and will remain a member of any applicable licensing and collecting society and any successor to that body responsible for administering royalties for the reprographic reproduction of copyright works.
\n\n
Subject to the license granted above, copyright in the Chapter and all versions of it created during IntechOpen's editing process (including the published version) is retained by the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author.
\n\n
Subject to the license granted above, the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author retains patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights to the Chapter.
\n\n
2.3 All rights granted to IntechOpen in this Article are assignable, sublicensable or otherwise transferrable to third parties without the Corresponding Author's or any Co-Author’s specific approval.
\n\n
2.4 The Corresponding Author (on their own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author) will not assert any rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to object to derogatory treatment of the Chapter as a consequence of IntechOpen's changes to the Chapter arising from translation of it, corrections and edits for house style, removal of problematic material and other reasonable edits.
\n\n
3. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S DUTIES
\n\n
3.1 When distributing or re-publishing the Chapter, the Corresponding Author agrees to credit the Book in which the Chapter has been published as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen. The Corresponding Author warrants that each Co-Author will also credit the Book in which the Chapter has been published as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen, when they are distributing or re-publishing the Chapter.
\n\n
3.2 When submitting the Chapter, the Corresponding Author agrees to:
\n\n
\n\t
Comply with all instructions and guidelines provided by IntechOpen;
\n\t
Produce the Chapter with all due skill, care and diligence, and in accordance with good scientific practice;
\n\t
Submit all the corrections in due time as defined during the publishing process schedule.
\n
\n\n
The Corresponding Author will be held responsible for the payment of the Open Access Publishing Fees.
\n\n
All payments shall be due 30 days from the date of the issued invoice. The Corresponding Author or the payer on the Corresponding Author's and Co-Authors' behalf will bear all banking and similar charges incurred.
\n\n
3.3 The Corresponding Author shall obtain in writing all consents necessary for the reproduction of any material in which a third-party right exists, including quotations, photographs and illustrations, in all editions of the Chapter worldwide for the full term of the above licenses, and shall provide to IntechOpen upon request the original copies of such consents for inspection (at IntechOpen's option) or photocopies of such consents.
\n\n
The Corresponding Author shall obtain written informed consent for publication from people who might recognize themselves or be identified by others (e.g. from case reports or photographs).
\n\n
3.4 The Corresponding Author and any Co-Author shall respect confidentiality rights during and after the termination of this Agreement. The information contained in all correspondence and documents as part of the publishing activity between IntechOpen and the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author are confidential and are intended only for the recipient. The contents may not be disclosed publicly and are not intended for unauthorized use or distribution. Any use, disclosure, copying, or distribution is prohibited and may be unlawful.
\n\n
4. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S WARRANTY
\n\n
4.1 The Corresponding Author represents and warrants that the Chapter does not and will not breach any applicable law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Chapter contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes any literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy. The Corresponding Author warrants and represents that: (i) the Chapter is the original work of themselves and any Co-Author and is not copied wholly or substantially from any other work or material or any other source; (ii) the Chapter has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal or in a book or edited collection, and is not under consideration for any such publication; (iii) they themselves and any Co-Author are qualifying persons under section 154 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; (iv) they themselves and any Co-Author have not assigned and will not during the term of this Publication Agreement purport to assign any of the rights granted to IntechOpen under this Publication Agreement; and (v) the rights granted by this Publication Agreement are free from any security interest, option, mortgage, charge or lien.
\n\n
The Corresponding Author also warrants and represents that: (i) they have the full power to enter into this Publication Agreement on their own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author; and (ii) they have the necessary rights and/or title in and to the Chapter to grant IntechOpen, on behalf of themselves and any Co-Author, the rights and licenses expressed to be granted in this Publication Agreement. If the Chapter was prepared jointly by the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author, the Corresponding Author warrants and represents that: (i) each Co-Author agrees to the submission, license and publication of the Chapter on the terms of this Publication Agreement; and (ii) they have the authority to enter into this Publication Agreement on behalf of and bind each Co-Author. The Corresponding Author shall: (i) ensure each Co-Author complies with all relevant provisions of this Publication Agreement, including those relating to confidentiality, performance and standards, as if a party to this Publication Agreement; and (ii) remain primarily liable for all acts and/or omissions of each such Co-Author.
\n\n
The Corresponding Author agrees to indemnify and hold IntechOpen harmless against all liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and losses and all reasonable legal costs and expenses suffered or incurred by IntechOpen arising out of or in connection with any breach of the aforementioned representations and warranties. This indemnity shall not cover IntechOpen to the extent that a claim under it results from IntechOpen's negligence or willful misconduct.
\n\n
4.2 Nothing in this Publication Agreement shall have the effect of excluding or limiting any liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence or any other liability that cannot be excluded or limited by applicable law.
\n\n
5. TERMINATION
\n\n
5.1 IntechOpen has a right to terminate this Publication Agreement for quality, program, technical or other reasons with immediate effect, including without limitation (i) if the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author commits a material breach of this Publication Agreement; (ii) if the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author (being an individual) is the subject of a bankruptcy petition, application or order; or (iii) if the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author (being a company) commences negotiations with all or any class of its creditors with a view to rescheduling any of its debts, or makes a proposal for or enters into any compromise or arrangement with any of its creditors.
\n\n
In case of termination, IntechOpen will notify the Corresponding Author, in writing, of the decision.
\n\n
6. INTECHOPEN’S DUTIES AND RIGHTS
\n\n
6.1 Unless prevented from doing so by events outside its reasonable control, IntechOpen, in its discretion, agrees to publish the Chapter attributing it to the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author.
\n\n
6.2 IntechOpen has the right to use the Corresponding Author’s and any Co-Author’s names and likeness in connection with scientific dissemination, retrieval, archiving, web hosting and promotion and marketing of the Chapter and has the right to contact the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author until the Chapter is publicly available on any platform owned and/or operated by IntechOpen.
\n\n
6.3 IntechOpen is granted the authority to enforce the rights from this Publication Agreement, on behalf of the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author, against third parties (for example in cases of plagiarism or copyright infringements). In respect of any such infringement or suspected infringement of the copyright in the Chapter, IntechOpen shall have absolute discretion in addressing any such infringement which is likely to affect IntechOpen's rights under this Publication Agreement, including issuing and conducting proceedings against the suspected infringer.
\n\n
7. MISCELLANEOUS
\n\n
7.1 Further Assurance: The Corresponding Author shall and will ensure that any relevant third party (including any Co-Author) shall, execute and deliver whatever further documents or deeds and perform such acts as IntechOpen reasonably requires from time to time for the purpose of giving IntechOpen the full benefit of the provisions of this Publication Agreement.
\n\n
7.2 Third Party Rights: A person who is not a party to this Publication Agreement may not enforce any of its provisions under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
\n\n
7.3 Entire Agreement: This Publication Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties in relation to its subject matter. It replaces and extinguishes all prior agreements, draft agreements, arrangements, collateral warranties, collateral contracts, statements, assurances, representations and undertakings of any nature made by or on behalf of the parties, whether oral or written, in relation to that subject matter. Each party acknowledges that in entering into this Publication Agreement it has not relied upon any oral or written statements, collateral or other warranties, assurances, representations or undertakings which were made by or on behalf of the other party in relation to the subject matter of this Publication Agreement at any time before its signature (together "Pre-Contractual Statements"), other than those which are set out in this Publication Agreement. Each party hereby waives all rights and remedies which might otherwise be available to it in relation to such Pre-Contractual Statements. Nothing in this clause shall exclude or restrict the liability of either party arising out of its pre-contract fraudulent misrepresentation or fraudulent concealment.
\n\n
7.4 Waiver: No failure or delay by a party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this Publication Agreement or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
\n\n
7.5 Variation: No variation of this Publication Agreement shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the parties (or their duly authorized representatives).
\n\n
7.6 Severance: If any provision or part-provision of this Publication Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted.
\n\n
Any modification to or deletion of a provision or part-provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of this Publication Agreement.
\n\n
7.7 No partnership: Nothing in this Publication Agreement is intended to, or shall be deemed to, establish or create any partnership or joint venture or the relationship of principal and agent or employer and employee between IntechOpen and the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author, nor authorize any party to make or enter into any commitments for or on behalf of any other party.
\n\n
7.8 Governing law: This Publication Agreement and any dispute or claim (including non-contractual disputes or claims) arising out of or in connection with it or its subject matter or formation shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of England and Wales. The parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts to settle any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this Publication Agreement (including any non-contractual disputes or claims).
\n\n
Last updated: 2020-11-27
\n\n
\n\n
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rheinmetall (Germany)",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:13388},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:11658},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:4168},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:22334},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:2019},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:33638}],offset:12,limit:12,total:135272},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{},books:[{type:"book",id:"9985",title:"Geostatistics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"423cb3896195a618c4acb493ce4fd23d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Jeffrey M. Yarus, Dr. Marko Maucec, Dr. Timothy C. Coburn and Associate Prof. Michael Pyrcz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9985.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"78011",title:"Prof.",name:"Jeffrey M.",surname:"Yarus",slug:"jeffrey-m.-yarus",fullName:"Jeffrey M. Yarus"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10845",title:"Marine Ecosystems - Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Human Impacts",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"727e7eb3d4ba529ec5eb4f150e078523",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ana M.M. Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10845.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"320124",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana M.M.",surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"ana-m.m.-goncalves",fullName:"Ana M.M. Gonçalves"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11027",title:"Basics of Hypoglycemia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"98ebc1e36d02be82c204b8fd5d24f97a",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Alok Raghav",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11027.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"334465",title:"Dr.",name:"Alok",surname:"Raghav",slug:"alok-raghav",fullName:"Alok Raghav"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11124",title:"Next-Generation Textiles",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"093f9e26bb829b8d414d13626aea1086",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Hassan Ibrahim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11124.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"90645",title:"Dr.",name:"Hassan",surname:"Ibrahim",slug:"hassan-ibrahim",fullName:"Hassan Ibrahim"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11369",title:"RNA Viruses Infection",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"52f8a3a1486912beae40b34ac557fed3",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Yogendra Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11369.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"278914",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Yogendra",surname:"Shah",slug:"yogendra-shah",fullName:"Yogendra Shah"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11433",title:"Human Migration in the Last Three Centuries",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9836df9e82aa9f82e3852a60204909a8",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ingrid Muenstermann",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11433.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"77112",title:"Dr.",name:"Ingrid",surname:"Muenstermann",slug:"ingrid-muenstermann",fullName:"Ingrid Muenstermann"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11437",title:"Social Media - Risks and Opportunities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"000e31f2e2f7295805e9a3864158ad63",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Shafizan Mohamed and Dr. Shazleen Mohamed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11437.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"302450",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Shafizan",surname:"Mohamed",slug:"shafizan-mohamed",fullName:"Shafizan Mohamed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11438",title:"Fake News in the Era of Global Crises",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5f61f975031e13ee705d8b5853f1aa58",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. David Eller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11438.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"476616",title:"Dr.",name:"Jack",surname:"Eller",slug:"jack-eller",fullName:"Jack Eller"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11443",title:"Empathy - Advanced Research and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4c1042dfe15aa9cea6019524c4cbff38",slug:null,bookSignature:"Ph.D. Sara Ventura",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11443.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"227763",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",surname:"Ventura",slug:"sara-ventura",fullName:"Sara Ventura"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11447",title:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances and Current Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f68e3c3430a74fc7a7eb97f6ea2bb42e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11447.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11452",title:"Cryopreservation - Applications and Challenges",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a6c3fd4384ff7deeab32fc82722c60e0",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Marian Quain",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11452.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"300385",title:"Dr.",name:"Marian",surname:"Quain",slug:"marian-quain",fullName:"Marian Quain"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11453",title:"Biomimetics - Bridging the Gap",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"173e62fa4d7bf5508cec3bdd8e3cb32d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Ziyad S. Haidar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11453.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"222709",title:"Prof.",name:"Ziyad S.",surname:"Haidar",slug:"ziyad-s.-haidar",fullName:"Ziyad S. Haidar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:28},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:45},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:74},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:513},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11263",title:"Supply Chain",subtitle:"Recent Advances and New Perspectives in the Industry 4.0 Era",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"aab634c9c1f9a692c1e9881d18e9c9b7",slug:"supply-chain-recent-advances-and-new-perspectives-in-the-industry-4-0-era",bookSignature:"Tamás Bányai, Ágota Bányai and Ireneusz Kaczmar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11263.jpg",editors:[{id:"201248",title:"Dr.",name:"Tamás",middleName:null,surname:"Bányai",slug:"tamas-banyai",fullName:"Tamás Bányai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10669",title:"Corrosion",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Protection Mechanisms",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4a76d54f8a40fc2e7002a8d13fd617c1",slug:"corrosion-fundamentals-and-protection-mechanisms",bookSignature:"Fahmina Zafar, Anujit Ghosal and Eram Sharmin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10669.jpg",editors:[{id:"89672",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahmina",middleName:null,surname:"Zafar",slug:"fahmina-zafar",fullName:"Fahmina Zafar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4805},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7107,editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1955,editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1452,editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2289,editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11263",title:"Supply Chain",subtitle:"Recent Advances and New Perspectives in the Industry 4.0 Era",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"aab634c9c1f9a692c1e9881d18e9c9b7",slug:"supply-chain-recent-advances-and-new-perspectives-in-the-industry-4-0-era",bookSignature:"Tamás Bányai, Ágota Bányai and Ireneusz Kaczmar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11263.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:888,editors:[{id:"201248",title:"Dr.",name:"Tamás",middleName:null,surname:"Bányai",slug:"tamas-banyai",fullName:"Tamás Bányai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1566,editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2054,editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10669",title:"Corrosion",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Protection Mechanisms",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4a76d54f8a40fc2e7002a8d13fd617c1",slug:"corrosion-fundamentals-and-protection-mechanisms",bookSignature:"Fahmina Zafar, Anujit Ghosal and Eram Sharmin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10669.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:780,editors:[{id:"89672",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahmina",middleName:null,surname:"Zafar",slug:"fahmina-zafar",fullName:"Fahmina Zafar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",publishedDate:"April 26th 2011",numberOfDownloads:318480,editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",publishedDate:"September 26th 2012",numberOfDownloads:271760,editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11328",title:"Botulinum Toxin",subtitle:"Recent Topics and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7dd05a316001cef143e209eda51387a7",slug:"botulinum-toxin-recent-topics-and-applications",bookSignature:"Suna Sabuncuoglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11328.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"270856",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Suna",middleName:null,surname:"Sabuncuoglu",slug:"suna-sabuncuoglu",fullName:"Suna Sabuncuoglu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11085",title:"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",subtitle:"Functional Investigation and Clinical Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3066dd3ff29e1fac072fd60b08d4d3e7",slug:"polycystic-ovary-syndrome-functional-investigation-and-clinical-application",bookSignature:"Zhengchao Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11085.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"204883",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhengchao",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"zhengchao-wang",fullName:"Zhengchao Wang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10833",title:"Tumor Angiogenesis and Modulators",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f29b575c46128b2da061ef7f9bd1070b",slug:"tumor-angiogenesis-and-modulators",bookSignature:"Ke Xu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10833.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"59529",title:"Dr.",name:"Ke",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",slug:"ke-xu",fullName:"Ke Xu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11356",title:"Molecular Cloning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"671c629dd86e97f0fb467b9e70e92296",slug:"molecular-cloning",bookSignature:"Sadık Dincer, Hatice Aysun Mercimek Takcı and Melis Sumengen Ozdenef",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"188141",title:"Prof.",name:"Sadik",middleName:null,surname:"Dincer",slug:"sadik-dincer",fullName:"Sadik Dincer"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10669",title:"Corrosion",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Protection Mechanisms",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4a76d54f8a40fc2e7002a8d13fd617c1",slug:"corrosion-fundamentals-and-protection-mechanisms",bookSignature:"Fahmina Zafar, Anujit Ghosal and Eram Sharmin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10669.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"89672",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahmina",middleName:null,surname:"Zafar",slug:"fahmina-zafar",fullName:"Fahmina Zafar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10677",title:"Advanced Topics of Topology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bf964c52f9e653fac20a7fcab58070e5",slug:"advanced-topics-of-topology",bookSignature:"Francisco Bulnes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10677.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"92918",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Bulnes",slug:"francisco-bulnes",fullName:"Francisco Bulnes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11195",title:"Recent Advances in Biometrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2d32e33e0f499cb5241734bb75dd2a83",slug:"recent-advances-in-biometrics",bookSignature:"Muhammad Sarfraz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11195.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"133",title:"Environmental Pollution",slug:"environmental-pollution",parent:{id:"12",title:"Environmental Sciences",slug:"environmental-sciences"},numberOfBooks:18,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:652,numberOfWosCitations:560,numberOfCrossrefCitations:398,numberOfDimensionsCitations:911,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"133",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"11120",title:"Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e77514288e7394f1e6cd13481af3509",slug:"environmental-impact-and-remediation-of-heavy-metals",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh and Amal I. Hassan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11120.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10843",title:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)",subtitle:"Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f5b1589f0a990b6114fef2dadc735dd9",slug:"persistent-organic-pollutants-pops-monitoring-impact-and-treatment",bookSignature:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10843.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",middleName:null,surname:"Rashed",slug:"mohamed-nageeb-rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9653",title:"Light Pollution, Urbanization and Ecology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b1e5d120ec03412f5e22b7cd0d7c69f8",slug:"light-pollution-urbanization-and-ecology",bookSignature:"Levente Hufnagel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9653.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"10864",title:"Dr.",name:"Levente",middleName:null,surname:"Hufnagel",slug:"levente-hufnagel",fullName:"Levente Hufnagel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10178",title:"Environmental Emissions",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"febf21ec717bfe20ae25a9dab9b5d438",slug:"environmental-emissions",bookSignature:"Richard Viskup",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10178.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"103742",title:"Dr.",name:"Richard",middleName:null,surname:"Viskup",slug:"richard-viskup",fullName:"Richard Viskup"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8863",title:"Hydrocarbon Pollution and its Effect on the Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"25243b6684e6a441a6bf1f854d49f9e8",slug:"hydrocarbon-pollution-and-its-effect-on-the-environment",bookSignature:"Muharrem Ince and Olcay Kaplan Ince",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8863.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"258431",title:"Prof.",name:"Muharrem",middleName:null,surname:"Ince",slug:"muharrem-ince",fullName:"Muharrem Ince"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7547",title:"Monitoring of Marine Pollution",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4700c71016d4ab73a99b22cee68da2fe",slug:"monitoring-of-marine-pollution",bookSignature:"Houma Bachari Fouzia",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7547.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"95997",title:"Dr.",name:"Houma",middleName:null,surname:"Bachari Fouzia",slug:"houma-bachari-fouzia",fullName:"Houma Bachari Fouzia"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6975",title:"Air Pollution",subtitle:"Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ba35a5093e6aa0bf13500c37a23976f6",slug:"air-pollution-monitoring-quantification-and-removal-of-gases-and-particles",bookSignature:"Jorge Del Real Olvera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6975.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"166103",title:"Dr.",name:"Jorge",middleName:null,surname:"Del Real Olvera",slug:"jorge-del-real-olvera",fullName:"Jorge Del Real Olvera"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7224",title:"Persistent Organic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"06c3095a17bf790c56c71013cc5e3ad6",slug:"persistent-organic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Stephen Kudom Donyinah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7224.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"26196",title:"Dr.",name:"Stephen Kudom",middleName:null,surname:"Donyinah",slug:"stephen-kudom-donyinah",fullName:"Stephen Kudom Donyinah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8874",title:"Emergency Operation Technologies for Sudden Water Pollution Accidents in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cd61e407dc2dc5a74ffe354b294f71a8",slug:"emergency-operation-technologies-for-sudden-water-pollution-accidents-in-the-middle-route-of-south-to-north-water-diversion-project",bookSignature:"Xiaohui Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8874.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"282118",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaohui",middleName:null,surname:"Lei",slug:"xiaohui-lei",fullName:"Xiaohui Lei"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"4",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}},{type:"book",id:"6644",title:"Emerging Pollutants",subtitle:"Some Strategies for the Quality Preservation of Our Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e03aeca8b09510ef11fcf3621a2a996",slug:"emerging-pollutants-some-strategies-for-the-quality-preservation-of-our-environment",bookSignature:"Sonia Soloneski and Marcelo L. Larramendy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6644.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"14863",title:"Dr.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Soloneski",slug:"sonia-soloneski",fullName:"Sonia Soloneski"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5356",title:"Air Quality",subtitle:"Measurement and Modeling",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4a7d0d06a1f8d925fcfa9d8b79858729",slug:"air-quality-measurement-and-modeling",bookSignature:"Philip Sallis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"10893",title:"Prof.",name:"Philip John",middleName:null,surname:"Sallis",slug:"philip-john-sallis",fullName:"Philip John Sallis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4572",title:"Current Air Quality Issues",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"86ac538cdf00ceeb823842ebdef2997c",slug:"current-air-quality-issues",bookSignature:"Farhad Nejadkoorki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4572.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"71481",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Farhad",middleName:null,surname:"Nejadkoorki",slug:"farhad-nejadkoorki",fullName:"Farhad Nejadkoorki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:18,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"64674",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.81869",title:"Nitrogen and Phosphorus Eutrophication in Marine Ecosystems",slug:"nitrogen-and-phosphorus-eutrophication-in-marine-ecosystems",totalDownloads:2642,totalCrossrefCites:20,totalDimensionsCites:45,abstract:"Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) eutrophication in marine ecosystems is a global problem. Marine eutrophication has a negative impact on food security, ecosystem health and economy through disruptions in tourism, fisheries and health industries. Both N and P have known point and non-point sources. Control of point sources has been easier than non-point sources particularly agricultural sources for both N and P as well as fossil fuel combustion for N, which remains a major challenge. Implementing mitigation strategies for N has been reported to be effective for P mitigation; however, the converse is not true due to mobility and volatility of N. Excessive N and P cause algae blooms, anoxic conditions, and ocean acidification with these conditions leading to dead zones, fish kill, toxin production, altered plant species diversity, food web disruption, tourism disruption and health issues. Management of N and P pollution includes reduction of leaching from farms through crop selection, timely and precise application of fertilizer and building artificial wetlands, proper management of animal waste, reduction of fossil fuel N emission, mitigating N and P from urban sources and restoration of aquatic ecosystem. Mitigation measures need to focus on dual nutrient strategy for successful N and P reduction.",book:{id:"7547",slug:"monitoring-of-marine-pollution",title:"Monitoring of Marine Pollution",fullTitle:"Monitoring of Marine Pollution"},signatures:"Lucy Ngatia, Johnny M. Grace III, Daniel Moriasi and Robert Taylor",authors:[{id:"246475",title:"Dr.",name:"Lucy",middleName:null,surname:"Ngatia",slug:"lucy-ngatia",fullName:"Lucy Ngatia"},{id:"256676",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Taylor",slug:"robert-taylor",fullName:"Robert Taylor"},{id:"266289",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Moriasi",slug:"daniel-moriasi",fullName:"Daniel Moriasi"},{id:"269661",title:"Dr.",name:"Johnny",middleName:null,surname:"Grace III",slug:"johnny-grace-iii",fullName:"Johnny Grace III"}]},{id:"48145",doi:"10.5772/59749",title:"Health Effects of Metals in Particulate Matter",slug:"health-effects-of-metals-in-particulate-matter",totalDownloads:2622,totalCrossrefCites:13,totalDimensionsCites:32,abstract:null,book:{id:"4572",slug:"current-air-quality-issues",title:"Current Air Quality Issues",fullTitle:"Current Air Quality Issues"},signatures:"T.I. Fortoul, V. Rodriguez-Lara, A. Gonzalez-Villalva, M. Rojas-Lemus,\nL. Colin-Barenque, P. Bizarro-Nevares, I. García-Peláez, M. Ustarroz-\nCano, S. López-Zepeda, S. Cervantes-Yépez, N. López-Valdez, N.\nMeléndez-García, M. Espinosa-Zurutuza, G. Cano-Gutierrez and\nM.C. Cano-Rodríguez",authors:[{id:"38601",title:"Dr.",name:"Vianey",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Lara",slug:"vianey-rodriguez-lara",fullName:"Vianey Rodriguez-Lara"},{id:"38603",title:"MSc.",name:"Adriana",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez-Villalva",slug:"adriana-gonzalez-villalva",fullName:"Adriana Gonzalez-Villalva"},{id:"38609",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcela",middleName:null,surname:"Rojas-Lemus",slug:"marcela-rojas-lemus",fullName:"Marcela Rojas-Lemus"},{id:"63230",title:"Dr.",name:"Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"García-Peláez",slug:"isabel-garcia-pelaez",fullName:"Isabel García-Peláez"},{id:"172360",title:"Dr.",name:"Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Fortoul-van der Goes",slug:"teresa-fortoul-van-der-goes",fullName:"Teresa Fortoul-van der Goes"},{id:"172724",title:"MSc.",name:"Patricia",middleName:null,surname:"Bizarro-Nevares",slug:"patricia-bizarro-nevares",fullName:"Patricia Bizarro-Nevares"},{id:"172725",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Ustarroz-Cano",slug:"martha-ustarroz-cano",fullName:"Martha Ustarroz-Cano"},{id:"172726",title:"Ms.",name:"Sofía",middleName:null,surname:"López-Zepeda",slug:"sofia-lopez-zepeda",fullName:"Sofía López-Zepeda"},{id:"172727",title:"Ms.",name:"Silvana",middleName:null,surname:"Cervantes-Yépez",slug:"silvana-cervantes-yepez",fullName:"Silvana Cervantes-Yépez"},{id:"172728",title:"MSc.",name:"Nelly",middleName:null,surname:"López-Valdez",slug:"nelly-lopez-valdez",fullName:"Nelly López-Valdez"},{id:"172729",title:"Ms.",name:"Nayeli",middleName:null,surname:"Meléndez-García",slug:"nayeli-melendez-garcia",fullName:"Nayeli Meléndez-García"},{id:"172730",title:"Ms.",name:"Maribel",middleName:null,surname:"Espinosa-Zurutuza",slug:"maribel-espinosa-zurutuza",fullName:"Maribel Espinosa-Zurutuza"},{id:"172731",title:"Dr.",name:"Gumaro",middleName:null,surname:"Cano-Gutierrez",slug:"gumaro-cano-gutierrez",fullName:"Gumaro Cano-Gutierrez"},{id:"172733",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Colín-Barenque",slug:"laura-colin-barenque",fullName:"Laura Colín-Barenque"},{id:"173263",title:"Dr.",name:"María Concepción",middleName:null,surname:"Cano-Rodríguez",slug:"maria-concepcion-cano-rodriguez",fullName:"María Concepción Cano-Rodríguez"}]},{id:"64603",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.81657",title:"Detection and Monitoring of Marine Pollution Using Remote Sensing Technologies",slug:"detection-and-monitoring-of-marine-pollution-using-remote-sensing-technologies",totalDownloads:4528,totalCrossrefCites:16,totalDimensionsCites:29,abstract:"Recently, the marine habitat has been under pollution threat, which impacts many human activities as well as human life. Increasing concerns about pollution levels in the oceans and coastal regions have led to multiple approaches for measuring and mitigating marine pollution, in order to achieve sustainable marine water quality. Satellite remote sensing, covering large and remote areas, is considered useful for detecting and monitoring marine pollution. Recent developments in sensor technologies have transformed remote sensing into an effective means of monitoring marine areas. Different remote sensing platforms and sensors have their own capabilities for mapping and monitoring water pollution of different types, characteristics, and concentrations. This chapter will discuss and elaborate the merits and limitations of these remote sensing techniques for mapping oil pollutants, suspended solid concentrations, algal blooms, and floating plastic waste in marine waters.",book:{id:"7547",slug:"monitoring-of-marine-pollution",title:"Monitoring of Marine Pollution",fullTitle:"Monitoring of Marine Pollution"},signatures:"Sidrah Hafeez, Man Sing Wong, Sawaid Abbas, Coco Y. T. Kwok,\nJanet Nichol, Kwon Ho Lee, Danling Tang and Lilian Pun",authors:[{id:"225316",title:"Dr.",name:"Sawaid",middleName:null,surname:"Abbas",slug:"sawaid-abbas",fullName:"Sawaid Abbas"},{id:"259861",title:"Ms.",name:"Sidrah",middleName:null,surname:"Hafeez",slug:"sidrah-hafeez",fullName:"Sidrah Hafeez"},{id:"259890",title:"Prof.",name:"Man Sing",middleName:null,surname:"Wong",slug:"man-sing-wong",fullName:"Man Sing Wong"}]},{id:"35057",doi:"10.5772/33720",title:"Surface Water Quality Monitoring in Nigeria: Situational Analysis and Future Management Strategy",slug:"surface-water-quality-monitoring-in-nigeria-situational-analysis-and-future-management-strategy",totalDownloads:13273,totalCrossrefCites:14,totalDimensionsCites:27,abstract:null,book:{id:"1998",slug:"water-quality-monitoring-and-assessment",title:"Water Quality",fullTitle:"Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment"},signatures:"A.M. Taiwo, O.O. Olujimi, O. Bamgbose and T.A. Arowolo",authors:[{id:"96826",title:"Prof.",name:"Toyin",middleName:null,surname:"Arowolo",slug:"toyin-arowolo",fullName:"Toyin Arowolo"},{id:"138905",title:"Mr.",name:"Adewale Mathew",middleName:null,surname:"Taiwo",slug:"adewale-mathew-taiwo",fullName:"Adewale Mathew Taiwo"},{id:"138908",title:"Mr.",name:"Olanrewaju Olusoji",middleName:null,surname:"Olujimi",slug:"olanrewaju-olusoji-olujimi",fullName:"Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi"},{id:"138915",title:"Prof.",name:"Olukayode",middleName:null,surname:"Bamgbose",slug:"olukayode-bamgbose",fullName:"Olukayode Bamgbose"}]},{id:"17390",doi:"10.5772/17734",title:"Spatial Interpolation Methodologies in Urban Air Pollution Modeling: Application for the Greater Area of Metropolitan Athens, Greece",slug:"spatial-interpolation-methodologies-in-urban-air-pollution-modeling-application-for-the-greater-area",totalDownloads:3560,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:26,abstract:null,book:{id:"193",slug:"advanced-air-pollution",title:"Advanced Air Pollution",fullTitle:"Advanced Air Pollution"},signatures:"Despina Deligiorgi and Kostas Philippopoulos",authors:[{id:"29291",title:"Prof.",name:"Despina",middleName:null,surname:"Deligiorgi",slug:"despina-deligiorgi",fullName:"Despina Deligiorgi"},{id:"38634",title:"MSc.",name:"Kostas",middleName:null,surname:"Philippopoulos",slug:"kostas-philippopoulos",fullName:"Kostas Philippopoulos"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"64603",title:"Detection and Monitoring of Marine Pollution Using Remote Sensing Technologies",slug:"detection-and-monitoring-of-marine-pollution-using-remote-sensing-technologies",totalDownloads:4528,totalCrossrefCites:16,totalDimensionsCites:29,abstract:"Recently, the marine habitat has been under pollution threat, which impacts many human activities as well as human life. Increasing concerns about pollution levels in the oceans and coastal regions have led to multiple approaches for measuring and mitigating marine pollution, in order to achieve sustainable marine water quality. Satellite remote sensing, covering large and remote areas, is considered useful for detecting and monitoring marine pollution. Recent developments in sensor technologies have transformed remote sensing into an effective means of monitoring marine areas. Different remote sensing platforms and sensors have their own capabilities for mapping and monitoring water pollution of different types, characteristics, and concentrations. This chapter will discuss and elaborate the merits and limitations of these remote sensing techniques for mapping oil pollutants, suspended solid concentrations, algal blooms, and floating plastic waste in marine waters.",book:{id:"7547",slug:"monitoring-of-marine-pollution",title:"Monitoring of Marine Pollution",fullTitle:"Monitoring of Marine Pollution"},signatures:"Sidrah Hafeez, Man Sing Wong, Sawaid Abbas, Coco Y. T. Kwok,\nJanet Nichol, Kwon Ho Lee, Danling Tang and Lilian Pun",authors:[{id:"225316",title:"Dr.",name:"Sawaid",middleName:null,surname:"Abbas",slug:"sawaid-abbas",fullName:"Sawaid Abbas"},{id:"259861",title:"Ms.",name:"Sidrah",middleName:null,surname:"Hafeez",slug:"sidrah-hafeez",fullName:"Sidrah Hafeez"},{id:"259890",title:"Prof.",name:"Man Sing",middleName:null,surname:"Wong",slug:"man-sing-wong",fullName:"Man Sing Wong"}]},{id:"52206",title:"Particulate Matter Sampling Techniques and Data Modelling Methods",slug:"particulate-matter-sampling-techniques-and-data-modelling-methods",totalDownloads:3492,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:13,abstract:"Particulate matter with 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) is known to have adverse effects on human health and the environment. For countries committed to reducing PM10 emissions, it is essential to have models that accurately estimate and predict PM10 concentrations for reporting and monitoring purposes. In this chapter, a broad overview of recent empirical statistical and machine learning techniques for modelling PM10 is presented. This includes the instrumentation used to measure particulate matter, data preprocessing, the selection of explanatory variables and modelling methods. Key features of some PM10 prediction models developed in the last 10 years are described, and current work modelling and predicting PM10 trends in New Zealand—a remote country of islands in the South Pacific Ocean—are examined. In conclusion, the issues and challenges faced when modelling PM10 are discussed and suggestions for future avenues of investigation, which could improve the precision of PM10 prediction and estimation models are presented.",book:{id:"5356",slug:"air-quality-measurement-and-modeling",title:"Air Quality",fullTitle:"Air Quality - Measurement and Modeling"},signatures:"Jacqueline Whalley and Sara Zandi",authors:[{id:"188593",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Jacqueline",middleName:null,surname:"Whalley",slug:"jacqueline-whalley",fullName:"Jacqueline Whalley"},{id:"188594",title:"Ms.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Zandi",slug:"sara-zandi",fullName:"Sara Zandi"}]},{id:"72766",title:"Industrial Air Emission Pollution: Potential Sources and Sustainable Mitigation",slug:"industrial-air-emission-pollution-potential-sources-and-sustainable-mitigation",totalDownloads:970,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:"Air of cities especially in the developing parts of the world is turning into a serious environmental interest. The air pollution is because of a complex interaction of dispersion and emission of toxic pollutants from manufactories. Air pollution caused due to the introduction of dust particles, gases, and smoke into the atmosphere exceeds the air quality levels. Air pollutants are the precursor of photochemical smog and acid rain that causes the asthmatic problems leading into serious illness of lung cancer, depletes the stratospheric ozone, and contributes in global warming. In the present industrial economy era, air pollution is an unavoidable product that cannot be completely removed but stern actions can reduce it. Pollution can be reduced through collective as well as individual contributions. There are multiple sources of air pollution, which are industries, fossil fuels, agro waste, and vehicular emissions. Industrial processes upgradation, energy efficiency, agricultural waste burning control, and fuel conversion are important aspects to reducing pollutants which create the industrial air pollution. Mitigations are necessary to reduce the threat of air pollution using the various applicable technologies like CO2 sequestering, industrial energy efficiency, improving the combustion processes of the vehicular engines, and reducing the gas production from agriculture cultivations.",book:{id:"10178",slug:"environmental-emissions",title:"Environmental Emissions",fullTitle:"Environmental Emissions"},signatures:"Rabia Munsif, Muhammad Zubair, Ayesha Aziz and Muhammad Nadeem Zafar",authors:[{id:"251787",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Zubair",slug:"muhammad-zubair",fullName:"Muhammad Zubair"},{id:"318519",title:"Ms.",name:"Rabia",middleName:"Jathol",surname:"Munsif",slug:"rabia-munsif",fullName:"Rabia Munsif"},{id:"320637",title:"Ms.",name:"Ayesha",middleName:null,surname:"Aziz",slug:"ayesha-aziz",fullName:"Ayesha Aziz"},{id:"320675",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad Nadeem",middleName:null,surname:"Zafar",slug:"muhammad-nadeem-zafar",fullName:"Muhammad Nadeem Zafar"}]},{id:"48090",title:"Biological Contamination of Air in Indoor Spaces",slug:"biological-contamination-of-air-in-indoor-spaces",totalDownloads:2778,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:9,abstract:null,book:{id:"4572",slug:"current-air-quality-issues",title:"Current Air Quality Issues",fullTitle:"Current Air Quality Issues"},signatures:"Anca Maria Moldoveanu",authors:[{id:"25924",title:"Prof.",name:"Anca",middleName:"Maria",surname:"Moldoveanu",slug:"anca-moldoveanu",fullName:"Anca Moldoveanu"}]},{id:"64537",title:"Degradation Pathways of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Environment",slug:"degradation-pathways-of-persistent-organic-pollutants-pops-in-the-environment",totalDownloads:2103,totalCrossrefCites:8,totalDimensionsCites:20,abstract:"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are resistant to most of the known environmental degradation processes. Because of their persistence, POPs bioaccumulate in animal tissues and biomagnify along food chains and food webs with potential adverse impacts on human and wildlife health and the environment. Although POPs are resistant to most of the environmental degradation processes, there are some environmental processes mostly microbial degradation that can degrade POPs to other forms that are not necessarily simpler and less toxic. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants adopted in 2001 was meant to restrict the production and use of these toxic chemicals in the environment.",book:{id:"7224",slug:"persistent-organic-pollutants",title:"Persistent Organic Pollutants",fullTitle:"Persistent Organic Pollutants"},signatures:"James T. Zacharia",authors:[{id:"28551",title:"Dr.",name:"James T.",middleName:null,surname:"Zacharia",slug:"james-t.-zacharia",fullName:"James T. Zacharia"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"133",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:18,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:122,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:21,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",issn:"2754-6713",scope:"
\r\n\tScientists have long researched to understand the environment and man’s place in it. The search for this knowledge grows in importance as rapid increases in population and economic development intensify humans’ stresses on ecosystems. Fortunately, rapid increases in multiple scientific areas are advancing our understanding of environmental sciences. Breakthroughs in computing, molecular biology, ecology, and sustainability science are enhancing our ability to utilize environmental sciences to address real-world problems. \r\n\tThe four topics of this book series - Pollution; Environmental Resilience and Management; Ecosystems and Biodiversity; and Water Science - will address important areas of advancement in the environmental sciences. They will represent an excellent initial grouping of published works on these critical topics.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/25.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 3rd, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:1,editor:{id:"197485",title:"Dr.",name:"J. Kevin",middleName:null,surname:"Summers",slug:"j.-kevin-summers",fullName:"J. Kevin Summers",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197485/images/system/197485.jpg",biography:"J. Kevin Summers is a Senior Research Ecologist at the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division. He is currently working with colleagues in the Sustainable and Healthy Communities Program to develop an index of community resilience to natural hazards, an index of human well-being that can be linked to changes in the ecosystem, social and economic services, and a community sustainability tool for communities with populations under 40,000. He leads research efforts for indicator and indices development. Dr. Summers is a systems ecologist and began his career at the EPA in 1989 and has worked in various programs and capacities. This includes leading the National Coastal Assessment in collaboration with the Office of Water which culminated in the award-winning National Coastal Condition Report series (four volumes between 2001 and 2012), and which integrates water quality, sediment quality, habitat, and biological data to assess the ecosystem condition of the United States estuaries. He was acting National Program Director for Ecology for the EPA between 2004 and 2006. He has authored approximately 150 peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and reports and has received many awards for technical accomplishments from the EPA and from outside of the agency. Dr. Summers holds a BA in Zoology and Psychology, an MA in Ecology, and Ph.D. in Systems Ecology/Biology.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Environmental Protection Agency",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/91.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11975,editor:{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/181603/images/system/181603.jpg",biography:"Antonella Petrillo, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Engineering, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Italy. She received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy. Her research interests include multi-criteria decision analysis, industrial plants, logistics, manufacturing, and safety. She serves as an associate editor for the International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and is an editorial board member for several other journals. She is also a member of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Academy.",institutionString:"Parthenope University of Naples",institution:{name:"Parthenope University of Naples",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"92",title:"Health and Wellbeing",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/92.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11976,editor:{id:"348225",title:"Prof.",name:"Ann",middleName:null,surname:"Hemingway",slug:"ann-hemingway",fullName:"Ann Hemingway",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035LZFoQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-04-11T14:55:40.jpg",biography:"Professor Hemingway is a public health researcher, Bournemouth University, undertaking international and UK research focused on reducing inequalities in health outcomes for marginalised and excluded populations and more recently focused on equine assisted interventions.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bournemouth University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"93",title:"Inclusivity and Social Equity",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/93.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11977,editor:{id:"210060",title:"Prof. Dr.",name:"Ebba",middleName:null,surname:"Ossiannilsson",slug:"ebba-ossiannilsson",fullName:"Ebba Ossiannilsson",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6LkBQAU/Profile_Picture_2022-02-28T13:31:48.png",biography:"Professor Dr. Ebba Ossiannilsson is an independent researcher, expert, consultant, quality auditor and influencer in the fields of open, flexible online and distance learning (OFDL) and the 'new normal'. Her focus is on quality, innovation, leadership, and personalised learning. She works primarily at the strategic and policy levels, both nationally and internationally, and with key international organisations. She is committed to promoting and improving OFDL in the context of SDG4 and the future of education. Ossiannilsson has more than 20 years of experience in her current field, but more than 40 years in the education sector. She works as a reviewer and expert for the European Commission and collaborates with the Joint Research Centre for Quality in Open Education. Ossiannilsson also collaborates with ITCILO and ICoBC (International Council on Badges and Credentials). She is a member of the ICDE Board of Directors and has previously served on the boards of EDEN and EUCEN. Ossiannilsson is a quality expert and reviewer for ICDE, EDEN and the EADTU. She chairs the ICDE OER Advocacy Committee and is a member of the ICDE Quality Network. She is regularly invited as a keynote speaker at conferences. She is a guest editor for several special issues and a member of the editorial board of several scientific journals. She has published more than 200 articles and is currently working on book projects in the field of OFDL. Ossiannilsson is a visiting professor at several international universities and was recently appointed Professor and Research Fellow at Victoria University of Wellington, NZ. Ossiannilsson has been awarded the following fellowships: EDEN Fellows, EDEN Council of Fellows, and Open Education Europe. She is a ICDE OER Ambassador, Open Education Europe Ambassador, GIZ Ambassador for Quality in Digital Learning, and part of the Globe-Community of Digital Learning and Champion of SPARC Europe. On a national level, she is a quality developer at the Swedish Institute for Standards (SIS) and for ISO. She is a member of the Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition Sweden and Vice President of the Swedish Association for Distance Education. She is currently working on a government initiative on quality in distance education at the National Council for Higher Education. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Oulu, Finland.",institutionString:"Swedish Association for Distance Education, Sweden",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"94",title:"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/94.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11978,editor:{id:"61855",title:"Dr.",name:"Yixin",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"yixin-zhang",fullName:"Yixin Zhang",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYWJgQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-06-09T11:36:35.jpg",biography:"Professor Yixin Zhang is an aquatic ecologist with over 30 years of research and teaching experience in three continents (Asia, Europe, and North America) in Stream Ecology, Riparian Ecology, Urban Ecology, and Ecosystem Restoration and Aquatic Conservation, Human-Nature Interactions and Sustainability, Urbanization Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems. He got his Ph.D. in Animal Ecology at Umeå University in Sweden in 1998. He conducted postdoc research in stream ecology at the University of California at Santa Barbara in the USA. After that, he was a postdoc research fellow at the University of British Columbia in Canada to do research on large-scale stream experimental manipulation and watershed ecological survey in temperate rainforests of BC. He was a faculty member at the University of Hong Kong to run ecological research projects on aquatic insects, fishes, and newts in Tropical Asian streams. He also conducted research in streams, rivers, and caves in Texas, USA, to study the ecology of macroinvertebrates, big-claw river shrimp, fish, turtles, and bats. Current research interests include trophic flows across ecosystems; watershed impacts of land-use change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning; ecological civilization and water resource management; urban ecology and urban/rural sustainable development.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Soochow University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"95",title:"Urban Planning and Environmental Management",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/95.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11979,editor:{id:"181079",title:"Dr.",name:"Christoph",middleName:null,surname:"Lüthi",slug:"christoph-luthi",fullName:"Christoph Lüthi",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRHSqQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-04-12T15:51:33.png",biography:"Dr. Christoph Lüthi is an urban infrastructure planner with over 25 years of experience in planning and design of urban infrastructure in middle and low-income countries. He holds a Master’s Degree in Urban Development Planning from the University College of London (UCL), and a Ph.D. in Urban Planning & Engineering from TU Berlin. He has conducted applied research on urban planning and infrastructure issues in over 20 countries in Africa and Asia. In 2005 he joined Eawag-Sandec as Leader of the Strategic Environmental Sanitation Planning Group. Since 2015 he heads the research department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Research and Technology (Eawag).",institutionString:"Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Switzerland",institution:{name:"Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Switzerland"}}},editorTwo:{id:"290571",title:"Dr.",name:"Rui Alexandre",middleName:null,surname:"Castanho",slug:"rui-alexandre-castanho",fullName:"Rui Alexandre Castanho",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/290571/images/system/290571.jpg",biography:"Rui Alexandre Castanho has a master\\'s degree in Planning, Audit, and Control in Urban Green Spaces and an international Ph.D. in Sustainable Planning in Borderlands. Currently, he is a professor at WSB University, Poland, and a visiting professor at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Dr. Castanho is a post-doc researcher on the GREAT Project, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. He collaborates with the Environmental Resources Analysis Research Group (ARAM), University of Extremadura (UEx), Spain; VALORIZA - Research Center for the Enhancement of Endogenous Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), Portugal; Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CITUR), Madeira, Portugal; and AQUAGEO Research Group, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.",institutionString:"University of Johannesburg, South Africa and WSB University, Poland",institution:{name:"University of Johannesburg",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:19,paginationItems:[{id:"82804",title:"Psychiatric Problems in HIV Care",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106077",signatures:"Seggane Musisi and Noeline Nakasujja",slug:"psychiatric-problems-in-hiv-care",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Future Opportunities and Tools for Emerging Challenges for HIV/AIDS Control",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11575.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82827",title:"Epidemiology and Control of Schistosomiasis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105170",signatures:"Célestin Kyambikwa Bisangamo",slug:"epidemiology-and-control-of-schistosomiasis",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"New Horizons for Schistosomiasis Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10829.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82817",title:"Perspective Chapter: Microfluidic Technologies for On-Site Detection and Quantification of Infectious Diseases - The Experience with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105950",signatures:"Andres Escobar and Chang-qing Xu",slug:"perspective-chapter-microfluidic-technologies-for-on-site-detection-and-quantification-of-infectious",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"82667",title:"Perspective Chapter: Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Indirect Spreading Routes and Possible Countermeasures",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105914",signatures:"Cesare Saccani, Marco Pellegrini and Alessandro Guzzini",slug:"perspective-chapter-analysis-of-sars-cov-2-indirect-spreading-routes-and-possible-countermeasures",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:13,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"6667",title:"Influenza",subtitle:"Therapeutics and Challenges",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6667.jpg",slug:"influenza-therapeutics-and-challenges",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"105e347b2d5dbbe6b593aceffa051efa",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Influenza - Therapeutics and Challenges",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Dr. Saxena is a fellow of various international societies/academies including the Royal College of Pathologists, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Royal Society of Biology, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Chemistry, London; and Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals, Austria. He was named a Global Leader in Science by The Scientist. He is also an international opinion leader/expert in vaccination for Japanese encephalitis by IPIC (UK).",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7064",title:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7064.jpg",slug:"current-perspectives-in-human-papillomavirus",publishedDate:"May 2nd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"d92a4085627bab25ddc7942fbf44cf05",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Dr. Saxena is a fellow of various international societies/academies including the Royal College of Pathologists, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Royal Society of Biology, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Chemistry, London; and Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals, Austria. He was named a Global Leader in Science by The Scientist. He is also an international opinion leader/expert in vaccination for Japanese encephalitis by IPIC (UK).",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7123",title:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7123.jpg",slug:"current-topics-in-neglected-tropical-diseases",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",hash:"61c627da05b2ace83056d11357bdf361",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"7839",title:"Malaria",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7839.jpg",slug:"malaria",publishedDate:"December 11th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Fyson H. Kasenga",hash:"91cde4582ead884cb0f355a19b67cd56",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Malaria",editors:[{id:"86725",title:"Dr.",name:"Fyson",middleName:"Hanania",surname:"Kasenga",slug:"fyson-kasenga",fullName:"Fyson Kasenga",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/86725/images/system/86725.jpg",biography:"Dr. Kasenga is a graduate of Tumaini University, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania and Umeå University, Sweden. He obtained a Master’s degree in Public Health and PhD in Public Health and Epidemiology. He has a background in Clinical Medicine and has taken courses at higher diploma levels in public health from University of Transkei, Republic of South Africa, and African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) in Nairobi, Kenya. Dr. Kasenga worked in different places in and outside Malawi, and has held various positions, such as Licensed Medical Officer, HIV/AIDS Programme Officer, HIV/AIDS resource person in the International Department of Diakonhjemet College, Oslo, Norway. He also managed an Integrated HIV/AIDS Prevention programme for over 5 years. He is currently working as a Director for the Health Ministries Department of Malawi Union of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Dr. Kasenga has published over 5 articles on HIV/AIDS issues focusing on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT), including a book chapter on HIV testing counseling (currently in press). Dr. Kasenga is married to Grace and blessed with three children, a son and two daughters: Happy, Lettice and Sungani.",institutionString:"Malawi Adventist University",institution:{name:"Malawi Adventist University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malawi"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:2,paginationItems:[{id:"11474",title:"Quality of Life Interventions - Magnitude of Effect and Transferability",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11474.jpg",hash:"5a6bcdaf5ee144d043bcdab893ff9e1c",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"July 7th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"245319",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sage",surname:"Arbor",slug:"sage-arbor",fullName:"Sage Arbor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11473",title:"Social Inequality - Structure and Social Processes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11473.jpg",hash:"cefab077e403fd1695fb2946e7914942",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"July 13th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"313341",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Yaroslava",surname:"Robles-Bykbaev",slug:"yaroslava-robles-bykbaev",fullName:"Yaroslava Robles-Bykbaev"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{id:"82754",title:"Impact of Revegetation on Ecological Restoration of a Constructed Soil in a Coal Mining in Southern Brazil",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105895",signatures:"Lizete Stumpf, Maria Bertaso De Garcia Fernandez, Pablo Miguel, Luiz Fernando Spinelli Pinto, Ryan Noremberg Schubert, Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho, Tania Hipolito Montiel, Lucas Da Silva Barbosa, Jeferson Diego Leidemer and Thábata Barbosa Duarte",slug:"impact-of-revegetation-on-ecological-restoration-of-a-constructed-soil-in-a-coal-mining-in-southern-",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82828",title:"Vegetation and Avifauna Distribution in the Serengeti National Park",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106165",signatures:"Ally K. Nkwabi and Pius Y. Kavana",slug:"vegetation-and-avifauna-distribution-in-the-serengeti-national-park",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82808",title:"Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impacts on the Ecosystem of the Transgressive Mud Coastal Region of Bight of Benin, Nigeria",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105760",signatures:"Patrick O. Ayeku",slug:"climate-change-and-anthropogenic-impacts-on-the-ecosystem-of-the-transgressive-mud-coastal-region-of",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82525",title:"Perspective Chapter: Daphnia magna as a Potential Indicator of Reservoir Water Quality - Current Status and Perspectives Focused in Ecotoxicological Classes Regarding the Risk Prediction",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105768",signatures:"Sara Rodrigues, Ivo Pinto, Sandra Nogueira and Sara C. Antunes",slug:"perspective-chapter-daphnia-magna-as-a-potential-indicator-of-reservoir-water-quality-current-status",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Limnology - The Importance of Monitoring and Correlations of Lentic and Lotic Waters",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11662.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82697",title:"Analyzing the Evolution of Land-Use Changes Related to Vegetation, in the Galicia Region, Spain: From 1990 to 2018",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106015",signatures:"Sérgio Lousada and José Manuel Naranjo Gómez",slug:"analyzing-the-evolution-of-land-use-changes-related-to-vegetation-in-the-galicia-region-spain-from-1",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"José Manuel",surname:"Naranjo Gómez"},{name:"Sérgio",surname:"Lousada"}],book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82563",title:"Impacts of Human Activities on the High Mountain Landscape of the Tatras (Example of the Border Area of the High and Belianske Tatras, Slovakia)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105601",signatures:"Veronika Piscová, Juraj Hreško, Michal Ševčík and Terézia Slobodová",slug:"impacts-of-human-activities-on-the-high-mountain-landscape-of-the-tatras-example-of-the-border-area-",totalDownloads:14,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82362",title:"Studies on the Short-Term Effects of the Cease of Pesticides Use on Vineyard Microbiome",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105706",signatures:"Simona Ghiță, Mihaela Hnatiuc, Aurora Ranca, Victoria Artem and Mădălina-Andreea Ciocan",slug:"studies-on-the-short-term-effects-of-the-cease-of-pesticides-use-on-vineyard-microbiome",totalDownloads:19,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82297",title:"The Climate Change-Agriculture Nexus in Drylands of Ethiopia",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103905",signatures:"Zenebe Mekonnen",slug:"the-climate-change-agriculture-nexus-in-drylands-of-ethiopia",totalDownloads:30,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"81999",title:"Climate Change, Rural Livelihoods, and Human Well-Being: Experiences from Kenya",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104965",signatures:"André J. Pelser and Rujeko Samanthia Chimukuche",slug:"climate-change-rural-livelihoods-and-human-well-being-experiences-from-kenya",totalDownloads:32,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity",value:40,count:9,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10843",title:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)",subtitle:"Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10843.jpg",slug:"persistent-organic-pollutants-pops-monitoring-impact-and-treatment",publishedDate:"April 13th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",hash:"f5b1589f0a990b6114fef2dadc735dd9",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) - Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",editors:[{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",middleName:null,surname:"Rashed",slug:"mohamed-nageeb-rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63465/images/system/63465.gif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Aswan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Pollution",value:38,count:1}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:754,paginationItems:[{id:"310674",title:"Dr.",name:"Pravin",middleName:null,surname:"Kendrekar",slug:"pravin-kendrekar",fullName:"Pravin Kendrekar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/310674/images/system/310674.jpg",biography:"Dr. Pravin Kendrekar, MSc, MBA, Ph.D., is currently a visiting scientist at the Lipid Nanostructure Laboratory, University of Central Lancashire, England. He previously worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Israel; University of the Free State, South Africa; and Central University of Technology Bloemfontein, South Africa. He obtained his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan. He has published more than seventy-four journal articles and attended several national and international conferences as speaker and chair. Dr. Kendrekar has received many international awards. He has several funded projects, namely, anti-malaria drug development, MRSA, and SARS-CoV-2 activity of curcumin and its formulations. He has filed four patents in collaboration with the University of Central Lancashire and Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases. His present research includes organic synthesis, drug discovery and development, biochemistry, nanoscience, and nanotechnology.",institutionString:"Visiting Scientist at Lipid Nanostructures Laboratory, Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire",institution:null},{id:"428125",title:"Dr.",name:"Vinayak",middleName:null,surname:"Adimule",slug:"vinayak-adimule",fullName:"Vinayak Adimule",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/428125/images/system/428125.jpg",biography:"Dr. Vinayak Adimule, MSc, Ph.D., is a professor and dean of R&D, Angadi Institute of Technology and Management, India. He has 15 years of research experience as a senior research scientist and associate research scientist in R&D organizations. He has published more than fifty research articles as well as several book chapters. He has two Indian patents and two international patents to his credit. Dr. Adimule has attended, chaired, and presented papers at national and international conferences. He is a guest editor for Topics in Catalysis and other journals. He is also an editorial board member, life member, and associate member for many international societies and research institutions. His research interests include nanoelectronics, material chemistry, artificial intelligence, sensors and actuators, bio-nanomaterials, and medicinal chemistry.",institutionString:"Angadi Institute of Technology and Management",institution:null},{id:"284317",title:"Prof.",name:"Kantharaju",middleName:null,surname:"Kamanna",slug:"kantharaju-kamanna",fullName:"Kantharaju Kamanna",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/284317/images/21050_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. K. Kantharaju has received Bachelor of science (PCM), master of science (Organic Chemistry) and Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry from Bangalore University. He worked as a Executive Research & Development @ Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad. He received DBT-postdoc fellow @ Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore under the supervision of Prof. P. Balaram, later he moved to NIH-postdoc researcher at Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA, after his return from postdoc joined NITK-Surthakal as a Adhoc faculty at department of chemistry. Since from August 2013 working as a Associate Professor, and in 2016 promoted to Profeesor in the School of Basic Sciences: Department of Chemistry and having 20 years of teaching and research experiences.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rani Channamma University, Belagavi",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"158492",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Tutar",slug:"yusuf-tutar",fullName:"Yusuf Tutar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/158492/images/system/158492.jpeg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Yusuf Tutar conducts his research at the Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Turkey. He is also a faculty member in the Molecular Oncology Program. He obtained his MSc and Ph.D. at Oregon State University and Texas Tech University, respectively. He pursued his postdoctoral studies at Rutgers University Medical School and the National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIDDK), USA. His research focuses on biochemistry, biophysics, genetics, molecular biology, and molecular medicine with specialization in the fields of drug design, protein structure-function, protein folding, prions, microRNA, pseudogenes, molecular cancer, epigenetics, metabolites, proteomics, genomics, protein expression, and characterization by spectroscopic and calorimetric methods.",institutionString:"University of Health Sciences",institution:null},{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",biography:"Hiroyuki Kagechika received his bachelor’s degree and Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Tokyo, Japan, where he served as an associate professor until 2004. He is currently a professor at the Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU). From 2010 to 2012, he was the dean of the Graduate School of Biomedical Science. Since 2012, he has served as the vice dean of the Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences. He has been the director of the IBB since 2020. Dr. Kagechika’s major research interests are the medicinal chemistry of retinoids, vitamins D/K, and nuclear receptors. He has developed various compounds including a drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia.",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"94311",title:"Prof.",name:"Martins",middleName:"Ochubiojo",surname:"Ochubiojo Emeje",slug:"martins-ochubiojo-emeje",fullName:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94311/images/system/94311.jpeg",biography:"Martins Emeje obtained a BPharm with distinction from Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, and an MPharm and Ph.D. from the University of Nigeria (UNN), where he received the best Ph.D. award and was enlisted as UNN’s “Face of Research.” He established the first nanomedicine center in Nigeria and was the pioneer head of the intellectual property and technology transfer as well as the technology innovation and support center. Prof. Emeje’s several international fellowships include the prestigious Raman fellowship. He has published more than 150 articles and patents. He is also the head of R&D at NIPRD and holds a visiting professor position at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria. He has a postgraduate certificate in Project Management from Walden University, Minnesota, as well as a professional teaching certificate and a World Bank certification in Public Procurement. Prof. Emeje was a national chairman of academic pharmacists in Nigeria and the 2021 winner of the May & Baker Nigeria Plc–sponsored prize for professional service in research and innovation.",institutionString:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",institution:{name:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"436430",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Mesut",middleName:null,surname:"Işık",slug:"mesut-isik",fullName:"Mesut Işık",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/436430/images/19686_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bilecik University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"268659",title:"Ms.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/268659/images/8143_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Zhan received his undergraduate and graduate training in the fields of preventive medicine and epidemiology and statistics at the West China University of Medical Sciences in China during 1989 to 1999. He received his post-doctoral training in oncology and cancer proteomics for two years at the Cancer Research Institute of Human Medical University in China. In 2001, he went to the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) in USA, where he was a post-doctoral researcher and focused on mass spectrometry and cancer proteomics. Then, he was appointed as an Assistant Professor of Neurology, UTHSC in 2005. He moved to the Cleveland Clinic in USA as a Project Scientist/Staff in 2006 where he focused on the studies of eye disease proteomics and biomarkers. He returned to UTHSC as an Assistant Professor of Neurology in the end of 2007, engaging in proteomics and biomarker studies of lung diseases and brain tumors, and initiating the studies of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in cancer. In 2010, he was promoted to Associate Professor of Neurology, UTHSC. Currently, he is a Professor at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China, Fellow of Royal Society of Medicine (FRSM), the European EPMA National Representative in China, Regular Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), European Cooperation of Science and Technology (e-COST) grant evaluator, Associate Editors of BMC Genomics, BMC Medical Genomics, EPMA Journal, and Frontiers in Endocrinology, Executive Editor-in-Chief of Med One. He has\npublished 116 peer-reviewed research articles, 16 book chapters, 2 books, and 2 US patents. His current main research interest focuses on the studies of cancer proteomics and biomarkers, and the use of modern omics techniques and systems biology for PPPM in cancer, and on the development and use of 2DE-LC/MS for the large-scale study of human proteoforms.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Xiangya Hospital Central South University",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Rizwan Ahmad is a University Professor and Coordinator, Quality and Development, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Previously, he was Associate Professor of Human Function, Oman Medical College, Oman, and SBS University, Dehradun. Dr. Ahmad completed his education at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. He has published several articles in peer-reviewed journals, chapters, and edited books. His area of specialization is free radical biochemistry and autoimmune diseases.",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",biography:"Farid A. Badria, Ph.D., is the recipient of several awards, including The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Prize for Public Understanding of Science; the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Gold Medal for best invention; Outstanding Arab Scholar, Kuwait; and the Khwarizmi International Award, Iran. He has 250 publications, 12 books, 20 patents, and several marketed pharmaceutical products to his credit. He continues to lead research projects on developing new therapies for liver, skin disorders, and cancer. Dr. Badria was listed among the world’s top 2% of scientists in medicinal and biomolecular chemistry in 2019 and 2020. He is a member of the Arab Development Fund, Kuwait; International Cell Research Organization–United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICRO–UNESCO), Chile; and UNESCO Biotechnology France",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",biography:"Dr. Singh received a BPharm (2003) and MPharm (2005) from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, and a Ph.D. (2013) from Punjab Technical University (PTU), Jalandhar, India. He has more than sixteen years of teaching experience and has supervised numerous postgraduate and Ph.D. students. He has to his credit more than seventy papers in SCI- and SCOPUS-indexed journals, fifty-five conference proceedings, four books, six Best Paper Awards, and five projects from different government agencies. He is currently an editorial board member of eight international journals and a reviewer for more than fifty scientific journals. He received Top Reviewer and Excellent Peer Reviewer Awards from Publons in 2016 and 2017, respectively. He is also on the panel of The International Reviewer for reviewing research proposals for grants from the Royal Society. He also serves as a Publons Academy mentor and Bentham brand ambassador.",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"142388",title:"Dr.",name:"Thiago",middleName:"Gomes",surname:"Gomes Heck",slug:"thiago-gomes-heck",fullName:"Thiago Gomes Heck",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/142388/images/7259_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"336273",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Janja",middleName:null,surname:"Zupan",slug:"janja-zupan",fullName:"Janja Zupan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/336273/images/14853_n.jpeg",biography:"Janja Zupan graduated in 2005 at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (superviser prof. dr. Janja Marc) in the field of genetics of osteoporosis. Since November 2009 she is working as a Teaching Assistant at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry. In 2011 she completed part of her research and PhD work at Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh. She finished her PhD entitled The influence of the proinflammatory cytokines on the RANK/RANKL/OPG in bone tissue of osteoporotic and osteoarthritic patients in 2012. From 2014-2016 she worked at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen as a postdoctoral research fellow on UK Arthritis research project where she gained knowledge in mesenchymal stem cells and regenerative medicine. She returned back to University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy in 2016. She is currently leading project entitled Mesenchymal stem cells-the keepers of tissue endogenous regenerative capacity facing up to aging of the musculoskeletal system funded by Slovenian Research Agency.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ljubljana",country:{name:"Slovenia"}}},{id:"357453",title:"Dr.",name:"Radheshyam",middleName:null,surname:"Maurya",slug:"radheshyam-maurya",fullName:"Radheshyam Maurya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/357453/images/16535_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Hyderabad",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"418340",title:"Dr.",name:"Jyotirmoi",middleName:null,surname:"Aich",slug:"jyotirmoi-aich",fullName:"Jyotirmoi Aich",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038Ugi5QAC/Profile_Picture_2022-04-15T07:48:28.png",biography:"Biotechnologist with 15 years of research including 6 years of teaching experience. Demonstrated record of scientific achievements through consistent publication record (H index = 13, with 874 citations) in high impact journals such as Nature Communications, Oncotarget, Annals of Oncology, PNAS, and AJRCCM, etc. Strong research professional with a post-doctorate from ACTREC where I gained experimental oncology experience in clinical settings and a doctorate from IGIB where I gained expertise in asthma pathophysiology. A well-trained biotechnologist with diverse experience on the bench across different research themes ranging from asthma to cancer and other infectious diseases. An individual with a strong commitment and innovative mindset. Have the ability to work on diverse projects such as regenerative and molecular medicine with an overall mindset of improving healthcare.",institutionString:"DY Patil Deemed to Be University",institution:null},{id:"349288",title:"Prof.",name:"Soumya",middleName:null,surname:"Basu",slug:"soumya-basu",fullName:"Soumya Basu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035QxIDQA0/Profile_Picture_2022-04-15T07:47:01.jpg",biography:"Soumya Basu, Ph.D., is currently working as an Associate Professor at Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India. With 16+ years of trans-disciplinary research experience in Drug Design, development, and pre-clinical validation; 20+ research article publications in journals of repute, 9+ years of teaching experience, trained with cross-disciplinary education, Dr. Basu is a life-long learner and always thrives for new challenges.\r\nHer research area is the design and synthesis of small molecule partial agonists of PPAR-γ in lung cancer. She is also using artificial intelligence and deep learning methods to understand the exosomal miRNA’s role in cancer metastasis. Dr. Basu is the recipient of many awards including the Early Career Research Award from the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. She is a reviewer of many journals like Molecular Biology Reports, Frontiers in Oncology, RSC Advances, PLOS ONE, Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, etc. She has edited and authored/co-authored 21 journal papers, 3 book chapters, and 15 abstracts. She is a Board of Studies member at her university. She is a life member of 'The Cytometry Society”-in India and 'All India Cell Biology Society”- in India.",institutionString:"Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune",institution:{name:"Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"354817",title:"Dr.",name:"Anubhab",middleName:null,surname:"Mukherjee",slug:"anubhab-mukherjee",fullName:"Anubhab Mukherjee",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y0000365PbRQAU/ProfilePicture%202022-04-15%2005%3A11%3A18.480",biography:"A former member of Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, USA, Dr. Anubhab Mukherjee is an ardent votary of science who strives to make an impact in the lives of those afflicted with cancer and other chronic/acute ailments. He completed his Ph.D. from CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India, having been skilled with RNAi, liposomal drug delivery, preclinical cell and animal studies. He pursued post-doctoral research at College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A & M University and was involved in another postdoctoral research at Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California. In 2015, he worked in Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology as a visiting scientist. He has substantial experience in nanotechnology-based formulation development and successfully served various Indian organizations to develop pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical products. He is an inventor in many US patents and an author in many peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and books published in various media of international repute. Dr. Mukherjee is currently serving as Principal Scientist, R&D at Esperer Onco Nutrition (EON) Pvt. Ltd. and heads the Hyderabad R&D center of the organization.",institutionString:"Esperer Onco Nutrition Pvt Ltd.",institution:null},{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/319365/images/system/319365.png",biography:"Manash K. Paul is a Principal Investigator and Scientist at the University of California Los Angeles. He has contributed significantly to the fields of stem cell biology, regenerative medicine, and lung cancer. His research focuses on various signaling processes involved in maintaining stem cell homeostasis during the injury-repair process, deciphering lung stem cell niche, pulmonary disease modeling, immuno-oncology, and drug discovery. He is currently investigating the role of extracellular vesicles in premalignant lung cell migration and detecting the metastatic phenotype of lung cancer via machine-learning-based analyses of exosomal signatures. Dr. Paul has published in more than fifty peer-reviewed international journals and is highly cited. He is the recipient of many awards, including the UCLA Vice Chancellor’s award, a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and an editorial board member for several international journals.",institutionString:"University of California Los Angeles",institution:{name:"University of California Los Angeles",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"311457",title:"Dr.",name:"Júlia",middleName:null,surname:"Scherer Santos",slug:"julia-scherer-santos",fullName:"Júlia Scherer Santos",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/311457/images/system/311457.jpg",biography:"Dr. Júlia Scherer Santos works in the areas of cosmetology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical technology, beauty, and aesthetics. Dr. Santos also has experience as a professor of graduate courses. Graduated in Pharmacy, specialization in Cosmetology and Cosmeceuticals applied to aesthetics, specialization in Aesthetic and Cosmetic Health, and a doctorate in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. Teaching experience in Pharmacy and Aesthetics and Cosmetics courses. She works mainly on the following subjects: nanotechnology, cosmetology, pharmaceutical technology, aesthetics.",institutionString:"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"219081",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdulsamed",middleName:null,surname:"Kükürt",slug:"abdulsamed-kukurt",fullName:"Abdulsamed Kükürt",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/219081/images/system/219081.png",biography:"Dr. Kükürt graduated from Uludağ University in Turkey. He started his academic career as a Research Assistant in the Department of Biochemistry at Kafkas University. In 2019, he completed his Ph.D. program in the Department of Biochemistry at the Institute of Health Sciences. He is currently working at the Department of Biochemistry, Kafkas University. He has 27 published research articles in academic journals, 11 book chapters, and 37 papers. He took part in 10 academic projects. He served as a reviewer for many articles. He still serves as a member of the review board in many academic journals. He is currently working on the protective activity of phenolic compounds in disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kafkas University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"178366",title:"Dr.",name:"Volkan",middleName:null,surname:"Gelen",slug:"volkan-gelen",fullName:"Volkan Gelen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178366/images/system/178366.jpg",biography:"Volkan Gelen is a Physiology specialist who received his veterinary degree from Kafkas University in 2011. Between 2011-2015, he worked as an assistant at Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. In 2016, he joined Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology as an assistant professor. Dr. Gelen has been engaged in various academic activities at Kafkas University since 2016. There he completed 5 projects and has 3 ongoing projects. He has 60 articles published in scientific journals and 20 poster presentations in scientific congresses. His research interests include physiology, endocrine system, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular system diseases, and isolated organ bath system studies.",institutionString:"Kafkas University",institution:{name:"Kafkas University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"418963",title:"Dr.",name:"Augustine Ododo",middleName:"Augustine",surname:"Osagie",slug:"augustine-ododo-osagie",fullName:"Augustine Ododo Osagie",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/418963/images/16900_n.jpg",biography:"Born into the family of Osagie, a prince of the Benin Kingdom. I am currently an academic in the Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Benin. Part of the duties are to teach undergraduate students and conduct academic research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Benin",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/192992/images/system/192992.png",biography:"Prof. Shagufta Perveen is a Distinguish Professor in the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Perveen has acted as the principal investigator of major research projects funded by the research unit of King Saud University. She has more than ninety original research papers in peer-reviewed journals of international repute to her credit. She is a fellow member of the Royal Society of Chemistry UK and the American Chemical Society of the United States.",institutionString:"King Saud University",institution:{name:"King Saud University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"49848",title:"Dr.",name:"Wen-Long",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",slug:"wen-long-hu",fullName:"Wen-Long Hu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49848/images/system/49848.jpg",biography:"Wen-Long Hu is Chief of the Division of Acupuncture, Department of Chinese Medicine at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, as well as an adjunct associate professor at Fooyin University and Kaohsiung Medical University. Wen-Long is President of Taiwan Traditional Chinese Medicine Medical Association. He has 28 years of experience in clinical practice in laser acupuncture therapy and 34 years in acupuncture. He is an invited speaker for lectures and workshops in laser acupuncture at many symposiums held by medical associations. He owns the patent for herbal preparation and producing, and for the supercritical fluid-treated needle. Dr. Hu has published three books, 12 book chapters, and more than 30 papers in reputed journals, besides serving as an editorial board member of repute.",institutionString:"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital",institution:{name:"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"298472",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrey V.",middleName:null,surname:"Grechko",slug:"andrey-v.-grechko",fullName:"Andrey V. Grechko",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/298472/images/system/298472.png",biography:"Andrey Vyacheslavovich Grechko, Ph.D., Professor, is a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He graduated from the Semashko Moscow Medical Institute (Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health) with a degree in Medicine (1998), the Clinical Department of Dermatovenerology (2000), and received a second higher education in Psychology (2009). Professor A.V. Grechko held the position of Сhief Physician of the Central Clinical Hospital in Moscow. He worked as a professor at the faculty and was engaged in scientific research at the Medical University. Starting in 2013, he has been the initiator of the creation of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Intensive Care and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation, where he also serves as Director since 2015. He has many years of experience in research and teaching in various fields of medicine, is an author/co-author of more than 200 scientific publications, 13 patents, 15 medical books/chapters, including Chapter in Book «Metabolomics», IntechOpen, 2020 «Metabolomic Discovery of Microbiota Dysfunction as the Cause of Pathology».",institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null},{id:"199461",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalia V.",middleName:null,surname:"Beloborodova",slug:"natalia-v.-beloborodova",fullName:"Natalia V. Beloborodova",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/199461/images/system/199461.jpg",biography:'Natalia Vladimirovna Beloborodova was educated at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, with a degree in pediatrics in 1980, a Ph.D. in 1987, and a specialization in Clinical Microbiology from First Moscow State Medical University in 2004. She has been a Professor since 1996. Currently, she is the Head of the Laboratory of Metabolism, a division of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation. N.V. Beloborodova has many years of clinical experience in the field of intensive care and surgery. She studies infectious complications and sepsis. She initiated a series of interdisciplinary clinical and experimental studies based on the concept of integrating human metabolism and its microbiota. Her scientific achievements are widely known: she is the recipient of the Marie E. Coates Award \\"Best lecturer-scientist\\" Gustafsson Fund, Karolinska Institutes, Stockholm, Sweden, and the International Sepsis Forum Award, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France (2014), etc. Professor N.V. Beloborodova wrote 210 papers, five books, 10 chapters and has edited four books.',institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null},{id:"354260",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Tércio Elyan",middleName:"Azevedo",surname:"Azevedo Martins",slug:"tercio-elyan-azevedo-martins",fullName:"Tércio Elyan Azevedo Martins",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/354260/images/16241_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated in Pharmacy from the Federal University of Ceará with the modality in Industrial Pharmacy, Specialist in Production and Control of Medicines from the University of São Paulo (USP), Master in Pharmaceuticals and Medicines from the University of São Paulo (USP) and Doctor of Science in the program of Pharmaceuticals and Medicines by the University of São Paulo. Professor at Universidade Paulista (UNIP) in the areas of chemistry, cosmetology and trichology. Assistant Coordinator of the Higher Course in Aesthetic and Cosmetic Technology at Universidade Paulista Campus Chácara Santo Antônio. Experience in the Pharmacy area, with emphasis on Pharmacotechnics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Development of Cosmetics, acting mainly on topics such as cosmetology, antioxidant activity, aesthetics, photoprotection, cyclodextrin and thermal analysis.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Sao Paulo",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"334285",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Sameer",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Jagirdar",slug:"sameer-jagirdar",fullName:"Sameer Jagirdar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/334285/images/14691_n.jpg",biography:"I\\'m a graduate student at the center for biosystems science and engineering at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. I am interested in studying host-pathogen interactions at the biomaterial interface.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"329248",title:"Dr.",name:"Md. Faheem",middleName:null,surname:"Haider",slug:"md.-faheem-haider",fullName:"Md. Faheem Haider",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329248/images/system/329248.jpg",biography:"Dr. Md. Faheem Haider completed his BPharm in 2012 at Integral University, Lucknow, India. In 2014, he completed his MPharm with specialization in Pharmaceutics at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India. He received his Ph.D. degree from Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India, in 2018. He was selected for the GPAT six times and his best All India Rank was 34. Currently, he is an assistant professor at Integral University. Previously he was an assistant professor at IIMT University, Meerut, India. He has experience teaching DPharm, Pharm.D, BPharm, and MPharm students. He has more than five publications in reputed journals to his credit. Dr. Faheem’s research area is the development and characterization of nanoformulation for the delivery of drugs to various organs.",institutionString:"Integral University",institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"329795",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohd Aftab",middleName:"Aftab",surname:"Siddiqui",slug:"mohd-aftab-siddiqui",fullName:"Mohd Aftab Siddiqui",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329795/images/system/329795.png",biography:"Dr. Mohd Aftab Siddiqui is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India, where he obtained a Ph.D. in Pharmacology in 2020. He also obtained a BPharm and MPharm from the same university in 2013 and 2015, respectively. His area of research is the pharmacological screening of herbal drugs/natural products in liver cancer and cardiac diseases. He is a member of many professional bodies and has guided many MPharm and PharmD research projects. Dr. Siddiqui has many national and international publications and one German patent to his credit.",institutionString:"Integral University",institution:null}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"93",type:"subseries",title:"Inclusivity and Social Equity",keywords:"Social Contract, SDG, Human Rights, Inclusiveness, Equity, Democracy, Personal Learning, Collaboration, Glocalization",scope:"
\r\n\tThis topic is dedicated to the efforts and promotion of UNESCO SDG4, the UNESCO initiative on the future of education, and the need for a new social contract for education. It aims to disseminate knowledge on policies, strategies, methods, and technologies that increase the resilience and sustainability of the development of the future of education and the new social contract for education. It will also consider the global challenges such as globalization, demographic change, digital transformation, climate change, environment and the social pillars of sustainable development.
\r\n
\r\n\tResponses to the pandemic and the widespread discontent that preceded it must be based on a new social contract and a New Global Deal for education that ensures equal opportunities for all and respects all people’s rights and freedoms (UNESCO; 2021). Such a new social contract, as proposed by UNESCO, must be based on the general principles underlying human rights - inclusion and equality, cooperation and solidarity, and collective responsibility and interconnectedness - and be guided by the following fundamental principle: Ensure that everyone has access to quality education throughout their lives.
\r\n
\r\n\tWe face the dual challenge of delivering on the unfulfilled promise of ensuring the right to quality education for every child, youth, and adult, as well as fully realizing the transformative potential of education as a pathway to a more sustainable collective future. To achieve this, we need a new social contract for education that eliminates inequities while transforming the future. This new social contract must be based on human rights and the principles of non-discrimination, social justice, respect for life, human dignity, and cultural diversity. It must include an ethic of care, reciprocity and solidarity. The new social contract builds on inclusiveness, equity, lifelong learning, SDG, collaboration and personal learning in a global context for democracy.
\r\n
\r\n\tAt an international level, the adoption of the Open Educational Resources recommendation and the Open Science recommendation represents an important step towards building more open and inclusive knowledge societies as well as the achievement of the UN 2030 Agenda. Indeed, implementing the recommendations will help to achieve at least five more Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that are intertwined with the topic of this book series, namely SDG 5 (Gender equality), SDG 9 (Industry, innovation and infrastructure), SDG 10 (Reduced inequalities within and across countries), SDG 16 (Peace, justice and strong institutions) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the goals).
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/93.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!1,hasPublishedBooks:!1,annualVolume:11977,editor:{id:"210060",title:"Prof. Dr.",name:"Ebba",middleName:null,surname:"Ossiannilsson",slug:"ebba-ossiannilsson",fullName:"Ebba Ossiannilsson",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6LkBQAU/Profile_Picture_2022-02-28T13:31:48.png",biography:"Professor Dr. Ebba Ossiannilsson is an independent researcher, expert, consultant, quality auditor and influencer in the fields of open, flexible online and distance learning (OFDL) and the 'new normal'. Her focus is on quality, innovation, leadership, and personalised learning. She works primarily at the strategic and policy levels, both nationally and internationally, and with key international organisations. She is committed to promoting and improving OFDL in the context of SDG4 and the future of education. Ossiannilsson has more than 20 years of experience in her current field, but more than 40 years in the education sector. She works as a reviewer and expert for the European Commission and collaborates with the Joint Research Centre for Quality in Open Education. Ossiannilsson also collaborates with ITCILO and ICoBC (International Council on Badges and Credentials). She is a member of the ICDE Board of Directors and has previously served on the boards of EDEN and EUCEN. Ossiannilsson is a quality expert and reviewer for ICDE, EDEN and the EADTU. She chairs the ICDE OER Advocacy Committee and is a member of the ICDE Quality Network. She is regularly invited as a keynote speaker at conferences. She is a guest editor for several special issues and a member of the editorial board of several scientific journals. She has published more than 200 articles and is currently working on book projects in the field of OFDL. Ossiannilsson is a visiting professor at several international universities and was recently appointed Professor and Research Fellow at Victoria University of Wellington, NZ. Ossiannilsson has been awarded the following fellowships: EDEN Fellows, EDEN Council of Fellows, and Open Education Europe. She is a ICDE OER Ambassador, Open Education Europe Ambassador, GIZ Ambassador for Quality in Digital Learning, and part of the Globe-Community of Digital Learning and Champion of SPARC Europe. On a national level, she is a quality developer at the Swedish Institute for Standards (SIS) and for ISO. She is a member of the Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition Sweden and Vice President of the Swedish Association for Distance Education. She is currently working on a government initiative on quality in distance education at the National Council for Higher Education. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Oulu, Finland.",institutionString:"Swedish Association for Distance Education, Sweden",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",issn:"2753-6580"},editorialBoard:[{id:"320585",title:"Dr.",name:"Deborah",middleName:null,surname:"Young",slug:"deborah-young",fullName:"Deborah Young",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002vZLcTQAW/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T08:30:47.jpg",institutionString:"Empowering Communities Globally, United States of America",institution:null},{id:"348038",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Feyza",middleName:null,surname:"Bhatti",slug:"feyza-bhatti",fullName:"Feyza Bhatti",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/348038/images/system/348038.jpg",institutionString:"Girne American University, Cyprus",institution:{name:"Girne American University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Cyprus"}}},{id:"302382",title:"Dr.",name:"Gina",middleName:null,surname:"Alvarado",slug:"gina-alvarado",fullName:"Gina Alvarado",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002mZoL9QAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-26T08:14:10.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Landesa Rural Development Institute",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"128665",title:"Prof.",name:"Man-Chung",middleName:null,surname:"Chiu",slug:"man-chung-chiu",fullName:"Man-Chung Chiu",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bR9OrQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-03-09T08:36:59.JPG",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Beijing Normal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{id:"82754",title:"Impact of Revegetation on Ecological Restoration of a Constructed Soil in a Coal Mining in Southern Brazil",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105895",signatures:"Lizete Stumpf, Maria Bertaso De Garcia Fernandez, Pablo Miguel, Luiz Fernando Spinelli Pinto, Ryan Noremberg Schubert, Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho, Tania Hipolito Montiel, Lucas Da Silva Barbosa, Jeferson Diego Leidemer and Thábata Barbosa Duarte",slug:"impact-of-revegetation-on-ecological-restoration-of-a-constructed-soil-in-a-coal-mining-in-southern-",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82828",title:"Vegetation and Avifauna Distribution in the Serengeti National Park",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106165",signatures:"Ally K. Nkwabi and Pius Y. Kavana",slug:"vegetation-and-avifauna-distribution-in-the-serengeti-national-park",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82808",title:"Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impacts on the Ecosystem of the Transgressive Mud Coastal Region of Bight of Benin, Nigeria",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105760",signatures:"Patrick O. Ayeku",slug:"climate-change-and-anthropogenic-impacts-on-the-ecosystem-of-the-transgressive-mud-coastal-region-of",totalDownloads:8,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82525",title:"Perspective Chapter: Daphnia magna as a Potential Indicator of Reservoir Water Quality - Current Status and Perspectives Focused in Ecotoxicological Classes Regarding the Risk Prediction",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105768",signatures:"Sara Rodrigues, Ivo Pinto, Sandra Nogueira and Sara C. Antunes",slug:"perspective-chapter-daphnia-magna-as-a-potential-indicator-of-reservoir-water-quality-current-status",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Limnology - The Importance of Monitoring and Correlations of Lentic and Lotic Waters",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11662.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82697",title:"Analyzing the Evolution of Land-Use Changes Related to Vegetation, in the Galicia Region, Spain: From 1990 to 2018",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106015",signatures:"Sérgio Lousada and José Manuel Naranjo Gómez",slug:"analyzing-the-evolution-of-land-use-changes-related-to-vegetation-in-the-galicia-region-spain-from-1",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"José Manuel",surname:"Naranjo Gómez"},{name:"Sérgio",surname:"Lousada"}],book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82563",title:"Impacts of Human Activities on the High Mountain Landscape of the Tatras (Example of the Border Area of the High and Belianske Tatras, Slovakia)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105601",signatures:"Veronika Piscová, Juraj Hreško, Michal Ševčík and Terézia Slobodová",slug:"impacts-of-human-activities-on-the-high-mountain-landscape-of-the-tatras-example-of-the-border-area-",totalDownloads:14,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82362",title:"Studies on the Short-Term Effects of the Cease of Pesticides Use on Vineyard Microbiome",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105706",signatures:"Simona Ghiță, Mihaela Hnatiuc, Aurora Ranca, Victoria Artem and Mădălina-Andreea Ciocan",slug:"studies-on-the-short-term-effects-of-the-cease-of-pesticides-use-on-vineyard-microbiome",totalDownloads:19,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"82297",title:"The Climate Change-Agriculture Nexus in Drylands of Ethiopia",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103905",signatures:"Zenebe Mekonnen",slug:"the-climate-change-agriculture-nexus-in-drylands-of-ethiopia",totalDownloads:30,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}},{id:"81999",title:"Climate Change, Rural Livelihoods, and Human Well-Being: Experiences from Kenya",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104965",signatures:"André J. Pelser and Rujeko Samanthia Chimukuche",slug:"climate-change-rural-livelihoods-and-human-well-being-experiences-from-kenya",totalDownloads:32,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Vegetation Dynamics, Changing Ecosystems and Human Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11663.jpg",subseries:{id:"40",title:"Ecosystems and Biodiversity"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10843",title:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)",subtitle:"Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10843.jpg",slug:"persistent-organic-pollutants-pops-monitoring-impact-and-treatment",publishedDate:"April 13th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",hash:"f5b1589f0a990b6114fef2dadc735dd9",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) - Monitoring, Impact and Treatment",editors:[{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",middleName:null,surname:"Rashed",slug:"mohamed-nageeb-rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63465/images/system/63465.gif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Aswan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:18,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:122,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:21,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",issn:"2631-5343",scope:"Biomedical Engineering is one of the fastest-growing interdisciplinary branches of science and industry. The combination of electronics and computer science with biology and medicine has improved patient diagnosis, reduced rehabilitation time, and helped to facilitate a better quality of life. Nowadays, all medical imaging devices, medical instruments, or new laboratory techniques result from the cooperation of specialists in various fields. The series of Biomedical Engineering books covers such areas of knowledge as chemistry, physics, electronics, medicine, and biology. This series is intended for doctors, engineers, and scientists involved in biomedical engineering or those wanting to start working in this field.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/7.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 3rd, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfPublishedBooks:12,editor:{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",biography:"Robert Koprowski, MD (1997), PhD (2003), Habilitation (2015), is an employee of the University of Silesia, Poland, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems. For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},subseries:[{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",keywords:"Biomedical Data, Drug Discovery, Clinical Diagnostics, Decoding Human Genome, AI in Personalized Medicine, Disease-prevention Strategies, Big Data Analysis in Medicine",scope:"Bioinformatics aims to help understand the functioning of the mechanisms of living organisms through the construction and use of quantitative tools. The applications of this research cover many related fields, such as biotechnology and medicine, where, for example, Bioinformatics contributes to faster drug design, DNA analysis in forensics, and DNA sequence analysis in the field of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is a type of medical care in which treatment is customized individually for each patient. Personalized medicine enables more effective therapy, reduces the costs of therapy and clinical trials, and also minimizes the risk of side effects. Nevertheless, advances in personalized medicine would not have been possible without bioinformatics, which can analyze the human genome and other vast amounts of biomedical data, especially in genetics. The rapid growth of information technology enabled the development of new tools to decode human genomes, large-scale studies of genetic variations and medical informatics. The considerable development of technology, including the computing power of computers, is also conducive to the development of bioinformatics, including personalized medicine. In an era of rapidly growing data volumes and ever lower costs of generating, storing and computing data, personalized medicine holds great promises. Modern computational methods used as bioinformatics tools can integrate multi-scale, multi-modal and longitudinal patient data to create even more effective and safer therapy and disease prevention methods. Main aspects of the topic are: Applying bioinformatics in drug discovery and development; Bioinformatics in clinical diagnostics (genetic variants that act as markers for a condition or a disease); Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in personalized medicine; Customize disease-prevention strategies in personalized medicine; Big data analysis in personalized medicine; Translating stratification algorithms into clinical practice of personalized medicine.",annualVolume:11403,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/7.jpg",editor:{id:"351533",title:"Dr.",name:"Slawomir",middleName:null,surname:"Wilczynski",fullName:"Slawomir Wilczynski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035U1loQAC/Profile_Picture_1630074514792",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Medical University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"5886",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandros",middleName:"T.",surname:"Tzallas",fullName:"Alexandros Tzallas",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/5886/images/system/5886.png",institutionString:"University of Ioannina, Greece & Imperial College London",institution:{name:"University of Ioannina",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},{id:"257388",title:"Distinguished Prof.",name:"Lulu",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Lulu Wang",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRX6kQAG/Profile_Picture_1630329584194",institutionString:"Shenzhen Technology University",institution:{name:"Shenzhen Technology University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/225387/images/system/225387.jpg",institutionString:"Assiut University",institution:{name:"Assiut University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]},{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',annualVolume:11404,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Uberlândia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"49517",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunashima",fullName:"Hitoshi Tsunashima",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTP4QAO/Profile_Picture_1625819726528",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nihon University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"425354",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcus",middleName:"Fraga",surname:"Vieira",fullName:"Marcus Vieira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003BJSgIQAX/Profile_Picture_1627904687309",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Goiás",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"196746",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramana",middleName:null,surname:"Vinjamuri",fullName:"Ramana Vinjamuri",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196746/images/system/196746.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institution:{name:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",annualVolume:11405,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"35539",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Cristea",fullName:"Cecilia Cristea",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYQ65QAG/Profile_Picture_1621007741527",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"40735",title:"Dr.",name:"Gil",middleName:"Alberto Batista",surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Gil Gonçalves",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYRLGQA4/Profile_Picture_1628492612759",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"211725",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Johann F.",middleName:null,surname:"Osma",fullName:"Johann F. Osma",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDv7QAG/Profile_Picture_1626602531691",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad de Los Andes",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Colombia"}}},{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",middleName:null,surname:"Valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/69697/images/system/69697.jpg",institutionString:"Religen Inc. | A Life Science Company, United States of America",institution:null},{id:"205081",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:"Vinícius",surname:"Chaud",fullName:"Marco Chaud",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDGeQAO/Profile_Picture_1622624307737",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade de Sorocaba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/14908",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"14908"},fullPath:"/chapters/14908",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()