\\n\\n
IntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\\n\\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\\n\\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\\n\\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\\n\\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\\n\\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\\n\\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\\n\\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\\n\\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"",originalUrl:"/media/original/237"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
After years of being acknowledged as the world's leading publisher of Open Access books, today, we are proud to announce we’ve successfully launched a portfolio of Open Science journals covering rapidly expanding areas of interdisciplinary research.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\n\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\n\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\n\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\n\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\n\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\n\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\n\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\n\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"},{slug:"intechopen-identified-as-one-of-the-most-significant-contributor-to-oa-book-growth-in-doab-20210809",title:"IntechOpen Identified as One of the Most Significant Contributors to OA Book Growth in DOAB"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"10896",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Integrative Advances in Rice Research",title:"Integrative Advances in Rice Research",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book describes some recent advances in rice research in terms of crop breeding and improvement (Section 1), crop production and protection (Section 2), and crop quality control and food processing (Section 3). It contains fourteen chapters that cover such topics as two-line rice breeding in India, the different aspects of aromatic rice, bacterial diseases of rice, quality control and breeding strategies, and much more. This volume is a useful reference for professionals and graduate students working in all areas of rice science and technology.",isbn:"978-1-83969-600-8",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-599-5",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-601-5",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95205",price:139,priceEur:155,priceUsd:179,slug:"integrative-advances-in-rice-research",numberOfPages:342,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"47659401ffe512c28313440110c0a903",bookSignature:"Min Huang",publishedDate:"January 26th 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10896.jpg",numberOfDownloads:2434,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:2,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:3,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:5,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 26th 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"March 26th 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"May 25th 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"August 13th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"October 12th 2021",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"189829",title:"Dr.",name:"Min",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",slug:"min-huang",fullName:"Min Huang",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189829/images/system/189829.JPG",biography:"Dr. Min Huang received his bachelor’s degree in Biological Science from Zhejiang Normal University, China in 2005, and obtained his master’s degree and Ph.D. in Crop Cultivation and Farming System from Guangxi University (GXU) and Hunan Agricultural University (HNAU), China in 2008 and 2011, respectively. He successively held the positions of assistant and associate Professor in the Department of Agronomy at GXU from 2012 to 2014. He joined the faculty in the Department of Agronomy at HNAU as an associate professor in 2015 and was promoted to the position of professor in 2017. He served as a visiting fellow at the International Programs-College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, USA in 2017 and 2018.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:null,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Hunan Agricultural University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"29",title:"Agronomy",slug:"agronomy"}],chapters:[{id:"79076",title:"Progress and Prospects of Two Line Rice Breeding in India",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99545",slug:"progress-and-prospects-of-two-line-rice-breeding-in-india",totalDownloads:125,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Increasing the yield potential through hybrid rice technology was very well proved in nearby countries. Three line hybrid rice technology is encounted with some of the difficulties in seed production. Identification of Environmentally influenced male sterility overcomes the problem encountered in seed production since it is regulated by the temperature it is called temperature regulated male sterility and hybrids produced using this line is called two line rice hybrids. Types of male sterility and methods to identify the new TGMS lines and breeding methods employed for producing the tgms lines were described. Characterization of tgms lines by both conventional method and molecular tools has been enumerated. Seed multiplication of tgms under fertility inducing environment and seed production of two line hybrids has been explained. Seed production location was exclusively identified for seed multiplication of tgms lines. Heterotic potential of two line rice hybrids has been studied. Future prospectes in tgms research and two line heterotic potential was explained for increasing the yield potential in rice.",signatures:"Manonmani Swaminathan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/79076",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/79076",authors:[{id:"328249",title:"Dr.",name:"Manonmani",surname:"Swaminathan",slug:"manonmani-swaminathan",fullName:"Manonmani Swaminathan"}],corrections:null},{id:"77895",title:"Rice Aroma: Biochemical, Genetics and Molecular Aspects and Its Extraction and Quantification Methods",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98913",slug:"rice-aroma-biochemical-genetics-and-molecular-aspects-and-its-extraction-and-quantification-methods",totalDownloads:218,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Aroma in rice is unique and a superior grain quality trait, varieties especially Basmati and Jasmine-type are fetching a high export price in the International markets. Among the identified volatile aroma compounds, 2AP (2 acetyl-1-pyrroline) is believed to be the distinctive biochemical compound contributing the flavor in rice. Genetically, aroma in rice arises by the phenotypic expression of spontaneous recessive mutations of the OsBadh2 gene (also known as fgr/badh2 /osbadh2/os2AP gene) which was mapped on chromosome 8. An 8-bp deletion in the exon 7 of this gene was reported to result in truncation of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenease enzyme whose loss-of-function lead to the accumulation of a major aromatic compound (2AP) in fragrant rice. Among the different sampling methods and analytical techniques for the extraction and quantification of scentedness, simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) is traditional and normalized, whereas solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) are new, very simple, rapid, efficient and most importantly solvent-free methods. These methods are coupled with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and/or Gas chromatography olfactometry (GC-O) and also with sensory evaluation for readily examining 2AP compound found in rice. The major factor affecting the aroma in rice was their genetic makeup. However, the aroma quality may be differed due to different planting, pre-harvest and postharvest handling and storage. For a more extensive elucidation of all effective and fundamental factors contributing to fragrance, it is essential to explore target quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and their inheritance and locations.",signatures:"Nirubana Varatharajan, Deepika Chandra Sekaran, Karthikeyan Murugan and Vanniarajan Chockalingam",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/77895",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/77895",authors:[{id:"337139",title:"Prof.",name:"Vanniarajan",surname:"Chockalingam",slug:"vanniarajan-chockalingam",fullName:"Vanniarajan Chockalingam"},{id:"352266",title:"Dr.",name:"Nirubana",surname:"Varatharajan",slug:"nirubana-varatharajan",fullName:"Nirubana Varatharajan"},{id:"420287",title:"Ms.",name:"Deepika",surname:"Chandra Sekaran",slug:"deepika-chandra-sekaran",fullName:"Deepika Chandra Sekaran"},{id:"420288",title:"Mr.",name:"Karthikeyan",surname:"Murugan",slug:"karthikeyan-murugan",fullName:"Karthikeyan Murugan"}],corrections:null},{id:"78726",title:"Aromatic Rice of India: It’s Types and Breeding Strategies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99232",slug:"aromatic-rice-of-india-it-s-types-and-breeding-strategies",totalDownloads:127,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The coalescence of organoleptic traits viz., pleasant aroma, cooked rice texture, and taste make aromatic rice unique and distinguished from non-aromatic rice. Aromatic rice is cultivated in every rice growing country; with each country has its own indigenous collection. International trade of rice is dominated by Indica (long grained), Japonica (short grained), aromatic rice (Basmati and Jasmine) and glutinous rice; amidst which, Basmati types from India and Pakistan; and Jasmine types from Thailand have phenomenal demand. In India all types of aromatic rice are cultivated based on Kernel length; short, medium, long and very long grained. Basmati varieties own the major market, while other types of aromatic rice besides Basmati are popular in local market only. The country inherits rich diversity of aromatic rice germplasm; with more than 300 different types, each of the rice growing states of India has its own locally popular aromatic rice varieties. India a country where two third of its population consume rice as part of their daily food; aromatic rice always remain their favorite. Basmati, by virtue of its excellent qualities it dominates both national and international market. Every year, Basmati ranks first in respect of foreign exchange earned from the export of agricultural products from India (APEDA). The phenomenal demand and export figures have augmented Basmati Breeding program. However, only few aromatic varieties are cultivated depending on their demand, and their breeding program is also limited. In India, Basmati has over-shadowed other types of aromatic rice in market and in plant breeding programs too. Breeding for Basmati varieties is undertaken by prime agricultural institutions of India. The country regulates quality standards and development of Basmati varieties with the help of Export of Basmati Rice (Quality Control and Inspection) Rules 2003; Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA); and Basmati Export Development Foundation (BEDF). However, no such initiatives have been taken to promote the development of other aromatic rice varieties of India besides Basmati.",signatures:"Aarti Sharma, Sandhya , Akanksha Srivastava, Snehanshu Singh, Subhash Mishra, Shiva Mohan, Chhavi , Akanksha Singh, Avinash Kumar Singh and Hemant Kumar Jaiswal",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/78726",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/78726",authors:[{id:"353611",title:"Dr.",name:"Aarti",surname:"Sharma",slug:"aarti-sharma",fullName:"Aarti Sharma"},{id:"436028",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandhaya",surname:null,slug:"sandhaya",fullName:"Sandhaya null"},{id:"436029",title:"Dr.",name:"Akanksha",surname:"Srivastava",slug:"akanksha-srivastava",fullName:"Akanksha Srivastava"},{id:"436030",title:"Dr.",name:"Snehanshu",surname:"Singh",slug:"snehanshu-singh",fullName:"Snehanshu Singh"},{id:"436031",title:"Dr.",name:"Subhash",surname:"Mishra",slug:"subhash-mishra",fullName:"Subhash Mishra"},{id:"436032",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Shiva",surname:"Mohan",slug:"shiva-mohan",fullName:"Shiva Mohan"},{id:"436034",title:"Dr.",name:"Chhavi",surname:null,slug:"chhavi",fullName:"Chhavi null"},{id:"436035",title:"Prof.",name:"Akanksha",surname:"Singh",slug:"akanksha-singh",fullName:"Akanksha Singh"},{id:"436037",title:"Dr.",name:"Avinash Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"avinash-kumar-singh",fullName:"Avinash Kumar Singh"},{id:"436040",title:"Prof.",name:"Hemant Kumar",surname:"Jaiswal",slug:"hemant-kumar-jaiswal",fullName:"Hemant Kumar Jaiswal"}],corrections:null},{id:"77558",title:"Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice: Insight in Climate Change Scenario",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98909",slug:"abiotic-stress-tolerance-in-rice-insight-in-climate-change-scenario",totalDownloads:131,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Rice, world’s second major, staple cereal crop that feed the more than 50% of world’s population. To safeguard the production and to fulfill the demand of ever the increasing population and urbanization there is need to increase the rice production. Though the rice yield has increased due to the development of modern technology and climate resilient high yielding cultivars but still it is 10–15 per cent lower than its potential yield due to various biotic and abiotic stress. Drought, extreme temperature, salinity, harmful radiation, heavy metals, gaseous pollutants are the most detrimental abiotic stresses factors that cause the morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in the rice crops and ultimate result is the reduction of rice production globally. Tolerance against these stresses through exploitation of potent biotechnological tools, molecular markers, QTL mapping omices approaches, phytohormones which could offer a more adequate and rapid solution to overcome these abiotic stresses and to enhance the ultimate grain yield of rice.",signatures:"Manoj Kumar, Sandhya, Pawan Kumar, Akash Gaurav Singh and Aravind Kumar Jukanti",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/77558",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/77558",authors:[{id:"328488",title:"Dr.",name:"Dr Manoj",surname:"Kumar",slug:"dr-manoj-kumar",fullName:"Dr Manoj Kumar"},{id:"350988",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandhya",surname:"Kulhari",slug:"sandhya-kulhari",fullName:"Sandhya Kulhari"},{id:"414810",title:"Dr.",name:"Pawan",surname:"Kumar",slug:"pawan-kumar",fullName:"Pawan Kumar"},{id:"423316",title:"Dr.",name:"Aravind Kumar",surname:"Jukanti",slug:"aravind-kumar-jukanti",fullName:"Aravind Kumar Jukanti"},{id:"423317",title:"Dr.",name:"Akash Gaurav",surname:"Singh",slug:"akash-gaurav-singh",fullName:"Akash Gaurav Singh"}],corrections:null},{id:"78738",title:"Understanding the Responses, Mechanism and Development of Salinity Stress Tolerant Cultivars in Rice",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99233",slug:"understanding-the-responses-mechanism-and-development-of-salinity-stress-tolerant-cultivars-in-rice",totalDownloads:76,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Rice is the most important staple food crop of much of the world’s population. Production and consumption of rice is higher in Asia but adverse environmental conditions critically threaten the rice production. Soil salinity has been a key abiotic constraint affecting the crop production by reducing growth, development and yield of the plant. Rice is highly sensitive to salinity specifically at the early vegetative and late reproductive stages. Therefore, studying the responses of crop at the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular level is an effective strategy. Understanding the mechanisms behind the salinity such as osmotic stress and osmolytes, ion exclusion, inclusion and compartmentation, antioxidant response and hormonal regulation. Different screening strategies such as phenotypic and genotypic screening for rice under salinity and select the salt tolerant lines. Using the conventional and molecular breeding approaches is a prerequisite for its effective management and to develop salt tolerant cultivars in rice.",signatures:"Sathees Nagarajan, Nirubana Varatharajan and Renganathan Vellaichamy Gandhimeyyan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/78738",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/78738",authors:[{id:"417735",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Sathees",surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"sathees-nagarajan",fullName:"Sathees Nagarajan"},{id:"418920",title:"Dr.",name:"Nirubana",surname:"Varatharajan",slug:"nirubana-varatharajan",fullName:"Nirubana Varatharajan"}],corrections:null},{id:"77255",title:"Breeding Rice for Sustainable Bioenergy Production",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98572",slug:"breeding-rice-for-sustainable-bioenergy-production",totalDownloads:108,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Bioenergy including biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has immense potential to meet growing energy demand of the ever-growing world population. Bioenergy will help to mitigate the environmental problems arising due to burning of fossil fuels. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world population and is grown in more than 100 countries. Rice straw is rich in lignocellulose and several technologies are available for efficient extraction and conversion of cellulose to ethanol. Thus, the surplus rice straw can be utilised to produce biofuel, so as to replace conventional fossil fuel sources. But it is reported that the present-day rice varieties showing high lignocellulosic straw biomass have low grain yield potential. Hence, it is important to re orient the breeding strategies for developing dual purpose rice varieties that are bioenergy efficient without compromising grain yield.",signatures:"Manasi Dash, Abinash Mishra and Mahendra Kumar Mohanty",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/77255",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/77255",authors:[{id:"352180",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manasi",surname:"Dash",slug:"manasi-dash",fullName:"Manasi Dash"},{id:"356270",title:"Mr.",name:"Abinash",surname:"Mishra",slug:"abinash-mishra",fullName:"Abinash Mishra"}],corrections:null},{id:"78153",title:"Rice Cultivation - A Way of Life for the People of North Eastern Hill Region of India",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99108",slug:"rice-cultivation-a-way-of-life-for-the-people-of-north-eastern-hill-region-of-india",totalDownloads:192,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Being an amazing picturesque of land, the North Eastern Hill Region of India, consisting of more than 200 ethnic groups, has only about 2.27% of the total rice area and shares only 1.96% of the total rice production in the country. Whether profitable or not, the rice cultivation is a way of life for the people of North Eastern Hill Region of India. Till today, the production and productivity of rice in this region is below the national average because of its fragile ecosystem and the varied physio-graphic conditions pertaining to this region. Neither the wider recommendation of agricultural technology such as variety nor the use of a single technology or variety can solve this problem of low yield. However, the development of location specific high yielding rice variety using the existing land races prevalent in the area can be one of the promising technique for improving the production and productivity of rice cultivation in this region.",signatures:"Noren Singh Konjengbam, Mayurakshee Mahanta and Andrean Allwin Lyngdoh",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/78153",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/78153",authors:[{id:"354031",title:"Prof.",name:"Noren Singh",surname:"Konjengbam",slug:"noren-singh-konjengbam",fullName:"Noren Singh Konjengbam"},{id:"422431",title:"Ms.",name:"Mayurakshee",surname:"Mahanta",slug:"mayurakshee-mahanta",fullName:"Mayurakshee Mahanta"},{id:"422432",title:"Mr.",name:"Andrean",surname:"Lyngdoh",slug:"andrean-lyngdoh",fullName:"Andrean Lyngdoh"}],corrections:null},{id:"77744",title:"Rainfed Rice Farming Production Constrains and Prospects, the Kenyan Situation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98389",slug:"rainfed-rice-farming-production-constrains-and-prospects-the-kenyan-situation",totalDownloads:197,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Kenya experiences huge production-consumption deficit in relation to rice. This is due to changing eating habits that has adopted more rice in the menu and rapidly rising population. Rice production has remained low being unable to meet consumption. Rice ecosystems in Kenya include irrigated, rainfed lowland and rainfed upland. Irrigated ecosystem has over the years been given more emphasis despite rainfed rice farming having double the potential over irrigation system. Ecologically rice grows well in abundant water supply, warm to high temperatures and in Clay sandy to loamy soils with slightly acidic to neutral pH. Rice varieties grown in Kenya are mainly traditional, introduced improved, hybrids and landraces. Rainfed rice farming faces constraint’s key among them being; drought and erratic rainfall, weeds, pest and diseases, cheap imports, land ownership and poor infrastructure. Mitigating against drought and erratic rainfall, improving farm inputs and equipment, increasing germplasm production and distribution, credit support and marketing to farmers, improving farmers skills through technological transfers and infrastructural development are prospects that if adopted could increase rainfed rice productivity. More attention towards improvement of rainfed rice farming could greatly contribute to bridging the production-consumption deficit that is bridged through imports. It is with this, that this review updates our understanding of rain fed rice farming in Kenya in terms of ecological conditions, ecological systems, varieties, constraints and prospects.",signatures:"Al-Imran Dianga, Ruth N. Musila and Kamau W. Joseph",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/77744",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/77744",authors:[{id:"354975",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Al-Imran",surname:"Dianga",slug:"al-imran-dianga",fullName:"Al-Imran Dianga"},{id:"418473",title:"Dr.",name:"Ruth N.",surname:"Musila",slug:"ruth-n.-musila",fullName:"Ruth N. Musila"},{id:"418475",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamau W.",surname:"Joseph",slug:"kamau-w.-joseph",fullName:"Kamau W. Joseph"}],corrections:null},{id:"77503",title:"Rice Blast Disease in India: Present Status and Future Challenges",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98847",slug:"rice-blast-disease-in-india-present-status-and-future-challenges",totalDownloads:391,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of the majority of Indians, and India is both the major producer and consumer of rice. Rice cultivation in India is confronted with diverse agro-climatic conditions, varying soil types, and several biotic and abiotic constraints. Among major fungal diseases of Rice in India, the blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most devastating disease, with the neck blast being the most destructive form. Most of the blast epidemic areas in India have been identified with a mixture of races blast fungus resulting in the resistance breakdown in a short period. At present, a more significant number of the rice varieties cultivated in India were bred by conventional breeding methods with blast resistance conferred by a single resistance gene. Therefore, the blast disease in India is predominantly addressed by the use of ecologically toxic fungicides. In line with the rest of the world, the Indian scientific community has proven its role by identifying several blast resistance genes and successfully pyramiding multiple blast resistance genes. Despite the wealth of information on resistance genes and the availability of biotechnology tools, not a great number of rice varieties in India harbor multiple resistance genes. In the recent past, a shift in the management of blast disease in India has been witnessed with a greater focus on basic research and modern breeding tools such as marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcross breeding, and gene pyramiding.",signatures:"Deepak Chikkaballi Annegowda, Mothukapalli Krishnareddy Prasannakumar, Hirehally Basavarajegowda Mahesh, Chethana Bangera Siddabasappa, Pramesh Devanna, Sahana Nagaraj Banakar, Haniyambadi Basavegowda Manojkumar and Siddegowda Rajendra Prasad",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/77503",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/77503",authors:[{id:"146899",title:"Dr.",name:"Prasannakumar",surname:"Mothukapalli Krishnareddy",slug:"prasannakumar-mothukapalli-krishnareddy",fullName:"Prasannakumar Mothukapalli Krishnareddy"},{id:"232540",title:"Dr.",name:"Chetana",surname:"Bangera Siddabasappa",slug:"chetana-bangera-siddabasappa",fullName:"Chetana Bangera Siddabasappa"},{id:"249681",title:"Dr.",name:"Hirehally Basavarajegowda",surname:"Mahesh",slug:"hirehally-basavarajegowda-mahesh",fullName:"Hirehally Basavarajegowda Mahesh"},{id:"249683",title:"Dr.",name:"Haniyambadi Basavegowda",surname:"Manoj Kumar",slug:"haniyambadi-basavegowda-manoj-kumar",fullName:"Haniyambadi Basavegowda Manoj Kumar"},{id:"250393",title:"Dr.",name:"Pramesh",surname:"Devanna",slug:"pramesh-devanna",fullName:"Pramesh Devanna"},{id:"356188",title:"Dr.",name:"Deepak",surname:"Chikkaballi Annegowda",slug:"deepak-chikkaballi-annegowda",fullName:"Deepak Chikkaballi Annegowda"},{id:"356194",title:"Dr.",name:"Sahana",surname:"Nagaraj Banakar",slug:"sahana-nagaraj-banakar",fullName:"Sahana Nagaraj Banakar"},{id:"419457",title:"Prof.",name:"Siddegowda",surname:"Rajendra Prasad",slug:"siddegowda-rajendra-prasad",fullName:"Siddegowda Rajendra Prasad"}],corrections:null},{id:"79212",title:"Emerging Minor Diseases of Rice in India: Losses and Management Strategies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99898",slug:"emerging-minor-diseases-of-rice-in-india-losses-and-management-strategies",totalDownloads:135,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Rice (Oryza sativa L) being one of the imperative food crops of the word contributes immensely to the food and nutritional security of India. The cultivation of rice is changed over the decades from a simple cultivation practices to the advanced cultivation to increase yield. Increased in rice yields especially after 1960s is mainly due to the introduction of high yielding semi-dwarf varieties which requires more inputs like chemical fertilizers, water and other resources. As a result, India achieved self sufficiency in rice and currently producing more than 115 MT of rice to meet country’s demand. Now India is exporting rice to other nations and earning foreign returns. With the change in rice cultivation practices, problems also aroused side by side. A number of biotic and abiotic stresses emerged as major constraints for rice cultivation in diverse agro-climatic conditions and growing ecologies. Diseases are the major biotic constraints to rice which can reduce the yields by 20–100% based on severity. Major diseases like blast, brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight and tungro still causing more damage and new minor diseases like bakanae, false smut, grain discoloration, early seedling blight, narrow brown spot, sheath rot have emerged as major problems. The losses due to these diseases may 1–100% based on the growing conditions, varietal susceptibility etc.., At present no significant source of resistance available for any of the above emerging diseases. But looking into the severity of these diseases, it is very important to address them by following integrated management practices like cultural, mechanical, biological and finally chemical control. But more emphasis has to be given to screen gerrmplasm against these diseases and identify stable source of resistance. Finally utilizing these sources in resistance breeding program by employing molecular breeding tools like marker assisted selection (MAS), marker assisted back cross breeding (MABB), gene pyramiding and transgenic tools. The present chapter discusses the importance of these emerging minor diseases of rice, the losses and possible management measures including resistance breeding.",signatures:"Raghu Shivappa, Devanna B. Navadagi, Mathew Seikholen Baite, Manoj Kumar Yadav, Prabhukarthikeyan S. Rathinam, Keerthana Umapathy, Prajna Pati and Prakash Chandra Rath",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/79212",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/79212",authors:[{id:"291843",title:"Dr.",name:"Mathew S.",surname:"Baite",slug:"mathew-s.-baite",fullName:"Mathew S. Baite"},{id:"351982",title:"Dr.",name:"Raghu",surname:"Shivappa",slug:"raghu-shivappa",fullName:"Raghu Shivappa"},{id:"428836",title:"Dr.",name:"Devanna B.",surname:"Navadagi",slug:"devanna-b.-navadagi",fullName:"Devanna B. Navadagi"},{id:"428837",title:"Dr.",name:"Manoj",surname:"Kumar Yadav",slug:"manoj-kumar-yadav",fullName:"Manoj Kumar Yadav"},{id:"428838",title:"Dr.",name:"Prabhukarthikeyan",surname:"S. Rathinam",slug:"prabhukarthikeyan-s.-rathinam",fullName:"Prabhukarthikeyan S. Rathinam"},{id:"428839",title:"Dr.",name:"Keerthana",surname:"Umapathy",slug:"keerthana-umapathy",fullName:"Keerthana Umapathy"},{id:"428840",title:"Dr.",name:"Prajna",surname:"Pati",slug:"prajna-pati",fullName:"Prajna Pati"},{id:"428841",title:"Dr.",name:"Prakash Chandra",surname:"Rath",slug:"prakash-chandra-rath",fullName:"Prakash Chandra Rath"}],corrections:null},{id:"79152",title:"Potential Role of Rice Plant Growth Promoting Phylloplane and Rhizospheric Bacteria in Controlling Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99854",slug:"potential-role-of-rice-plant-growth-promoting-phylloplane-and-rhizospheric-bacteria-in-controlling-e",totalDownloads:116,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Rice is an important cereal worldwide and it occupies the top position among the cereals in Bangladesh. Rice plant suffers from around 32 diseases of which ten are major in Bangladesh at present. Among the diseases, Bacterial Blight (BB) caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) considered as a most destructive disease occurs in both rainfed and irrigated seasons of Bangladesh. BB causes considerable yield loss varies from 30 to 50% depending on the outbreak. It is also an important disease in most of the South and Southeast Asian countries. To develop environment-friendly sustainable management approach against BB of rice, in total sixty three plant growth promoting bacteria were identified from rice phylloplane and rhizosphere that are antagonistic to X. oryzae pv. oryzae during boro and aman seasons 2018 and 2019.These bacterial species inhibited the growth of X. oryzae pv. oryzae in vitro by 20.83 to 76.19%. These bacterial isolates were identified by sequencing of PCR products of 16SrDNA belonging to the genera mostly Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Serratia. Out of these bacterial species, 48 bacterial species were found as positive for IAA production, all 63 bacterial species were found positive for siderophore production and 48 were found capable to solubilize insoluble phosphate. Based on growth inhibition of X. oryzae pv. oryzae in in vitro, thirty two bacterial species were selected for plant growth promotion assessment and evaluation of net house and field efficacy in controlling BB of rice. These bacterial species were formulated using talcum powder which was viable for at least three months post formulation. Assessment of plant growth promoting determinants revealed that all 32 bacterial species identified in this study enhance the growth of rice plants as measured by root and shoot length and and reduced the BB severity in susceptible rice cultivar significantly as compared with untreated control.",signatures:"Md. Mahfujur Rahman, Md. Mostafa Masud, Muhammad Iqbal Hossain, Nur-E-Tajkia Islam, Md. Zahangir Alam, Md. Mamunur Rashid, Mohammad Ashik Iqbal Khan, Md. Abdul Latif, Krishna Pada Halder and Md. Rashidul Islam",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/79152",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/79152",authors:[{id:"236117",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad Ashik Iqbal",surname:"Khan",slug:"mohammad-ashik-iqbal-khan",fullName:"Mohammad Ashik Iqbal Khan"},{id:"354303",title:"Prof.",name:"Md. Rashidul",surname:"Islam",slug:"md.-rashidul-islam",fullName:"Md. Rashidul Islam"},{id:"416139",title:"Mr.",name:"Md. Mahfujur",surname:"Rahman",slug:"md.-mahfujur-rahman",fullName:"Md. Mahfujur Rahman"},{id:"416140",title:"BSc.",name:"Md. Mostafa",surname:"Masud",slug:"md.-mostafa-masud",fullName:"Md. Mostafa Masud"},{id:"416141",title:"MSc.",name:"Md. Mamunur",surname:"Rashid",slug:"md.-mamunur-rashid",fullName:"Md. Mamunur Rashid"},{id:"416143",title:"MSc.",name:"Md. Zahangir",surname:"Alam",slug:"md.-zahangir-alam",fullName:"Md. Zahangir Alam"},{id:"416144",title:"Dr.",name:"Md. Abdul",surname:"Latif",slug:"md.-abdul-latif",fullName:"Md. Abdul Latif"},{id:"428244",title:"Dr.",name:"Krishna Pada",surname:"Halder",slug:"krishna-pada-halder",fullName:"Krishna Pada Halder"}],corrections:null},{id:"77638",title:"Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning: Analysis and Classification Methods of Rice",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99017",slug:"near-infrared-spectroscopy-and-machine-learning-analysis-and-classification-methods-of-rice",totalDownloads:207,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Nowadays, the conventional biochemical methods used to differentiate and characterize rice types, biochemical properties, authentication, and contamination issues are difficult to implement due to the high cost of reagents, time requirement and environmental issues. Actually, the success of agri-food technology is directly related to the quality of analysis of experimental data acquired by sensors or techniques such as the infrared-spectroscopy. To overcome these technical limitations, a rapid and non-destructive methodology for discrimination and classification of rice has been investigated. Near-infrared spectroscopy is considered as fast, clean, and non-destructive analytical tools and its spectra present significant biomolecular information that must be analysed by sophisticated methodologies. Machine learning plays an important role in the analysis of the spectral data being used several methods such as Partial Least Squares, Principal Component Analysis, Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neuronal Network, among others which can successfully be applied for food classification and discrimination as well as in terms of authentication and contamination issues. The quality control of rice is extremely important at every stage of production, beginning with estimation of raw agricultural materials and monitoring their quality during storage, estimating food quality during the production process and of the final products as well as the determination of their authenticity and the detection of adulterants.",signatures:"Pedro S. Sampaio and Carla M. Brites",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/77638",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/77638",authors:[{id:"74818",title:"Dr.",name:"Pedro S.",surname:"Sampaio",slug:"pedro-s.-sampaio",fullName:"Pedro S. Sampaio"},{id:"420271",title:"Dr.",name:"Carla M.",surname:"Brites",slug:"carla-m.-brites",fullName:"Carla M. Brites"}],corrections:null},{id:"77580",title:"Fermented Brown Rice as a Functional Food",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98840",slug:"fermented-brown-rice-as-a-functional-food",totalDownloads:217,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Brown rice, especially in a part of rice bran, contains many kinds of nutrients and biologically active components such as plant polyphenols and phytic acid, but is hard to eat. “Brown rice and rice bran fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA)” is a processed food that is easier for daily intake, commercially available, and rich in eating experience. During the fermentation process, dietary fibers is partially digested, and free vitamins and phenolic compounds have increased. These fermentation products are utilized for quality control to manage FBRA production. Recently, plant-derived polyphenols have shown anti-oxidative activity and biological function in various disease models. We and other research groups used raw powder FBRA to examine its biological activity through pathological and/or molecular biological analysis. Dietary administration of FBRA showed anti-tumorigenic effects in chemically induced tumors in rodents. Anti-inflammatory effects have been observed in DSS-induced colitis in rat and inflammation-mediated rodent tumor models. I will give an outline of the characteristic of FBRA, and then introduce our recently published work about “Preventive effect of FBRA on spontaneous type 1 diabetes in NOD female mice”, including how to estimate the in vivo effect of dietary FBRA, its possible mechanisms and the limit of this study.",signatures:"Keiko Kataoka",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/77580",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/77580",authors:[{id:"353070",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Keiko",surname:"Kataoka",slug:"keiko-kataoka",fullName:"Keiko Kataoka"}],corrections:null},{id:"79701",title:"Golden Rice, VAD, Covid and Public Health: Saving Lives and Money",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101535",slug:"golden-rice-vad-covid-and-public-health-saving-lives-and-money",totalDownloads:195,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"On July 21, 2021, Golden Rice was registered in the Philippines allowing cultivation and consumption. Research, as an intervention to combat vitamin A deficiency (VAD), started in 1991, and proof of concept for what was to become Golden Rice, was achieved in 1999. In the 1990s, 23–34% deaths globally of children less than 5 years old were caused by VAD, and in developing countries, the percentage was even higher. By 2013, progress against the Millennium Development Goals had reduced <5-y child deaths globally from VAD to about 2% of all such deaths. The progress included significant vaccination programs against measles, and better access to clean water, as well as vitamin A supplementation, all delivered through community health programs. Economic development and education about diet reduced food insecurity. In contrast to continuing VAD deaths, the Covid-19 pandemic has attracted huge political attention, including in low- and middle-income countries. Community health programs have been adversely affected by the pandemic. There is a danger that as a result VAD rates, child and maternal mortality climbs again toward 1990’s levels. Adoption of Golden Rice provides a safe, culturally simple amelioration and is costless. Other countries should seize the opportunity. Bangladesh is first in line, possibly followed by Indonesia and India.",signatures:"Adrian C. Dubock, Justus Wesseler, Robert M. Russell, Chen Chen and David Zilberman",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/79701",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/79701",authors:[{id:"440762",title:"Dr.",name:"Adrian C.",surname:"Dubock",slug:"adrian-c.-dubock",fullName:"Adrian C. Dubock"},{id:"445254",title:"Dr.",name:"Justus",surname:"Wesseler",slug:"justus-wesseler",fullName:"Justus Wesseler"},{id:"445255",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",surname:"M. Russell",slug:"robert-m.-russell",fullName:"Robert M. Russell"},{id:"445256",title:"Dr.",name:"Chen",surname:"Chen",slug:"chen-chen",fullName:"Chen Chen"},{id:"445257",title:"Dr.",name:"David",surname:"Zilberman",slug:"david-zilberman",fullName:"David Zilberman"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6776",title:"Global Wheat Production",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4a538078961a10a051b00f639173d52",slug:"global-wheat-production",bookSignature:"Shah Fahad, Abdul Basir and Muhammad Adnan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6776.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"194771",title:"Dr.",name:"Shah",surname:"Fahad",slug:"shah-fahad",fullName:"Shah Fahad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6366",title:"Rice Crop",subtitle:"Current Developments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"628970142dadbc03cfa7f6aca1e19781",slug:"rice-crop-current-developments",bookSignature:"Farooq Shah, Zafar Hayat Khan and Amjad Iqbal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6366.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"211419",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Farooq",surname:"Shah",slug:"farooq-shah",fullName:"Farooq Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6796",title:"Grasses as Food and Feed",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"447c0887d0c1c6c543d44cc4c2eaba29",slug:"grasses-as-food-and-feed",bookSignature:"Zerihun Tadele",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6796.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"176084",title:"Dr.",name:"Zerihun",surname:"Tadele",slug:"zerihun-tadele",fullName:"Zerihun Tadele"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8021",title:"Protecting Rice Grains in the Post-Genomic Era",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"da2fb173333a52251e111630fc322765",slug:"protecting-rice-grains-in-the-post-genomic-era",bookSignature:"Yulin Jia",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8021.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"168971",title:"Dr.",name:"Yulin",surname:"Jia",slug:"yulin-jia",fullName:"Yulin Jia"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6611",title:"Biological Approaches for Controlling Weeds",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"af536d9838613522ead4e0996c97a08a",slug:"biological-approaches-for-controlling-weeds",bookSignature:"Ramalingam Radhakrishnan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6611.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"219072",title:"Prof.",name:"Ramalingam",surname:"Radhakrishnan",slug:"ramalingam-radhakrishnan",fullName:"Ramalingam Radhakrishnan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8153",title:"Agronomy",subtitle:"Climate Change & Food Security",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2c01368bbeacbbedeb3681ea0c037dbe",slug:"agronomy-climate-change-food-security",bookSignature:"Amanullah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8153.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"178825",title:"Dr.",name:"Dr.",surname:"Amanullah",slug:"dr.-amanullah",fullName:"Dr. Amanullah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7552",title:"Soybean",subtitle:"Biomass, Yield and Productivity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9dc4bfbef17ec4e8b46de07238453a23",slug:"soybean-biomass-yield-and-productivity",bookSignature:"Minobu Kasai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7552.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"29226",title:"Dr.",name:"Minobu",surname:"Kasai",slug:"minobu-kasai",fullName:"Minobu Kasai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11571",title:"Cereal Grains",subtitle:"Volume 2",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2c4003ff225208126f1e2386eefa4d5a",slug:"cereal-grains-volume-2",bookSignature:"Aakash Kumar Goyal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11571.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"97604",title:"Dr.",name:"Aakash K.",surname:"Goyal",slug:"aakash-k.-goyal",fullName:"Aakash K. Goyal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9669",title:"Recent Advances in Rice Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"12b06cc73e89af1e104399321cc16a75",slug:"recent-advances-in-rice-research",bookSignature:"Mahmood-ur- Rahman Ansari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9669.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"185476",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman",surname:"Ansari",slug:"mahmood-ur-rahman-ansari",fullName:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9711",title:"Pests, Weeds and Diseases in Agricultural Crop and Animal Husbandry Production",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"12cf675f1e433135dd5bf5df7cec124f",slug:"pests-weeds-and-diseases-in-agricultural-crop-and-animal-husbandry-production",bookSignature:"Dimitrios Kontogiannatos, Anna Kourti and Kassio Ferreira Mendes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9711.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"196691",title:"Dr.",name:"Dimitrios",surname:"Kontogiannatos",slug:"dimitrios-kontogiannatos",fullName:"Dimitrios Kontogiannatos"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"80607",slug:"corrigendum-to-current-trends-in-developmental-genetics-and-phylogenetic-patterns-of-flower-symmetry",title:"Corrigendum to: Current Trends in Developmental Genetics and Phylogenetic Patterns of Flower Symmetry",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/80607.pdf\r\n",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/80607",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/80607",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/80607",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/80607",chapter:{id:"80110",slug:"current-trends-in-developmental-genetics-and-phylogenetic-patterns-of-flower-symmetry",signatures:"Renu Puri and Anjana Rustagi",dateSubmitted:"July 14th 2021",dateReviewed:"November 25th 2021",datePrePublished:"January 18th 2022",datePublished:"March 2nd 2022",book:{id:"10777",title:"Plant Reproductive Ecology",subtitle:"Recent Advances",fullTitle:"Plant Reproductive Ecology - 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First, basic conditions required for the correct determination of nanoparticle size effect; the arguments are adduced in favor of the use of number nanoparticle concentration instead of the conventional mass one. Second, the problem of invalidity of the Smoluchowski equation; for charged nanoparticles the error in zeta potential value calculated from the measured electrophoretic mobility by the Smoluchowski equation cannot be neglected. 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However, faced with the paradigm of complexity that currently dictates the dynamics of modern organizations, there is still a search for operational solutions that allow agility and flexibility to corporate information flows to meet that desired condition. In this context, the concept of data and information governance presents itself as a fundamental premise because it systematizes, reorganizes and reorients each element of the organizational system (people, processes, structures, etc.) without losing the notion of its contexts and causalities. For this, in the conceptual modelling of governance, the concept of systemism arises to support the balance between holistic and reductionist approaches, inherent in management processes, but often considered antagonistic or contradictory. The present chapter presents and discusses a data and information governance model for research and development (R&D) organizations. The model is based upon the concepts of data, information and knowledge life cycles and knowledge mapping, recovering and valuing the ontological nature of the elements of the system under analysis and constructing a pragmatic proposal for corporate application and operation.",signatures:"Ivo Pierozzi Junior, Patrícia Rocha Bello Bertin, Claudia De Laia\nMachado and Alessandra Rodrigues da Silva",authors:[{id:"198463",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Patricia",surname:"Bertin",fullName:"Patricia Bertin",slug:"patricia-bertin",email:"patricia.bertin@embrapa.br"},{id:"199840",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivo",surname:"Pierozzi Junior",fullName:"Ivo Pierozzi Junior",slug:"ivo-pierozzi-junior",email:"ivo.pierozzi@embrapa.br"},{id:"199841",title:"MSc.",name:"Claudia Regina",surname:"Delaia Machado",fullName:"Claudia Regina Delaia Machado",slug:"claudia-regina-delaia-machado",email:"claudia.delaia@embrapa.br"},{id:"199842",title:"MSc.",name:"Alessandra",surname:"Rodrigues Da Silva",fullName:"Alessandra Rodrigues Da Silva",slug:"alessandra-rodrigues-da-silva",email:"alessandra.silva@embrapa.br"}],book:{id:"5844",title:"Ontology in Information Science",slug:"ontology-in-information-science",productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume"}}}],collaborators:[{id:"119582",title:"Prof.",name:"Boris",surname:"Fomin",slug:"boris-fomin",fullName:"Boris Fomin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"175060",title:"Dr.",name:"Bohdan",surname:"Hejna",slug:"bohdan-hejna",fullName:"Bohdan Hejna",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Chemistry and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"197865",title:"Dr.",name:"Farzad",surname:"Sanati",slug:"farzad-sanati",fullName:"Farzad Sanati",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"American University of Iraq Sulaimani",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Iraq"}}},{id:"198463",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Patricia",surname:"Bertin",slug:"patricia-bertin",fullName:"Patricia Bertin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"199402",title:"Dr.",name:"Mauricio",surname:"Almeida",slug:"mauricio-almeida",fullName:"Mauricio Almeida",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"199841",title:"MSc.",name:"Claudia Regina",surname:"Delaia Machado",slug:"claudia-regina-delaia-machado",fullName:"Claudia Regina Delaia Machado",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"199842",title:"MSc.",name:"Alessandra",surname:"Rodrigues Da Silva",slug:"alessandra-rodrigues-da-silva",fullName:"Alessandra Rodrigues Da Silva",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"199879",title:"Dr.",name:"Christiano",surname:"Pessanha",slug:"christiano-pessanha",fullName:"Christiano Pessanha",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"206231",title:"MSc.",name:"Renata",surname:"Barcelos",slug:"renata-barcelos",fullName:"Renata Barcelos",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"219314",title:"Prof.",name:"Tamara",surname:"Kachanova",slug:"tamara-kachanova",fullName:"Tamara Kachanova",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null}]},generic:{page:{slug:"horizon-2020-compliance",title:"Horizon 2020 Compliance",intro:'
General requirements for Open Access to Horizon 2020 research project outputs are found within Guidelines on Open Access to Scientific Publication and Research Data in Horizon 2020. The guidelines, in their simplest form, state that if you are a Horizon 2020 recipient, you must ensure open access to your scientific publications by enabling them to be downloaded, printed and read online. Additionally, said publications must be peer reviewed.
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\n\nMetadata for all publications is also automatically deposited in IntechOpen's OAI repository, making them available through the Open Access Infrastructure for Research in Europe's (OpenAIRE) search interface further establishing our compliance.
\n\nIn other words, publishing with IntechOpen guarantees compliance.
\n\nRead more about Open Access in Horizon 2020 here.
\n\nWhich scientific publication to choose?
\n\nWhen choosing a publication, Horizon 2020 grant recipients are encouraged to provide open access to various types of scientific publications including monographs, edited books and conference proceedings.
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His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. 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The expression of phenolic compounds is promoted by biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., herbivores, pathogens, unfavorable temperature and pH, saline stress, heavy metal stress, and UVB and UVA radiation). These compounds are formed via the shikimate pathway in higher plants and microorganisms. The enzymes responsible for the regulation of phenolic metabolism are known, and shikimic acid is a central metabolite. The shikimate pathway consists of seven reaction steps, beginning with an aldol-type condensation of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) from the glycolytic pathway, and D-erythrose-4-phosphate, from the pentose phosphate cycle, to produce 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate (DAHP). A key branch-point compound is chorismic acid, the final product of the shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway is described in this chapter, as well as factors that induce the synthesis of phenolic compounds in plants. Some representative examples that show the effect of biotic and abiotic stress on the production of phenolic compounds in plants are discussed.",book:{id:"7688",slug:"plant-physiological-aspects-of-phenolic-compounds",title:"Plant Physiological Aspects of Phenolic Compounds",fullTitle:"Plant Physiological Aspects of Phenolic Compounds"},signatures:"Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez, Raúl Salas-Coronado, Beatriz Hernández-Carlos and Claudia Villanueva-Cañongo",authors:[{id:"143354",title:"Dr.",name:"Raúl",middleName:null,surname:"Salas-Coronado",slug:"raul-salas-coronado",fullName:"Raúl Salas-Coronado"},{id:"148546",title:"Dr.",name:"Norma Francenia",middleName:null,surname:"Santos-Sánchez",slug:"norma-francenia-santos-sanchez",fullName:"Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez"},{id:"193718",title:"Dr.",name:"Beatriz",middleName:null,surname:"Hernández-Carlos",slug:"beatriz-hernandez-carlos",fullName:"Beatriz Hernández-Carlos"},{id:"277799",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudia",middleName:null,surname:"Villanueva-Cañongo",slug:"claudia-villanueva-canongo",fullName:"Claudia Villanueva-Cañongo"}]},{id:"60884",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.76719",title:"Free Radicals and the Role of Plant Phytochemicals as Antioxidants Against Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases",slug:"free-radicals-and-the-role-of-plant-phytochemicals-as-antioxidants-against-oxidative-stress-related-",totalDownloads:3031,totalCrossrefCites:26,totalDimensionsCites:52,abstract:"Free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from various sources in the environment as well as from cellular processes in the body are of serious health challenges. Overwhelming levels of these free radicals disrupt the antioxidant defense system in the body thereby damaging cell membranes and cellular macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids leading to cell death or causing mutations leading to uncontrolled cell division. Once the cellular antioxidant system is disrupted and becomes deficient, oxidative stress emerges thereby promoting several diseases such as diabetes, arthrosclerosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Better management of oxidative stress requires antioxidants from external sources to supplement the body’s antioxidant defense system. Because of their natural origin and therapeutic benefits, plants have been considered as a major source of antioxidants. Certain non-enzymatic plant phytochemicals such as glutathione, polyphenols, bioflavonoids, carotenoids, hydroxycinnamates as well as some vitamins have shown to possess antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo. These plant phytochemicals are now been used in the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.",book:{id:"6794",slug:"phytochemicals-source-of-antioxidants-and-role-in-disease-prevention",title:"Phytochemicals",fullTitle:"Phytochemicals - Source of Antioxidants and Role in Disease Prevention"},signatures:"Godwill Azeh Engwa",authors:[{id:"241837",title:"Mr.",name:"Godwill Azeh",middleName:null,surname:"Engwa",slug:"godwill-azeh-engwa",fullName:"Godwill Azeh Engwa"}]},{id:"62573",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79683",title:"Introductory Chapter: Terpenes and Terpenoids",slug:"introductory-chapter-terpenes-and-terpenoids",totalDownloads:7468,totalCrossrefCites:27,totalDimensionsCites:50,abstract:null,book:{id:"6530",slug:"terpenes-and-terpenoids",title:"Terpenes and Terpenoids",fullTitle:"Terpenes and Terpenoids"},signatures:"Shagufta Perveen",authors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen"},{id:"192994",title:"Dr.",name:"Areej",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Taweel",slug:"areej-al-taweel",fullName:"Areej Al-Taweel"}]},{id:"61798",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77725",title:"Essential Oils: Market and Legislation",slug:"essential-oils-market-and-legislation",totalDownloads:2842,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:25,abstract:"This chapter provides an overview of the market for essential oils and describes its fundamental regulation in the European Union (EU). Both processes and trends in essential oils production, trade, and consumption are analysed. Growth of the market stems from consumer interest in ‘naturals’ associated with health. The market is also attractive to subsistence farmers of developing countries as the raw materials (plants and plant parts), for essential olis are generally obtained from small farms. In the EU, product categories operate under specific regulations to enhance product quality and to maintain market homogeneity and consumer protection. This chapter focuses on EU legislation of general interest to the essential oils industry and regulations inherent to flavourings for food, cosmetics, and additives for animal nutrition.",book:{id:"6385",slug:"potential-of-essential-oils",title:"Potential of Essential Oils",fullTitle:"Potential of Essential Oils"},signatures:"Cinzia Barbieri and Patrizia Borsotto",authors:[{id:"237549",title:"Prof.",name:"Cinzia",middleName:null,surname:"Barbieri",slug:"cinzia-barbieri",fullName:"Cinzia Barbieri"},{id:"246538",title:"Dr.",name:"Patrizia",middleName:null,surname:"Borsotto",slug:"patrizia-borsotto",fullName:"Patrizia Borsotto"}]},{id:"40314",doi:"10.5772/52607",title:"Soybean Meal and The Potential for Upgrading Its Feeding Value by Enzyme Supplementation",slug:"soybean-meal-and-the-potential-for-upgrading-its-feeding-value-by-enzyme-supplementation",totalDownloads:3600,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:23,abstract:null,book:{id:"3244",slug:"soybean-bio-active-compounds",title:"Soybean",fullTitle:"Soybean - Bio-Active Compounds"},signatures:"D. 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In the pharmaceutical industry, plants represent the main source to obtain various active ingredients. They exhibit pharmacological effects applicable to the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections and also chronic-degenerative diseases such as diabetes and cancer. However, the next step in science is to find new ways to obtain it. In this chapter, we discuss about the main groups of phytochemicals, in addition to presenting two case studies. One of the most important secondary metabolites is currently Taxol, which is a natural compound of the taxoid family and is also known for its antitumor activity against cancer located in breasts, lungs, and prostate and is also effective with Kaposi’s sarcoma. 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Many studies in the recent past years focused on the benefic properties of essential oils (EOs) and their major components, terpenes and terpenoids (that are mostly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), and their biological properties. This chapter focuses on terpenoids as important bioactive constituents of EOs. It describes their uses, importance, extraction processes, and classification. The chapter provides an in-depth overview of the latest findings/research about terpenoids in EOs. It contains a well-prepared background, introduction, classification, chemical tests, bioactivities, as well as the characterization of terpenoids. 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International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) Fellow, and International Emerging Infectious Diseases (IEID) Fellow, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA. Diploma of Dermatological Scientist, Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Ph.D. of Juntendo University, Japan. Bachelor’s and Master’s degree, Medicine, West China University of Medical Sciences. Chair of Sichuan Medical Association Dermatology Committee. General Secretary of The 19th Annual Meeting of Chinese Society of Dermatology and the Asia Pacific Society for Medical Mycology (2013). In charge of the Annual Medical Mycology Course over 20-years authorized by National Continue Medical Education Committee of China. Member of the board of directors of the Asia-Pacific Society for Medical Mycology (APSMM). Associate editor of Mycopathologia. Vice-chief of the editorial board of Chinses Journal of Mycology, China. 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His research focuses on biochemistry, biophysics, genetics, molecular biology, and molecular medicine with specialization in the fields of drug design, protein structure-function, protein folding, prions, microRNA, pseudogenes, molecular cancer, epigenetics, metabolites, proteomics, genomics, protein expression, and characterization by spectroscopic and calorimetric methods.",institutionString:"University of Health Sciences",institution:null},{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",biography:"Hiroyuki Kagechika received his bachelor’s degree and Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Tokyo, Japan, where he served as an associate professor until 2004. He is currently a professor at the Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU). From 2010 to 2012, he was the dean of the Graduate School of Biomedical Science. Since 2012, he has served as the vice dean of the Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences. He has been the director of the IBB since 2020. Dr. Kagechika’s major research interests are the medicinal chemistry of retinoids, vitamins D/K, and nuclear receptors. He has developed various compounds including a drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia.",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Rizwan Ahmad is a University Professor and Coordinator, Quality and Development, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Previously, he was Associate Professor of Human Function, Oman Medical College, Oman, and SBS University, Dehradun. Dr. Ahmad completed his education at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. He has published several articles in peer-reviewed journals, chapters, and edited books. His area of specialization is free radical biochemistry and autoimmune diseases.",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",biography:"Farid A. Badria, Ph.D., is a scholar of the Arab Development Fund, Kuwait; ICRO-UNESCO, Chile; and UNESCO Biotechnology France. He has submitted 47 patents, 20 of which have been granted final certificates. He has more than 250 publications, 12 books, and several marketed pharmaceutical products to his credit. He continues to lead research projects on developing new therapies for liver disease, skin disorders, and cancer. Dr. Badria was listed among the top 2% of most-cited scientists in medical and biomolecular chemistry by Stanford University in 2019 and 2020. He has received several awards including the TWAS Prize for “Public Understanding and Popularization of Science”; WIPO Gold Medal (Best Inventor); State Outstanding Award in Medicine; Outstanding Arab Scholar, Kuwait; and Khawrazmi International Award, Iran.",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",biography:"Dr. Singh received a BPharm (2003) and MPharm (2005) from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, and a Ph.D. (2013) from Punjab Technical University (PTU), Jalandhar, India. He has more than sixteen years of teaching experience and has supervised numerous postgraduate and Ph.D. students. He has to his credit more than seventy papers in SCI- and SCOPUS-indexed journals, fifty-five conference proceedings, four books, six Best Paper Awards, and five projects from different government agencies. He is currently an editorial board member of eight international journals and a reviewer for more than fifty scientific journals. He received Top Reviewer and Excellent Peer Reviewer Awards from Publons in 2016 and 2017, respectively. He is also on the panel of The International Reviewer for reviewing research proposals for grants from the Royal Society. He also serves as a Publons Academy mentor and Bentham brand ambassador.",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"142388",title:"Dr.",name:"Thiago",middleName:"Gomes",surname:"Gomes Heck",slug:"thiago-gomes-heck",fullName:"Thiago Gomes Heck",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/142388/images/7259_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"336273",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Janja",middleName:null,surname:"Zupan",slug:"janja-zupan",fullName:"Janja Zupan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/336273/images/14853_n.jpeg",biography:"Janja Zupan graduated in 2005 at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (superviser prof. dr. Janja Marc) in the field of genetics of osteoporosis. Since November 2009 she is working as a Teaching Assistant at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry. In 2011 she completed part of her research and PhD work at Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh. She finished her PhD entitled The influence of the proinflammatory cytokines on the RANK/RANKL/OPG in bone tissue of osteoporotic and osteoarthritic patients in 2012. From 2014-2016 she worked at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen as a postdoctoral research fellow on UK Arthritis research project where she gained knowledge in mesenchymal stem cells and regenerative medicine. She returned back to University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy in 2016. She is currently leading project entitled Mesenchymal stem cells-the keepers of tissue endogenous regenerative capacity facing up to aging of the musculoskeletal system funded by Slovenian Research Agency.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ljubljana",country:{name:"Slovenia"}}},{id:"357453",title:"Dr.",name:"Radheshyam",middleName:null,surname:"Maurya",slug:"radheshyam-maurya",fullName:"Radheshyam Maurya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/357453/images/16535_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Hyderabad",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"311457",title:"Dr.",name:"Júlia",middleName:null,surname:"Scherer Santos",slug:"julia-scherer-santos",fullName:"Júlia Scherer Santos",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/311457/images/system/311457.jpg",biography:"Dr. Júlia Scherer Santos works in the areas of cosmetology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical technology, beauty, and aesthetics. Dr. Santos also has experience as a professor of graduate courses. Graduated in Pharmacy, specialization in Cosmetology and Cosmeceuticals applied to aesthetics, specialization in Aesthetic and Cosmetic Health, and a doctorate in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. Teaching experience in Pharmacy and Aesthetics and Cosmetics courses. She works mainly on the following subjects: nanotechnology, cosmetology, pharmaceutical technology, aesthetics.",institutionString:"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"219081",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdulsamed",middleName:null,surname:"Kükürt",slug:"abdulsamed-kukurt",fullName:"Abdulsamed Kükürt",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRNVJQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-03-07T13:23:04.png",biography:"Dr. Kükürt graduated from Uludağ University in Turkey. He started his academic career as a Research Assistant in the Department of Biochemistry at Kafkas University. In 2019, he completed his Ph.D. program in the Department of Biochemistry at the Institute of Health Sciences. He is currently working at the Department of Biochemistry, Kafkas University. He has 27 published research articles in academic journals, 11 book chapters, and 37 papers. He took part in 10 academic projects. He served as a reviewer for many articles. He still serves as a member of the review board in many academic journals. His research interests include biochemistry, oxidative stress, reactive species, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, reproductive hormones, phenolic compounds, female infertility.",institutionString:"Kafkas University",institution:{name:"Kafkas University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"178366",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Volkan",middleName:null,surname:"Gelen",slug:"volkan-gelen",fullName:"Volkan Gelen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178366/images/system/178366.jpg",biography:"Volkan Gelen is a Physiology specialist who received his veterinary degree from Kafkas University in 2011. Between 2011-2015, he worked as an assistant at Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. In 2016, he joined Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology as an assistant professor. Dr. Gelen has been engaged in various academic activities at Kafkas University since 2016. There he completed 5 projects and has 3 ongoing projects. He has 60 articles published in scientific journals and 20 poster presentations in scientific congresses. His research interests include physiology, endocrine system, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular system diseases, and isolated organ bath system studies.",institutionString:"Kafkas University",institution:{name:"Kafkas University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"418963",title:"Dr.",name:"Augustine Ododo",middleName:"Augustine",surname:"Osagie",slug:"augustine-ododo-osagie",fullName:"Augustine Ododo Osagie",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/418963/images/16900_n.jpg",biography:"Born into the family of Osagie, a prince of the Benin Kingdom. I am currently an academic in the Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Benin. Part of the duties are to teach undergraduate students and conduct academic research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Benin",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/192992/images/system/192992.png",biography:"Prof. Shagufta Perveen is a Distinguish Professor in the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Perveen has acted as the principal investigator of major research projects funded by the research unit of King Saud University. She has more than ninety original research papers in peer-reviewed journals of international repute to her credit. She is a fellow member of the Royal Society of Chemistry UK and the American Chemical Society of the United States.",institutionString:"King Saud University",institution:{name:"King Saud University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"49848",title:"Dr.",name:"Wen-Long",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",slug:"wen-long-hu",fullName:"Wen-Long Hu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49848/images/system/49848.jpg",biography:"Wen-Long Hu is Chief of the Division of Acupuncture, Department of Chinese Medicine at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, as well as an adjunct associate professor at Fooyin University and Kaohsiung Medical University. Wen-Long is President of Taiwan Traditional Chinese Medicine Medical Association. He has 28 years of experience in clinical practice in laser acupuncture therapy and 34 years in acupuncture. He is an invited speaker for lectures and workshops in laser acupuncture at many symposiums held by medical associations. He owns the patent for herbal preparation and producing, and for the supercritical fluid-treated needle. Dr. Hu has published three books, 12 book chapters, and more than 30 papers in reputed journals, besides serving as an editorial board member of repute.",institutionString:"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital",institution:{name:"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"298472",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrey V.",middleName:null,surname:"Grechko",slug:"andrey-v.-grechko",fullName:"Andrey V. Grechko",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/298472/images/system/298472.png",biography:"Andrey Vyacheslavovich Grechko, Ph.D., Professor, is a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He graduated from the Semashko Moscow Medical Institute (Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health) with a degree in Medicine (1998), the Clinical Department of Dermatovenerology (2000), and received a second higher education in Psychology (2009). Professor A.V. Grechko held the position of Сhief Physician of the Central Clinical Hospital in Moscow. He worked as a professor at the faculty and was engaged in scientific research at the Medical University. Starting in 2013, he has been the initiator of the creation of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Intensive Care and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation, where he also serves as Director since 2015. He has many years of experience in research and teaching in various fields of medicine, is an author/co-author of more than 200 scientific publications, 13 patents, 15 medical books/chapters, including Chapter in Book «Metabolomics», IntechOpen, 2020 «Metabolomic Discovery of Microbiota Dysfunction as the Cause of Pathology».",institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null},{id:"199461",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalia V.",middleName:null,surname:"Beloborodova",slug:"natalia-v.-beloborodova",fullName:"Natalia V. Beloborodova",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/199461/images/system/199461.jpg",biography:'Natalia Vladimirovna Beloborodova was educated at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, with a degree in pediatrics in 1980, a Ph.D. in 1987, and a specialization in Clinical Microbiology from First Moscow State Medical University in 2004. She has been a Professor since 1996. Currently, she is the Head of the Laboratory of Metabolism, a division of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation. N.V. Beloborodova has many years of clinical experience in the field of intensive care and surgery. She studies infectious complications and sepsis. She initiated a series of interdisciplinary clinical and experimental studies based on the concept of integrating human metabolism and its microbiota. Her scientific achievements are widely known: she is the recipient of the Marie E. Coates Award \\"Best lecturer-scientist\\" Gustafsson Fund, Karolinska Institutes, Stockholm, Sweden, and the International Sepsis Forum Award, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France (2014), etc. Professor N.V. Beloborodova wrote 210 papers, five books, 10 chapters and has edited four books.',institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null},{id:"354260",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Tércio Elyan",middleName:"Azevedo",surname:"Azevedo Martins",slug:"tercio-elyan-azevedo-martins",fullName:"Tércio Elyan Azevedo Martins",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/354260/images/16241_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated in Pharmacy from the Federal University of Ceará with the modality in Industrial Pharmacy, Specialist in Production and Control of Medicines from the University of São Paulo (USP), Master in Pharmaceuticals and Medicines from the University of São Paulo (USP) and Doctor of Science in the program of Pharmaceuticals and Medicines by the University of São Paulo. Professor at Universidade Paulista (UNIP) in the areas of chemistry, cosmetology and trichology. Assistant Coordinator of the Higher Course in Aesthetic and Cosmetic Technology at Universidade Paulista Campus Chácara Santo Antônio. Experience in the Pharmacy area, with emphasis on Pharmacotechnics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Development of Cosmetics, acting mainly on topics such as cosmetology, antioxidant activity, aesthetics, photoprotection, cyclodextrin and thermal analysis.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Sao Paulo",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"334285",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Sameer",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Jagirdar",slug:"sameer-jagirdar",fullName:"Sameer Jagirdar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/334285/images/14691_n.jpg",biography:"I\\'m a graduate student at the center for biosystems science and engineering at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. I am interested in studying host-pathogen interactions at the biomaterial interface.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"329795",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohd Aftab",middleName:"Aftab",surname:"Siddiqui",slug:"mohd-aftab-siddiqui",fullName:"Mohd Aftab Siddiqui",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329795/images/15648_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Mohd Aftab Siddiqui is currently working as Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow for the last 6 years. He has completed his Doctor in Philosophy (Pharmacology) in 2020 from Integral University, Lucknow. He completed his Bachelor in Pharmacy in 2013 and Master in Pharmacy (Pharmacology) in 2015 from Integral University, Lucknow. He is the gold medalist in Bachelor and Master degree. He qualified GPAT -2013, GPAT -2014, and GPAT 2015. His area of research is Pharmacological screening of herbal drugs/ natural products in liver and cardiac diseases. He has guided many M. Pharm. research projects. He has many national and international publications.",institutionString:"Integral University",institution:null},{id:"255360",title:"Dr.",name:"Usama",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"usama-ahmad",fullName:"Usama Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/255360/images/system/255360.png",biography:"Dr. Usama Ahmad holds a specialization in Pharmaceutics from Amity University, Lucknow, India. He received his Ph.D. degree from Integral University. Currently, he’s working as an Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutics in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University. From 2013 to 2014 he worked on a research project funded by SERB-DST, Government of India. He has a rich publication record with more than 32 original articles published in reputed journals, 3 edited books, 5 book chapters, and a number of scientific articles published in ‘Ingredients South Asia Magazine’ and ‘QualPharma Magazine’. He is a member of the American Association for Cancer Research, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the British Society for Nanomedicine. Dr. Ahmad’s research focus is on the development of nanoformulations to facilitate the delivery of drugs that aim to provide practical solutions to current healthcare problems.",institutionString:"Integral University",institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"30568",title:"Prof.",name:"Madhu",middleName:null,surname:"Khullar",slug:"madhu-khullar",fullName:"Madhu Khullar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/30568/images/system/30568.jpg",biography:"Dr. Madhu Khullar is a Professor of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology at the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. She completed her Post Doctorate in hypertension research at the Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA in 1985. She is an editor and reviewer of several international journals, and a fellow and member of several cardiovascular research societies. Dr. Khullar has a keen research interest in genetics of hypertension, and is currently studying pharmacogenetics of hypertension.",institutionString:"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research",institution:{name:"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"223233",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/223233/images/system/223233.png",biography:"Xianquan Zhan received his MD and Ph.D. in Preventive Medicine at West China University of Medical Sciences. He received his post-doctoral training in oncology and cancer proteomics at the Central South University, China, and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), USA. He worked at UTHSC and the Cleveland Clinic in 2001–2012 and achieved the rank of associate professor at UTHSC. Currently, he is a full professor at Central South University and Shandong First Medical University, and an advisor to MS/PhD students and postdoctoral fellows. He is also a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and European Association for Predictive Preventive Personalized Medicine (EPMA), a national representative of EPMA, and a member of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences (AAAS). He is also the editor in chief of International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy, an associate editor of EPMA Journal, Frontiers in Endocrinology, and BMC Medical Genomics, and a guest editor of Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Frontiers in Endocrinology, EPMA Journal, and Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. He has published more than 148 articles, 28 book chapters, 6 books, and 2 US patents in the field of clinical proteomics and biomarkers.",institutionString:"Shandong First Medical University",institution:{name:"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"297507",title:"Dr.",name:"Charles",middleName:"Elias",surname:"Assmann",slug:"charles-assmann",fullName:"Charles Assmann",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/297507/images/system/297507.jpg",biography:"Charles Elias Assmann is a biologist from Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM, Brazil), who spent some time abroad at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU, Germany). He has Masters Degree in Biochemistry (UFSM), and is currently a PhD student at Biochemistry at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the UFSM. His areas of expertise include: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Enzymology, Genetics and Toxicology. He is currently working on the following subjects: Aluminium toxicity, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative stress and Purinergic system. Since 2011 he has presented more than 80 abstracts in scientific proceedings of national and international meetings. Since 2014, he has published more than 20 peer reviewed papers (including 4 reviews, 3 in Portuguese) and 2 book chapters. He has also been a reviewer of international journals and ad hoc reviewer of scientific committees from Brazilian Universities.",institutionString:"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"217850",title:"Dr.",name:"Margarete Dulce",middleName:null,surname:"Bagatini",slug:"margarete-dulce-bagatini",fullName:"Margarete Dulce Bagatini",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217850/images/system/217850.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Margarete Dulce Bagatini is an associate professor at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul/Brazil. She has a degree in Pharmacy and a PhD in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry. She is a member of the UFFS Research Advisory Committee\nand a member of the Biovitta Research Institute. She is currently:\nthe leader of the research group: Biological and Clinical Studies\nin Human Pathologies, professor of postgraduate program in\nBiochemistry at UFSC and postgraduate program in Science and Food Technology at\nUFFS. She has experience in the area of pharmacy and clinical analysis, acting mainly\non the following topics: oxidative stress, the purinergic system and human pathologies, being a reviewer of several international journals and books.",institutionString:"Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"226275",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Metin",middleName:null,surname:"Budak",slug:"metin-budak",fullName:"Metin Budak",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226275/images/system/226275.jfif",biography:"Metin Budak, MSc, PhD is an Assistant Professor at Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine. He has been Head of the Molecular Research Lab at Prof. Mirko Tos Ear and Hearing Research Center since 2018. His specializations are biophysics, epigenetics, genetics, and methylation mechanisms. He has published around 25 peer-reviewed papers, 2 book chapters, and 28 abstracts. He is a member of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee and Quantification and Consideration Committee of Medicine Faculty. His research area is the role of methylation during gene transcription, chromatin packages DNA within the cell and DNA repair, replication, recombination, and gene transcription. His research focuses on how the cell overcomes chromatin structure and methylation to allow access to the underlying DNA and enable normal cellular function.",institutionString:"Trakya University",institution:{name:"Trakya University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"243049",title:"Dr.",name:"Anca",middleName:null,surname:"Pantea Stoian",slug:"anca-pantea-stoian",fullName:"Anca Pantea Stoian",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243049/images/system/243049.jpg",biography:"Anca Pantea Stoian is a specialist in diabetes, nutrition, and metabolic diseases as well as health food hygiene. She also has competency in general ultrasonography.\n\nShe is an associate professor in the Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. She has been chief of the Hygiene Department, Faculty of Dentistry, at the same university since 2019. Her interests include micro and macrovascular complications in diabetes and new therapies. Her research activities focus on nutritional intervention in chronic pathology, as well as cardio-renal-metabolic risk assessment, and diabetes in cancer. She is currently engaged in developing new therapies and technological tools for screening, prevention, and patient education in diabetes. \n\nShe is a member of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Cardiometabolic Academy, CEDA, Romanian Society of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Romanian Diabetes Federation, and Association for Renal Metabolic and Nutrition studies. She has authored or co-authored 160 papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"279792",title:"Dr.",name:"João",middleName:null,surname:"Cotas",slug:"joao-cotas",fullName:"João Cotas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/279792/images/system/279792.jpg",biography:"Graduate and master in Biology from the University of Coimbra.\n\nI am a research fellow at the Macroalgae Laboratory Unit, in the MARE-UC – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre of the University of Coimbra. My principal function is the collection, extraction and purification of macroalgae compounds, chemical and bioactive characterization of the compounds and algae extracts and development of new methodologies in marine biotechnology area. \nI am associated in two projects: one consists on discovery of natural compounds for oncobiology. The other project is the about the natural compounds/products for agricultural area.\n\nPublications:\nCotas, J.; Figueirinha, A.; Pereira, L.; Batista, T. 2018. An analysis of the effects of salinity on Fucus ceranoides (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae), in the Mondego River (Portugal). Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. in press. DOI: 10.1007/s00343-019-8111-3",institutionString:"Faculty of Sciences and Technology of University of Coimbra",institution:null},{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/279788/images/system/279788.jpg",biography:"Leonel Pereira has an undergraduate degree in Biology, a Ph.D. in Biology (specialty in Cell Biology), and a Habilitation degree in Biosciences (specialization in Biotechnology) from the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal, where he is currently a professor. In addition to teaching at this university, he is an integrated researcher at the Marine and Environmental Sciences Center (MARE), Portugal. His interests include marine biodiversity (algae), marine biotechnology (algae bioactive compounds), and marine ecology (environmental assessment). Since 2008, he has been the author and editor of the electronic publication MACOI – Portuguese Seaweeds Website (www.seaweeds.uc.pt). He is also a member of the editorial boards of several scientific journals. Dr. Pereira has edited or authored more than 20 books, 100 journal articles, and 45 book chapters. He has given more than 100 lectures and oral communications at various national and international scientific events. He is the coordinator of several national and international research projects. In 1998, he received the Francisco de Holanda Award (Honorable Mention) and, more recently, the Mar Rei D. Carlos award (18th edition). He is also a winner of the 2016 CHOICE Award for an outstanding academic title for his book Edible Seaweeds of the World. In 2020, Dr. Pereira received an Honorable Mention for the Impact of International Publications from the Web of Science",institutionString:"University of Coimbra",institution:{name:"University of Coimbra",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"61946",title:"Dr.",name:"Carol",middleName:null,surname:"Bernstein",slug:"carol-bernstein",fullName:"Carol Bernstein",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/61946/images/system/61946.jpg",biography:"Carol Bernstein received her PhD in Genetics from the University of California (Davis). She was a faculty member at the University of Arizona College of Medicine for 43 years, retiring in 2011. Her research interests focus on DNA damage and its underlying role in sex, aging and in the early steps of initiation and progression to cancer. In her research, she had used organisms including bacteriophage T4, Neurospora crassa, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and mice, as well as human cells and tissues. She authored or co-authored more than 140 scientific publications, including articles in major peer reviewed journals, book chapters, invited reviews and one book.",institutionString:"University of Arizona",institution:{name:"University of Arizona",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"182258",title:"Dr.",name:"Ademar",middleName:"Pereira",surname:"Serra",slug:"ademar-serra",fullName:"Ademar Serra",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/182258/images/system/182258.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Serra studied Agronomy on Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) (2005). He received master degree in Agronomy, Crop Science (Soil fertility and plant nutrition) (2007) by Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), and PhD in agronomy (Soil fertility and plant nutrition) (2011) from Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados / Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (UFGD/ESALQ-USP). Dr. Serra is currently working at Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA). His research focus is on mineral nutrition of plants, crop science and soil science. 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He worked on the structure-function relationships of glycoconjugates and his main project was the investigations on the biological roles of the de-N-glycosylation enzymes (Endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase). From 2002 he contributes to the understanding of the Blood-brain barrier functioning using proteomics approaches. He has published more than 70 papers. 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Biochemistry examines macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids – and their building blocks, structures, functions, and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins, and hormones, which play roles in life processes. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting classical chemistry methods, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the ‘big data’ omics systems. 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We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics include, but are not limited to: Advanced techniques of cellular and molecular biology (Molecular methodologies, imaging techniques, and bioinformatics); Biological activities at the molecular level; Biological processes of cell functions, cell division, senescence, maintenance, and cell death; Biomolecules interactions; Cancer; Cell biology; Chemical biology; Computational biology; Cytochemistry; Developmental biology; Disease mechanisms and therapeutics; DNA, and RNA metabolism; Gene functions, genetics, and genomics; Genetics; Immunology; Medical microbiology; Molecular biology; Molecular genetics; Molecular processes of cell and organelle dynamics; Neuroscience; Protein biosynthesis, degradation, and functions; Regulation of molecular interactions in a cell; Signalling networks and system biology; Structural biology; Virology and microbiology.",annualVolume:11410,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/14.jpg",editor:{id:"165627",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Espinosa",fullName:"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165627/images/system/165627.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"79367",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Flores",fullName:"Ana Isabel Flores",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRpIOQA0/Profile_Picture_1632418099564",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"328234",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Palavecino",fullName:"Christian Palavecino",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000030DhEhQAK/Profile_Picture_1628835318625",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Central University of Chile",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Chile"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",keywords:"Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oils, Modification of Biomolecules, Glycobiology, Combinatorial Chemistry, Therapeutic peptides, Enzyme Inhibitors",scope:"Chemical biology spans the fields of chemistry and biology involving the application of biological and chemical molecules and techniques. 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Behind these definitions are hidden all the aspects of normal and pathological functioning of all processes that the topic ‘Metabolism’ will cover within the Biochemistry Series. 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Thus proteomics, an area of research that detects all protein forms expressed in an organism, including splice isoforms and post-translational modifications, is more suitable than genomics for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical processes that govern life. The most common proteomics applications are currently in the clinical field for the identification, in a variety of biological matrices, of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of disorders. From the comparison of proteomic profiles of control and disease or different physiological states, which may emerge, changes in protein expression can provide new insights into the roles played by some proteins in human pathologies. Understanding how proteins function and interact with each other is another goal of proteomics that makes this approach even more intriguing. Specialized technology and expertise are required to assess the proteome of any biological sample. 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