These books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\\n\\n
This collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\\n\\n
To celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched formed a partnership to support researchers working in engineering sciences by enabling an easier approach to publishing Open Access content. Using the Knowledge Unlatched crowdfunding model to raise the publishing costs through libraries around the world, Open Access Publishing Fee (OAPF) was not required from the authors.
\n\n
Initially, the partnership supported engineering research, but it soon grew to include physical and life sciences, attracting more researchers to the advantages of Open Access publishing.
\n\n\n\n
These books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\n\n
This collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\n\n
To celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"10389",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes",title:"Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes provides an overview of membrane systems and separation processes, recent trends in membranes and membrane processes, and advancements in osmotically driven membrane systems. It focuses on recent advances in monitoring and controlling wastewater using membrane technologies. It explains and clarifies important research studies as well as discusses advancements in the field of organic-inorganic pollution.",isbn:"978-1-83968-912-3",printIsbn:"978-1-83968-911-6",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83968-913-0",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91575",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"osmotically-driven-membrane-processes",numberOfPages:134,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"d5bb1865e5a17251d299b5c1ada3f5c0",bookSignature:"Muharrem Ince and Olcay Kaplan Ince",publishedDate:"February 16th 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10389.jpg",numberOfDownloads:1084,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:1,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:2,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"September 25th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"October 23rd 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"December 22nd 2020",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"March 12th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"May 11th 2021",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"258431",title:"Prof.",name:"Muharrem",middleName:null,surname:"Ince",slug:"muharrem-ince",fullName:"Muharrem Ince",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/258431/images/system/258431.jpg",biography:"Professor Muharrem Ince received his Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Firat University, Turkey, in 2008. From 2009 to 2012, he worked as a research analytical chemist at Mus Alparslan University, Turkey. He is currently a professor at Munzur University. From 2013 to 2016, he served as head of the Department of Chemical Engineering, Munzur University. He is an editorial board member of several international journals as well as an author and co-author of more than forty papers published in respectable international journals. His expertise is in analytical method development, spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, environmental sciences, water pollution identification and prevention, food analysis and toxicology, green and sustainable chemistry, nanoscience, and nanotechnology.",institutionString:"Munzur University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"4",institution:{name:"Munzur University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"266549",title:"Dr.",name:"Olcay",middleName:null,surname:"Kaplan Ince",slug:"olcay-kaplan-ince",fullName:"Olcay Kaplan Ince",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/266549/images/system/266549.jpg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Olcay Kaplan Ince received a BS from Hacettepe University, Turkey, and a Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Firat University, Turkey, in 2008. She is a research analytical chemist and previous head of the Food Engineering Department, Munzur University, Turkey. She serves as editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. She is the author of more than forty papers published in respectable journals. Her research interests include trace and toxic element analysis, analytical chemistry, instrumental analysis, problem-solving in analytical chemistry, food science and chromatography, nanoscience and cytotoxicity, and deep eutectic solvents.",institutionString:"Munzur University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Munzur University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1354",title:"Wastewater Engineering",slug:"technology-environmental-engineering-wastewater-engineering"}],chapters:[{id:"80028",title:"Preparation and Applications of Nanocomposite Membranes for Water/Wastewater Treatment",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101905",slug:"preparation-and-applications-of-nanocomposite-membranes-for-water-wastewater-treatment",totalDownloads:162,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Because of scarcity of clean water all over the globe, it is leads to serious challenges to the survival of all living species. Advanced treatment of water/wastewater techniques such as filtration separation and ion exchange separation are necessary for degradable or non-biodegradable detrimental and hazardous wastes removal from water. Membrane technology is of critical importance to solve this vital problem. In membrane technology, nanocomposite membranes (NCMs) are the most preferred in terms of their convenience. These membranes and their constituent materials are eco-friendly, low-cost, and energy-efficient materials. Also they have operational flexibility and feasibility. The current study presents an overview of the progress in NCMs to treat water/wastewater. To prepare NCMs, various used methods are discussed. Also, to improve the mechanical, antibacterial, and adsorption, properties of NCMs have been investigated. The objective of this work was to summarize the removal of toxic wastes from water/wastewater using various NCMs and to emphasize the shortfalls, and future prospective of NCMs technology are highlighted.",signatures:"Muharrem Ince and Olcay Kaplan Ince",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/80028",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/80028",authors:[{id:"258431",title:"Prof.",name:"Muharrem",surname:"Ince",slug:"muharrem-ince",fullName:"Muharrem Ince"},{id:"266549",title:"Dr.",name:"Olcay",surname:"Kaplan Ince",slug:"olcay-kaplan-ince",fullName:"Olcay Kaplan Ince"}],corrections:null},{id:"75071",title:"Shale Oil and Gas Produced Water Treatment: Opportunities and Barriers for Forward Osmosis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.96001",slug:"shale-oil-and-gas-produced-water-treatment-opportunities-and-barriers-for-forward-osmosis",totalDownloads:243,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The treatment of shale oil & gas produced water is a complicated process since it contains various organic compounds and inorganic impurities. Traditional membrane processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are challenged when produced water has high salinity. Forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation as two emerging membrane technologies are promising for produced water treatment. This chapter will focus on reviewing FO membranes, draw solute, and hybrid processes with other membrane filtration applied to produced water treatment. The barriers to the FO processes caused by membrane fouling and reverse draw solute flux are discussed fully by comparing some FO fabrication technologies, membrane performances, and draw solute selections. The future of the FO processes for produced water treatment is by summarizing life cycle assessment and economic analyses for produced water treatment in the last decade.",signatures:"Layla Ogletree, Hongbo Du and Raghava Kommalapati",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/75071",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/75071",authors:[{id:"179935",title:"Dr.",name:"Raghava",surname:"Kommalapati",slug:"raghava-kommalapati",fullName:"Raghava Kommalapati"},{id:"180165",title:"Dr.",name:"Hongbo",surname:"Du",slug:"hongbo-du",fullName:"Hongbo Du"},{id:"337026",title:"Ms.",name:"Layla",surname:"Ogletree",slug:"layla-ogletree",fullName:"Layla Ogletree"}],corrections:null},{id:"76491",title:"Forward Osmosis Membrane Technology in Wastewater Treatment",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97483",slug:"forward-osmosis-membrane-technology-in-wastewater-treatment",totalDownloads:249,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In recent times, membrane technology has proven to be a more favorable option in wastewater treatment processes. Membrane technologies are more advantageous than conventional technologies such as efficiency, space requirements, energy, quality of permeate, and technical skills requirements. The forward osmosis (FO) membrane process has been widely applied as one of the promising technologies in water and wastewater treatment. Forward osmosis uses the osmotic pressure difference induced by the solute concentration difference between the feed and draw solutions. The proces requires a semi-permeable membrane which has comparable rejection range in size of pollutants (1 nm and below). This chapter reviews the application of FO membrane process in wastewater treatment. It considers the advantages and the disadvantages of this process.",signatures:"Deniz Şahin",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/76491",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/76491",authors:[{id:"283971",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Deniz",surname:"Şahin",slug:"deniz-sahin",fullName:"Deniz Şahin"}],corrections:null},{id:"75174",title:"Integration of Forward Osmosis in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95867",slug:"integration-of-forward-osmosis-in-municipal-wastewater-treatment-applications",totalDownloads:215,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"In recent years, the research community has made constant efforts to develop new technologies for the recovery and valorization of water, nutrient and energy content of municipal wastewater. However, the recovery process is significantly limited due to the low-strength of sewage. Over the last 10 years, the Forward Osmosis (FO) process, has gained interest as a low-cost process with low membrane fouling propensity, which can convert municipal wastewater into a concentrated low-volume effluent, characterized by high organic and nutrient concentration. This chapter presents the main configurations that have been implemented for the concentration of municipal wastewater using FO, including their performance in terms of contaminant removal and water/reverse salt flux (Jw/Js). Furthermore, the draw solutions and respective concentrations that have been used in FO for the treatment of sewage are reported, while at the same time the positive and negative characteristics of each application are evaluated. Finally, in the last section of this chapter, the spontaneous FO followed by anaerobic process is integrated in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and compared with a conventional one. The comparison is done, in terms of the mass balance of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and in terms of the energy efficiency.",signatures:"Stavroula Kappa and Simos Malamis",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/75174",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/75174",authors:[{id:"76496",title:"Dr.",name:"Simos",surname:"Malamis",slug:"simos-malamis",fullName:"Simos Malamis"},{id:"334058",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Stavroula",surname:"Kappa",slug:"stavroula-kappa",fullName:"Stavroula Kappa"}],corrections:null},{id:"75237",title:"Recent Advances in Measuring and Controlling Biofouling of Seawater Reverse Osmosis SWRO: A Review",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95782",slug:"recent-advances-in-measuring-and-controlling-biofouling-of-seawater-reverse-osmosis-swro-a-review",totalDownloads:215,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This study presents recent literature that sheds light on the SWRO membrane biofouling, Inventory of causes, consequences, measurement, and possible solutions. In particular, biofouling of SWRO is considered as one of the challenges faced by seawater desalination today. For seawater desalination, mitigating membrane biofouling is essentially required and yet to be overcome. Specific shortcomings and prospective solutions are reviewed towards understanding the biofouling mechanism, pretreatment impacts, level of assimilable nutrients, and real-time monitoring. Accordingly, this review aims to address recent advances in biological fouling measurements and control to better understand biofouling and the best ways of dealing with such a challenging issue.",signatures:"Rana H. Idais, Azzam A. Abuhabib and Sofiah Hamzah",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/75237",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/75237",authors:[{id:"173363",title:"Dr.",name:"Azzam A.",surname:"Abuhabib",slug:"azzam-a.-abuhabib",fullName:"Azzam A. Abuhabib"},{id:"335364",title:"Dr.",name:"Rana H.",surname:"Idais",slug:"rana-h.-idais",fullName:"Rana H. Idais"},{id:"342454",title:"Dr.",name:"Sofiah",surname:"Hamzah",slug:"sofiah-hamzah",fullName:"Sofiah Hamzah"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8637",title:"Recent Advances in Analytical Chemistry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9d61b693f14e24d81342f6c36fc5ba32",slug:"recent-advances-in-analytical-chemistry",bookSignature:"Muharrem Ince and Olcay Kaplan Ince",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8637.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"258431",title:"Prof.",name:"Muharrem",surname:"Ince",slug:"muharrem-ince",fullName:"Muharrem Ince"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8863",title:"Hydrocarbon Pollution and its Effect on the Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"25243b6684e6a441a6bf1f854d49f9e8",slug:"hydrocarbon-pollution-and-its-effect-on-the-environment",bookSignature:"Muharrem Ince and Olcay Kaplan Ince",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8863.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"258431",title:"Prof.",name:"Muharrem",surname:"Ince",slug:"muharrem-ince",fullName:"Muharrem Ince"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9407",title:"Biochemical Toxicology",subtitle:"Heavy Metals and Nanomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"892372c885d7a41fc85666f573c7a32b",slug:"biochemical-toxicology-heavy-metals-and-nanomaterials",bookSignature:"Muharrem Ince, Olcay Kaplan Ince and Gabrijel Ondrasek",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9407.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"258431",title:"Prof.",name:"Muharrem",surname:"Ince",slug:"muharrem-ince",fullName:"Muharrem Ince"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6539",title:"Wastewater and Water Quality",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"011810f6bbc0d25f6590e1169231962f",slug:"wastewater-and-water-quality",bookSignature:"Taner Yonar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6539.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"32956",title:"Dr.",name:"Taner",surname:"Yonar",slug:"taner-yonar",fullName:"Taner Yonar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6199",title:"Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes",subtitle:"Approach, Development and Current Status",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bbb718c2b4705962a3388b4cb551d87b",slug:"osmotically-driven-membrane-processes-approach-development-and-current-status",bookSignature:"Hongbo Du, Audie Thompson and Xinying Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6199.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"180165",title:"Dr.",name:"Hongbo",surname:"Du",slug:"hongbo-du",fullName:"Hongbo Du"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8804",title:"Water and Wastewater Treatment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ccb46d6518786712b3184b2498fb0cab",slug:"water-and-wastewater-treatment",bookSignature:"Murat Eyvaz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8804.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"170083",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Murat",surname:"Eyvaz",slug:"murat-eyvaz",fullName:"Murat Eyvaz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8915",title:"Advances in Membrane Technologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"19febde893f705494f2334d02977fd83",slug:"advances-in-membrane-technologies",bookSignature:"Amira Abdelrasoul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8915.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"151521",title:"Dr.",name:"Amira",surname:"Abdelrasoul",slug:"amira-abdelrasoul",fullName:"Amira Abdelrasoul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6464",title:"Nanofiltration",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ff27f3309a565c3d37afcac907cc7a2e",slug:"nanofiltration",bookSignature:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6464.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"63182",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad Akhyar",surname:"Farrukh",slug:"muhammad-akhyar-farrukh",fullName:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9415",title:"Advanced Oxidation Processes",subtitle:"Applications, Trends, and Prospects",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"60d177837fbb691b82c80922cd9bb295",slug:"advanced-oxidation-processes-applications-trends-and-prospects",bookSignature:"Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9415.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"189304",title:"Dr.",name:"Ciro",surname:"Bustillo-Lecompte",slug:"ciro-bustillo-lecompte",fullName:"Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10975",title:"Sewage",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0933f9b6aa7b8c65e710e951e674997d",slug:"sewage-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tao Zhang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10975.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"185487",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tao",surname:"Zhang",slug:"tao-zhang",fullName:"Tao Zhang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"57158",slug:"correction-to-chemical-composition-and-biological-activities-of-mentha-species",title:"Correction to: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Mentha Species",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/57158.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57158",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57158",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/57158",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/57158",chapter:{id:"54028",slug:"chemical-composition-and-biological-activities-of-mentha-species",signatures:"Fatiha Brahmi, Madani Khodir, Chibane Mohamed and Duez Pierre",dateSubmitted:"June 7th 2016",dateReviewed:"December 19th 2016",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 15th 2017",book:{id:"5612",title:"Aromatic and Medicinal Plants",subtitle:"Back to Nature",fullTitle:"Aromatic and Medicinal Plants - Back to Nature",slug:"aromatic-and-medicinal-plants-back-to-nature",publishedDate:"March 15th 2017",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5612.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"193281",title:"Dr.",name:"Fatiha",middleName:null,surname:"Brahmi",fullName:"Fatiha Brahmi",slug:"fatiha-brahmi",email:"fatiha.brahmi@univ-bejaia.dz",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Béjaïa",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Algeria"}}},{id:"199693",title:"Prof.",name:"Khodir",middleName:null,surname:"Madani",fullName:"Khodir Madani",slug:"khodir-madani",email:"madani28dz@yahoo.fr",position:null,institution:null},{id:"199694",title:"Prof.",name:"Pierre",middleName:null,surname:"Duez",fullName:"Pierre Duez",slug:"pierre-duez",email:"pduez@umons.be",position:null,institution:null},{id:"203738",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Chibane",fullName:"Mohamed Chibane",slug:"mohamed-chibane",email:"chibanem@yahoo.fr",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"54028",slug:"chemical-composition-and-biological-activities-of-mentha-species",signatures:"Fatiha Brahmi, Madani Khodir, Chibane Mohamed and Duez Pierre",dateSubmitted:"June 7th 2016",dateReviewed:"December 19th 2016",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 15th 2017",book:{id:"5612",title:"Aromatic and Medicinal Plants",subtitle:"Back to Nature",fullTitle:"Aromatic and Medicinal Plants - Back to Nature",slug:"aromatic-and-medicinal-plants-back-to-nature",publishedDate:"March 15th 2017",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5612.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"193281",title:"Dr.",name:"Fatiha",middleName:null,surname:"Brahmi",fullName:"Fatiha Brahmi",slug:"fatiha-brahmi",email:"fatiha.brahmi@univ-bejaia.dz",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Béjaïa",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Algeria"}}},{id:"199693",title:"Prof.",name:"Khodir",middleName:null,surname:"Madani",fullName:"Khodir Madani",slug:"khodir-madani",email:"madani28dz@yahoo.fr",position:null,institution:null},{id:"199694",title:"Prof.",name:"Pierre",middleName:null,surname:"Duez",fullName:"Pierre Duez",slug:"pierre-duez",email:"pduez@umons.be",position:null,institution:null},{id:"203738",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Chibane",fullName:"Mohamed Chibane",slug:"mohamed-chibane",email:"chibanem@yahoo.fr",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"5612",title:"Aromatic and Medicinal Plants",subtitle:"Back to Nature",fullTitle:"Aromatic and Medicinal Plants - Back to Nature",slug:"aromatic-and-medicinal-plants-back-to-nature",publishedDate:"March 15th 2017",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5612.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"11497",leadTitle:null,title:"Microfluidics and Nanofluidics - Fundamentals and Applications",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"
\r\n\tMicrofluidics and Nanofluidics referred to a technology where fluid flows are from the macroscale down to the nanoscale traditionally used as key components of control and sensing systems. Nowadays, the research and application areas of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics have been greatly expanded to advanced materials, biochemistry, new energy, single-cell/single-molecule studies, human health, and so forth. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics deal with transport phenomena, i.e., mass, momentum, and heat transfer, in the micrometer or nanometer range, and conventional fluid dynamics cannot be directly used in this area. The possible challenge in fluid properties must be considered. Thus, in the last two decades, the fundamental theories, as well as their application, have been rapidly in Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. Therefore, this book aims to host original research or review works addressing the fundamentals and applications of any functional flow in Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. The potential topics include all aspects of microfluidics, nanofluidics, and lab-on-a-chip science and technology, it might be (but are not limited to) fundamental principles of micro-and nanoscale phenomena like flow, mass transport and reactions, theoretical models, and numerical simulation with experimental and/or analytical proof, micromixer device, and particle manipulation. Experimental and numerical studies are welcome. \r\n\t
",isbn:"978-1-80356-336-7",printIsbn:"978-1-80356-335-0",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80356-337-4",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,isSalesforceBook:!1,hash:"c13b60a29b20349f816a6ab71ba35e42",bookSignature:"Prof. Mingzhou Yu",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11497.jpg",keywords:"Lab-on-a-Chip, Microfluidics and Nanofluidic Platforms, Micro and Nanoscale Phenomena, Mass and Heat Transport, Multiphase Flow, Nanoparticle-Laden Flows, New Unit-Operation, Theoretical Model, Numerical Method, Experiment, Application, Engineering",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 17th 2022",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"April 21st 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"June 20th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"September 8th 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"November 7th 2022",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"a month",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"A pioneering researcher selected for the Alexander von Humboldt research fellowship and previously affiliated with the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology as a postdoc researcher. Dr. Yu is a holder of 90 journal papers, with an h index of 21, is a member of A& WA (USA) and AAAR (USA), and is the holder of 24 registered patents.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"188972",title:"Prof.",name:"Mingzhou",middleName:null,surname:"Yu",slug:"mingzhou-yu",fullName:"Mingzhou Yu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/188972/images/system/188972.jpg",biography:"Mingzhou Yu is now a Professor at China Jiliang University and a Guest Professor at Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science. He received his PhD degree from Zhejiang University in 2008 with the major fluid mechanism. During the time period between 2009 and 2012, he moved to Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, as a Alexander von Humboldt researcher where he worked with Prof. Gerhard Kasper and Dr. Martin Seipenbusch. Since 2013, he joined Prof. Junji Cao's research group as a guest Professor at Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science. During the time period between 2013 and 2016, he worked in The Hongkong Polytechnic University and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, as a research associate or postdoc researcher. He is now leading a Aerosol Science and Technology Laboratory supported by Zhejiang Special Provincial Support in CJLU. He has published more than 90 cited articles and five books (or chapters).",institutionString:"China Jiliang University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"China Jiliang University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"20",title:"Physics",slug:"physics"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"418965",firstName:"Nera",lastName:"Butigan",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/418965/images/16899_n.jpg",email:"nera@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager, my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors.\nFrom chapter submission and review to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors, and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing or reviewing.\nI assist authors in preparing their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines to ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8356",title:"Metastable, Spintronics Materials and Mechanics of Deformable Bodies",subtitle:"Recent Progress",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1550f1986ce9bcc0db87d407a8b47078",slug:"solid-state-physics-metastable-spintronics-materials-and-mechanics-of-deformable-bodies-recent-progress",bookSignature:"Subbarayan Sivasankaran, Pramoda Kumar Nayak and Ezgi Günay",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"190989",title:"Dr.",name:"Subbarayan",surname:"Sivasankaran",slug:"subbarayan-sivasankaran",fullName:"Subbarayan Sivasankaran"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"14009",title:"Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiative Transfer in Atmospheric Environments for Problems Arising from Remote Sensing Measurements",doi:"10.5772/15556",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-of-radiative-transfer-in-atmospheric-environments-for-problems-arising-from-r",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/14009.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/14009",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/14009",totalDownloads:2652,totalViews:94,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:1,impactScorePercentile:59,impactScoreQuartile:3,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"June 11th 2010",dateReviewed:"October 1st 2010",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"February 28th 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/14009",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/14009",book:{id:"1485",slug:"applications-of-monte-carlo-method-in-science-and-engineering"},signatures:"Margherita Premuda",authors:[{id:"19740",title:"Dr.",name:"Margherita",middleName:null,surname:"Premuda",fullName:"Margherita Premuda",slug:"margherita-premuda",email:"M.Premuda@isac.cnr.it",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1485",type:"book",title:"Applications of Monte Carlo Method in Science and Engineering",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Applications of Monte Carlo Method in Science and Engineering",slug:"applications-of-monte-carlo-method-in-science-and-engineering",publishedDate:"February 28th 2011",bookSignature:"Shaul Mordechai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1485.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-691-1",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5604-8",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:130,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"21994",title:"Prof.",name:"Shaul",middleName:null,surname:"Mordechai",slug:"shaul-mordechai",fullName:"Shaul Mordechai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"599"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"14004",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulations in NDT",slug:"monte-carlo-simulations-in-ndt",totalDownloads:4587,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Frank Sukowski and Norman Uhlmann",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20239",title:"Dr.",name:"Frank",middleName:null,surname:"Sukowski",fullName:"Frank Sukowski",slug:"frank-sukowski"},{id:"21967",title:"Dr.",name:"Norman",middleName:null,surname:"Uhlmann",fullName:"Norman Uhlmann",slug:"norman-uhlmann"}]},{id:"14005",type:"chapter",title:"Application of Monte Carlo Simulation in Optical Tweezers",slug:"application-of-monte-carlo-simulation-in-optical-tweezers",totalDownloads:2656,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Yu-Xuan Ren, Jian-Guang Wu and Yin-Mei Li",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"18108",title:"Dr.",name:"Yu-Xuan",middleName:null,surname:"Ren",fullName:"Yu-Xuan Ren",slug:"yu-xuan-ren"},{id:"18109",title:"Dr.",name:"Jian-Guang",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",fullName:"Jian-Guang Wu",slug:"jian-guang-wu"},{id:"18110",title:"Dr.",name:"Yin-Mei",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Yin-Mei Li",slug:"yin-mei-li"}]},{id:"14006",type:"chapter",title:"Enabling Grids for GATE Monte-Carlo Radiation Therapy Simulations with the GATE-Lab",slug:"enabling-grids-for-gate-monte-carlo-radiation-therapy-simulations-with-the-gate-lab",totalDownloads:2169,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Sorina Camarasu-Pop, Tristan Glatard, Hugues Benoit-Cattin and David Sarrut",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22422",title:"Dr.",name:"Sorina",middleName:null,surname:"Camarasu-Pop",fullName:"Sorina Camarasu-Pop",slug:"sorina-camarasu-pop"},{id:"22424",title:"Dr.",name:"Tristan",middleName:null,surname:"Glatard",fullName:"Tristan Glatard",slug:"tristan-glatard"},{id:"22425",title:"Dr.",name:"Hugues",middleName:null,surname:"Benoit-Cattin",fullName:"Hugues Benoit-Cattin",slug:"hugues-benoit-cattin"},{id:"22426",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Sarrut",fullName:"David Sarrut",slug:"david-sarrut"}]},{id:"14007",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulation for Ion Implantation Profiles, Amorphous Layer Thickness Formed by the Ion Implantation, and Database Based on Pearson Function",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-for-ion-implantation-profiles-amorphous-layer-thickness-formed-by-the-ion-imp",totalDownloads:5211,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Kunihiro Suzuki",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"18099",title:"Dr.",name:"Kunihiro",middleName:null,surname:"Suzuki",fullName:"Kunihiro Suzuki",slug:"kunihiro-suzuki"}]},{id:"14008",type:"chapter",title:"Application of Monte Carlo Simulation in Industrial Microbiological Exposure Assessment",slug:"application-of-monte-carlo-simulation-in-industrial-microbiological-exposure-assessment",totalDownloads:2806,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Javier Collado, Antonio Falcó, Dolores Rodrigo, Fernando Sampedro, M. Consuelo Pina and Antonio Martínez",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20154",title:"Prof.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Martinez",fullName:"Antonio Martinez",slug:"antonio-martinez"},{id:"20177",title:"Dr.",name:"Dolores",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",fullName:"Dolores Rodrigo",slug:"dolores-rodrigo"},{id:"20178",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Sampedro",fullName:"Fernando Sampedro",slug:"fernando-sampedro"},{id:"20179",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Consuelo",middleName:null,surname:"Pina",fullName:"M. Consuelo Pina",slug:"m.-consuelo-pina"},{id:"23606",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Collado",fullName:"Javier Collado",slug:"javier-collado"},{id:"23607",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Falcó",fullName:"Antonio Falcó",slug:"antonio-falco"}]},{id:"14009",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiative Transfer in Atmospheric Environments for Problems Arising from Remote Sensing Measurements",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-of-radiative-transfer-in-atmospheric-environments-for-problems-arising-from-r",totalDownloads:2652,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Margherita Premuda",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19740",title:"Dr.",name:"Margherita",middleName:null,surname:"Premuda",fullName:"Margherita Premuda",slug:"margherita-premuda"}]},{id:"14010",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulation of Pile-up Effect in Gamma Spectroscopy",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-of-pile-up-effect-in-gamma-spectroscopy",totalDownloads:3390,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Ali Asghar Mowlavi, Mario de Denaro and Maria Rosa Fornasier",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21124",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali Asghar",middleName:null,surname:"Mowlavi",fullName:"Ali Asghar Mowlavi",slug:"ali-asghar-mowlavi"},{id:"24843",title:"Dr.",name:"Mario",middleName:null,surname:"de Denaro",fullName:"Mario de Denaro",slug:"mario-de-denaro"},{id:"24844",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Rosa",middleName:null,surname:"Fornasier",fullName:"Maria Rosa Fornasier",slug:"maria-rosa-fornasier"}]},{id:"14011",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulations of Microchannel Plate–Based, Time-Gated X-ray Imagers",slug:"monte-carlo-simulations-of-microchannel-plate-based-time-gated-x-ray-imagers",totalDownloads:2438,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Craig A. Kruschwitz and Ming Wu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19775",title:"Dr.",name:"Ming",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",fullName:"Ming Wu",slug:"ming-wu"},{id:"22268",title:"Dr.",name:"Craig A.",middleName:null,surname:"Kruschwitz",fullName:"Craig A. Kruschwitz",slug:"craig-a.-kruschwitz"}]},{id:"14012",type:"chapter",title:"Many-particle Monte Carlo Approach to Electron Transport",slug:"many-particle-monte-carlo-approach-to-electron-transport",totalDownloads:2159,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"G. Albareda, F. L. Traversa, A. Benali and X. Oriols",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22644",title:"Dr.",name:"Guillermo",middleName:null,surname:"Albareda",fullName:"Guillermo Albareda",slug:"guillermo-albareda"},{id:"22645",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabio",middleName:null,surname:"Traversa",fullName:"Fabio Traversa",slug:"fabio-traversa"},{id:"22646",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdelilah",middleName:null,surname:"Benali",fullName:"Abdelilah Benali",slug:"abdelilah-benali"},{id:"22647",title:"Dr.",name:"Xavier",middleName:null,surname:"Oriols",fullName:"Xavier Oriols",slug:"xavier-oriols"}]},{id:"14013",type:"chapter",title:"Monte-Carlo Simulation in Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-in-electron-microscopy-and-spectroscopy",totalDownloads:3391,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Vladimír Stary",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23253",title:"Prof.",name:"Vladimir",middleName:null,surname:"Stary",fullName:"Vladimir Stary",slug:"vladimir-stary"}]},{id:"14014",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulation of SEM and SAM Images",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-of-sem-and-sam-images",totalDownloads:4371,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Y.G. Li, S.F. Mao and Z.J. Ding",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23515",title:"Prof.",name:"Zejun",middleName:null,surname:"Ding",fullName:"Zejun Ding",slug:"zejun-ding"},{id:"23516",title:"Dr.",name:"Yonggang",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Yonggang Li",slug:"yonggang-li"},{id:"23517",title:"Dr.",name:"Shifeng",middleName:null,surname:"Mao",fullName:"Shifeng Mao",slug:"shifeng-mao"}]},{id:"14015",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulation of Insulating Gas Avalanche Development",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-of-insulating-gas-avalanche-development",totalDownloads:2557,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dengming Xiao",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"18115",title:"Dr.",name:"Dengming",middleName:null,surname:"Xiao",fullName:"Dengming Xiao",slug:"dengming-xiao"}]},{id:"14016",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Dynamics in Doped Semiconductors Driven by Electric Fields: Harmonic Generation, Hot-Carrier Noise and Spin Relaxation",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-of-electron-dynamics-in-doped-semiconductors-driven-by-electric-fields-harmon",totalDownloads:2010,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dominique Persano Adorno",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22347",title:"Dr.",name:"Dominique",middleName:null,surname:"Persano Adorno",fullName:"Dominique Persano Adorno",slug:"dominique-persano-adorno"}]},{id:"14017",type:"chapter",title:"A Pearson Effective Potential for Monte-Carlo Simulation of Quantum Confinement Effects in nMOSFETs",slug:"a-pearson-effective-potential-for-monte-carlo-simulation-of-quantum-confinement-effects-in-nmosfets",totalDownloads:1688,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Marie-Anne Jaud, Sylvain Barraud, Philippe Dollfus, Jérôme Saint-Martin, Arnaud Bournel and Hervé Jaouen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21136",title:"Dr.",name:"Arnaud",middleName:null,surname:"Bournel",fullName:"Arnaud Bournel",slug:"arnaud-bournel"},{id:"21137",title:"Dr.",name:"Philippe",middleName:null,surname:"Dollfus",fullName:"Philippe Dollfus",slug:"philippe-dollfus"},{id:"21138",title:"Dr.",name:"Jérôme",middleName:null,surname:"Saint Martin",fullName:"Jérôme Saint Martin",slug:"jerome-saint-martin"},{id:"22614",title:"Dr.",name:"Marie-Anne",middleName:null,surname:"Jaud",fullName:"Marie-Anne Jaud",slug:"marie-anne-jaud"},{id:"22630",title:"Dr.",name:"Sylvain",middleName:null,surname:"Barraud",fullName:"Sylvain Barraud",slug:"sylvain-barraud"},{id:"22631",title:"Dr.",name:"Hervé",middleName:null,surname:"Jaouen",fullName:"Hervé Jaouen",slug:"herve-jaouen"}]},{id:"14018",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Device Simulations",slug:"monte-carlo-device-simulations",totalDownloads:3486,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Dragica Vasileska, Katerina Raleva and Stephen M. Goodnick",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"3809",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragica",middleName:null,surname:"Vasileska",fullName:"Dragica Vasileska",slug:"dragica-vasileska"}]},{id:"14019",type:"chapter",title:"Wang-Landau Algorithm and its Implementation for the Determination of Joint Density of States in Continuous Spin Models",slug:"wang-landau-algorithm-and-its-implementation-for-the-determination-of-joint-density-of-states-in-con",totalDownloads:3432,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Soumen Kumar Roy, Kisor Mukhopadhyay,\nNababrata Ghoshal and Shyamal Bhar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20638",title:"Dr.",name:"Soumen Kumar",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",fullName:"Soumen Kumar Roy",slug:"soumen-kumar-roy"},{id:"22592",title:"Dr.",name:"Kisor",middleName:null,surname:"Mukhopadhyay",fullName:"Kisor Mukhopadhyay",slug:"kisor-mukhopadhyay"},{id:"22593",title:"Mr.",name:"Nababrata",middleName:null,surname:"Ghoshal",fullName:"Nababrata Ghoshal",slug:"nababrata-ghoshal"},{id:"24345",title:"Mr.",name:"Shyamal",middleName:null,surname:"Bhar",fullName:"Shyamal Bhar",slug:"shyamal-bhar"}]},{id:"14020",type:"chapter",title:"Characterizing Molecular Rotations using Monte Carlo Simulations",slug:"characterizing-molecular-rotations-using-monte-carlo-simulations",totalDownloads:2483,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Bart Verberck",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22465",title:"Dr.",name:"Bart",middleName:null,surname:"Verberck",fullName:"Bart Verberck",slug:"bart-verberck"}]},{id:"14021",type:"chapter",title:"Finite-time Scaling and its Applications to Continuous Phase Transitions",slug:"finite-time-scaling-and-its-applications-to-continuous-phase-transitions",totalDownloads:2369,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Fan Zhong",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20182",title:"Dr.",name:"Fan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhong",fullName:"Fan Zhong",slug:"fan-zhong"}]},{id:"14022",type:"chapter",title:"Using Monte Carlo Method to Study Magnetic Properties of Frozen Ferrofluid",slug:"using-monte-carlo-method-to-study-magnetic-properties-of-frozen-ferrofluid",totalDownloads:2593,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Tran Nguyen Lan and Tran Hoang Hai",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19405",title:"Dr.",name:"Tran Nguyen",middleName:null,surname:"Lan",fullName:"Tran Nguyen Lan",slug:"tran-nguyen-lan"},{id:"19406",title:"Prof.",name:"Tran Hoang",middleName:null,surname:"Hai",fullName:"Tran Hoang Hai",slug:"tran-hoang-hai"}]},{id:"14023",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Studies of Magnetic Nanoparticles",slug:"monte-carlo-studies-of-magnetic-nanoparticles",totalDownloads:3127,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"K. Trohidou and M. Vasilakaki",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21966",title:"Dr.",name:"Kalliopi",middleName:null,surname:"Trohidou",fullName:"Kalliopi Trohidou",slug:"kalliopi-trohidou"},{id:"22714",title:"Dr.",name:"Marianna",middleName:null,surname:"Vasilakaki",fullName:"Marianna Vasilakaki",slug:"marianna-vasilakaki"}]},{id:"14024",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulation for Magnetic Domain Structure and Hysteresis Properties",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-for-magnetic-domain-structure-and-hysteresis-properties",totalDownloads:3090,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Katsuhiko Yamaguchi, Kenji Suzuki and Osamu Nittono",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22402",title:"Dr.",name:"Katsuhiko",middleName:null,surname:"Yamaguchi",fullName:"Katsuhiko Yamaguchi",slug:"katsuhiko-yamaguchi"},{id:"22659",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",middleName:null,surname:"Suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki"},{id:"22660",title:"Prof.",name:"Osamu",middleName:null,surname:"Nittono",fullName:"Osamu Nittono",slug:"osamu-nittono"}]},{id:"14025",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulations of Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Materials Using Potts Model",slug:"monte-carlo-simulations-of-grain-growth-in-polycrystalline-materials-using-potts-model",totalDownloads:3070,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Miroslav Morháč and Eva Morháčova",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22290",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Morhac",fullName:"Miroslav Morhac",slug:"miroslav-morhac"},{id:"22408",title:"Dr.",name:"Eva",middleName:null,surname:"Morhacova",fullName:"Eva Morhacova",slug:"eva-morhacova"}]},{id:"14026",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulations of Grain Growth in Metals",slug:"monte-carlo-simulations-of-grain-growth-in-metals",totalDownloads:3572,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Sven K. Esche",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19228",title:"Prof.",name:"Sven K.",middleName:null,surname:"Esche",fullName:"Sven K. Esche",slug:"sven-k.-esche"}]},{id:"14027",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulations on Defects in Hard-Sphere Crystals Under Gravity",slug:"monte-carlo-simulations-on-defects-in-hard-sphere-crystals-under-gravity",totalDownloads:2338,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Atsushi Mori",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20749",title:"Dr.",name:"Atsushi",middleName:null,surname:"Mori",fullName:"Atsushi Mori",slug:"atsushi-mori"}]},{id:"14028",type:"chapter",title:"Atomistic Monte Carlo Simulations in Steelmaking: High Temperature Carburization and Decarburization of Molten Steel",slug:"atomistic-monte-carlo-simulations-in-steelmaking-high-temperature-carburization-and-decarburization-",totalDownloads:2523,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"R. Khanna, R. Mahjoub and V. Sahajwalla",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19010",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Khanna",fullName:"Rita Khanna",slug:"rita-khanna"}]},{id:"14029",type:"chapter",title:"GCMC Simulations of Gas Adsorption in Carbon Pore Structures",slug:"gcmc-simulations-of-gas-adsorption-in-carbon-pore-structures",totalDownloads:3950,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Maria Konstantakou, Anastasios Gotzias, Michael Kainourgiakis, Athanasios K. Stubos and Theodore A. Steriotis",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22788",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodore A.",middleName:null,surname:"Steriotis",fullName:"Theodore A. Steriotis",slug:"theodore-a.-steriotis"},{id:"22800",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Konstantakou",fullName:"Maria Konstantakou",slug:"maria-konstantakou"},{id:"22801",title:"Mr.",name:"Anastasios",middleName:null,surname:"Gotzias",fullName:"Anastasios Gotzias",slug:"anastasios-gotzias"},{id:"22802",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Kainourgiakis",fullName:"Michael Kainourgiakis",slug:"michael-kainourgiakis"},{id:"22803",title:"Dr.",name:"Athanasios",middleName:null,surname:"Stubos",fullName:"Athanasios Stubos",slug:"athanasios-stubos"}]},{id:"14030",type:"chapter",title:"Effect of the Repulsive Interactions on the Nucleation and Island Growth: Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations",slug:"effect-of-the-repulsive-interactions-on-the-nucleation-and-island-growth-kinetic-monte-carlo-simulat",totalDownloads:1918,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Hu Juanmei and Wu Fengmin",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19969",title:"Dr.",name:"Fengmin",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",fullName:"Fengmin Wu",slug:"fengmin-wu"},{id:"33150",title:"Prof.",name:"Juanmei",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",fullName:"Juanmei Hu",slug:"juanmei-hu"}]},{id:"14031",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Methodology for Grand Canonical Simulations of Vacancies at Crystalline Defects",slug:"monte-carlo-methodology-for-grand-canonical-simulations-of-vacancies-at-crystalline-defects",totalDownloads:2473,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Döme Tanguy",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22170",title:"Dr.",name:"Döme",middleName:null,surname:"Tanguy",fullName:"Döme Tanguy",slug:"dome-tanguy"}]},{id:"14032",type:"chapter",title:"Frequency-Dependent Monte Carlo Simulations of Phonon Transport in Nanostructures",slug:"frequency-dependent-monte-carlo-simulations-of-phonon-transport-in-nanostructures",totalDownloads:3096,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Qing Hao and Gang Chen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20961",title:"Prof.",name:"Gang",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Gang Chen",slug:"gang-chen"},{id:"20962",title:"Dr.",name:"Qing",middleName:null,surname:"Hao",fullName:"Qing Hao",slug:"qing-hao"}]},{id:"14033",type:"chapter",title:"Performance Analysis of Adaptive GPS Signal Detection in Urban Interference Environment using the Monte Carlo Approach",slug:"performance-analysis-of-adaptive-gps-signal-detection-in-urban-interference-environment-using-the-mo",totalDownloads:3061,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"V. Behar, Ch. Kabakchiev, I. Garvanov and H. Rohling",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"2768",title:"Dr.",name:"Christo",middleName:null,surname:"Kabakchiev",fullName:"Christo Kabakchiev",slug:"christo-kabakchiev"},{id:"18669",title:"Dr.",name:"Vera",middleName:null,surname:"Behar",fullName:"Vera Behar",slug:"vera-behar"},{id:"18671",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Garvanov",fullName:"Ivan Garvanov",slug:"ivan-garvanov"},{id:"18672",title:"Prof.",name:"Hermann",middleName:null,surname:"Rohling",fullName:"Hermann Rohling",slug:"hermann-rohling"}]},{id:"14034",type:"chapter",title:"Practical Monte Carlo Based Reliability Analysis and Design Methods for Geotechnical Problems",slug:"practical-monte-carlo-based-reliability-analysis-and-design-methods-for-geotechnical-problems",totalDownloads:3403,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Jianye Ching",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19783",title:"Prof.",name:"Jianye",middleName:null,surname:"Ching",fullName:"Jianye Ching",slug:"jianye-ching"}]},{id:"14035",type:"chapter",title:"A Monte Carlo Framework to Simulate Multicomponent Droplet Growth by Stochastic Coalescence",slug:"a-monte-carlo-framework-to-simulate-multicomponent-droplet-growth-by-stochastic-coalescence",totalDownloads:1812,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Lester Alfonso, Graciela Raga and Darrel Baumgardner",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"18046",title:"Prof.",name:"Lester",middleName:null,surname:"Alfonso",fullName:"Lester Alfonso",slug:"lester-alfonso"},{id:"22501",title:"Dr.",name:"Graciela",middleName:null,surname:"Raga",fullName:"Graciela Raga",slug:"graciela-raga"},{id:"22502",title:"Dr.",name:"Darrel",middleName:null,surname:"Baumgardner",fullName:"Darrel Baumgardner",slug:"darrel-baumgardner"}]},{id:"14036",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulation of Room Temperature Ballistic Nanodevices",slug:"monte-carlo-simulation-of-room-temperature-ballistic-nanodevices",totalDownloads:2333,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Ignacio Íñiguez-de-la-Torre, Tomás González, Helena Rodilla, Beatriz G. Vasallo and Javier Mateos",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22253",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomas",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez",fullName:"Tomas Gonzalez",slug:"tomas-gonzalez"},{id:"22450",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Mateos",fullName:"Javier Mateos",slug:"javier-mateos"},{id:"22451",title:"Dr.",name:"Ignacio",middleName:null,surname:"Iñiguez-de-la-Torre",fullName:"Ignacio Iñiguez-de-la-Torre",slug:"ignacio-iniguez-de-la-torre"},{id:"22452",title:"Prof.",name:"Helena",middleName:null,surname:"Rodilla",fullName:"Helena Rodilla",slug:"helena-rodilla"},{id:"22453",title:"Dr.",name:"Beatriz",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia Vasallo",fullName:"Beatriz Garcia Vasallo",slug:"beatriz-garcia-vasallo"}]},{id:"14037",type:"chapter",title:"Estimation of Optical Properties in Postharvest and Processing Technology",slug:"estimation-of-optical-properties-in-postharvest-and-processing-technology",totalDownloads:2340,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"László Baranyai",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19663",title:"Dr.",name:"Laszlo",middleName:null,surname:"Baranyai",fullName:"Laszlo Baranyai",slug:"laszlo-baranyai"}]},{id:"14038",type:"chapter",title:"MATLAB Programming of Polymerization Processes using Monte Carlo Techniques",slug:"matlab-programming-of-polymerization-processes-using-monte-carlo-techniques",totalDownloads:4358,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22395",title:"Prof.",name:"Mamdouh A.",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Harthi",fullName:"Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi",slug:"mamdouh-a.-al-harthi"}]},{id:"14039",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulations in Solar Radio Astronomy",slug:"monte-carlo-simulations-in-solar-radio-astronomy",totalDownloads:2251,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"G. Thejappa and R. J. MacDowall",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21608",title:"Dr.",name:"Thejappa",middleName:null,surname:"Golla",fullName:"Thejappa Golla",slug:"thejappa-golla"}]},{id:"14040",type:"chapter",title:"Using Monte Carlo Simulation for Prediction of Tool Life",slug:"using-monte-carlo-simulation-for-prediction-of-tool-life",totalDownloads:4425,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Sayyad Zahid Qamar, Anwar Khalil Sheikh, Tasneem Pervez and Abul Fazal M. Arif",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21687",title:"Prof.",name:"Sayyad Zahid",middleName:null,surname:"Qamar",fullName:"Sayyad Zahid Qamar",slug:"sayyad-zahid-qamar"},{id:"21688",title:"Prof.",name:"Anwar Khalil",middleName:null,surname:"Sheikh",fullName:"Anwar Khalil Sheikh",slug:"anwar-khalil-sheikh"},{id:"21689",title:"Prof.",name:"Abul Fazal M.",middleName:null,surname:"Arif",fullName:"Abul Fazal M. Arif",slug:"abul-fazal-m.-arif"},{id:"21690",title:"Prof.",name:"Tasneem",middleName:null,surname:"Pervez",fullName:"Tasneem Pervez",slug:"tasneem-pervez"}]},{id:"14041",type:"chapter",title:"Loss of Load Expectation Assessment in Electricity Markets using Monte Carlo Simulation and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems",slug:"loss-of-load-expectation-assessment-in-electricity-markets-using-monte-carlo-simulation-and-neuro-fu",totalDownloads:5254,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"H. Haroonabadi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20037",title:"Dr.",name:"Hossein",middleName:null,surname:"Haroonabadi",fullName:"Hossein Haroonabadi",slug:"hossein-haroonabadi"}]},{id:"14042",type:"chapter",title:"Automating First- and Second-order Monte Carlo Simulations for Markov Models in TreeAge Pro",slug:"automating-first-and-second-order-monte-carlo-simulations-for-markov-models-in-treeage-pro",totalDownloads:4843,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Benjamin P. Geisler",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19631",title:"Dr.",name:"Benjamin",middleName:"Peter",surname:"Geisler",fullName:"Benjamin Geisler",slug:"benjamin-geisler"}]},{id:"14043",type:"chapter",title:"Monte Carlo Simulations of Adsorbed Molecules on Ionic Surfaces",slug:"monte-carlo-simulations-of-adsorbed-molecules-on-ionic-surfaces",totalDownloads:2105,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Abdulwahab Khalil Sallabi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22986",title:"Prof.",name:"A",middleName:null,surname:"Slabi",fullName:"A Slabi",slug:"a-slabi"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1813",title:"Medical Informatics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9491881d167f70982dd1da2f504ffe0e",slug:"medical-informatics",bookSignature:"Shaul Mordechai and Ranjit Sahu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1813.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"21994",title:"Prof.",name:"Shaul",surname:"Mordechai",slug:"shaul-mordechai",fullName:"Shaul Mordechai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"31516",title:"Innovative Integration of Information Systems for Managing a National Access to Surgery",slug:"innovative-integration-of-information-system-for-managing-a-national-access-to-surgery-system",signatures:"Luís Velez Lapão",authors:[{id:"117156",title:"Prof.",name:"Luís",middleName:null,surname:"Velez Lapão",fullName:"Luís Velez Lapão",slug:"luis-velez-lapao"}]},{id:"31517",title:"Anonymization Approach for Protect Privacy of Medical Data and Knowledge Management",slug:"anonymization-approach-for-protect-privacy-of-medical-data-and-knowledge-management",signatures:"Asmaa Hatem Rashid and Norizan Binti Mohd Yasin",authors:[{id:"111689",title:"Dr.",name:"Asmaa",middleName:"Hatem",surname:"Rashid",fullName:"Asmaa Rashid",slug:"asmaa-rashid"},{id:"111694",title:"Dr.",name:"Norizan",middleName:null,surname:"Binti Mohd Yasin",fullName:"Norizan Binti Mohd Yasin",slug:"norizan-binti-mohd-yasin"}]},{id:"31518",title:"Aligning Biomedical Terminologies in French: Towards Semantic Interoperability in Medical Applications",slug:"methods-to-map-biomedical-terminologies-in-french-contribution-to-semantic-interoperability-between-",signatures:"Tayeb Merabti, Lina F. Soualmia, Julien Grosjean, Michel Joubert and Stefan J. Darmoni",authors:[{id:"114132",title:"Dr.",name:"Tayeb",middleName:null,surname:"Merabti",fullName:"Tayeb Merabti",slug:"tayeb-merabti"}]},{id:"31519",title:"A Comprehensive Analysis of MALDI-TOF Spectrometry Data",slug:"a-comprehensive-analysis-of-maldi-tof-spectrometry-data",signatures:"Malgorzata Plechawska-Wojcik",authors:[{id:"113481",title:"Dr.",name:"Małgorzata",middleName:null,surname:"Plechawska-Wojcik",fullName:"Małgorzata Plechawska-Wojcik",slug:"malgorzata-plechawska-wojcik"}]},{id:"31520",title:"Using Brazilian Digital TV to Integrate Health Care Services Embedded in Medical Commercial Devices",slug:"using-the-brazilian-digital-tv-to-integrate-healthcare-services-embedded-in-medical-commercial-devic",signatures:"Vandermi Silva, Ricardo Erikson Veras De Sena Rosa and Vicente Ferreira De Lucena Jr.",authors:[{id:"22796",title:"Dr.",name:"Vicente",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira de Lucena Jr",fullName:"Vicente Ferreira de Lucena Jr",slug:"vicente-ferreira-de-lucena-jr"},{id:"110076",title:"MSc.",name:"Vandermi",middleName:null,surname:"Silva",fullName:"Vandermi Silva",slug:"vandermi-silva"},{id:"140206",title:"MSc.",name:"Ricardo",middleName:null,surname:"Erikson Veras De Sena Rosa",fullName:"Ricardo Erikson Veras De Sena Rosa",slug:"ricardo-erikson-veras-de-sena-rosa"}]},{id:"31521",title:"Real Time Clinical Decision Support System",slug:"real-time-clinical-decision-support-system-modeling-for-prostate-cancer",signatures:"Hsueh-Chun Lin",authors:[{id:"115774",title:"Prof.",name:"Hsueh-Chun",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",fullName:"Hsueh-Chun Lin",slug:"hsueh-chun-lin"}]},{id:"31522",title:"Wireless Monitoring of Patient’s Vital Signs",slug:"wireless-monitoring-of-patient-s-vital-signs-",signatures:"Anna G. C. D. Ribeiro, André L. Maitelli, Ricardo A. M. Valentim, Cicília Raquel Maia Leite and Ana M. G. Guerreiro",authors:[{id:"100392",title:"MSc.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Ribeiro",fullName:"Anna Ribeiro",slug:"anna-ribeiro"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"31",title:"Modeling, Programming and Simulations Using LabVIEW™ Software",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fe9f1976e184444d7672d51fe3ae2795",slug:"modeling-programming-and-simulations-using-labview-software",bookSignature:"Riccardo De Asmundis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/31.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"43508",title:"Prof.",name:"Riccardo",surname:"de Asmundis",slug:"riccardo-de-asmundis",fullName:"Riccardo de Asmundis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"293",title:"Practical Applications and Solutions Using LabVIEW™ Software",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8709b37736bf2d4359e98e5542cae86c",slug:"practical-applications-and-solutions-using-labview-software",bookSignature:"Folea Silviu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/293.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6084",title:"Prof.",name:"Silviu",surname:"Folea",slug:"silviu-folea",fullName:"Silviu Folea"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"294",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Ubiquitous Tool for the Practical Engineer",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e73ce10cff1d0b433ff4ce05c3f05061",slug:"matlab-a-ubiquitous-tool-for-the-practical-engineer",bookSignature:"Clara M. Ionescu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/294.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"2002",title:"Prof.",name:"Clara",surname:"Ionescu",slug:"clara-ionescu",fullName:"Clara Ionescu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"405",title:"Computational Simulations and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"84a582eb7ec291ae468bc75d0fc9a101",slug:"computational-simulations-and-applications",bookSignature:"Jianping Zhu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/405.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62225",title:"Dr.",name:"Jianping",surname:"Zhu",slug:"jianping-zhu",fullName:"Jianping Zhu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1024",title:"Scientific and Engineering Applications Using MATLAB",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1a731616be95d4cf0fb38b2f95093953",slug:"scientific-and-engineering-applications-using-matlab",bookSignature:"Emilson Pereira Leite",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1024.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12051",title:"Prof.",name:"Emilson",surname:"Pereira Leite",slug:"emilson-pereira-leite",fullName:"Emilson Pereira Leite"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"67970",title:"Genetic Biomarkers in Periodontal Disease Diagnosis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88058",slug:"genetic-biomarkers-in-periodontal-disease-diagnosis",body:'\n
\n
1. Introduction
\n
The interplay among the immune system, microbiota, and lifestyle habits like smoking, alcoholism, stress, and diet that leads to constant changes in the host is regulated by genes. These genes encode immune receptors and various molecules involved in the signal transduction pathways that play an essential role in up regulation or down regulation of the immune response essentially the inflammatory reaction in response to a stimuli. Genetic research has focused on understanding how these responses work and also how these responses differ between different individuals. In addition to playing a role in health, the genetic factors also plays a major role in disease susceptibility. This review focuses on the genetic aspects of periodontal diseases wherein researchers are currently focusing on genetic evidences to explain the difference in susceptibility to periodontal disease in different individuals.
\n
Although very prevalent, periodontal diseases are not evenly distributed across populations. Few people, who do not have much contributing local factors such as plaque and calculus, still develop severe destruction of bone whereas some do not develop severe forms of periodontal diseases in spite of having a very poor oral hygiene. This differential expression of periodontitis leads researchers to question if genetics and heritability played a major role. The first evidence that genetics played a role in periodontal diseases emerged in the 1990s. Schafer et al. postulated that a key determinant of whether individuals developed periodontitis or not was dependent on the way their bodies responded to the microbes [1]. Genetic factors and environmental factors determine the susceptibility to disease.
\n
A biomarker is a substance that could indicate a biologic state and is an objective measure to evaluate the current and future disease activity. The National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Definitions Working Group in 1998 defined a biomarker as “a substance that is measured objectively and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention.” These biomarkers could be determined in various biological media like saliva, serum, and gingival crevicular fluid in health as well as disease. Generally, a combination of biomarkers is used in order to predict disease activity.
\n
Genetic susceptibility to multifactorial diseases like periodontitis is usually due to several gene polymorphisms instead of a single, or few, gene mutations. Subtle variations in the genetic code may result in altered expression of the encoded proteins, thereby making individuals with genotypes more susceptible to a given disease.
\n
The genetic link with the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis was started with the initial finding of association of composite genotype (Interleukin-1α and IL-1β) with chronic periodontitis in Caucasian population by Kornman et al. [2]. Following him, lot of studies conducted in different ethnic races linking the association of composite genotype with periodontitis. But the results were contradictory in nature. A variety of single nucleotide polymorphisms of various signaling factors, receptors, connective tissue components, enzymes involved in the host defense against the invading microbes have been reported by several researchers. Use of the genetic risk score could be useful in assessing the susceptibility to periodontitis. However, conflicting results have been reported because of the heterogeneticity of the studies. Different variations in frequency of some alleles in different populations have been observed.
\n
\n
\n
2. Candidate gene approach
\n
\n
2.1 Interleukin-1
\n
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is encoded by IL-1 gene cluster at the chromosomal position 2q13–21. It is produced by inflammatory cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which play an important role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections. It is composed of two molecules, IL-1α and IL-1β. The former regulates intracellular events while the latter acts as an extracellular protein. It plays a major role in the regulation of the inflammatory mechanisms. Studies by Lavu et al., Hao et al. have proposed that IL-1 cluster gene single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with higher risk for periodontitis [3, 4]. Kornman et al. reported a relationship between IL-1α −889 and IL-1β +3954 and the severity of periodontal disease [2].
\n
Kobayashi et al. demonstrated that Asians had a low carriage rate of IL-1α −889 R-allele compared to the other populations [5]. A meta-analysis by Mao et al., showed that IL-1β +3954 polymorphism increases the risk of periodontal disease [6]. Other authors like Amirisetty et al., Masamatti et al. suggested a strong association of IL-1β −511 and +3954 with chronic periodontitis in Indians [7, 8]. Whereas the study by Kaarthikeyan et al. did not find any significant association between interleukin-1β (+3954) polymorphism with chronic periodontitis in Indian population [9].
\n
Karimbux et al. in their systematic review and meta-analysis studied 13 studies and found that IL-1α and IL-1β (IL-1α (−889) C > T, IL-1α (+4845) G > T, IL-1β (+3954) C > T, could be a significant contribution to the risk of developing periodontitis [10]. Similarly, Yin et al. in their meta-analysis has found an association between IL-1α rs17561 and IL-1β rs 1143634 polymorphisms and periodontitis [11]. IL-1 gene cluster single nucleotide polymorphisms cannot be considered a significant risk factor for all populations. They seem to contribute to risk of periodontitis in Asian populations.
\n
\n
\n
2.2 Interleukin-6
\n
Interleukin-6 is produced during inflammation by T cells. It is encoded by the IL-6 gene localized on chromosome 7p21. Interleukin-6 is a potent bone resorbing cytokine. It activates and regulates the osteoclasts. Thus, this plays a major role in the susceptibility and progression of periodontal destruction. Zhang et al. found significant association between IL-6 −1363 G/T and IL-6R +48,892 A/C polymorphisms with periodontitis in Chinese population [12]. In a meta-analysis by Nikolopoulos et al. on cytokine gene polymorphisms such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF which included 53 studies, no significant association was detected between IL-6 and chronic periodontitis [13].
\n
\n
\n
2.3 Interleukin-10
\n
It is an anti-inflammatory cytokine expressed by T helper cells. It is encoded on gene at 1q31-q32. The major regions of interleukin-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms studied were −1082, −819, and −592. However, conflicting results have been obtained. Berglundh et al. found positive associations between IL-10 SNP and periodontitis in Swedish and Brazilian population [14]. Scarel-Caminaga et al. did not find any significant association in the Caucasian population [15].
\n
\n
\n
2.4 TNF-α
\n
It is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages. Gene localized at 6p21.3. A meta-analysis by Nikolopoulos et al., which based on 17 studies showed that there was no association of the TNF-α promoter −308G/A polymorphism with periodontitis while another meta-analysis by Song et al. which also included 17 studies found that TNF-α −308 A allele was associated with periodontitis in Brazilian, Asian, and Turkish populations [13]. Ding et al. in their meta-analysis based on 15 studies found an association between TNF-α SNP and periodontitis in Asian and Caucasian population [16]. Thus, the role of TNF-α SNP in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis has to be explored with further studies.
\n
\n
\n
2.5 TGF-β
\n
It is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in cellular differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. It exists in three isoforms TGF-β1, β2, and β3. Cui et al. in their meta-analysis found significant association between TGF-β SNP and periodontitis in Asian population. However, few other studies by different authors did not show any association.
\n
\n
\n
2.6 IFN-γ
\n
Produced by natural killer cells. The gene is located on chromosome 12q24. Heidari et al. found an association between IFN-γ SNP in Iranian population, while Holla et al. did not find any significant association [17].
\n
\n
\n
2.7 Vitamin D
\n
Vitamin D and Vitamin D receptor are important mediators of bone metabolism. SNPs or dysfunction could lead to bone resorption. The gene encoding vitamin D is located on 12q12-q14.
\n
Gross et al. in their study found that Fok1 polymorphism was associated with periodontitis. Brett et al. in their study found TaqI, BsmI, FokI and ApaI SNPs were associated with periodontitis [18]. Kaarthikeyan et al. did not find any significant association of VDR Taq1 polymorphism with periodontitis in south Indian population [19]. Mashhadiabbas et al. in their meta-analysis based on 38 studies found an association of vitamin D receptor BsmI, TaqI, FokI, and ApaI polymorphisms with periodontitis [20].
\n
\n
\n
2.8 Matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase
\n
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the key enzymes, which play a major role in the destruction of the collagenous and non-collagenous proteins of the connective tissue component. This is essential for maintaining the normal tissue homeostasis. To date, at least 26 members of MMPs have been identified. In periodontitis, this tissue homeostasis is altered with more destruction of connective tissue components and less inhibition by the TIMPs. Elevated levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9 have been detected in gingival crevicular fluid, peri-implant sulcular fluid, and gingival tissue of periodontitis patients. Thus, the genetic changes of the MMPs and TIMPs might play a role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. According to Li et al., there was no significant association of MMP1, 8, 9, 12, 2, or 13 polymorphism with periodontitis. They did a meta-analysis of 17 studies [21]. Thus, the role of MMPs and TIMPs gene polymorphism with periodontitis has to be explored with further refined studies.
\n
\n
\n
\n
3. Genome wide association analysis
\n
Rhodin et al. in their systematic analysis listed top genes NIN, ABHD12B, WHAMM, AP3B2, CPEB1, HGD, ZNF675, EMK1, TNFRSF10B, HTR4, WDR59, JDP2, OTOF, ANGEL2, etc. that showed evidence of association with severity of periodontitis and colonization of microorganisms [22]. GWAS is a recent development in the field of research. It highlights suggestive loci that could play an important role in periodontitis. However, the method is expensive and technique sensitive. Many GWAS in periodontitis has been carried out and has shown differential expression of varied genes [23, 24, 25, 26].
\n
\n
\n
4. Epigenetic modifications
\n
Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA-associated silencing (micro RNA) play a role in susceptibility to disease. These modifications express or repress certain genes.
\n
Loo et al. in their study showed that methylation of E-Cadherin and COX-2 was observed in periodontitis patients. Nahid et al. demonstrated the expression of miR-146a in infections caused by periodontopathic bacteria. Park et al. in their study observed that miRNA-132 played a major role in pathogenesis induced by P. Gingivalis. Several studies have reported the influence of various microRNAs especially miR-146a, let-7a, miR-196a, miR-499a, and miR-125a in susceptibility to chronic periodontitis [27, 28, 29]. Priyanka et al. in their study have found association of microRNA-125a and microRNA-499a polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis in south Indian population [30].
\n
\n
\n
5. Infectogenomics
\n
Infectogenomics refers to the association of the host genetic variants like single nucleotide polymorphisms with the composition of the microbial complexes in the host body. The recent meta-analysis by Nibali et al. has shown an association of 13 host genetic variants with the red/orange complex bacteria in periodontitis. The study by Divaris et al. has shown an association of two genetic loci (KCNK1 and DAB2IP) with high colonization of red complex bacteria. A more detailed knowledge of the human oral microbiome could provide more information on its association with host genetic variants [31, 32].
\n
\n
\n
6. Conclusion
\n
Although there are several studies that associate various candidate gene polymorphisms to periodontitis, till date there is not much clarity in the genetic susceptibility to the disease since there are a multitude of etiological factors and epigenetic factors that contribute to the susceptibility as well as severity of periodontal disease. Future research should focus on the multitude of genes, their multiple interactions and the epigenetic regulation during different stages of periodontal disease pathogenesis is required to fully understand the molecular mechanisms behind the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis.
\n
\n\n',keywords:"gene polymorphisms, SNPs, periodontitis, genome wide association studies, infectogenomics, epigenetics",chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/67970.pdf",chapterXML:"https://mts.intechopen.com/source/xml/67970.xml",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/67970",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/67970",totalDownloads:792,totalViews:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,dateSubmitted:"October 30th 2018",dateReviewed:"June 14th 2019",datePrePublished:"November 11th 2019",datePublished:"February 5th 2020",dateFinished:"July 4th 2019",readingETA:"0",abstract:"Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with multifactorial etiology. The anaerobic bacteria have been implicated as the main etiological factor for periodontal destruction. Not all the individuals having the similar amount of plaque and calculus develop the periodontitis. Thus, the host susceptibility to periodontal pathogens plays a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The genetic factor is the major determinant of the host susceptibility. There are contradictory results and varied results of the association of various genetic loci of different genes with periodontitis in different ethnic populations. This chapter will briefly discuss the various candidates’ gene approach in understanding the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. This chapter also throws some light on the relationship of the recent advances in genetic analysis like genome wide association studies, epigenetic regulation, and infectogenomics with periodontal destruction.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/67970",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/67970",signatures:"Gurumoorthy Kaarthikeyan and Swarna Meenakshi",book:{id:"8202",type:"book",title:"Periodontal Disease",subtitle:"Diagnostic and Adjunctive Non-surgical Considerations",fullTitle:"Periodontal Disease - Diagnostic and Adjunctive Non-surgical Considerations",slug:"periodontal-disease-diagnostic-and-adjunctive-non-surgical-considerations",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",bookSignature:"Nermin Mohammed Ahmed Yussif",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8202.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:"978-1-78984-461-0",printIsbn:"978-1-78984-460-3",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-136-6",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"210472",title:"Dr.",name:"Nermin",middleName:"Mohammed Ahmed",surname:"Yussif",slug:"nermin-yussif",fullName:"Nermin Yussif"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null,sections:[{id:"sec_1",title:"1. Introduction",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2",title:"2. Candidate gene approach",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2_2",title:"2.1 Interleukin-1",level:"2"},{id:"sec_3_2",title:"2.2 Interleukin-6",level:"2"},{id:"sec_4_2",title:"2.3 Interleukin-10",level:"2"},{id:"sec_5_2",title:"2.4 TNF-α",level:"2"},{id:"sec_6_2",title:"2.5 TGF-β",level:"2"},{id:"sec_7_2",title:"2.6 IFN-γ",level:"2"},{id:"sec_8_2",title:"2.7 Vitamin D",level:"2"},{id:"sec_9_2",title:"2.8 Matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase",level:"2"},{id:"sec_11",title:"3. Genome wide association analysis",level:"1"},{id:"sec_12",title:"4. Epigenetic modifications",level:"1"},{id:"sec_13",title:"5. Infectogenomics",level:"1"},{id:"sec_14",title:"6. Conclusion",level:"1"}],chapterReferences:[{id:"B1",body:'Shlafer S, Riep B, Griffen AL, Petrich A, Hubner J, Berning M, et al. Filifactor alocis—Involvement in periodontal biofilms. BMC Microbiology. 2010;10(66):1-13. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-66\n'},{id:"B2",body:'Kornman KS, Crane A, Wang HY, Giovlne FS, Newman MG, Pirk FW, et al. The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1997;24(1):72-77\n'},{id:"B3",body:'Lavu V, Venkatesan V, Venkata Kameswara Subrahmanya Lakkakula B, Venugopal P, Paul SF, Rao SR. Polymorphic regions in the interleukin-1 gene and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis: A genetic association study. Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers. 2015;19(4):175-181\n'},{id:"B4",body:'Hao L, Li JL, Yue Y, Tian Y, Wang M, Loo WT, et al. Application of interleukin-1 genes and proteins to monitor the status of chronic periodontitis. The International Journal of Biological Markers. 2013;28(1):92-99. DOI: 10.5301/JBM.5000013\n'},{id:"B5",body:'Kobayashi T, Ito S, Kuroda T, Yamamoto K, et al. The interleukin-1 and Fcgamma receptor gene polymorphisms in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology. 2007;78:2311-2318\n'},{id:"B6",body:'Mao M, Zeng XT, Ma T, He W, Zhang C, Zhou J. Interleukin-1α −899 (+4845) C→ T polymorphism increases the risk of chronic periodontitis: Evidence from a meta-analysis of 23 case–control studies. Gene. 2013;532(1):121-126\n'},{id:"B7",body:'Masamatti SS, Kumar A, Baron TK, Mehta DS, et al. Evaluation of interleukin-1B (+3954) gene polymorphism in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis: A genetic association study. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. 2012;3:144-149\n'},{id:"B8",body:'Amirisetty R, Patel RP, Das S, Saraf J, Jyothy A, Munshi A. Interleukin 1ß (+3954, −511 and −31) polymorphism in chronic periodontitis patients from North India. 2015;73(5):343-347\n'},{id:"B10",body:'Karimbux NY, Jayakumar ND, Padmalatha O, Sheeja V, Sankari M, Anandan B. Analysis of the association between interleukin-1β (+3954) gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis in a sample of the south Indian population. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2009;20(1):37\n'},{id:"B9",body:'Kaarthikeyan G, Saraiya VM, Elangovan S, Allareddy V, Kinnunen T, Kornman KS, et al. Interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis in adult whites: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Periodontology. 2012;83(11):1407-1419\n'},{id:"B11",body:'Yin WT, Pan YP, Lin L. Association between IL-1α rs17561 and IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphisms and periodontitis: A meta-analysis. Genetics and Molecular Research. 2016;15(1):1-8\n'},{id:"B12",body:'Zhang HY, Feng L, Wu H, Xie XD. The association of IL-6 and IL-6R gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis in a Chinese population. Oral Diseases. 2014;20(1):69-75\n'},{id:"B13",body:'Nikolopoulos GK, Dimou NL, Hamodrakas SJ, Bagos PG. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in periodontal disease: A meta-analysis of 53 studies including 4178 cases and 4590 controls. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2008;35(9):754-767\n'},{id:"B14",body:'Berglundh T, Donati M, Hahn-Zoric M, Hanson LÅ, Padyukov L. Association of the −1087 IL-10 gene polymorphism with severe chronic periodontitis in Swedish Caucasians. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2003;30(3):249-254\n'},{id:"B15",body:'Scarel Caminaga RM, Trevilatto PC, Souza AP, Brito RB, Camargo LE, Line SR. Interleukin 10 gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with chronic periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2004;31(6):443-448\n'},{id:"B16",body:'Ding C, Ji X, Chen X, Xu Y, Zhong L. TNF-α gene promoter polymorphisms contribute to periodontitis susceptibility: Evidence from 46 studies. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2014;41(8):748-759\n'},{id:"B17",body:'Holla LI, Hrdlickova B, Linhartova P, Fassmann A. Interferon-γ + 874A/T polymorphism in relation to generalized chronic periodontitis and the presence of periodontopathic bacteria. Archives of Oral Biology. 2011;56(2):153-158\n'},{id:"B18",body:'Gross C, Krishnan AV, Malloy PJ, Eccleshall TR, Zhao XY, Feldman D. The vitamin D receptor gene start codon polymorphism: A functional analysis of FokI variants. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 1998;13(11):1691-1699\n'},{id:"B19",body:'Kaarthikeyan G, Jayakumar ND, Padmalatha O, Varghese S, Anand B. Analysis of association of TaqI VDR gene polymorphism with the chronic periodontitis in Dravidian ethnicity. Indian Journal of Human Genetics. 2013;19(4):465\n'},{id:"B20",body:'Mashhadiabbas F, Neamatzadeh H, Nasiri R, Foroughi E, Farahnak S, Piroozmand P, et al. Association of vitamin D receptor BsmI, TaqI, FokI, and ApaI polymorphisms with susceptibility of chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on 38 case–control studies. Dental Research Journal. 2018;15(3):155\n'},{id:"B21",body:'Li W, Zhu Y, Singh P, Ajmera DH, Song J, Ji P. Association of common variants in MMPs with periodontitis risk. Disease Markers. 2016;2016:1-20\n'},{id:"B22",body:'Rhodin K, Divaris K, North KE, Barros SP, Moss K, Beck JD, et al. Chronic periodontitis genome-wide association studies: Gene-centric and gene set enrichment analyses. Journal of Dental Research. 2014;93(9):882-890\n'},{id:"B23",body:'Hong KW, Shin MS, Ahn YB, Lee HJ, Kim HD. Genomewide association study on chronic periodontitis in Korean population: Results from the Yangpyeong health cohort. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2015;42(8):703-710\n'},{id:"B24",body:'Divaris K, Monda KL, North KE, et al. Exploring the genetic basis of chronic periodontitis: A genome-wide association study. Human Molecular Genetics. 2013;22(11):2312-2324\n'},{id:"B25",body:'Sanders AE, Sofer T, Wong Q , Kerr KF, Agler C, Shaffer JR, et al. Chronic periodontitis genome-wide association study in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos. Journal of Dental Research. 2017;96(1):64-72\n'},{id:"B26",body:'Offenbacher S, Divaris K, Barros SP, Moss KL, Marchesan JT, Morelli T, et al. Genome-wide association study of biologically informed periodontal complex traits offers novel insights into the genetic basis of periodontal disease. Human Molecular Genetics. 2016;25(10):2113-2129\n'},{id:"B27",body:'Nahid MA, Rivera M, Lucas A, Chan EK, Kesavalu L. Polymicrobial infection with periodontal pathogens specifically enhances microRNA miR-146a in ApoE−/− mice during experimental periodontal disease. Infection and Immunity. 2011;79(4):1597-1605\n'},{id:"B28",body:'Perri R, Nares S, Zhang S, Barros SP, Offenbacher S. MicroRNA modulation in obesity and periodontitis. Journal of Dental Research. 2012;91(1):33-38\n'},{id:"B29",body:'Kebschull M, Papapanou PN. Mini but mighty: Micro RNA s in the pathobiology of periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000. 2015 Oct;69(1):201-220\n'},{id:"B30",body:'Venugopal P, Lavu V, Rao SR, Venkatesan V. Association of microRNA-125a and microRNA-499a polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis in a sample south Indian population: A hospital-based genetic association study. Gene. 2017;631:10-15\n'},{id:"B31",body:'Nibali L, Di Iorio A, Onabolu O, Lin GH. Periodontal infectogenomics: Systematic review of associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2016;43(11):889-900\n'},{id:"B32",body:'Divaris K, Monda KL, North KE, Olshan AF, Lange EM, Moss K, et al. Genome-wide association study of periodontal pathogen colonization. Journal of Dental Research. 2012;91(7_suppl):S21-S28\n'}],footnotes:[],contributors:[{corresp:"yes",contributorFullName:"Gurumoorthy Kaarthikeyan",address:"drkarthik79@yahoo.co.in",affiliation:'
Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
'}],corrections:null},book:{id:"8202",type:"book",title:"Periodontal Disease",subtitle:"Diagnostic and Adjunctive Non-surgical Considerations",fullTitle:"Periodontal Disease - Diagnostic and Adjunctive Non-surgical Considerations",slug:"periodontal-disease-diagnostic-and-adjunctive-non-surgical-considerations",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",bookSignature:"Nermin Mohammed Ahmed Yussif",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8202.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:"978-1-78984-461-0",printIsbn:"978-1-78984-460-3",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-136-6",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"210472",title:"Dr.",name:"Nermin",middleName:"Mohammed Ahmed",surname:"Yussif",slug:"nermin-yussif",fullName:"Nermin Yussif"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},profile:{item:{id:"69674",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomohiro",middleName:null,surname:"Hasumi",email:"t-hasumi.1981@toki.waseda.jp",fullName:"Tomohiro Hasumi",slug:"tomohiro-hasumi",position:"Consultant",biography:null,institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",totalCites:0,totalChapterViews:"0",outsideEditionCount:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalEditedBooks:"0",personalWebsiteURL:null,twitterURL:null,linkedinURL:null,institution:null},booksEdited:[],chaptersAuthored:[{id:"30701",title:"The Weibull – Log-Weibull Transition of Interoccurrence Time of Earthquakes",slug:"the-weibull-log-weibull-statistics-of-interoccurrence-times-of-earthquakes",abstract:null,signatures:"Tomohiro Hasumi, Chien-chih Chen, Takuma Akimoto and Yoji Aizawa",authors:[{id:"64304",title:"Dr.",name:"Chien-Chih",surname:"Chen",fullName:"Chien-Chih Chen",slug:"chien-chih-chen",email:"chencc@earth.ncu.edu.tw"},{id:"69674",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomohiro",surname:"Hasumi",fullName:"Tomohiro Hasumi",slug:"tomohiro-hasumi",email:"t-hasumi.1981@toki.waseda.jp"},{id:"79699",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoji",surname:"Aizawa",fullName:"Yoji Aizawa",slug:"yoji-aizawa",email:"aizawa@waseda.jp"},{id:"79742",title:"Dr.",name:"Takuma",surname:"Akimoto",fullName:"Takuma Akimoto",slug:"takuma-akimoto",email:"akimoto@z8.keio.jp"}],book:{id:"2051",title:"Earthquake Research and Analysis",slug:"earthquake-research-and-analysis-statistical-studies-observations-and-planning",productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume"}}}],collaborators:[{id:"51858",title:"MSc",name:"Elvis",surname:"Pontes",slug:"elvis-pontes",fullName:"Elvis Pontes",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/51858/images/system/51858.jpg",biography:"Elvis Pontes is a full Professor at the University Estácio de Sá, and Adjunct Professor at the Universidade Paulista and at SENAC. He also owns a consulting company in the information technology field that has been running for 17 years. Professor Pontes currently holds an MSc from the Institute of Technological Research of São Paulo, MBA from the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Researches, BSc from the Technological Institute of Osasco, a Technological Degree from the Technological Institute of Barueri (ITB), and is preparing a PhD at the University of São Paulo. Awards include: top student at ITB (among 36 fellows) and at MSc, among the top 5 papers at the ICDIM’11 Congress (University of Melbourne), second best paper at the I2TS’08 Symposium (of 133 papers), and scholarship from the ICDIM’09 (University of Michigan) and ICDIM’10 (Lakehead University). As a result of his research, Professor Pontes was invited to collaborate with the United States Department of Defense. He is also a reviewer for journals and books for Elsevier and InTech.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Sao Paulo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"51860",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergio",surname:"Kofuji",slug:"sergio-kofuji",fullName:"Sergio Kofuji",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/51860/images/4851_n.jpg",biography:"Sérgio Takeo Kofuji holds Bachelor Degree in Physics from the University of São Paulo (1985), Masters in Electrical Engineering from the University of São Paulo (1988) and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of São Paulo (1995). He is currently Professor RiDP Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Sao Paulo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"64304",title:"Dr.",name:"Chien-Chih",surname:"Chen",slug:"chien-chih-chen",fullName:"Chien-Chih Chen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Central University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"73282",title:"Prof.",name:"Dumitru",surname:"Stanica",slug:"dumitru-stanica",fullName:"Dumitru Stanica",position:"Deputy Director",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"75011",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",surname:"Tikhonov",slug:"ivan-tikhonov",fullName:"Ivan Tikhonov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"79699",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoji",surname:"Aizawa",slug:"yoji-aizawa",fullName:"Yoji Aizawa",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Waseda University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"79742",title:"Dr.",name:"Takuma",surname:"Akimoto",slug:"takuma-akimoto",fullName:"Takuma Akimoto",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Keio University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"80853",title:"Dr.",name:"Ayten",surname:"Yigiter",slug:"ayten-yigiter",fullName:"Ayten Yigiter",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Hacettepe University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"80863",title:"MSc",name:"Armand",surname:"Stanica",slug:"armand-stanica",fullName:"Armand Stanica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:"Training at USGS",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"121075",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",surname:"Rodkin",slug:"michael-rodkin",fullName:"Michael Rodkin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Russian Academy of Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}]},generic:{page:{slug:"open-access-funding-funders-list",title:"List of Funders by Country",intro:"
If your research is financed through any of the below-mentioned funders, please consult their Open Access policies or grant ‘terms and conditions’ to explore ways to cover your publication costs (also accessible by clicking on the link in their title).
\n\n
IMPORTANT: You must be a member or grantee of the listed funders in order to apply for their Open Access publication funds. Do not attempt to contact the funders if this is not the case.
",metaTitle:"List of Funders by Country",metaDescription:"If your research is financed through any of the below-mentioned funders, please consult their Open Access policies or grant ‘terms and conditions’ to explore ways to cover your publication costs (also accessible by clicking on the link in their title).",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/open-access-funding-funders-list",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"
UK Research and Innovation (former Research Councils UK (RCUK) - including AHRC, BBSRC, ESRC, EPSRC, MRC, NERC, STFC.) Processing charges for books/book chapters can be covered through RCUK block grants which are allocated to most universities in the UK, which then handle the OA publication funding requests. It is at the discretion of the university whether it will approve the request.)
UK Research and Innovation (former Research Councils UK (RCUK) - including AHRC, BBSRC, ESRC, EPSRC, MRC, NERC, STFC.) Processing charges for books/book chapters can be covered through RCUK block grants which are allocated to most universities in the UK, which then handle the OA publication funding requests. It is at the discretion of the university whether it will approve the request.)
Wellcome Trust (Funding available only to Wellcome-funded researchers/grantees)
\n
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[],filtersByRegion:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"1",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",src:"ECM",topicId:"8,9,10,11,14,15,17,20,22,24"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11554",title:"Information Systems Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3134452ff2fdec020663f241c7a9a748",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11554.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11546",title:"Smart and Sustainable Transportation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e8ea27a1ff85cde00efcb6f6968c20f8",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11546.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11834",title:"Steppe Geography",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"363517fa6f079daf94c51ea1b91fed2a",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11834.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11836",title:"Estuary Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ef822fc9eee5600aeb7e45492e04a6e7",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11836.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11837",title:"The Mediterranean",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bbb25987a982d61da4f47fb13614ba3c",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11837.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11846",title:"Seabed",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1b1698a2d8d36b5ec3571c20486eb2c9",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11846.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11911",title:"Scientometrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ed74b66a0dc7d009900af198efc6b2e1",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11911.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11913",title:"Scheduling Algorithms",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"da42ea7b678d715e23ffcae50ae47078",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11913.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11915",title:"Ontology in Computer Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b52397215f6b5e05a22368f629695704",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11915.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11917",title:"Computational Semantics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bd9343348f2c50dbbc819a0b48a76591",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11917.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11938",title:"Ballistics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9c64ef67aac55216f08c65a2a179835c",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11938.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11941",title:"Advances in Turbomachinery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"fe2c693976d70c5d0cc5f8003e6e73c5",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11941.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:41},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:16},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:16},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:32},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:100},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:32},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1}],offset:12,limit:12,total:105},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3340,editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11001",title:"Density Functional Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"82d53383af78ab41eb982086c02fb2bb",slug:"density-functional-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11001.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1845,editors:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1096,editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:995,editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3791,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11752",title:"Natural Drugs from Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0a83c0822608ef7592bf16a5ed0ada4",slug:"natural-drugs-from-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11752.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2982,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:559,editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:546,editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:539,editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:535,editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10871",title:"Computed-Tomography (CT) Scan",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"966d8cf74fa27eea1b9cbc9a6ee94993",slug:"computed-tomography-ct-scan",bookSignature:"Reda R. Gharieb",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10871.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",slug:"reda-r.-gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10654",title:"Brain-Computer Interface",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a5308884068cc53ed31c6baba756857f",slug:"brain-computer-interface",bookSignature:"Vahid Asadpour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10654.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11196",title:"New Updates in E-Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6afaadf68e2a0a4b370ac5ceb5ca89c6",slug:"new-updates-in-e-learning",bookSignature:"Eduard Babulak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11196.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"10086",title:"Prof.",name:"Eduard",middleName:null,surname:"Babulak",slug:"eduard-babulak",fullName:"Eduard Babulak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"294",title:"Multimedia",slug:"technology-multimedia",parent:{id:"24",title:"Technology",slug:"technology"},numberOfBooks:1,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:1,numberOfWosCitations:29,numberOfCrossrefCitations:32,numberOfDimensionsCitations:45,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"294",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"3638",title:"New Achievements in Technology",subtitle:"Education and Development",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",bookSignature:"Safeeullah Soomro",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3638.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"951",title:"Dr.",name:"Safeeullah",middleName:null,surname:"Soomro",slug:"safeeullah-soomro",fullName:"Safeeullah Soomro"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:1,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"10538",doi:"10.5772/9228",title:"Augmented Reality Technology for Education",slug:"augmented-reality-technology-for-education",totalDownloads:3670,totalCrossrefCites:16,totalDimensionsCites:17,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Mariano Alcaniz, Manuel Contero, David C. Perez-Lopez and Mario Ortega",authors:null},{id:"10542",doi:"10.5772/9232",title:"Creating an Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Higher Education",slug:"creating-an-entrepreneurship-ecosystem-in-higher-education",totalDownloads:4334,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:14,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Luisa Carvalho, Teresa Costa and Pedro Dominguinhos",authors:null},{id:"10541",doi:"10.5772/9231",title:"The Implementation of Ict Integration in Malaysian Smart Schools",slug:"the-implementation-of-ict-integration-in-malaysian-smart-schools",totalDownloads:4697,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Wan Zah Wan Ali and Hajar Mohd Nor",authors:null},{id:"10526",doi:"10.5772/9216",title:"Bridging the Digital Divide and the Impact of New Media Technologies on Development in South Africa",slug:"bridging-the-digital-divide-and-the-impact-of-new-media-technologies-on-development-in-south-africa",totalDownloads:6550,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Osunkunle, Oluyinka Oludolapo",authors:null},{id:"10527",doi:"10.5772/9217",title:"Academic and Professional Development of Nursing in Spain: a Decade for Change",slug:"academic-and-professional-development-of-nursing-in-spain-a-decade-for-change",totalDownloads:3399,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Mariscal Crespo M.I, Merino Navarro D, Mena Navarro F, Macia Soler L, Zabalegui Yarnoz A and Camacho Bejarano R",authors:null}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"10531",title:"Improving Student Competencies Through Face–to-Face and Virtual Teams",slug:"improving-student-competencies-through-face-to-face-and-virtual-teams",totalDownloads:1695,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Oltra M. J., Boronat M., Garcia C. and Flor M.",authors:null},{id:"10550",title:"A Modified Agile Methodology for an ERP Academic Project Development",slug:"a-modified-agile-methodology-for-an-erp-academic-project-development",totalDownloads:2933,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Estelles, E., Pardo, J., Sanchez, F. and Falco A.",authors:null},{id:"10530",title:"Working in Terms of Competences: Activities Designed Using Active Methodologies",slug:"working-in-terms-of-competences-activities-designed-using-active-methodologies",totalDownloads:1424,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Rosario Vilaplana, Oscar Gomis and Antonio Hyder",authors:null},{id:"10537",title:"Educational Software as a Learning Tool for Primary School Students",slug:"educational-software-as-a-learning-tool-for-primary-school-students",totalDownloads:7617,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Marco Vannucci and Valentina Colla",authors:null},{id:"10525",title:"Applied Geoinformatics in Forestry and Landscape Research and Education",slug:"applied-geoinformatics-in-forestry-and-landscape-research-and-education",totalDownloads:2788,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:null,book:{id:"3638",slug:"new-achievements-in-technology-education-and-development",title:"New Achievements in Technology",fullTitle:"New Achievements in Technology, Education and Development"},signatures:"Vladimir Zidek and Martin Klimanek",authors:null}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"294",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[],lsSeriesList:[],hsSeriesList:[],sshSeriesList:[],testimonialsList:[]},series:{item:{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",issn:"2631-5343",scope:"Biomedical Engineering is one of the fastest-growing interdisciplinary branches of science and industry. The combination of electronics and computer science with biology and medicine has improved patient diagnosis, reduced rehabilitation time, and helped to facilitate a better quality of life. Nowadays, all medical imaging devices, medical instruments, or new laboratory techniques result from the cooperation of specialists in various fields. The series of Biomedical Engineering books covers such areas of knowledge as chemistry, physics, electronics, medicine, and biology. This series is intended for doctors, engineers, and scientists involved in biomedical engineering or those wanting to start working in this field.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/7.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 13th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:12,editor:{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",slug:"robert-koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",biography:"Robert Koprowski, MD (1997), PhD (2003), Habilitation (2015), is an employee of the University of Silesia, Poland, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems. For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/91.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/181603/images/system/181603.jpg",biography:"Antonella Petrillo is a Professor at the Department of Engineering of the University of Naples “Parthenope”, Italy. She received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Cassino. Her research interests include multi-criteria decision analysis, industrial plant, logistics, manufacturing and safety. She serves as an Associate Editor for the International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. She is a member of AHP Academy and a member of several editorial boards. She has over 160 Scientific Publications in International Journals and Conferences and she is the author of 5 books on Innovation and Decision Making in Industrial Applications and Engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Parthenope University of Naples",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"92",title:"Health and Wellbeing",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/92.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"348225",title:"Prof.",name:"Ann",middleName:null,surname:"Hemingway",slug:"ann-hemingway",fullName:"Ann Hemingway",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035LZFoQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-04-11T14:55:40.jpg",biography:"Professor Hemingway is a public health researcher, Bournemouth University, undertaking international and UK research focused on reducing inequalities in health outcomes for marginalised and excluded populations and more recently focused on equine assisted interventions.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bournemouth University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"93",title:"Inclusivity and Social Equity",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/93.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"210060",title:"Prof. Dr.",name:"Ebba",middleName:null,surname:"Ossiannilsson",slug:"ebba-ossiannilsson",fullName:"Ebba Ossiannilsson",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6LkBQAU/Profile_Picture_2022-02-28T13:31:48.png",biography:'Professor Dr. Ebba Ossiannilsson is an independent researcher, expert, consultant, quality auditor and influencer in the fields of open, flexible online and distance learning (OFDL) and the "new normal". Her focus is on quality, innovation, leadership, and personalised learning. She works primarily at the strategic and policy levels, both nationally and internationally, and with key international organisations. She is committed to promoting and improving OFDL in the context of SDG4 and the future of education. Ossiannilsson has more than 20 years of experience in her current field, but more than 40 years in the education sector. She works as a reviewer and expert for the European Commission and collaborates with the Joint Research Centre for Quality in Open Education. Ossiannilsson also collaborates with ITCILO and ICoBC (International Council on Badges and Credentials). She is a member of the ICDE Board of Directors and has previously served on the boards of EDEN and EUCEN. Ossiannilsson is a quality expert and reviewer for ICDE, EDEN and the EADTU. She chairs the ICDE OER Advocacy Committee and is a member of the ICDE Quality Network. She is regularly invited as a keynote speaker at conferences. She is a guest editor for several special issues and a member of the editorial board of several scientific journals. She has published more than 200 articles and is currently working on book projects in the field of OFDL. Ossiannilsson is a visiting professor at several international universities and was recently appointed Professor and Research Fellow at Victoria University of Wellington, NZ. Ossiannilsson has been awarded the following fellowships: EDEN Fellows, EDEN Council of Fellows, and Open Education Europe. She is a ICDE OER Ambassador, Open Education Europe Ambassador, GIZ Ambassador for Quality in Digital Learning, and part of the Globe-Community of Digital Learning and Champion of SPARC Europe. On a national level, she is a quality developer at the Swedish Institute for Standards (SIS) and for ISO. She is a member of the Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition Sweden and Vice President of the Swedish Association for Distance Education. She is currently working on a government initiative on quality in distance education at the National Council for Higher Education. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Oulu, Finland.',institutionString:"Swedish Association for Distance Education, Sweden",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"94",title:"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/94.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!1,editor:null,editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"95",title:"Urban Planning and Environmental Management",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/95.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"181079",title:"Dr.",name:"Christoph",middleName:null,surname:"Lüthi",slug:"christoph-luthi",fullName:"Christoph Lüthi",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRHSqQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-04-12T15:51:33.png",biography:"Dr. Christoph Lüthi is an urban infrastructure planner with over 25 years of experience in planning and design of urban infrastructure in middle and low-income countries. He holds a Master’s Degree in Urban Development Planning from the University College of London (UCL), and a Ph.D. in Urban Planning & Engineering from TU Berlin. He has conducted applied research on urban planning and infrastructure issues in over 20 countries in Africa and Asia. In 2005 he joined Eawag-Sandec as Leader of the Strategic Environmental Sanitation Planning Group. Since 2015 he heads the research department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Research and Technology (Eawag).",institutionString:"Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Switzerland",institution:null},editorTwo:{id:"290571",title:"Dr.",name:"Rui Alexandre",middleName:null,surname:"Castanho",slug:"rui-alexandre-castanho",fullName:"Rui Alexandre Castanho",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/290571/images/system/290571.jpg",biography:"Rui Alexandre Castanho has a master\\'s degree in Planning, Audit, and Control in Urban Green Spaces and an international Ph.D. in Sustainable Planning in Borderlands. Currently, he is a professor at WSB University, Poland, and a visiting professor at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Dr. Castanho is a post-doc researcher on the GREAT Project, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. He collaborates with the Environmental Resources Analysis Research Group (ARAM), University of Extremadura (UEx), Spain; VALORIZA - Research Center for the Enhancement of Endogenous Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), Portugal; Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CITUR), Madeira, Portugal; and AQUAGEO Research Group, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.",institutionString:"University of Johannesburg, South Africa and WSB University, Poland",institution:{name:"University of Johannesburg",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:11,paginationItems:[{id:"81920",title:"Rethinking an Approach for Sustainable Globalization",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105141",signatures:"Parakram Pyakurel",slug:"rethinking-an-approach-for-sustainable-globalization",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:null,totalDimensionsCites:null,authors:null,book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"81297",title:"Legumes Cropping and Nitrogen Fixation under Mediterranean Climate",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104473",signatures:"Fernando Teixeira",slug:"legumes-cropping-and-nitrogen-fixation-under-mediterranean-climate",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Food Systems Resilience",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10897.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"81493",title:"Rust Disease Classification Using Deep Learning Based Algorithm: The Case of Wheat",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104426",signatures:"Shivani Sood, Harjeet Singh and Suruchi Jindal",slug:"rust-disease-classification-using-deep-learning-based-algorithm-the-case-of-wheat",totalDownloads:40,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Food Systems Resilience",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10897.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"81428",title:"Observatory of Sustainable Development in Postgraduate Study Programs in Baja California",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104641",signatures:"Rodolfo Martinez-Gutierrez, Maria Marcela Solis-Quinteros, Maria Esther Ibarra-Estrada and Angel Ernesto Jimenez-Bernardino",slug:"observatory-of-sustainable-development-in-postgraduate-study-programs-in-baja-california",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},openForSubmissionBooks:{},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"81821",title:"Pneumococcal Carriage in Jordanian Children and the Importance of Vaccination",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104999",signatures:"Adnan Al-Lahham",slug:"pneumococcal-carriage-in-jordanian-children-and-the-importance-of-vaccination",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"81813",title:"Schistosomiasis: Discovery of New Molecules for Disease Treatment and Vaccine Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104738",signatures:"Andressa Barban do Patrocinio",slug:"schistosomiasis-discovery-of-new-molecules-for-disease-treatment-and-vaccine-development",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"New Horizons for Schistosomiasis Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10829.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"81644",title:"Perspective Chapter: Ethics of Using Placebo Controlled Trials for Covid-19 Vaccine Development in Vulnerable Populations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104776",signatures:"Lesley Burgess, Jurie Jordaan and Matthew Wilson",slug:"perspective-chapter-ethics-of-using-placebo-controlled-trials-for-covid-19-vaccine-development-in-vu",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"80546",title:"Streptococcal Skin and Skin-Structure Infections",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102894",signatures:"Alwyn Rapose",slug:"streptococcal-skin-and-skin-structure-infections",totalDownloads:48,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",value:5,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Viral Infectious Diseases",value:6,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",value:3,count:2,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:13,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7102",title:"Pneumonia",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7102.jpg",slug:"pneumonia",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Nima Rezaei",hash:"9fd70142814192dcec58a176749f1b60",volumeInSeries:13,fullTitle:"Pneumonia",editors:[{id:"116250",title:"Dr.",name:"Nima",middleName:null,surname:"Rezaei",slug:"nima-rezaei",fullName:"Nima Rezaei",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/116250/images/system/116250.jpg",institutionString:"Tehran University of Medical Sciences",institution:{name:"Tehran University of Medical Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Iran"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9615",title:"Chikungunya Virus",subtitle:"A Growing Global Public Health Threat",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9615.jpg",slug:"chikungunya-virus-a-growing-global-public-health-threat",publishedDate:"February 9th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Jean Engohang-Ndong",hash:"c960d94a63867dd12a8ab15176a3ff06",volumeInSeries:12,fullTitle:"Chikungunya Virus - A Growing Global Public Health Threat",editors:[{id:"180733",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean",middleName:null,surname:"Engohang-Ndong",slug:"jean-engohang-ndong",fullName:"Jean Engohang-Ndong",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180733/images/system/180733.png",institutionString:"Kent State University",institution:{name:"Kent State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9619",title:"Epstein-Barr Virus",subtitle:"New Trends",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9619.jpg",slug:"epstein-barr-virus-new-trends",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Emmanuel Drouet",hash:"a2128c53becb6064589570cbe8d976f8",volumeInSeries:11,fullTitle:"Epstein-Barr Virus - New Trends",editors:[{id:"188773",title:"Prof.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:null,surname:"Drouet",slug:"emmanuel-drouet",fullName:"Emmanuel Drouet",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/188773/images/system/188773.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Grenoble Alpes University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9525",title:"Insights Into Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9525.jpg",slug:"insights-into-drug-resistance-in-staphylococcus-aureus",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Amjad Aqib",hash:"98bb6c1ddb067da67185c272f81c0a27",volumeInSeries:10,fullTitle:"Insights Into Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus",editors:[{id:"229220",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",middleName:"Islam",surname:"Aqib",slug:"amjad-aqib",fullName:"Amjad Aqib",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/229220/images/system/229220.png",institutionString:"Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9614",title:"Advances in Candida albicans",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9614.jpg",slug:"advances-in-candida-albicans",publishedDate:"November 17th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Xinhui Wang",hash:"31d6882518ca749b12715266eed0a018",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Advances in Candida albicans",editors:[{id:"296531",title:"Dr.",name:"Xinhui",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"xinhui-wang",fullName:"Xinhui Wang",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/296531/images/system/296531.jpg",institutionString:"Qinghai Normal University",institution:{name:"University of Luxembourg",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Luxembourg"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9528",title:"Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Malaria Elimination",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9528.jpg",slug:"current-topics-and-emerging-issues-in-malaria-elimination",publishedDate:"July 21st 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",hash:"7f178329cc42e691efe226b32f14e2ea",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Malaria Elimination",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9613",title:"Dengue Fever in a One Health Perspective",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9613.jpg",slug:"dengue-fever-in-a-one-health-perspective",publishedDate:"October 28th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Márcia Aparecida Sperança",hash:"77ecce8195c11092230b4156df6d83ff",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Dengue Fever in a One Health Perspective",editors:[{id:"176579",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Márcia Aparecida",middleName:null,surname:"Sperança",slug:"marcia-aparecida-speranca",fullName:"Márcia Aparecida Sperança",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/176579/images/system/176579.jpg",institutionString:"Federal University of ABC",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal do ABC",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7981",title:"Overview on Echinococcosis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7981.jpg",slug:"overview-on-echinococcosis",publishedDate:"April 22nd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Fethi Derbel and Meriem Braiki",hash:"24dee9209f3fd6b7cd28f042da0076f0",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Overview on Echinococcosis",editors:[{id:"62900",title:"Prof.",name:"Fethi",middleName:null,surname:"Derbel",slug:"fethi-derbel",fullName:"Fethi Derbel",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62900/images/system/62900.jpeg",institutionString:"Clinique les Oliviers",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7887",title:"Hepatitis B and C",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7887.jpg",slug:"hepatitis-b-and-c",publishedDate:"April 8th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Luis Rodrigo",hash:"8dd6dab483cf505d83caddaeaf497f2c",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Hepatitis B and C",editors:[{id:"73208",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigo",slug:"luis-rodrigo",fullName:"Luis Rodrigo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73208/images/system/73208.jpg",institutionString:"University of Oviedo",institution:{name:"University of Oviedo",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7839",title:"Malaria",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7839.jpg",slug:"malaria",publishedDate:"December 11th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Fyson H. Kasenga",hash:"91cde4582ead884cb0f355a19b67cd56",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Malaria",editors:[{id:"86725",title:"Dr.",name:"Fyson",middleName:"Hanania",surname:"Kasenga",slug:"fyson-kasenga",fullName:"Fyson Kasenga",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/86725/images/system/86725.jpg",institutionString:"Malawi Adventist University",institution:{name:"Malawi Adventist University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malawi"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7123",title:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7123.jpg",slug:"current-topics-in-neglected-tropical-diseases",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",hash:"61c627da05b2ace83056d11357bdf361",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7064",title:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7064.jpg",slug:"current-perspectives-in-human-papillomavirus",publishedDate:"May 2nd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"d92a4085627bab25ddc7942fbf44cf05",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",value:3,count:2},{group:"subseries",caption:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",value:5,count:4},{group:"subseries",caption:"Viral Infectious Diseases",value:6,count:7}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:2},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:4},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:249,paginationItems:[{id:"274452",title:"Dr.",name:"Yousif",middleName:"Mohamed",surname:"Abdallah",slug:"yousif-abdallah",fullName:"Yousif Abdallah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/274452/images/8324_n.jpg",biography:"I certainly enjoyed my experience in Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, particularly it has been in different institutions and hospitals with different Medical Cultures and allocated resources. Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Technology has always been my aspiration and my life. As years passed I accumulated a tremendous amount of skills and knowledge in Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Conventional Radiology, Radiation Protection, Bioinformatics Technology, PACS, Image processing, clinically and lecturing that will enable me to provide a valuable service to the community as a Researcher and Consultant in this field. My method of translating this into day to day in clinical practice is non-exhaustible and my habit of exchanging knowledge and expertise with others in those fields is the code and secret of success.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Majmaah University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"313277",title:"Dr.",name:"Bartłomiej",middleName:null,surname:"Płaczek",slug:"bartlomiej-placzek",fullName:"Bartłomiej Płaczek",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313277/images/system/313277.jpg",biography:"Bartłomiej Płaczek, MSc (2002), Ph.D. (2005), Habilitation (2016), is a professor at the University of Silesia, Institute of Computer Science, Poland, and an expert from the National Centre for Research and Development. His research interests include sensor networks, smart sensors, intelligent systems, and image processing with applications in healthcare and medicine. He is the author or co-author of more than seventy papers in peer-reviewed journals and conferences as well as the co-author of several books. He serves as a reviewer for many scientific journals, international conferences, and research foundations. Since 2010, Dr. Placzek has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in the field of information technologies.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"35000",title:"Prof.",name:"Ulrich H.P",middleName:"H.P.",surname:"Fischer",slug:"ulrich-h.p-fischer",fullName:"Ulrich H.P Fischer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/35000/images/3052_n.jpg",biography:"Academic and Professional Background\nUlrich H. P. has Diploma and PhD degrees in Physics from the Free University Berlin, Germany. He has been working on research positions in the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute in Germany. Several international research projects has been performed with European partners from France, Netherlands, Norway and the UK. He is currently Professor of Communications Systems at the Harz University of Applied Sciences, Germany.\n\nPublications and Publishing\nHe has edited one book, a special interest book about ‘Optoelectronic Packaging’ (VDE, Berlin, Germany), and has published over 100 papers and is owner of several international patents for WDM over POF key elements.\n\nKey Research and Consulting Interests\nUlrich’s research activity has always been related to Spectroscopy and Optical Communications Technology. Specific current interests include the validation of complex instruments, and the application of VR technology to the development and testing of measurement systems. He has been reviewer for several publications of the Optical Society of America\\'s including Photonics Technology Letters and Applied Optics.\n\nPersonal Interests\nThese include motor cycling in a very relaxed manner and performing martial arts.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Charité",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"341622",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Rojas Alvarez",slug:"eduardo-rojas-alvarez",fullName:"Eduardo Rojas Alvarez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/341622/images/15892_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Cuenca",country:{name:"Ecuador"}}},{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/215610/images/system/215610.jpeg",biography:"Muhammad Sarfraz is a professor in the Department of Information Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait. His research interests include optimization, computer graphics, computer vision, image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, soft computing, data science, and intelligent systems. Prof. Sarfraz has been a keynote/invited speaker at various platforms around the globe. He has advised/supervised more than 110 students for their MSc and Ph.D. theses. He has published more than 400 publications as books, journal articles, and conference papers. He has authored and/or edited around seventy books. Prof. Sarfraz is a member of various professional societies. He is a chair and member of international advisory committees and organizing committees of numerous international conferences. He is also an editor and editor in chief for various international journals.",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},{id:"32650",title:"Prof.",name:"Lukas",middleName:"Willem",surname:"Snyman",slug:"lukas-snyman",fullName:"Lukas Snyman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/32650/images/4136_n.jpg",biography:"Lukas Willem Snyman received his basic education at primary and high schools in South Africa, Eastern Cape. He enrolled at today's Nelson Metropolitan University and graduated from this university with a BSc in Physics and Mathematics, B.Sc Honors in Physics, MSc in Semiconductor Physics, and a Ph.D. in Semiconductor Physics in 1987. After his studies, he chose an academic career and devoted his energy to the teaching of physics to first, second, and third-year students. After positions as a lecturer at the University of Port Elizabeth, he accepted a position as Associate Professor at the University of Pretoria, South Africa.\r\n\r\nIn 1992, he motivates the concept of 'television and computer-based education” as means to reach large student numbers with only the best of teaching expertise and publishes an article on the concept in the SA Journal of Higher Education of 1993 (and later in 2003). The University of Pretoria subsequently approved a series of test projects on the concept with outreach to Mamelodi and Eerste Rust in 1993. In 1994, the University established a 'Unit for Telematic Education ' as a support section for multiple faculties at the University of Pretoria. In subsequent years, the concept of 'telematic education” subsequently becomes well established in academic circles in South Africa, grew in popularity, and is adopted by many universities and colleges throughout South Africa as a medium of enhancing education and training, as a method to reaching out to far out communities, and as a means to enhance study from the home environment.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman in subsequent years pursued research in semiconductor physics, semiconductor devices, microelectronics, and optoelectronics.\r\n\r\nIn 2000 he joined the TUT as a full professor. Here served for a period as head of the Department of Electronic Engineering. Here he makes contributions to solar energy development, microwave and optoelectronic device development, silicon photonics, as well as contributions to new mobile telecommunication systems and network planning in SA.\r\n\r\nCurrently, he teaches electronics and telecommunications at the TUT to audiences ranging from first-year students to Ph.D. level.\r\n\r\nFor his research in the field of 'Silicon Photonics” since 1990, he has published (as author and co-author) about thirty internationally reviewed articles in scientific journals, contributed to more than forty international conferences, about 25 South African provisional patents (as inventor and co-inventor), 8 PCT international patent applications until now. Of these, two USA patents applications, two European Patents, two Korean patents, and ten SA patents have been granted. A further 4 USA patents, 5 European patents, 3 Korean patents, 3 Chinese patents, and 3 Japanese patents are currently under consideration.\r\n\r\nRecently he has also published an extensive scholarly chapter in an internet open access book on 'Integrating Microphotonic Systems and MOEMS into standard Silicon CMOS Integrated circuitry”.\r\n\r\nFurthermore, Professor Snyman recently steered a new initiative at the TUT by introducing a 'Laboratory for Innovative Electronic Systems ' at the Department of Electrical Engineering. The model of this laboratory or center is to primarily combine outputs as achieved by high-level research with lower-level system development and entrepreneurship in a technical university environment. Students are allocated to projects at different levels with PhDs and Master students allocated to the generation of new knowledge and new technologies, while students at the diploma and Baccalaureus level are allocated to electronic systems development with a direct and a near application for application in industry or the commercial and public sectors in South Africa.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman received the WIRSAM Award of 1983 and the WIRSAM Award in 1985 in South Africa for best research papers by a young scientist at two international conferences on electron microscopy in South Africa. He subsequently received the SA Microelectronics Award for the best dissertation emanating from studies executed at a South African university in the field of Physics and Microelectronics in South Africa in 1987. In October of 2011, Professor Snyman received the prestigious Institutional Award for 'Innovator of the Year” for 2010 at the Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa. This award was based on the number of patents recognized and granted by local and international institutions as well as for his contributions concerning innovation at the TUT.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of South Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"317279",title:"Mr.",name:"Ali",middleName:"Usama",surname:"Syed",slug:"ali-syed",fullName:"Ali Syed",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/317279/images/16024_n.png",biography:"A creative, talented, and innovative young professional who is dedicated, well organized, and capable research fellow with two years of experience in graduate-level research, published in engineering journals and book, with related expertise in Bio-robotics, equally passionate about the aesthetics of the mechanical and electronic system, obtained expertise in the use of MS Office, MATLAB, SolidWorks, LabVIEW, Proteus, Fusion 360, having a grasp on python, C++ and assembly language, possess proven ability in acquiring research grants, previous appointments with social and educational societies with experience in administration, current affiliations with IEEE and Web of Science, a confident presenter at conferences and teacher in classrooms, able to explain complex information to audiences of all levels.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Air University",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"75526",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Zihni Onur",middleName:null,surname:"Uygun",slug:"zihni-onur-uygun",fullName:"Zihni Onur Uygun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/75526/images/12_n.jpg",biography:"My undergraduate education and my Master of Science educations at Ege University and at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University have given me a firm foundation in Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Bioelectronics, Physical Chemistry and Medicine. After obtaining my degree as a MSc in analytical chemistry, I started working as a research assistant in Ege University Medical Faculty in 2014. In parallel, I enrolled to the MSc program at the Department of Medical Biochemistry at Ege University to gain deeper knowledge on medical and biochemical sciences as well as clinical chemistry in 2014. In my PhD I deeply researched on biosensors and bioelectronics and finished in 2020. Now I have eleven SCI-Expanded Index published papers, 6 international book chapters, referee assignments for different SCIE journals, one international patent pending, several international awards, projects and bursaries. In parallel to my research assistant position at Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, in April 2016, I also founded a Start-Up Company (Denosens Biotechnology LTD) by the support of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Currently, I am also working as a CEO in Denosens Biotechnology. The main purposes of the company, which carries out R&D as a research center, are to develop new generation biosensors and sensors for both point-of-care diagnostics; such as glucose, lactate, cholesterol and cancer biomarker detections. My specific experimental and instrumental skills are Biochemistry, Biosensor, Analytical Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Mobile phone based point-of-care diagnostic device, POCTs and Patient interface designs, HPLC, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Spectrophotometry, ELISA.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ege University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"246502",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaya T.",middleName:"T",surname:"Varkey",slug:"jaya-t.-varkey",fullName:"Jaya T. Varkey",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246502/images/11160_n.jpg",biography:"Jaya T. Varkey, PhD, graduated with a degree in Chemistry from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India. She obtained a PhD in Chemistry from the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Minnesota, USA. She is a research guide at Mahatma Gandhi University and Associate Professor in Chemistry, St. Teresa’s College, Kochi, Kerala, India.\nDr. Varkey received a National Young Scientist award from the Indian Science Congress (1995), a UGC Research award (2016–2018), an Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Visiting Scientist award (2018–2019), and a Best Innovative Faculty award from the All India Association for Christian Higher Education (AIACHE) (2019). She Hashas received the Sr. Mary Cecil prize for best research paper three times. She was also awarded a start-up to develop a tea bag water filter. \nDr. Varkey has published two international books and twenty-seven international journal publications. She is an editorial board member for five international journals.",institutionString:"St. Teresa’s College",institution:null},{id:"250668",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Nabipour Chakoli",slug:"ali-nabipour-chakoli",fullName:"Ali Nabipour Chakoli",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/250668/images/system/250668.jpg",biography:"Academic Qualification:\r\n•\tPhD in Materials Physics and Chemistry, From: Sep. 2006, to: Sep. 2010, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Thesis: Structure and Shape Memory Effect of Functionalized MWCNTs/poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. Supervisor: Prof. Wei Cai,\r\n•\tM.Sc in Applied Physics, From: 1996, to: 1998, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Determination of Boron in Micro alloy Steels with solid state nuclear track detectors by neutron induced auto radiography, Supervisors: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi and Dr. A. Hosseini.\r\n•\tB.Sc. in Applied Physics, From: 1991, to: 1996, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Design of shielding for Am-Be neutron sources for In Vivo neutron activation analysis, Supervisor: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi.\r\n\r\nResearch Experiences:\r\n1.\tNanomaterials, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization,\r\n2.\tMWCNTs/Polymer Composites: Fabrication and Characterization, \r\n3.\tShape Memory Polymers, Biodegradable Polymers, ORC, Collagen,\r\n4.\tMaterials Analysis and Characterizations: TEM, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, Raman, DSC, DMA, TGA, XRD, GPC, Fluoroscopy, \r\n5.\tInteraction of Radiation with Mater, Nuclear Safety and Security, NDT(RT),\r\n6.\tRadiation Detectors, Calibration (SSDL),\r\n7.\tCompleted IAEA e-learning Courses:\r\nNuclear Security (15 Modules),\r\nNuclear Safety:\r\nTSA 2: Regulatory Protection in Occupational Exposure,\r\nTips & Tricks: Radiation Protection in Radiography,\r\nSafety and Quality in Radiotherapy,\r\nCourse on Sealed Radioactive Sources,\r\nCourse on Fundamentals of Environmental Remediation,\r\nCourse on Planning for Environmental Remediation,\r\nKnowledge Management Orientation Course,\r\nFood Irradiation - Technology, Applications and Good Practices,\r\nEmployment:\r\nFrom 2010 to now: Academic staff, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Kargar Shomali, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14395-836.\r\nFrom 1997 to 2006: Expert of Materials Analysis and Characterization. Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine. Rajaeeshahr, Karaj, Iran, P. O. Box: 31585-498.",institutionString:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",institution:{name:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"248279",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:"Elzbieta",surname:"Machoy",slug:"monika-machoy",fullName:"Monika Machoy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248279/images/system/248279.jpeg",biography:"Monika Elżbieta Machoy, MD, graduated with distinction from the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the Pomeranian Medical University in 2009, defended her PhD thesis with summa cum laude in 2016 and is currently employed as a researcher at the Department of Orthodontics of the Pomeranian Medical University. She expanded her professional knowledge during a one-year scholarship program at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald, Germany and during a three-year internship at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany. She has been a speaker at numerous orthodontic conferences, among others, American Association of Orthodontics, European Orthodontic Symposium and numerous conferences of the Polish Orthodontic Society. She conducts research focusing on the effect of orthodontic treatment on dental and periodontal tissues and the causes of pain in orthodontic patients.",institutionString:"Pomeranian Medical University",institution:{name:"Pomeranian Medical University",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"252743",title:"Prof.",name:"Aswini",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kar",slug:"aswini-kar",fullName:"Aswini Kar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252743/images/10381_n.jpg",biography:"uploaded in cv",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"KIIT University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"204256",title:"Dr.",name:"Anil",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kumar Sahu",slug:"anil-kumar-sahu",fullName:"Anil Kumar Sahu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/204256/images/14201_n.jpg",biography:"I have nearly 11 years of research and teaching experience. I have done my master degree from University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India. I have published 16 review and research articles in international and national journals and published 4 chapters in IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open access books. I have presented many papers at national and international conferences. I have received research award from Indian Drug Manufacturers Association in year 2015. My research interest extends from novel lymphatic drug delivery systems, oral delivery system for herbal bioactive to formulation optimization.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",biography:"An assistant professor at Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, at Institute of Computer Science, Silesian University in Katowice. Scientific interests: computer analysis and processing of images, biomedical images, databases and programming languages. He is an author and co-author of scientific publications covering analysis and processing of biomedical images and development of database systems.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:null},{id:"212432",title:"Prof.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"hadi-mohammadi",fullName:"Hadi Mohammadi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212432/images/system/212432.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Hadi Mohammadi is a biomedical engineer with hands-on experience in the design and development of many engineering structures and medical devices through various projects that he has been involved in over the past twenty years. Dr. Mohammadi received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and his PhD. degree in Biomedical Engineering (biomaterials) from the University of Western Ontario. He was a postdoctoral trainee for almost four years at University of Calgary and Harvard Medical School. He is an industry innovator having created the technology to produce lifelike synthetic platforms that can be used for the simulation of almost all cardiovascular reconstructive surgeries. He’s been heavily involved in the design and development of cardiovascular devices and technology for the past 10 years. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the University of British Colombia, Canada.",institutionString:"University of British Columbia",institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"254463",title:"Prof.",name:"Haisheng",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"haisheng-yang",fullName:"Haisheng Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/254463/images/system/254463.jpeg",biography:"Haisheng Yang, Ph.D., Professor and Director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanics/Biomechanics from Harbin Institute of Technology (jointly with University of California, Berkeley). Afterwards, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Purdue Musculoskeletal Biology and Mechanics Lab at the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, USA. He also conducted research in the Research Centre of Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada at McGill University, Canada. Dr. Yang has over 10 years research experience in orthopaedic biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone adaptation and regeneration. He earned an award from Beijing Overseas Talents Aggregation program in 2017 and serves as Beijing Distinguished Professor.",institutionString:"Beijing University of Technology",institution:null},{id:"255757",title:"Dr.",name:"Igor",middleName:"Victorovich",surname:"Lakhno",slug:"igor-lakhno",fullName:"Igor Lakhno",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/255757/images/system/255757.jpg",biography:"Lakhno Igor Victorovich was born in 1971 in Kharkiv (Ukraine). \nMD – 1994, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nOb&Gyn; – 1997, master courses in Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.\nPhD – 1999, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nDSc – 2019, PL Shupik National Academy of Postgraduate Education \nLakhno Igor has been graduated from an international training courses on reproductive medicine and family planning held in Debrecen University (Hungary) in 1997. Since 1998 Lakhno Igor has worked as an associate professor of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and an associate professor of the perinatology, obstetrics and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. Since June 2019 he’s a professor of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and a professor of the perinatology, obstetrics and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education . He’s an author of about 200 printed works and there are 17 of them in Scopus or Web of Science databases. Lakhno Igor is a rewiever of Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Taylor and Francis), Informatics in Medicine Unlocked (Elsevier), The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research (Wiley), Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Bentham Open), The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal (Bentham Open), etc. He’s defended a dissertation for DSc degree \\'Pre-eclampsia: prediction, prevention and treatment”. Lakhno Igor has participated as a speaker in several international conferences and congresses (International Conference on Biological Oscillations April 10th-14th 2016, Lancaster, UK, The 9th conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations). His main scientific interests: obstetrics, women’s health, fetal medicine, cardiovascular medicine.",institutionString:"V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University",institution:{name:"Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education",country:{name:"Ukraine"}}},{id:"89721",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Cuneyt",surname:"Ozmen",slug:"mehmet-ozmen",fullName:"Mehmet Ozmen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89721/images/7289_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gazi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"243698",title:"M.D.",name:"Xiaogang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"xiaogang-wang",fullName:"Xiaogang Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243698/images/system/243698.png",biography:"Dr. Xiaogang Wang, a faculty member of Shanxi Eye Hospital specializing in the treatment of cataract and retinal disease and a tutor for postgraduate students of Shanxi Medical University, worked in the COOL Lab as an international visiting scholar under the supervision of Dr. David Huang and Yali Jia from October 2012 through November 2013. Dr. Wang earned an MD from Shanxi Medical University and a Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Dr. Wang was awarded two research project grants focused on multimodal optical coherence tomography imaging and deep learning in cataract and retinal disease, from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He has published around 30 peer-reviewed journal papers and four book chapters and co-edited one book.",institutionString:"Shanxi Eye Hospital",institution:{name:"Shanxi Eye Hospital",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"242893",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Joaquim",middleName:null,surname:"De Moura",slug:"joaquim-de-moura",fullName:"Joaquim De Moura",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242893/images/7133_n.jpg",biography:"Joaquim de Moura received his degree in Computer Engineering in 2014 from the University of A Coruña (Spain). In 2016, he received his M.Sc degree in Computer Engineering from the same university. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D degree in Computer Science in a collaborative project between ophthalmology centers in Galicia and the University of A Coruña. His research interests include computer vision, machine learning algorithms and analysis and medical imaging processing of various kinds.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of A Coruña",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"267434",title:"Dr.",name:"Rohit",middleName:null,surname:"Raja",slug:"rohit-raja",fullName:"Rohit Raja",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRZkkQAG/Profile_Picture_2022-05-09T12:55:18.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"294334",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Marc",middleName:null,surname:"Bruggeman",slug:"marc-bruggeman",fullName:"Marc Bruggeman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/294334/images/8242_n.jpg",biography:"Chemical engineer graduate, with a passion for material science and specific interest in polymers - their near infinite applications intrigue me. \n\nI plan to continue my scientific career in the field of polymeric biomaterials as I am fascinated by intelligent, bioactive and biomimetic materials for use in both consumer and medical applications.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"244950",title:"Dr.",name:"Salvatore",middleName:null,surname:"Di Lauro",slug:"salvatore-di-lauro",fullName:"Salvatore Di Lauro",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0030O00002bSF1HQAW/ProfilePicture%202021-12-20%2014%3A54%3A14.482",biography:"Name:\n\tSALVATORE DI LAURO\nAddress:\n\tHospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid\nAvda Ramón y Cajal 3\n47005, Valladolid\nSpain\nPhone number: \nFax\nE-mail:\n\t+34 983420000 ext 292\n+34 983420084\nsadilauro@live.it\nDate and place of Birth:\nID Number\nMedical Licence \nLanguages\t09-05-1985. Villaricca (Italy)\n\nY1281863H\n474707061\nItalian (native language)\nSpanish (read, written, spoken)\nEnglish (read, written, spoken)\nPortuguese (read, spoken)\nFrench (read)\n\t\t\nCurrent position (title and company)\tDate (Year)\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. Private practise.\t2017-today\n\n2019-today\n\t\n\t\nEducation (High school, university and postgraduate training > 3 months)\tDate (Year)\nDegree in Medicine and Surgery. University of Neaples 'Federico II”\nResident in Opthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid\nMaster in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nFellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology. Paris\nMaster in Research in Ophthalmology. University of Valladolid\t2003-2009\n2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2016\n2012-2013\n\t\nEmployments (company and positions)\tDate (Year)\nResident in Ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl.\nFellow in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. \n\t2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2017-today\n\n2019-Today\n\n\n\t\nClinical Research Experience (tasks and role)\tDate (Year)\nAssociated investigator\n\n' FIS PI20/00740: DESARROLLO DE UNA CALCULADORA DE RIESGO DE\nAPARICION DE RETINOPATIA DIABETICA BASADA EN TECNICAS DE IMAGEN MULTIMODAL EN PACIENTES DIABETICOS TIPO 1. Grant by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion \n\n' (BIO/VA23/14) Estudio clínico multicéntrico y prospectivo para validar dos\nbiomarcadores ubicados en los genes p53 y MDM2 en la predicción de los resultados funcionales de la cirugía del desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno. Grant by: Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León.\n' Estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado, con enmascaramiento doble, en 2 grupos\nparalelos y de 52 semanas de duración para comparar la eficacia, seguridad e inmunogenicidad de SOK583A1 respecto a Eylea® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad' (CSOK583A12301; N.EUDRA: 2019-004838-41; FASE III). Grant by Hexal AG\n\n' Estudio de fase III, aleatorizado, doble ciego, con grupos paralelos, multicéntrico para comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de QL1205 frente a Lucentis® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. (EUDRACT: 2018-004486-13). Grant by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co\n\n' Estudio NEUTON: Ensayo clinico en fase IV para evaluar la eficacia de aflibercept en pacientes Naive con Edema MacUlar secundario a Oclusion de Vena CenTral de la Retina (OVCR) en regimen de tratamientO iNdividualizado Treat and Extend (TAE)”, (2014-000975-21). Grant by Fundacion Retinaplus\n\n' Evaluación de la seguridad y bioactividad de anillos de tensión capsular en conejo. Proyecto Procusens. Grant by AJL, S.A.\n\n'Estudio epidemiológico, prospectivo, multicéntrico y abierto\\npara valorar la frecuencia de la conjuntivitis adenovírica diagnosticada mediante el test AdenoPlus®\\nTest en pacientes enfermos de conjuntivitis aguda”\\n. National, multicenter study. Grant by: NICOX.\n\nEuropean multicentric trial: 'Evaluation of clinical outcomes following the use of Systane Hydration in patients with dry eye”. Study Phase 4. Grant by: Alcon Labs'\n\nVLPs Injection and Activation in a Rabbit Model of Uveal Melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nUpdating and characterization of a rabbit model of uveal melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nEnsayo clínico en fase IV para evaluar las variantes genéticas de la vía del VEGF como biomarcadores de eficacia del tratamiento con aflibercept en pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) neovascular. Estudio BIOIMAGE. IMO-AFLI-2013-01\n\nEstudio In-Eye:Ensayo clínico en fase IV, abierto, aleatorizado, de 2 brazos,\nmulticçentrico y de 12 meses de duración, para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de un régimen de PRN flexible individualizado de 'esperar y extender' versus un régimen PRN según criterios de estabilización mediante evaluaciones mensuales de inyecciones intravítreas de ranibizumab 0,5 mg en pacientes naive con neovascularización coriodea secunaria a la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad. CP: CRFB002AES03T\n\nTREND: Estudio Fase IIIb multicéntrico, randomizado, de 12 meses de\nseguimiento con evaluador de la agudeza visual enmascarado, para evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de ranibizumab 0.5mg en un régimen de tratar y extender comparado con un régimen mensual, en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. CP: CRFB002A2411 Código Eudra CT:\n2013-002626-23\n\n\n\nPublications\t\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2015-16\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\nJose Carlos Pastor; Jimena Rojas; Salvador Pastor-Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia; Santiago Delgado-Tirado. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical\nconsequences. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 51, pp. 125 - 155. 03/2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.005\n\n\nLabrador-Velandia S; Alonso-Alonso ML; Di Lauro S; García-Gutierrez MT; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Mesenchymal stem cells provide paracrine neuroprotective resources that delay degeneration of co-cultured organotypic neuroretinal cultures.Experimental Eye Research. 185, 17/05/2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.011\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Maria Teresa Garcia Gutierrez; Ivan Fernandez Bueno. Quantification of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in an ex vivo coculture of retinal pigment epithelium cells and neuroretina.\nJournal of Allbiosolution. 2019. ISSN 2605-3535\n\nSonia Labrador Velandia; Salvatore Di Lauro; Alonso-Alonso ML; Tabera Bartolomé S; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Biocompatibility of intravitreal injection of human mesenchymal stem cells in immunocompetent rabbits. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. 256 - 1, pp. 125 - 134. 01/2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3842-3\n\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro, David Rodriguez-Crespo, Manuel J Gayoso, Maria T Garcia-Gutierrez, J Carlos Pastor, Girish K Srivastava, Ivan Fernandez-Bueno. A novel coculture model of porcine central neuroretina explants and retinal pigment epithelium cells. Molecular Vision. 2016 - 22, pp. 243 - 253. 01/2016.\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro. Classifications for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ({PVR}): An Analysis of Their Use in Publications over the Last 15 Years. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016, pp. 1 - 6. 01/2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/7807596\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Rosa Maria Coco; Rosa Maria Sanabria; Enrique Rodriguez de la Rua; Jose Carlos Pastor. Loss of Visual Acuity after Successful Surgery for Macula-On Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Prospective Multicentre Study. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:821864, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/821864\n\nIvan Fernandez-Bueno; Salvatore Di Lauro; Ivan Alvarez; Jose Carlos Lopez; Maria Teresa Garcia-Gutierrez; Itziar Fernandez; Eva Larra; Jose Carlos Pastor. Safety and Biocompatibility of a New High-Density Polyethylene-Based\nSpherical Integrated Porous Orbital Implant: An Experimental Study in Rabbits. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:904096, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/904096\n\nPastor JC; Pastor-Idoate S; Rodríguez-Hernandez I; Rojas J; Fernandez I; Gonzalez-Buendia L; Di Lauro S; Gonzalez-Sarmiento R. Genetics of PVR and RD. Ophthalmologica. 232 - Suppl 1, pp. 28 - 29. 2014\n\nRodriguez-Crespo D; Di Lauro S; Singh AK; Garcia-Gutierrez MT; Garrosa M; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I; Srivastava GK. Triple-layered mixed co-culture model of RPE cells with neuroretina for evaluating the neuroprotective effects of adipose-MSCs. Cell Tissue Res. 358 - 3, pp. 705 - 716. 2014.\nDOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1987-5\n\nCarlo De Werra; Salvatore Condurro; Salvatore Tramontano; Mario Perone; Ivana Donzelli; Salvatore Di Lauro; Massimo Di Giuseppe; Rosa Di Micco; Annalisa Pascariello; Antonio Pastore; Giorgio Diamantis; Giuseppe Galloro. Hydatid disease of the liver: thirty years of surgical experience.Chirurgia italiana. 59 - 5, pp. 611 - 636.\n(Italia): 2007. ISSN 0009-4773\n\nChapters in books\n\t\n' Salvador Pastor Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. PVR: Pathogenesis, Histopathology and Classification. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy with Small Gauge Vitrectomy. Springer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-78445-8\nDOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78446-5_2. \n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Maria Isabel Lopez Galvez. Quistes vítreos en una mujer joven. Problemas diagnósticos en patología retinocoroidea. Sociedad Española de Retina-Vitreo. 2018.\n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. iOCT in PVR management. OCT Applications in Opthalmology. pp. 1 - 8. INTECH, 2018. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78774.\n\n' Rosa Coco Martin; Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor. amponadores, manipuladores y tinciones en la cirugía del traumatismo ocular.Trauma Ocular. Ponencia de la SEO 2018..\n\n' LOPEZ GALVEZ; DI LAURO; CRESPO. OCT angiografia y complicaciones retinianas de la diabetes. PONENCIA SEO 2021, CAPITULO 20. (España): 2021.\n\n' Múltiples desprendimientos neurosensoriales bilaterales en paciente joven. Enfermedades Degenerativas De Retina Y Coroides. SERV 04/2016. \n' González-Buendía L; Di Lauro S; Pastor-Idoate S; Pastor Jimeno JC. Vitreorretinopatía proliferante (VRP) e inflamación: LA INFLAMACIÓN in «INMUNOMODULADORES Y ANTIINFLAMATORIOS: MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS CORTICOIDES. RELACION DE PONENCIAS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA. 10/2014.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"265335",title:"Mr.",name:"Stefan",middleName:"Radnev",surname:"Stefanov",slug:"stefan-stefanov",fullName:"Stefan Stefanov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/265335/images/7562_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"318905",title:"Prof.",name:"Elvis",middleName:"Kwason",surname:"Tiburu",slug:"elvis-tiburu",fullName:"Elvis Tiburu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ghana",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"336193",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdullah",middleName:null,surname:"Alamoudi",slug:"abdullah-alamoudi",fullName:"Abdullah Alamoudi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Majmaah University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"318657",title:"MSc.",name:"Isabell",middleName:null,surname:"Steuding",slug:"isabell-steuding",fullName:"Isabell Steuding",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Harz University of Applied Sciences",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"318656",title:"BSc.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Kußmann",slug:"peter-kussmann",fullName:"Peter Kußmann",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Harz University of Applied Sciences",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"338222",title:"Mrs.",name:"María José",middleName:null,surname:"Lucía Mudas",slug:"maria-jose-lucia-mudas",fullName:"María José Lucía Mudas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Carlos III University of Madrid",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"147824",title:"Mr.",name:"Pablo",middleName:null,surname:"Revuelta Sanz",slug:"pablo-revuelta-sanz",fullName:"Pablo Revuelta Sanz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Carlos III University of Madrid",country:{name:"Spain"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"15",type:"subseries",title:"Chemical Biology",keywords:"Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oils, Modification of Biomolecules, Glycobiology, Combinatorial Chemistry, Therapeutic peptides, Enzyme Inhibitors",scope:"Chemical biology spans the fields of chemistry and biology involving the application of biological and chemical molecules and techniques. In recent years, the application of chemistry to biological molecules has gained significant interest in medicinal and pharmacological studies. This topic will be devoted to understanding the interplay between biomolecules and chemical compounds, their structure and function, and their potential applications in related fields. Being a part of the biochemistry discipline, the ideas and concepts that have emerged from Chemical Biology have affected other related areas. This topic will closely deal with all emerging trends in this discipline.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/15.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11411,editor:{id:"441442",title:"Dr.",name:"Şükrü",middleName:null,surname:"Beydemir",slug:"sukru-beydemir",fullName:"Şükrü Beydemir",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003GsUoIQAV/Profile_Picture_1634557147521",biography:"Dr. Şükrü Beydemir obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 1995 from Yüzüncü Yıl University, MSc in Biochemistry in 1998, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2002 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He performed post-doctoral studies at Max-Planck Institute, Germany, and University of Florence, Italy in addition to making several scientific visits abroad. He currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Turkey. Dr. Beydemir has published over a hundred scientific papers spanning protein biochemistry, enzymology and medicinal chemistry, reviews, book chapters and presented several conferences to scientists worldwide. He has received numerous publication awards from various international scientific councils. He serves in the Editorial Board of several international journals. Dr. Beydemir is also Rector of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Turkey.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorTwo:{id:"13652",title:"Prof.",name:"Deniz",middleName:null,surname:"Ekinci",slug:"deniz-ekinci",fullName:"Deniz Ekinci",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYLT1QAO/Profile_Picture_1634557223079",biography:"Dr. Deniz Ekinci obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 2004, MSc in Biochemistry in 2006, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2009 from Atatürk University, Turkey. He studied at Stetson University, USA, in 2007-2008 and at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Germany, in 2009-2010. Dr. Ekinci currently works as a Full Professor of Biochemistry in the Faculty of Agriculture and is the Head of the Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Division, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey. He is a member of the Turkish Biochemical Society, American Chemical Society, and German Genetics society. Dr. Ekinci published around ninety scientific papers, reviews and book chapters, and presented several conferences to scientists. He has received numerous publication awards from several scientific councils. Dr. Ekinci serves as the Editor in Chief of four international books and is involved in the Editorial Board of several international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ondokuz Mayıs University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorThree:null,series:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983"},editorialBoard:[{id:"241413",title:"Dr.",name:"Azhar",middleName:null,surname:"Rasul",slug:"azhar-rasul",fullName:"Azhar Rasul",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRT1oQAG/Profile_Picture_1635251978933",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Government College University, Faisalabad",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"178316",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Sedykh",slug:"sergey-sedykh",fullName:"Sergey Sedykh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178316/images/system/178316.jfif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Novosibirsk State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:19,paginationItems:[{id:"81067",title:"Encapsulation of Essential Oils and Their Use in Food Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103147",signatures:"Hamdy A. Shaaban and Amr Farouk",slug:"encapsulation-of-essential-oils-and-their-use-in-food-applications",totalDownloads:49,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80959",title:"Biological Application of Essential Oils and Essential Oils Components in Terms of Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Cholinesterase Enzymes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102874",signatures:"Mejra Bektašević and Olivera Politeo",slug:"biological-application-of-essential-oils-and-essential-oils-components-in-terms-of-antioxidant-activ",totalDownloads:46,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80859",title:"Antioxidant Effect and Medicinal Properties of Allspice Essential Oil",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103001",signatures:"Yasvet Yareni Andrade Avila, Julián Cruz-Olivares and César Pérez-Alonso",slug:"antioxidant-effect-and-medicinal-properties-of-allspice-essential-oil",totalDownloads:34,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80777",title:"Starch: A Veritable Natural Polymer for Economic Revolution",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102941",signatures:"Obi P. Adigwe, Henry O. Egharevba and Martins O. Emeje",slug:"starch-a-veritable-natural-polymer-for-economic-revolution",totalDownloads:44,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80673",title:"Teucrium ramosissimum Derived-Natural Products and Its Potent Effect in Alleviating the Pathological Kidney Damage in LPS-Induced Mice",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102788",signatures:"Fatma Guesmi and Ahmed Landoulsi",slug:"teucrium-ramosissimum-derived-natural-products-and-its-potent-effect-in-alleviating-the-pathological",totalDownloads:35,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80600",title:"Essential Oil as Green Preservative Obtained by Ecofriendly Extraction Techniques",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103035",signatures:"Nashwa Fathy Sayed Morsy",slug:"essential-oil-as-green-preservative-obtained-by-ecofriendly-extraction-techniques",totalDownloads:61,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Nashwa",surname:"Morsy"}],book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"79875",title:"Comparative Study of the Physiochemical Composition and Techno-Functional Properties of Two Extracted Acorn Starches",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101562",signatures:"Youkabed Zarroug, Mouna Boulares, Dorra Sfayhi and Bechir Slimi",slug:"comparative-study-of-the-physiochemical-composition-and-techno-functional-properties-of-two-extracte",totalDownloads:51,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80395",title:"History, Evolution and Future of Starch Industry in Nigeria",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102712",signatures:"Obi Peter Adigwe, Judith Eloyi John and Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",slug:"history-evolution-and-future-of-starch-industry-in-nigeria",totalDownloads:52,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80168",title:"Benzimidazole: Pharmacological Profile",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102091",signatures:"Mahender Thatikayala, Anil Kumar Garige and Hemalatha Gadegoni",slug:"benzimidazole-pharmacological-profile",totalDownloads:75,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Benzimidazole",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80122",title:"Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Potentials of Essential Oils",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102037",signatures:"Ishrat Nazir and Sajad Ahmad Gangoo",slug:"pharmaceutical-and-therapeutic-potentials-of-essential-oils",totalDownloads:127,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80130",title:"Exploring the Versatility of Benzimidazole Scaffolds as Medicinal Agents: A Brief Update",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101942",signatures:"Gopakumar Kavya and Akhil Sivan",slug:"exploring-the-versatility-of-benzimidazole-scaffolds-as-medicinal-agents-a-brief-update",totalDownloads:57,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Benzimidazole",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80018",title:"Potato Starch as Affected by Varieties, Storage Treatments and Conditions of Tubers",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101831",signatures:"Saleem Siddiqui, Naseer Ahmed and Neeraj Phogat",slug:"potato-starch-as-affected-by-varieties-storage-treatments-and-conditions-of-tubers",totalDownloads:92,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"80023",title:"Binary Interactions and Starch Bioavailability: Critical in Limiting Glycemic Response",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101833",signatures:"Veda Krishnan, Monika Awana, Debarati Mondal, Piyush Verma, Archana Singh and Shelly Praveen",slug:"binary-interactions-and-starch-bioavailability-critical-in-limiting-glycemic-response",totalDownloads:78,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"79964",title:"The Anticancer Profile of Benzimidazolium Salts and their Metal Complexes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101729",signatures:"Imran Ahmad Khan, Noor ul Amin Mohsin, Sana Aslam and Matloob Ahmad",slug:"the-anticancer-profile-of-benzimidazolium-salts-and-their-metal-complexes",totalDownloads:92,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Benzimidazole",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"79835",title:"Advances of Benzimidazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Bench to Bedside",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101702",signatures:"Kashif Haider and Mohammad Shahar Yar",slug:"advances-of-benzimidazole-derivatives-as-anticancer-agents-bench-to-bedside",totalDownloads:107,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Benzimidazole",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10840.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"79856",title:"Starch-Based Hybrid Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101697",signatures:"Ashoka Gamage, Thiviya Punniamoorthy and Terrence Madhujith",slug:"starch-based-hybrid-nanomaterials-for-environmental-remediation",totalDownloads:103,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Starch - Evolution and Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10798.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},testimonialsList:[{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[],lsSeriesList:[],hsSeriesList:[],sshSeriesList:[],subseriesList:[],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:null},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/14009",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"14009"},fullPath:"/chapters/14009",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()