Chemical composition and physical properties of OPC.
\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
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Vaz-Leal",slug:"francisco-j.-vaz-leal",email:"fjvazleal@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"188719",title:"Dr.",name:"María Cristina",middleName:null,surname:"Álvarez Mateos",fullName:"María Cristina Álvarez Mateos",slug:"maria-cristina-alvarez-mateos",email:"cristinaalvarezmateos@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"195142",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Rodríguez Santos",fullName:"Laura Rodríguez Santos",slug:"laura-rodriguez-santos",email:"laura@unex.es",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"195143",title:"Dr.",name:"María I",middleName:null,surname:"Ramos Fuentes",fullName:"María I Ramos Fuentes",slug:"maria-i-ramos-fuentes",email:"miramos@unex.es",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]},book:{id:"5372",title:"Eating Disorders",subtitle:"A Paradigm of the Biopsychosocial Model of Illness",fullTitle:"Eating Disorders - A Paradigm of the Biopsychosocial Model of Illness",slug:"eating-disorders-a-paradigm-of-the-biopsychosocial-model-of-illness",publishedDate:"February 1st 2017",bookSignature:"Ignacio Jauregui-Lobera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5372.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"323887",title:"Prof.",name:"Ignacio",middleName:null,surname:"Jáuregui-Lobera",slug:"ignacio-jauregui-lobera",fullName:"Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"12194",leadTitle:null,title:"The Thalassemia Syndromes - New Insights",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"\r\n\tThalassemias are a diverse group of hereditary anemias caused by decreased or absent production of one type of globin chain—most commonly either the α or β globin chain. Thus α-thalassemia is characterized by deficient synthesis of α globin, and β-thalassemia is characterized by reduced or absent production of β globin. The resulting syndromes range from asymptomatic to severe microcytic anemias. Recognition of these disorders is important for the obstetrician to provide appropriate care for patients with thalassemia syndrome. Genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and newborn screening are all issues of importance in these inherited disorders. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of thalassemia syndromes regarding types, methods for diagnosis, and early detection and screening for different types of thalassemia syndromes for better management and satisfactory outcome. We hope that the reader will get more knowledge and experience about this very important topic of thalassemia syndromes.
\r\n\t
Tunisia has plenty of agricultural waste products such as Alfa fiber,
Lately, as a result of energy consumption and inside the reason of energy-saving, recently works makes a specialty of developing building materials having alluring mechanical and thermal insulating homes. However, improving the mechanical residences induces a lack of thermal insulation overall performance. Today, area heating and cooling comprise the most significant level of general power fed on in homes [13].
The thermal performance of the building envelope is a key factor in determining the measure of the energy required for the comfort of nature. In this regard, a few examinations consider reason that energy consumption can be improved by joining thermal insulation materials in to walls and roofs. Thermal insulation can be characterized as a material that eases back that slows the heat flow in side rout side the building. For its determination, thermal conductivity is the fundamental property to look for. Currently, the research of bio based materials, of natural fiber, of organoclay were used to reinforce cement, to improve the qualities of cementitious materials, to accelerate the formation and the precipitation of hydration [14, 15, 16, 17], works to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite and their resistance. In this sense, numerous scientists investigated clay, which belongs to the phyllosilicate family, was due to the permeable media, in exchange, it could also be mixed with many fibers considered as a material with a wide range of applications. The example of clay-based materials was selected.
In which case, there is good reason to use modified clay such as chlorite, Kaolinite and Illite, are considered as filler in the composite material [18], to enhance the properties of cement thanks to its low cost, availability and its excellent characteristics. Besides, in many studies, it was remarkable to note that the role of organoclay has gained many interests on both academic and industrial research [19] due to the excellent performance as well as the way to modify, to as clay-based composite [20].
It’s important to mention that natural fibers has grown develop environmental-friendly construction materials. These fibers are biodegradable, lighter and abundant resources for examples: sisal, Flax, Hemp, Bamboo, coir and others [21]. Despite all the advantages of natural fibers, there are some disadvantages, which have confined their applications in the cementitious composites. Initially, for natural fiber, the interfacial bond existing between the fiber and the cement matrix is relatively weak and about the degradation of fibers in a high alkaline of cement adversely affects the mechanical properties and durability of natural fiber reinforced composites [22]. Additionally, for the organoclay, one of the most problem it that increasing the amount of organoclay conducts to reduction of mechanical propreties.
In this work, concrete based composite materials prepared and reinforced with wood fiber and organoclay (OC) particles is used to improve their mechanical quality and to decrease the alkalinity of the matrix through diminishing the Ca(OH)2. Another is to upgrade microstructures qualities of the grid and to add to the bonding existing between the matrix and the wood filaments [23].
In which case, there is a valid justification to utilize the SDBS as surfactant between the platelets of clay treated with CTAB, organoclay can respond with Ca(OH)2 of the concrete hydration products and form structure additional calcium-silica-hydration (CSH) gel. The advantage of the utilization of organoclay is to improve microstructures and mechanical propreties of prepared materials. The wood fibers were characterized via Zeta potential. Fur there more, organoclay in powder form was characterized via structure X-ray diffraction, FTIR and SEM. The organoclay prepared by treating clay with cetyl tri methyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) on the mechanical. Thermal conductivity and physical properties of wood fibers reinforced cement composites is also studied and investigated.
Wood Fiber (WF) and organo-clay (OC) modified with CTAB were used as reinforcements for the cement matrix-composites (Figure 1a and b).
(a) Wood Fiber (b) Organoclay.
The clay platelets used in this investigation is a natural Kaolinite treated with CTAB.
The CTAB (Mw 336.39 g mol−1) is a quaternary alkyl ammonium salt is a cationic surfactant, soluble in water and utilized in the preparation of OC. A bout the SDBS (Mw 348.48 g mol−1) is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonates is an anionic surfactant utilized in the fabrication of composites.
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC NF P 15–301) was used in all mixes of the cement works of Enfidha (Table 1).
Oxides | Cement (%wt) |
---|---|
CaO | 65.47 |
SiO2 | 19.82 |
Al2O3 | 4.66 |
Fe2O3 | 3.03 |
CaO | 65.47 |
MgO | 0.84 |
K2O | 0.64 |
Na2O | 0.10 |
TiO2 | 0.16 |
SO3 | 2.87 |
Loss ignition(LOI) | 3.5 |
Density | 3.2 g/cm3 |
Specific surface area | 355 m2/Kg |
Average particle size | 18.54 μm |
Chemical composition and physical properties of OPC.
Clay was prepared to be modified with CTAB, for 3 hours characterized by XRD and SEM in order to determine the amorphous phase of modified clay. To have organophilic clays, you should introduce 10 ml of chlohydric acid [1M]. Then this acid solution is carried in a temperature of 80°C.
And when this temperature became stable, we introduce 10−2 moles of CTAB, which we wish to ionize. After three hours of agitation at 80°C, we introduce 10 g of clay. And after three hours of cationic exchange, the clay is filtered and inserted to eliminate the inorganic cations. Finally, the phases of washes are finished and the clay is dried in the steam room at 80°C.
Many works have shown that CTAB surfactant intercalation does not only change the hydrophilic surface characteristics of the clay but also significantly increases the clay interlayer basal spacing.
To treat the surface of the fiber, the wood fibers were immersed in the aqueous solution of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at pH = 12 for 1 hour at 80°C. They were then washed until the pH reached about seven. Finally, the wood fibers were subsequently dried at 80°C for 24 hours. This chemical treatment was aimed at enhancing and improving the mechanical properties by ameliorating the adhesion exciting between fibers/matrix.
The (OPC) was substituted with an organoclay (0.5, 1 and 1.5%wt).
The (OPC) and organoclay were first to dry mixed for 5 min in mixer at low speed and then mixed. The samples were prepared with 0.65 mass ratios a water/organoclay –cement.
Three series of specimens were prepared of (3.5 × 7 × 1.75) in dimension and were cast in the mechanical tests. All specimens demolded after 24 h of casting and kept underwater for approximately 28 days. Bend test was conducted using an “MTSInsight” Material testing Machine to evaluate, compressive strength.
Porosity and density were measured and conducted to define the quality of composites. The length, thickness, width and weight are measured to determine the bulk density which was carried out by using the following Eq. (1) [20]:
Where D is the density in g/cm3,md is the mass of the test specimen (g) and V is the volume of the test specimen (cm3). The porosity Ps was calculated using the following Eq. (2).
mi = mass of the sample saturated in water.
ms = mass of the sample saturated in air.
The (OC) prepared was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the 2ϴ range between 20 and 80° using CuKα (γ = 1.54060 Å) radiation and was completed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using a Perkin Elmer. The morphology of the organoclay was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Hitachi SEM type SU8030 microscope operated at an acceleration voltage of 10 KV and a probe current of 15 pA). The thermal conductivity of different samples was measured by using a “Heat transmission Study Bench – PTC 100”.
A ξ potential analyzer (Malven 2000) was used to measure the electrophoretic mobility of wood fibers in the aqueous suspension. Measurements were conducted on the fine fraction obtained after filtration of the original fiber suspension through a 45-μm screen. ξ-potential measurement repeated on the whole suspension using the streaming potential technique (Mute kSZP06,using a 40-μm screen as an electrode) matched ξ-potential values obtained by electrophoresis. The ξ-potential values reported are the average of four measurements.
The X-ray diffraction patterns were measured with an X-ray diffractometer using CuKα radiation at 40 KV and 30 mA.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the change of functional groups at the wood fibers and the natural clay after treatment with NaOH, sulfuric acid and CTAB respectively. This test was carried out with a spectrum FTIR, Perkin Elmer. Samples were measured at room temperature and a resolution of 4 cm−1. All FTIR measurements were done in transmittance mode after baseline correction.
Samples of natural clay and organoclay for Scanning electron microscopy were prepared and analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (Hitachi SEM type SU8030 microscope operated at an acceleration voltage of 10 KV and a probe current of 15pA).
The measurements of the thermal conductivity characterize the ability of materials to conduct heat energy. The thermal conductivity of different samples of dimensions (24.5 × 1.5 × 24.5 cm) was measured by using a “Heat Transmission Study Bench – PTC 100”.
The particles of wood fiber were clearly in the scale range with size 40 μm. The displayed a monomodal size distribution (Figure 2) which was relatively narrow (PDI) around 0.2.
Particle size of wood fibers.
The process of the evolution of (
Variation of the zeta potential according to the initial concentration according to the initial concentration by surfactant.
Figure 3 shows the quantity adsorbed of surfactant as a function of initial concentration. We notice the existence of three zones:
The first one for low concentration
The second zone
In the third zone
Evolution of the quantity adsorbed by additive according to the concentration insolution.
In this case we can say that we have a neutralization of material by the existence of the electrostatic strengths. (The surfactant is cationic and the surface of fibers is negatively charged). The molecules of surfactant are adsorbed at the air/water interface and the superficial concentration increases. From a certain value, a monomolecular layer of surfactant occupies the surface and interfacial tension decreases linearly with the logarithm of the concentration.
The XRD patterns of natural clay and organoclay modified by the CTAB are shown in (Figures 5 and 6). It can clearly be seen that the natural clay characteristics peaks are present sat 2θ = 7.05°, 12.55°, 25.5° these peaks refer to the presence of Kaolinite the peak at 2θ = 12,55° corresponding at Kaolinite contending Illite. Typical XRD patterns of organoclay after the treatment with the CTAB appears many diffraction peaks at 5.13° until 20°, this result due to the linear structure of CTAB (19 carbons). The CTAB Kaolinite matrix has the highest value of the interfoliar space d001 = 19.10 A° corresponds to the interplanar spacing [23].
XRD patterns of natural clay.
XRD patterns of Organoclay.
The FTIR spectra in the range 4000 cm–500 cm−1 of the different samples are shown in Figure 7. The main characteristic bands of non-treated and treated wood fibers are listed as follows:
FTIR spectra of the non-treated wood and the treated wood with NaOH.
The presence of a large band in the 3386 cm−1 corresponds to hydroxyl group characteristics of polysaccharides. The band sat 2930 and 2898 cm−1 are due successively to sym and usym CH2 in polysaccharides and fats. The FTIR spectrum exhibits the presence of carbonyl and acetyl groups in the xylan component of (C=O stretching vibration) at 1732 cm−1. However, this peak almost disappears when these fibers are treated with 2% of NaOH. The band at 1635 cm−1 is characterized by the vibration of water molecules. Furthermore, the band at 1436 cm−1, assigned to the asymmetric C-H deformation in lignin and hemicelluloses structures. Concerning the FTIR of (WFNT), the peak at 1512 cm−1 is indicative of the presence of lignin and is attributed to the C=C aromatic skeletal vibration. In the spectra of WF treated 5% NaOH, this peak was reduced, due to the elimination of lignin by chemical treatments. The small peak sat 1375 cm−1 in the spectrum of untreated WF, WF treated 0.5%, 2% are related to CH2 vibration. The band at 1168 cm−1, which appears in all the FTIR spectra, corresponds to the C-O-C asymmetric stretching of the hemicelluloses and lignin. The peak at 1042 cm−1, is assigned to ether linkage (C-O-C) from lignin or hemicelluloses. The peak at 810 cm−1 is associated with cellulose, the C-H rock vibrations the cellulose.
Figure 8 shows the characteristics of natural clay and OC treated with CTAB. The peak assignments in the spectra represented OH stretching vibration (3624–3390 cm−1. The treatments of the natural clay with the CTAB make the appearance of two peaks have (2921–2881 cm−1) two peaks attributed to OH stretching vibration. The bond OH (1633 cm−1) can be attributed to water molecules adsorbed on the biomaterial structure.
Infrared spectral characteristics of natural clay and clay treated with CTAB.
FTIR exhibits the existence, of a strong band in the range of 750–400 cm−1 it was associated with the characteristic Si-O-Si stretching vibration of pure clay. Peaks at 1420 cm−1 and 3434 cm−1 corresponding to the O-H stretching vibration. Peaks at 1263 cm−1, 2866 cm−1 and 2920 cm−1 corresponded to the stretching vibrations of –CH, –CH3 and –CH2 respectively. Moreover, characteristic band at 1470 cm−1 is assigned to the symmetric vibrations of the COO− group in the main chain of 1634 cm−1 is attributed to the OH bending vibration in the water chemically bond.
The micrograph (Figure 9) shows the morphology of the surface of raw clay and clay treated with the CTAB, modified by the addition of a low percentage of silica gel. This figure showed that the morphology of the clay surface appeared in the form of plaques, these plaques, of size of 200 nm is plied the some on the others in a characteristic package of structure sheet.
MEB micrographs of (a) natural clay and (b) Organoclay with silica gel.
After this treatment by the CTAB and its modification by the addition of a silica gel, we can notice the good separation of some of plaques, layers, also, the appearance of spheres between these leaves in the micrometric size which asserts clearly that the silica gel is well inserted in to the OC.
The density values of WF reinforced cement are shown in Figure 10. Generally, the composites containing WF exhibit low density than these without WF. This could be attributed to the formation of void sat the interfacial are as between WF and cement matrix. For composite materials with 10% wt of WF, the density decreases by 43%. This indicates that WF has a filling effect on the density of cement composites with or without WF, where the density of cement composites is decreased by the addition of hemp fiber. In Figure 10 the addition of 10% wt of WF decreased the density of cement composite. That improvement indicated that the addition of WF leads to decrease density and to obtain a composite material with a consolidated microstructure.
Porosity and density as a function of treated wood fibers content for control cement and its composites.
The results of porosity and water absorption of values of cement paste, WF reinforced composite, WF–OC reinforced composites are shown in Figure 11. Generally, the composites containing WF exhibit higher porosity than that without WF. This could be assigned to the formation of the voids at the interfacial are as between WF and matrices. For composite with 2 and 4% wt of WF, the porosity decreases by 1.82% (4%wt (WF)). The porosity of these composites indicates that WF has a felling effect on the porosity of cement paste composite [24] and this 2% wt and 4% wt are capable of saturating the surface and of reducing pores.
Porosity as a function of organo clay content for control cement.
Figure 11 shows that the addition of OC in the composite materials has reduced their porosity. The optimum addition was found as1% wt of OC, which decreased the porosity of composites by 18.75% when compared to the OPC. This implies that organo clay played a pore-filling role to reduce the porosity and to saturate pores. However, adding less than 1% wt of organo clay increased the porosity of all samples due to the agglomeration effect when less than 1% wt organo clay was added. This finding is comparable with the study where the porosity of the OPC is decreased due to the addition of 1% wt of organo clay to cement paste. We can say that composites containing 1% wt organo clay, are different from those of cement paste; the structure is less dense, and contain more pores. But composites with 1% wt of OC are different from those of OPC. The structure is more compact with few pores [25].
The incorporation of OC and WF with NaOH in to the cement composites improves the mechanical properties of the cement matrix. This addition leads to good improvement of the mechanical properties of samples [26].
The effect of WF treated by NaOH on the compressive strength of cement composite can also be seen evaluated. The compressive strength of WF reinforced cement composite is increased from 9,8 to 18.41 MPa about, 90% increases compared to treated WF reinforced cement composite. This enhancement improvement is explained as follows: To enhance the interfacial bond between fibers and the OPC, the matrix could be modified by reducing or consuming the calcium hydroxide. The low value of the compressive strength can be explained by the high sugar and hemicelluloses content of fast-growing wood. Conversely, the chemical treatment proved good mechanical properties.
Effect of OC on the compressive strength of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1%wt. WFT-cement–composites of 28 days age are shown in histograms (Figure 12). It can be deduced that the compressive strength was increased by the addition of OC after (28 days) and the greater, the improvement. After 28 days, the compressive strength of 1%wt was 21.76 MPa higher than that of 0.5%wt of OC was 10.11 MPa. The reasons for the enhancement in mechanical properties of composites are as follows. Firstly, the physical effects of 1%wt of OC, including filling, can reduce the voids or the porosities in the cement matrix, in which the OC was uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Thus improving the microstructure of composites denser than the WFT-cement composite, Secondly, another mechanism is the pozzolanic reaction, in which OC reacts with calcium hydroxide (CH) in the cement matrix to produce calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H). However, the addition of more than 1%wt of OC caused a marked decrease in compressive strength. For example, the compressive strength of 2% wt OC was 11.47 MPa. This is due to the poor dispersion and agglomeration of the OC in the cement matrix ata higher percentage of OC contents, which increase of porosity and reduce the bond strength between the fiber and the matrix adhesion. The compressive decreases in the cement-composite with a higher dosage of organo clay.
Effect The Amount of SDBS
Compressive strength as a function of organo clay content for control OPC with 6% wt.
The effect of SDBS on compressive strength of composites with the non-treated wood fiber it shows that the addition of SDBS in cement matrix increased the compressive strength from 9.81 to 11.47 MPa, about 14.47% improvements can be explained by the adhesion and the collusion of fibers in the matrix in the presence of the SDBS.
The SDBS has an essential role in the surface packaging of the fiber; it is defined as a super plasticizer that covers the surface of the fibers and render them hydrophobic. In our case, anionic surfactant is able to agglomerate during the cement to fill the existing pores in the fibers.
The resulting curve shows that the thermal conductivity varies with the content of wood cement fibers. Decrease in the conductivity between 0 and 8% of the wood fiber. From 2.25 Wm−1 K−1 for non-stabilizing blocks, it increases to 0.9 Wm−1 K−1 when the wood fiber content is 2.5%. The thermal conductivity has increased for wood fiber contents ranging from 3–8%. For these wood fiber contents, the thermal conductivity ranges from 0.9 to 1.6 W m−1 K−1.
The thermal conductivity of a material depends on several parameters such as the nature of the constituent elements of the material [27], the water content, the temperature and the porosity since the blocks are manufactured under the same conditions and the conductivity measurements are made in a stationary regime, the variation in conductivity can be related to the variation of porosity of the material, to the intrinsic composition of each sample and to the cohesion of the material. The decrease in thermal conductivity may be due to increased pore quantity or increased pore diameter due to poor distribution of wood fiber. In fact, it is considered that for this interval, the quantity of wood fibers is insufficient to favor the establishment of a homogeneous structure. Under the conditions of measurement of the thermal conductivity used, it is considered that the heat transfer takes place mainly by conduction. Thus, the pores represent a space in the transfer, an increase in their diameter or their quantity causes a slowing down of the heat transfer, hence the low measured thermal conductivity [28].
At 30°C the study of 4 samples (1: Cement −2: C + WFNT, 3: C + WFT, 4: C + OC).
Generally, the thermal conductivity “λ” depends on the nature of the constituents, the temperature, the porosity and the water content. The decrease in thermal conductivity for these different samples could be related to the increase in the number of pores or the increase in pore diameter caused by poor and by poor distribution of cement. In this case, the heat transfer is by conduction only as well as the pores are shown gaps in the heat transfer since an increase in their diameter and their quantity causes the transfer of heat which confirms the weakness of the thermal conductivity.
An increase in thermal conductivity may be related to an increase in the temperature of the cohesion at different constituents of the sample.
Following the effect of cement hydration which allows the formation of portlandite and C-S-H which allow a strengthening of the bonds between the constituents that which promotes a decrease in porosity so we obtain a homogeneous structure; this structure is favorable for good heat transfer.
We note that the addition of 4% of the untreated fiber can decrease the thermal conductivity from 2.26 to 1.01. The Figure 13 shows the addition of 1% OC causes a decrease in thermal conductivity from 1.39 to 1.08 W/m °C up to 22.30% this result proved that the addition of OC in the cementitious composite conducted to curb the heat exchange and to put the insulation capacity.
Effect of amount of wood fiber on the thermalconductivity.
Figure 12 which examined the evolution of the porosity as a function of the percentage of addition, we observe that the addition of the wood fibers in the cement makes it possible to increase the porosity of this material (reinforcement by the natural and treated wood) by contrast, we notice that by adding Organo clay this porosity decreases and in this case we can conclude that the OC has just saturated the pores.
From this figure the thermal conductivity decreases as the percentage of fibers increase for reinforcement with 2 and 4%: this can be explained by the replacement of cement, an excellent natural insulator and a good thermal conductor. When the mass of the fibers reaches 8%, the thermal conductivity decreases in this case, the heat exchange by conductions weak in front of the convective exchange, as well as by the proportion of the pores which increases at the same time. Also in Figure 14, the variation of the thermal conductivity as the function of the mass of fibers and concerning the results, the thermal conductivity of cement materials reinforced with wood fiber and OC, showed a decrease with the increase of percentage in the mass of fiber in comparison with the reference sample. This reduction is essentially awed to the big porosity of the wood fiber and the big composite materials. To explain the decrease of different specimens, it can be concluded that 4%wt of wood fibers and OC contribute are to the thermal conductivity of the composites materials compared to the reference sample. Hence, incorporation of 6% wt of wood increase the thermal conductivity of the composite, but the thermal conductivity of hybrids composite is less than the reference.
Evolution of thermal conductivity as a function of additions (FT, FNT andOC).
Reasons for this type of behavior may be given as follows as: it has been found that the surface of the wood fiber exhibit the presence of the pore, which may reduce the adhesion of the fibers with the cement matrix, so we can say that the fibers-organo clay–matrix adhesion plays an important role in the overall performance of the composite.
The interaction between the cement, wood fibers and clay modified by CTAB can be summarized in the following pictures Figures 15 and 16:
An adsorption of molecules having SO32−, COO− type functions or a polar function such as OH.
The interaction describes a phenomenon of an intergranular repulsion; in particularly is due to the case of superplasticizers, it is an adsorption of charged polymers.
The formation of micelles at the solid–solution interface.
This mechanism explain the chemisorption of polynaphthalene sulphonate on specific reaction sites such as these two aluminates.
This figure proposes the action of sugars or hydroxyl carboxylic acids by complexation in the interstitial solution. This complexation can then delay the precipitation of hydrates such as portlandite or C-S-H.
The mechanism (f) suggests that the CTAB surfactant have the role of potentially inhibiting the growth of hydrates by adsorbing on specific crystallographic growth sites.
The figure (g) describes the insertion of the polymer into the structure of the hydrate.
Process describing the interaction between the composite and the surfactant.
Dispersion of WF and state of the environment of cement grains.
In this work, the wood fiber potential, as support for a cementitious matrix was examined.
The mechanical properties and the thermal conductivity of WFT/OC reinforced cement composite demonstrated the optimum content of organo clay is found to be 1%wt. For this situation, of composite, decrease in porosity (20%), thickness, improvement in compressive quality (20%) and a decline of thermal conductivity are improved by the expansion of 2%wt of wood.
Introducing OC and WFT in to the cement matrix would lead to a considerable increase in early age compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The compressive strength and the thermal conductivity of cement composites could be enhanced by the addition of treated wood fibers and organo clay. The optimum contents of OC and WFT are 1% wt and 6% wt respectively.
Moreover, introducing organo clay treated by the CTAB and wood fibers in to the cement matrix could lead to improve, accelerate hydration and reduce the thermal conductivity to ensure good insulation.
Authors are grateful to the Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LABEM), university of Sousse and Laboratoire Sciences des Matériaux et Environnement (LMSE), University of Sfax, Tunisia for the financial support of this work.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Notation | |
CTAB | Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide |
CSH | Calcium-silica-hydration |
NaOH | Sodiumhydroxide |
OPC | Ordinary Portland cement NF P 15-301 |
OC | Organoclay |
SDBS | Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate |
W | Water |
WFNT | Wood fiber nontreated |
WFT | Wood fiberTreated |
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\\n\\nAdrian Assad De Marco joined the company as a Director in 2017. With his extensive experience in management, acquired while working for regional and global leaders, he took over direction and control of all the company's publishing processes. Adrian holds a degree in Economy and Management from the University of Zagreb, School of Economics, Croatia. A former sportsman, he continually strives to develop his skills through professional courses and specializations such as NLP (Neuro-linguistic programming).
\\n\\nDr Alex Lazinica
\\n\\nAlex Lazinica is co-founder and Board member of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his Ph.D. in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. There, he worked as a robotics researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group, as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and, most importantly, co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, the world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career since it proved to be the pathway to the foundation of IntechOpen with its focus on addressing academic researchers’ needs. Alex personifies many of IntechOpen´s key values, including the commitment to developing mutual trust, openness, and a spirit of entrepreneurialism. Today, his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"Our business values are based on those any scientist applies to their research. We have created a culture of respect and collaboration within a relaxed, friendly and progressive atmosphere, while maintaining academic rigour.
\n\nCo-founded by Alex Lazinica and Vedran Kordic: “We are passionate about the advancement of science. As Ph.D. researchers in Vienna, we found it difficult to access the scholarly research we needed. We created IntechOpen with the specific aim of putting the academic needs of the global research community before the business interests of publishers. Our Team is now a global one and includes highly-renowned scientists and publishers, as well as experts in disseminating your research.”
\n\nBut, one thing we have in common is -- we are all scientists at heart!
\n\nSara Uhac, COO
\n\nSara Uhac was appointed Managing Director of IntechOpen at the beginning of 2014. She directs and controls the company’s operations. Sara joined IntechOpen in 2010 as Head of Journal Publishing, a new strategically underdeveloped department at that time. After obtaining a Master's degree in Media Management, she completed her Ph.D. at the University of Lugano, Switzerland. She holds a BA in Financial Market Management from the Bocconi University in Milan, Italy, where she started her career in the American publishing house Condé Nast and further collaborated with the UK-based publishing company Time Out. Sara was awarded a professional degree in Publishing from Yale University (2012). She is a member of the professional branch association of "Publishers, Designers and Graphic Artists" at the Croatian Chamber of Commerce.
\n\nAdrian Assad De Marco
\n\nAdrian Assad De Marco joined the company as a Director in 2017. With his extensive experience in management, acquired while working for regional and global leaders, he took over direction and control of all the company's publishing processes. Adrian holds a degree in Economy and Management from the University of Zagreb, School of Economics, Croatia. A former sportsman, he continually strives to develop his skills through professional courses and specializations such as NLP (Neuro-linguistic programming).
\n\nDr Alex Lazinica
\n\nAlex Lazinica is co-founder and Board member of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his Ph.D. in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. There, he worked as a robotics researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group, as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and, most importantly, co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, the world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career since it proved to be the pathway to the foundation of IntechOpen with its focus on addressing academic researchers’ needs. Alex personifies many of IntechOpen´s key values, including the commitment to developing mutual trust, openness, and a spirit of entrepreneurialism. Today, his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.
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Maspin is a secreted protein encoded by a class II tumor suppressor gene, expressed in normal prostate luminal and basal cells but reduced or absent in prostate cancer. Currently, there is a consensus that maspin expression in prostate cancer is an indicator of a better prognosis and is a predictive marker for therapeutic response in prostate cancer. Experimental evidence consistently indicates that maspin suppresses tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis and promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. In this chapter, we discuss regulation of maspin expression, binding partners of maspin, and pathways through which maspin exerts its tumor suppressive properties. 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MacLennan and Sanjay\nGupta",authors:[{id:"182205",title:"Dr.",name:"Sanjay",middleName:null,surname:"Gupta",slug:"sanjay-gupta",fullName:"Sanjay Gupta"},{id:"187577",title:"Dr.",name:"Eswar",middleName:null,surname:"Shankar",slug:"eswar-shankar",fullName:"Eswar Shankar"},{id:"187578",title:"Mr.",name:"Mario",middleName:null,surname:"Candamo",slug:"mario-candamo",fullName:"Mario Candamo"},{id:"187579",title:"Prof.",name:"Gregory",middleName:null,surname:"MacLennan",slug:"gregory-maclennan",fullName:"Gregory MacLennan"}]},{id:"24218",doi:"10.5772/25607",title:"Effective Methodologies for Statistical Inference on Microarray Studies",slug:"effective-methodologies-for-statistical-inference-on-microarray-studies",totalDownloads:1495,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"777",slug:"prostate-cancer-from-bench-to-bedside",title:"Prostate Cancer",fullTitle:"Prostate Cancer - From Bench to Bedside"},signatures:"Makoto Aoshima and Kazuyoshi Yata",authors:[{id:"63901",title:"Prof.",name:"Makoto",middleName:null,surname:"Aoshima",slug:"makoto-aoshima",fullName:"Makoto Aoshima"},{id:"69218",title:"Dr.",name:"Kazuyoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Yata",slug:"kazuyoshi-yata",fullName:"Kazuyoshi Yata"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"50862",title:"Oligometastatic Disease in Prostate Cancer: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment",slug:"oligometastatic-disease-in-prostate-cancer-advances-in-diagnosis-and-treatment",totalDownloads:1780,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men and the fifth leading cause of death in men worldwide in 2012 [1]. Oligometastatic disease is defined as the presence of five or fewer metastatic or recurrent lesions that could be treated by local therapy to achieve long‐term survival or cure [2]. Androgen deprivation therapy is currently the accepted treatment of metastatic PC. However, the identification of oligometastatic disease in PC with the improvements in diagnostic imaging has lead to early treatment of these isolated metastases showing some benefit [3]. In this chapter, we aim to discuss the newer modalities used in the identification of oligometastatic disease in PC and the advances in treatment.",book:{id:"5231",slug:"prostate-cancer-leading-edge-diagnostic-procedures-and-treatments",title:"Prostate Cancer",fullTitle:"Prostate Cancer - Leading-edge Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments"},signatures:"Weranja Ranasinghe and Raj Persad",authors:[{id:"70411",title:"Mr.",name:"Weranja",middleName:null,surname:"Ranasinghe",slug:"weranja-ranasinghe",fullName:"Weranja Ranasinghe"},{id:"70414",title:"Mr.",name:"Raj",middleName:null,surname:"Persad",slug:"raj-persad",fullName:"Raj Persad"}]},{id:"51764",title:"Samarium-153 Therapy and Radiation Dose for Prostate Cancer",slug:"samarium-153-therapy-and-radiation-dose-for-prostate-cancer",totalDownloads:1796,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:"Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in Western countries. At initial diagnosis, bone metastases are present in 15–30% of cases. These metastases cause some complications including bone fracture, hypercalcemia, and bone pain, which significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Radionuclide treatment was created as an alternative to external palliative radiotherapy in the treatment of bone pain arising from bone metastasis of PC. The basic principle of the radionuclide treatment of pain is that the uptake of radioactive material is kept in a high amount that is enough to constitute a proper clinical impact in the tumor, and it is kept at a low dose enough to avoid the occurrence of significant adverse effects in other organs (commonly in the bone marrow). Samarium-153 ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid (153Sm-EDTMP) is a radiopharmaceutical compound that has an affinity for skeletal tissue and concentrates in areas of increased bone turnover, localizes in the skeleton, and is excreted via glomerular filtration. Medical staff preparing and administering radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine, whether for diagnostic imaging or for therapeutic application, may receive significant radiation doses to their hands, particularly the fingers. Sm-153 treatment can be used as an effective and safe treatment alternative in the management of metastatic bone pain. Radiation protection of the public and the environment after Sm-153 EDTMP therapy is important.",book:{id:"5231",slug:"prostate-cancer-leading-edge-diagnostic-procedures-and-treatments",title:"Prostate Cancer",fullTitle:"Prostate Cancer - Leading-edge Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments"},signatures:"Yasemin Parlak, Gul Gumuser and Elvan Sayit",authors:[{id:"181431",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Yasemin",middleName:null,surname:"Parlak",slug:"yasemin-parlak",fullName:"Yasemin Parlak"}]},{id:"51360",title:"Rehabilitation of Patients with Prostate Cancer",slug:"rehabilitation-of-patients-with-prostate-cancer",totalDownloads:1668,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Cancer rehabilitation involves helping an individual with cancer to regain maximum psychological, physical, cognitive, social, and vocational functioning with the limits up to disease and its treatments in an interdisciplinary team concept. Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent male malignancies in the world. Prostate cancer treatment options have the risk of some side effects including loss of muscle strength, fatigue, pain, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, cognitive problems, decrease in bone density, weight loss, gynecomastia, and hot flushes with stress-related psychosocial problems. Relative to other cancers, the prognosis of men with prostate cancer is much better and the potential treatment-related side effects have important implications which can affect the health-related quality of life (QOL) of this population. Recent studies support the efficiency of multimodal treatment to recognize, prevent, and increase functional recovery with an interdisciplinary rehabilitation team which includes physical and occupational therapists. This chapter describes briefly cancer rehabilitation and rehabilitation approaches at every stage of patients with prostate cancer for minimizing the morbidity rate associated with prostate cancer treatment to increase occupational participation and improve QOL.",book:{id:"5231",slug:"prostate-cancer-leading-edge-diagnostic-procedures-and-treatments",title:"Prostate Cancer",fullTitle:"Prostate Cancer - Leading-edge Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments"},signatures:"Meral Huri, Burcu Semin Akel and Sedef Şahin",authors:[{id:"171525",title:"Dr.",name:"Meral",middleName:null,surname:"Huri",slug:"meral-huri",fullName:"Meral Huri"},{id:"183078",title:"Dr.",name:"Burcu Semin",middleName:null,surname:"Akel",slug:"burcu-semin-akel",fullName:"Burcu Semin Akel"},{id:"183079",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sedef",middleName:null,surname:"Şahin",slug:"sedef-sahin",fullName:"Sedef Şahin"}]},{id:"51717",title:"Maspin Expression and its Metastasis Suppressing Function in Prostate Cancer",slug:"maspin-expression-and-its-metastasis-suppressing-function-in-prostate-cancer",totalDownloads:1519,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:"Mammary Serine Protease Inhibitor (Maspin) is a unique member of the serpin family with tumor suppressive properties. Maspin is a secreted protein encoded by a class II tumor suppressor gene, expressed in normal prostate luminal and basal cells but reduced or absent in prostate cancer. Currently, there is a consensus that maspin expression in prostate cancer is an indicator of a better prognosis and is a predictive marker for therapeutic response in prostate cancer. Experimental evidence consistently indicates that maspin suppresses tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis and promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. In this chapter, we discuss regulation of maspin expression, binding partners of maspin, and pathways through which maspin exerts its tumor suppressive properties. In addition, we summarize the progress that investigators have made in clarifying the role of maspin in prostate cancer biology and in assessing its role as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic agent.",book:{id:"5231",slug:"prostate-cancer-leading-edge-diagnostic-procedures-and-treatments",title:"Prostate Cancer",fullTitle:"Prostate Cancer - Leading-edge Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments"},signatures:"Eswar Shankar, Mario Candamo, Gregory T. MacLennan and Sanjay\nGupta",authors:[{id:"182205",title:"Dr.",name:"Sanjay",middleName:null,surname:"Gupta",slug:"sanjay-gupta",fullName:"Sanjay Gupta"},{id:"187577",title:"Dr.",name:"Eswar",middleName:null,surname:"Shankar",slug:"eswar-shankar",fullName:"Eswar Shankar"},{id:"187578",title:"Mr.",name:"Mario",middleName:null,surname:"Candamo",slug:"mario-candamo",fullName:"Mario Candamo"},{id:"187579",title:"Prof.",name:"Gregory",middleName:null,surname:"MacLennan",slug:"gregory-maclennan",fullName:"Gregory MacLennan"}]},{id:"50734",title:"Genetic Association Studies on Prostate Cancer",slug:"genetic-association-studies-on-prostate-cancer",totalDownloads:1473,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"The modern research on molecular basis of prostate cancer (PCa) development includes studies aiming to identify potential genetic markers which could be used in diagnostics and/or monitoring of PCa. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 75 variants associated with PCa risk. One of the major PCa-related regions identified through GWASs is found to be a segment of 8q24. Other important PCa-susceptibility regions are 17q12, 17q24, 10q11, and 19q13. Candidate-gene based approach has also provided evidence of association between PCa risk and genetic variants located in functionally significant genes (both protein-coding and noncoding RNA genes) involved in normal prostatic cell growth, malignant transformation, or in the development of metastases. Nevertheless, the success of these studies is questionable, since numerous candidates for PCa-susceptibility variants were identified, but these results failed to replicate. The main aim of both types of genetic association studies on PCa is the identification of potential PCa genetic markers which could be used for constructing reliable algorithms for evaluating the risk for PCa development and/or PCa progression.",book:{id:"5231",slug:"prostate-cancer-leading-edge-diagnostic-procedures-and-treatments",title:"Prostate Cancer",fullTitle:"Prostate Cancer - Leading-edge Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments"},signatures:"Zorana Nikolić, Dušanka Savić Pavićević and Goran Brajušković",authors:[{id:"182450",title:"Prof.",name:"Goran",middleName:null,surname:"Brajuskovic",slug:"goran-brajuskovic",fullName:"Goran Brajuskovic"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"1072",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:140,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:123,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. 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The combination of electronics and computer science with biology and medicine has improved patient diagnosis, reduced rehabilitation time, and helped to facilitate a better quality of life. Nowadays, all medical imaging devices, medical instruments, or new laboratory techniques result from the cooperation of specialists in various fields. The series of Biomedical Engineering books covers such areas of knowledge as chemistry, physics, electronics, medicine, and biology. 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His research interests are focused on modern imaging methods used in medicine and pharmacy, including in particular hyperspectral imaging, dynamic thermovision analysis, high-resolution ultrasound, as well as other techniques such as EPR, NMR and hemispheric directional reflectance. Author of over 100 scientific works, patents and industrial designs. Expert of the Polish National Center for Research and Development, Member of the Investment Committee in the Bridge Alfa NCBiR program, expert of the Polish Ministry of Funds and Regional Policy, Polish Medical Research Agency. Editor-in-chief of the journal in the field of aesthetic medicine and dermatology - Aesthetica.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Medical University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",slug:"adriano-andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",biography:"Dr. Adriano de Oliveira Andrade graduated in Electrical Engineering at the Federal University of Goiás (Brazil) in 1997. He received his MSc and PhD in Biomedical Engineering respectively from the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU, Brazil) in 2000 and from the University of Reading (UK) in 2005. He completed a one-year Post-Doctoral Fellowship awarded by the DFAIT (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada) at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering of the University of New Brunswick (Canada) in 2010. Currently, he is Professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering (UFU). He has authored and co-authored more than 200 peer-reviewed publications in Biomedical Engineering. He has been a researcher of The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil) since 2009. He has served as an ad-hoc consultant for CNPq, CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), FINEP (Brazilian Innovation Agency), and other funding bodies on several occasions. He was the Secretary of the Brazilian Society of Biomedical Engineering (SBEB) from 2015 to 2016, President of SBEB (2017-2018) and Vice-President of SBEB (2019-2020). He was the head of the undergraduate program in Biomedical Engineering of the Federal University of Uberlândia (2015 - June/2019) and the head of the Centre for Innovation and Technology Assessment in Health (NIATS/UFU) since 2010. He is the head of the Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering (UFU, July/2019 - to date). He was the secretary of the Parkinson's Disease Association of Uberlândia (2018-2019). Dr. Andrade's primary area of research is focused towards getting information from the neuromuscular system to understand its strategies of organization, adaptation and controlling in the context of motor neuron diseases. His research interests include Biomedical Signal Processing and Modelling, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation Engineering, Neuroengineering and Parkinson's Disease.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Uberlândia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",slug:"luis-villarreal-gomez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",biography:"Dr. Luis Villarreal is a research professor from the Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México. Dr. Villarreal is the editor in chief and founder of the Revista de Ciencias Tecnológicas (RECIT) (https://recit.uabc.mx/) and is a member of several editorial and reviewer boards for numerous international journals. He has published more than thirty international papers and reviewed more than ninety-two manuscripts. 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For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7218",title:"OCT",subtitle:"Applications in Ophthalmology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7218.jpg",slug:"oct-applications-in-ophthalmology",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Michele Lanza",hash:"e3a3430cdfd6999caccac933e4613885",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"OCT - Applications in Ophthalmology",editors:[{id:"240088",title:"Prof.",name:"Michele",middleName:null,surname:"Lanza",slug:"michele-lanza",fullName:"Michele Lanza",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/240088/images/system/240088.png",biography:"Michele Lanza is Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at Università della Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy. His fields of interest are anterior segment disease, keratoconus, glaucoma, corneal dystrophies, and cataracts. His research topics include\nintraocular lens power calculation, eye modification induced by refractive surgery, glaucoma progression, and validation of new diagnostic devices in ophthalmology. \nHe has published more than 100 papers in international and Italian scientific journals, more than 60 in journals with impact factors, and chapters in international and Italian books. 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In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null},{id:"332819",title:"Dr.",name:"Chukwudi Michael",middleName:"Michael",surname:"Egbuche",slug:"chukwudi-michael-egbuche",fullName:"Chukwudi Michael Egbuche",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/332819/images/14624_n.jpg",biography:"I an Dr. Chukwudi Michael Egbuche. I am a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nnamdi Azikiwe University",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"284232",title:"Mr.",name:"Nikunj",middleName:"U",surname:"Tandel",slug:"nikunj-tandel",fullName:"Nikunj Tandel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/284232/images/8275_n.jpg",biography:'Mr. Nikunj Tandel has completed his Master\'s degree in Biotechnology from VIT University, India in the year of 2012. He is having 8 years of research experience especially in the field of malaria epidemiology, immunology, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery system against the infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancer. He has worked for the NIH funded-International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research project "Center for the study of complex malaria in India (CSCMi)" in collaboration with New York University. The preliminary objectives of the study are to understand and develop the evidence-based tools and interventions for the control and prevention of malaria in different sites of the INDIA. Alongside, with the help of next-generation genomics study, the team has studied the antimalarial drug resistance in India. Further, he has extended his research in the development of Humanized mice for the study of liver-stage malaria and identification of molecular marker(s) for the Artemisinin resistance. At present, his research focuses on understanding the role of B cells in the activation of CD8+ T cells in malaria. Received the CSIR-SRF (Senior Research Fellow) award-2018, FIMSA (Federation of Immunological Societies of Asia-Oceania) Travel Bursary award to attend the IUIS-IIS-FIMSA Immunology course-2019',institutionString:"Nirma University",institution:{name:"Nirma University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"334383",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Simone",middleName:"Ulrich",surname:"Ulrich Picoli",slug:"simone-ulrich-picoli",fullName:"Simone Ulrich Picoli",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/334383/images/15919_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated in Pharmacy from Universidade Luterana do Brasil (1999), Master in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (2002), Specialization in Clinical Microbiology from Universidade de São Paulo, USP (2007) and PhD in Sciences in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012). She is currently an Adjunct Professor at Feevale University in Medicine and Biomedicine courses and a permanent professor of the Academic Master\\'s Degree in Virology. She has experience in the field of Microbiology, with an emphasis on Bacteriology, working mainly on the following topics: bacteriophages, bacterial resistance, clinical microbiology and food microbiology.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Feevale",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"229220",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",middleName:"Islam",surname:"Aqib",slug:"amjad-aqib",fullName:"Amjad Aqib",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/229220/images/system/229220.png",biography:"Dr. Amjad Islam Aqib obtained a DVM and MSc (Hons) from University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan, and a PhD from the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. Dr. Aqib joined the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery at UAF for one year as an assistant professor where he developed a research laboratory designated for pathogenic bacteria. Since 2018, he has been Assistant Professor/Officer in-charge, Department of Medicine, Manager Research Operations and Development-ORIC, and President One Health Club at Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. He has nearly 100 publications to his credit. His research interests include epidemiological patterns and molecular analysis of antimicrobial resistance and modulation and vaccine development against animal pathogens of public health concern.",institutionString:"Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences",institution:{name:"University of Agriculture Faisalabad",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"333753",title:"Dr.",name:"Rais",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmed",slug:"rais-ahmed",fullName:"Rais Ahmed",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/333753/images/20168_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agriculture Faisalabad",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"62900",title:"Prof.",name:"Fethi",middleName:null,surname:"Derbel",slug:"fethi-derbel",fullName:"Fethi Derbel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62900/images/system/62900.jpeg",biography:"Professor Fethi Derbel was born in 1960 in Tunisia. He received his medical degree from the Sousse Faculty of Medicine at Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia. He completed his surgical residency in General Surgery at the University Hospital Farhat Hached of Sousse and was a member of the Unit of Liver Transplantation in the University of Rennes, France. He then worked in the Department of Surgery at the Sahloul University Hospital in Sousse. Professor Derbel is presently working at the Clinique les Oliviers, Sousse, Tunisia. His hospital activities are mostly concerned with laparoscopic, colorectal, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, and gastric surgery. He is also very interested in hernia surgery and performs ventral hernia repairs and inguinal hernia repairs. He has been a member of the GREPA and Tunisian Hernia Society (THS). During his residency, he managed patients suffering from diabetic foot, and he was very interested in this pathology. For this reason, he decided to coordinate a book project dealing with the diabetic foot. Professor Derbel has published many articles in journals and collaborates intensively with IntechOpen Access Publisher as an editor.",institutionString:"Clinique les Oliviers",institution:null},{id:"300144",title:"Dr.",name:"Meriem",middleName:null,surname:"Braiki",slug:"meriem-braiki",fullName:"Meriem Braiki",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/300144/images/system/300144.jpg",biography:"Dr. Meriem Braiki is a specialist in pediatric surgeon from Tunisia. She was born in 1985. She received her medical degree from the University of Medicine at Sousse, Tunisia. She achieved her surgical residency training periods in Pediatric Surgery departments at University Hospitals in Monastir, Tunis and France.\r\nShe is currently working at the Pediatric surgery department, Sidi Bouzid Hospital, Tunisia. Her hospital activities are mostly concerned with laparoscopic, parietal, urological and digestive surgery. She has published several articles in diffrent journals.",institutionString:"Sidi Bouzid Regional Hospital",institution:null},{id:"229481",title:"Dr.",name:"Erika M.",middleName:"Martins",surname:"de Carvalho",slug:"erika-m.-de-carvalho",fullName:"Erika M. de Carvalho",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/229481/images/6397_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"186537",title:"Prof.",name:"Tonay",middleName:null,surname:"Inceboz",slug:"tonay-inceboz",fullName:"Tonay Inceboz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186537/images/system/186537.jfif",biography:"I was graduated from Ege University of Medical Faculty (Turkey) in 1988 and completed his Med. PhD degree in Medical Parasitology at the same university. I became an Associate Professor in 2008 and Professor in 2014. I am currently working as a Professor at the Department of Medical Parasitology at Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.\n\nI have given many lectures, presentations in different academic meetings. I have more than 60 articles in peer-reviewed journals, 18 book chapters, 1 book editorship.\n\nMy research interests are Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis (diagnosis, life cycle, in vitro and in vivo cultivation), and Trichomonas vaginalis (diagnosis, PCR, and in vitro cultivation).",institutionString:"Dokuz Eylül University",institution:{name:"Dokuz Eylül University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"71812",title:"Prof.",name:"Hanem Fathy",middleName:"Fathy",surname:"Khater",slug:"hanem-fathy-khater",fullName:"Hanem Fathy Khater",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71812/images/1167_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. Khater is a Professor of Parasitology at Benha University, Egypt. She studied for her doctoral degree, at the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA. She has completed her Ph.D. degrees in Parasitology in Egypt, from where she got the award for “the best scientific Ph.D. dissertation”. She worked at the School of Biological Sciences, Bristol, England, the UK in controlling insects of medical and veterinary importance as a grant from Newton Mosharafa, the British Council. Her research is focused on searching of pesticides against mosquitoes, house flies, lice, green bottle fly, camel nasal botfly, soft and hard ticks, mites, and the diamondback moth as well as control of several parasites using safe and natural materials to avoid drug resistances and environmental contamination.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Banha University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"99780",title:"Prof.",name:"Omolade",middleName:"Olayinka",surname:"Okwa",slug:"omolade-okwa",fullName:"Omolade Okwa",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/99780/images/system/99780.jpg",biography:"Omolade Olayinka Okwa is presently a Professor of Parasitology at Lagos State University, Nigeria. She has a PhD in Parasitology (1997), an MSc in Cellular Parasitology (1992), and a BSc (Hons) Zoology (1990) all from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. She teaches parasitology at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. She was a recipient of a Commonwealth fellowship supported by British Council tenable at the Centre for Entomology and Parasitology (CAEP), Keele University, United Kingdom between 2004 and 2005. She was awarded an Honorary Visiting Research Fellow at the same university from 2005 to 2007. \nShe has been an external examiner to the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, MSc programme between 2010 and 2012. She is a member of the Nigerian Society of Experimental Biology (NISEB), Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN), Science Association of Nigeria (SAN), Zoological Society of Nigeria (ZSN), and is Vice Chairperson of the Organisation of Women in Science (OWSG), LASU chapter. She served as Head of Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Lagos State University from 2007 to 2010 and 2014 to 2016. She is a reviewer for several local and international journals such as Unilag Journal of Science, Libyan Journal of Medicine, Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, and Annual Research and Review in Science. \nShe has authored 45 scientific research publications in local and international journals, 8 scientific reviews, 4 books, and 3 book chapters, which includes the books “Malaria Parasites” and “Malaria” which are IntechOpen access publications.",institutionString:"Lagos State University",institution:{name:"Lagos State University",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/273100/images/system/273100.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Gayam is currently practicing as an internist at Interfaith Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, USA. He is also a Clinical Assistant Professor at the SUNY Downstate University Hospital and Adjunct Professor of Medicine at the American University of Antigua. He is a holder of an M.B.B.S. degree bestowed to him by Osmania Medical College and received his M.D. at Interfaith Medical Center. His career goals thus far have heavily focused on direct patient care, medical education, and clinical research. He currently serves in two leadership capacities; Assistant Program Director of Medicine at Interfaith Medical Center and as a Councilor for the American\r\nFederation for Medical Research. As a true academician and researcher, he has more than 50 papers indexed in international peer-reviewed journals. He has also presented numerous papers in multiple national and international scientific conferences. His areas of research interest include general internal medicine, gastroenterology and hepatology. He serves as an editor, editorial board member and reviewer for multiple international journals. His research on Hepatitis C has been very successful and has led to multiple research awards, including the 'Equity in Prevention and Treatment Award” from the New York Department of Health Viral Hepatitis Symposium (2018) and the 'Presidential Poster Award” awarded to him by the American College of Gastroenterology (2018). He was also awarded 'Outstanding Clinician in General Medicine” by Venus International Foundation for his extensive research expertise and services, perform over and above the standard expected in the advancement of healthcare, patient safety and quality of care.",institutionString:"Interfaith Medical Center",institution:{name:"Interfaith Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"93517",title:"Dr.",name:"Clement",middleName:"Adebajo",surname:"Meseko",slug:"clement-meseko",fullName:"Clement Meseko",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/93517/images/system/93517.jpg",biography:"Dr. Clement Meseko obtained DVM and PhD degree in Veterinary Medicine and Virology respectively. He has worked for over 20 years in both private and public sectors including the academia, contributing to knowledge and control of infectious disease. Through the application of epidemiological skill, classical and molecular virological skills, he investigates viruses of economic and public health importance for the mitigation of the negative impact on people, animal and the environment in the context of Onehealth. \r\nDr. Meseko’s field experience on animal and zoonotic diseases and pathogen dynamics at the human-animal interface over the years shaped his carrier in research and scientific inquiries. He has been part of the investigation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza incursions in sub Saharan Africa and monitors swine Influenza (Pandemic influenza Virus) agro-ecology and potential for interspecies transmission. He has authored and reviewed a number of journal articles and book chapters.",institutionString:"National Veterinary Research Institute",institution:{name:"National Veterinary Research Institute",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Dr. Saxena is a fellow of various international societies/academies including the Royal College of Pathologists, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Royal Society of Biology, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Chemistry, London; and Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals, Austria. He was named a Global Leader in Science by The Scientist. He is also an international opinion leader/expert in vaccination for Japanese encephalitis by IPIC (UK).",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"94928",title:"Dr.",name:"Takuo",middleName:null,surname:"Mizukami",slug:"takuo-mizukami",fullName:"Takuo Mizukami",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94928/images/6402_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Institute of Infectious Diseases",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"233433",title:"Dr.",name:"Yulia",middleName:null,surname:"Desheva",slug:"yulia-desheva",fullName:"Yulia Desheva",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/233433/images/system/233433.png",biography:"Dr. Yulia Desheva is a leading researcher at the Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia. She is a professor in the Stomatology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University. She has expertise in the development and evaluation of a wide range of live mucosal vaccines against influenza and bacterial complications. Her research interests include immunity against influenza and COVID-19 and the development of immunization schemes for high-risk individuals.",institutionString:'Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine"',institution:null},{id:"238958",title:"Mr.",name:"Atamjit",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"atamjit-singh",fullName:"Atamjit Singh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/238958/images/6575_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"252058",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Juan",middleName:null,surname:"Sulca",slug:"juan-sulca",fullName:"Juan Sulca",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252058/images/12834_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"191392",title:"Dr.",name:"Marimuthu",middleName:null,surname:"Govindarajan",slug:"marimuthu-govindarajan",fullName:"Marimuthu Govindarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/191392/images/5828_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. M. Govindarajan completed his BSc degree in Zoology at Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, and MSc, MPhil, and PhD degrees at Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India. He is serving as an assistant professor at the Department of Zoology, Annamalai University. His research interests include isolation, identification, and characterization of biologically active molecules from plants and microbes. He has identified more than 20 pure compounds with high mosquitocidal activity and also conducted high-quality research on photochemistry and nanosynthesis. He has published more than 150 studies in journals with impact factor and 2 books in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany. He serves as an editorial board member in various national and international scientific journals.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"274660",title:"Dr.",name:"Damodar",middleName:null,surname:"Paudel",slug:"damodar-paudel",fullName:"Damodar Paudel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/274660/images/8176_n.jpg",biography:"I am DrDamodar Paudel,currently working as consultant Physician in Nepal police Hospital.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"241562",title:"Dr.",name:"Melvin",middleName:null,surname:"Sanicas",slug:"melvin-sanicas",fullName:"Melvin Sanicas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241562/images/6699_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"117248",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Macnab",slug:"andrew-macnab",fullName:"Andrew Macnab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"322007",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Elizbeth",middleName:null,surname:"Alvarez-Sánchez",slug:"maria-elizbeth-alvarez-sanchez",fullName:"Maria Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"337443",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan",middleName:null,surname:"A. Gonzalez-Sanchez",slug:"juan-a.-gonzalez-sanchez",fullName:"Juan A. Gonzalez-Sanchez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Puerto Rico System",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"337446",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Zavala-Colon",slug:"maria-zavala-colon",fullName:"Maria Zavala-Colon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus",country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"8",type:"subseries",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11404,editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",slug:"adriano-andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",biography:"Dr. Adriano de Oliveira Andrade graduated in Electrical Engineering at the Federal University of Goiás (Brazil) in 1997. He received his MSc and PhD in Biomedical Engineering respectively from the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU, Brazil) in 2000 and from the University of Reading (UK) in 2005. He completed a one-year Post-Doctoral Fellowship awarded by the DFAIT (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada) at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering of the University of New Brunswick (Canada) in 2010. Currently, he is Professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering (UFU). He has authored and co-authored more than 200 peer-reviewed publications in Biomedical Engineering. He has been a researcher of The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil) since 2009. He has served as an ad-hoc consultant for CNPq, CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), FINEP (Brazilian Innovation Agency), and other funding bodies on several occasions. He was the Secretary of the Brazilian Society of Biomedical Engineering (SBEB) from 2015 to 2016, President of SBEB (2017-2018) and Vice-President of SBEB (2019-2020). He was the head of the undergraduate program in Biomedical Engineering of the Federal University of Uberlândia (2015 - June/2019) and the head of the Centre for Innovation and Technology Assessment in Health (NIATS/UFU) since 2010. He is the head of the Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering (UFU, July/2019 - to date). He was the secretary of the Parkinson's Disease Association of Uberlândia (2018-2019). Dr. Andrade's primary area of research is focused towards getting information from the neuromuscular system to understand its strategies of organization, adaptation and controlling in the context of motor neuron diseases. 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Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",annualVolume:11405,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"35539",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Cristea",fullName:"Cecilia Cristea",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYQ65QAG/Profile_Picture_1621007741527",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"40735",title:"Dr.",name:"Gil",middleName:"Alberto Batista",surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Gil Gonçalves",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYRLGQA4/Profile_Picture_1628492612759",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"211725",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Johann F.",middleName:null,surname:"Osma",fullName:"Johann F. 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