\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"6493",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Psychotic Disorders - An Update",title:"Psychotic Disorders",subtitle:"An Update",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"In this book, with the involvement not only of clinical psychiatrists but also of neurobiologists, specific issues of psychotic disorders (mainly schizophrenia and mood disorders) are reviewed. The focus of attention ranges from therapeutics to the new frontiers of epigenetics. A special focus is on the individual reactions to psychosis (ranging from psychological ones to treatments and neurobiological basis). Because of the rapid development of neurosciences, which are showing common underling factors to different phenotypical expressions of mental illness, we are facing an enormous growth of biological data, which is not always easy to interpret. The risk is to forget that we are relating to other individuals, with their stories, and, most of all, with their environmental resources and interactions. The contributions to this book will range from individual experience (a personal history of illness) through some aspects of individual management of illness (insight), from correct use of available psychosocial resources to the environment-gene relationships (epigenetics).",isbn:"978-1-78923-325-4",printIsbn:"978-1-78923-324-7",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83881-500-4",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70973",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"psychotic-disorders-an-update",numberOfPages:172,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!1,hash:"10c61c9adb13a7f0780176f556353b2e",bookSignature:"Federico Durbano",publishedDate:"June 27th 2018",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6493.jpg",numberOfDownloads:9396,numberOfWosCitations:6,numberOfCrossrefCitations:5,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:14,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:25,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"September 20th 2017",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"October 11th 2017",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"December 10th 2017",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"February 28th 2018",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"April 29th 2018",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"157077",title:"Dr.",name:"Federico",middleName:null,surname:"Durbano",slug:"federico-durbano",fullName:"Federico Durbano",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/157077/images/system/157077.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Federico Durbano received a degree in Medicine with a specialization in Psychiatry. He has worked at various hospitals, including Milan “Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico,” Treviglio, Melegnano, and Fatebenefratelli, where he achieved significant career milestones. He is currently the director of the Mental Health and Substance Abuse Department at ASST Melegnano e della Martesana. Dr. Durbano has had teaching assignments at the University of Milan (Nursing School) and the University of Castellanza (Master in Criminology). He has attended more than seventy local and national congresses and courses as an invited speaker and has published more than 180 papers. He is also a technical advisor to the court in the field of forensic psychiatry.",institutionString:"Mental Health and Substance Abuse Department in ASST Melegnano and Martesana",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"6",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"5",institution:{name:"ASST Melegnano e della Martesana",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1061",title:"Psychiatry",slug:"mental-and-behavioural-disorders-and-diseases-of-the-nervous-system-psychiatry"}],chapters:[{id:"61322",title:"Introductory Chapter: Unmet Needs and Future Developments",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77325",slug:"introductory-chapter-unmet-needs-and-future-developments",totalDownloads:954,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Federico Durbano",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/61322",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/61322",authors:[{id:"157077",title:"Dr.",name:"Federico",surname:"Durbano",slug:"federico-durbano",fullName:"Federico Durbano"}],corrections:null},{id:"58826",title:"Descent into Darkness",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72602",slug:"descent-into-darkness",totalDownloads:998,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This personal narrative of a time with schizophrenia will cover one patient’s descent into madness and ultimate recovery from a period that felt like a sentence in a prison of hell and irrationality. Following a breakdown that led to the patient’s withdrawal from graduate school, this narrative covers the experience of madness that led to delusions and hallucinations which tyrannized the patient’s world. The narrative not only follows the breakdown of humanity that cursed the patient’s understanding but also provides for the highlights of recovery that brought about a return to intellectual activities and a full comprehension of experience in the world. Though this patient’s life was destroyed by schizophrenia, including the loss of all worldly goods and a career in academia, her experience of caring psychiatrists and a loving family redeemed her life and brought about solace and renewal at last.",signatures:"Susan Weiner",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58826",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58826",authors:[{id:"222909",title:"Ms.",name:"Susan",surname:"Weiner",slug:"susan-weiner",fullName:"Susan Weiner"}],corrections:null},{id:"60685",title:"Lack of Insight in Bipolar Disorder: The Impact on Treatment Adherence, Adverse Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.76286",slug:"lack-of-insight-in-bipolar-disorder-the-impact-on-treatment-adherence-adverse-clinical-outcomes-and-",totalDownloads:1291,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Insight is a multidimensional construct, defined as the awareness of having a mental disorder, of specific symptoms and their attribution to the disorder, the awareness of social consequences, and of need for treatment. Although insight has been studied specifically in schizophrenia and its study in mood disorders has traditionally received limited attention, the evaluation of this concept in mood disorders is also very important because of the impact on treatment compliance and outcome. In bipolar disorder (BD), clinical insight varies substantially over time. Most researchers observed that insight is more impaired during an illness episode than during remission, in mixed than in pure manic episodes, in bipolar II than in bipolar I patients, and in pure mania than in bipolar or unipolar depression. Lack of insight is a consistent factor of non-adherence to medication in bipolar patients, along with severity of BD, side effects of medication, effectiveness, and patient-related factors. Also, impaired insight into treatment and a great number of previous hospitalizations are associated with poorer clinical outcomes (psychiatric hospitalization, emergency room visits, violent or suicidal behavior) among the patients with bipolar I disorder. In the management of bipolar disorder, improving quality of life (QoL) and outcome should be one the most important goals.",signatures:"Cătălina Angela Crișan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/60685",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/60685",authors:[{id:"215543",title:"Dr.",name:"Catalina",surname:"Crisan",slug:"catalina-crisan",fullName:"Catalina Crisan"}],corrections:null},{id:"58847",title:"Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Constructs, Burden, and Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73300",slug:"negative-symptoms-of-schizophrenia-constructs-burden-and-management",totalDownloads:1709,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The aim of the chapter is to raise awareness about recent constructs of negative symptoms, their burden on patients, caregivers and society, and about their management. Schizophrenia consists of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. However, treating physicians are not necessarily aware about recent constructs of negative symptoms, their presence at prodromal stage, and the distinction among primary, secondary, persistent, prominent, or predominant negative symptoms. Negative symptoms have a substantial impact on the day-to-day functioning of patients with schizophrenia and contribute more to impaired quality of life and poor functioning than positive symptoms do. Additionally, they are associated with high costs for society and a substantial burden for caregivers. Negative symptoms are not adequately treated by available antipsychotic therapies. Publications have shown that no antipsychotic has a beneficial effect when compared to another. Cariprazine is the only antipsychotic that has proven superiority over another antipsychotic (risperidone) in one clinical study.",signatures:"Agota Barabassy, Balázs Szatmári, István Laszlovszky and György\nNémeth",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58847",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58847",authors:[{id:"223610",title:"Dr.",name:"Agota",surname:"Barabassy",slug:"agota-barabassy",fullName:"Agota Barabassy"},{id:"239408",title:"Dr.",name:"Balázs",surname:"Szatmári",slug:"balazs-szatmari",fullName:"Balázs Szatmári"},{id:"239409",title:"Dr.",name:"István",surname:"Laszlovszky",slug:"istvan-laszlovszky",fullName:"István Laszlovszky"},{id:"239410",title:"Dr.",name:"György",surname:"Németh",slug:"gyorgy-nemeth",fullName:"György Németh"}],corrections:null},{id:"60964",title:"Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation to Facilitate Recovery of People Living with Long-Term Schizophrenia in Developing Countries",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75548",slug:"interdisciplinary-rehabilitation-to-facilitate-recovery-of-people-living-with-long-term-schizophreni",totalDownloads:1208,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Schizophrenia is characterized by irregular, alternating episodes of exacerbation and remission of psychotic symptoms. The occupational care for people living with long-term schizophrenia (PLWS) after medical treatment, for re-engagement into work, leisure, and daily-living activities, still needs attention. Personalizing follow-up care of PLWS can improve the medical-psychosocial level of patient with differing medical, physical, and psychosocial effects from their treatment exposures. This chapter highlights the call for an individual care approach that is often lacking in resource-limited countries with additional burden from entrenched stigma. Patient categorization for PLWS may be a cost-effective step forward to overcome the less effective, one-size-fits-all approach. The need to address personalized assessment of risk exposure and to remediate its consequences on function, recovery, and quality of life calls for a better interdisciplinary-care approach, and a renewed investment to ensure occupational performance after recovery. Medicine is initial, but personalized rehabilitation is warranted for much improved functioning and better quality of life. Research is also needed to evaluate and document the effectiveness of various models of interdisciplinary care for PLWS that have been developed but may not be tested/evaluated and also on models tested effective but on other long-term nonphysical conditions.",signatures:"Siew Yim Loh",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/60964",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/60964",authors:[{id:"190912",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Siew Yim",surname:"Loh",slug:"siew-yim-loh",fullName:"Siew Yim Loh"}],corrections:null},{id:"61813",title:"Genetics and Epigenetics of Schizophrenia",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75930",slug:"genetics-and-epigenetics-of-schizophrenia",totalDownloads:1100,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex mental disorder, with a longstanding history of neurobiological investigation. It is more common in those persons who are genetically predisposed to the disorder. Since Kraepelin, psychiatrists were aware that the SCZ tended to run in families. Its heritability is up to 85%. Although the etiology of SCZ is unknown, it is now thought to be multifactorial, with multiple susceptibility genes interacting with environmental and developmental factors. There is a huge amount of genetic studies, including polymorphisms, expression, methylation, microRNAs, and epigenomics. However, identifying genes for SCZ using traditional genetic approaches has thus far proven quite difficult. Reasons for this include the complexity, heterogeneity, and comorbidity of this disorder, and also the poor definition of the clinical phenotype. Important approaches to find the relation between genotype and phenotype and may be causal genetic factors are endophenotypes and pathway analysis. However, genetic researchers need to consider carefully the models of causality they choose. There is a pathophysiological pathway that extends from genes, through proteins, neurons, neural circuits, neural regions, mental functions, external behaviors, and symptoms of SCZ. In this chapter, the genetics and epigenetics of SCZ are briefly discussed.",signatures:"Esmaeil Shahsavand Ananloo",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/61813",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/61813",authors:[{id:"225463",title:"Dr.",name:"Esmaeil",surname:"Shahsavand Ananloo",slug:"esmaeil-shahsavand-ananloo",fullName:"Esmaeil Shahsavand Ananloo"}],corrections:null},{id:"58952",title:"Immune System Dysregulation and Autoimmunity in Schizophrenia: IgGs from Sera of Patients with Several Catalytic Activities",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73194",slug:"immune-system-dysregulation-and-autoimmunity-in-schizophrenia-iggs-from-sera-of-patients-with-severa",totalDownloads:964,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Schizophrenia is usually a progressive mental illness with very different polymorphic symptoms. Several different theories of schizophrenia were discussed; the causes of this disease are not yet clear. Destruction of DNA, RNA, and myelin basic protein (MBP) by inflammation caused by autoimmune reactions has been revealed. Healthy humans usually do not develop abzymes. It was shown that DNase, RNase, and MBP-hydrolyzing abzymes are easily detectable at the beginning of different autoimmune diseases (AIDs). During the development of spontaneous and induced AIDs in mice, a specific reorganization of their immune system associated with the generation of abzymes hydrolyzing different autoantigens was revealed. SCZ is currently not assigned to classical autoimmune diseases. However, the sera of approximately 30% of SCZ patients demonstrated a high level of anti-DNA Abs (comparing to 37% of SLE patients); abzymes hydrolyzing DNA, RNA, and MBP were revealed in 80–100% of SCZ patients. The site-specific hydrolysis of four known SCZ-specific microRNA playing an important role in the regulation of several genes functioning was revealed. Anti-MBP IgGs hydrolyze specifically only MBP but not other proteins. The data indicate that SCZ patients may to a certain extent show similar to SLE and MS patients’ typical signs of autoimmune processes.",signatures:"Valentina N. Buneva, Evgeny A. Ermakov and Georgy A. Nevinsky",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58952",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58952",authors:[{id:"47119",title:"Dr.",name:"Georgy",surname:"Nevinsky",slug:"georgy-nevinsky",fullName:"Georgy Nevinsky"},{id:"178315",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",surname:"Buneva",slug:"valentina-buneva",fullName:"Valentina Buneva"},{id:"223509",title:"Mr.",name:"Evgeny",surname:"Ermakov",slug:"evgeny-ermakov",fullName:"Evgeny Ermakov"}],corrections:null},{id:"58976",title:"Epigenetic and Schizophrenia",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73242",slug:"epigenetic-and-schizophrenia",totalDownloads:1181,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterised by the presence of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms that lack a unifying neuropathology. The absence of consistently replicated genetic effects, together with evidence for lasting changes in gene expression after environmental exposures, suggests a role of epigenetic mechanisms. In this chapter, we will focus on these mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, histone modifications or non-coding RNA, as key mechanisms through which environmental factors interact with individual’s genetic constitution which affect the risk of psychotic conditions throughout life. Due to the advances experienced in recent years, it is to be expected that in the next decades, an increasing amount of data will provide us with a more complete landscape of the contribution of epigenetics to the development of mental disorders such as schizophrenia.",signatures:"Ariel Cariaga-Martinez and Raúl Alelú-Paz",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58976",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58976",authors:[{id:"222376",title:"Dr.",name:"Raúl",surname:"Alelú-Paz",slug:"raul-alelu-paz",fullName:"Raúl Alelú-Paz"},{id:"223328",title:"Dr.",name:"Ariel Ernesto",surname:"Cariaga-Martínez",slug:"ariel-ernesto-cariaga-martinez",fullName:"Ariel Ernesto Cariaga-Martínez"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"4651",title:"A Fresh Look at Anxiety Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8f18ff3698fbd7584a3da8a3e4916fba",slug:"a-fresh-look-at-anxiety-disorders",bookSignature:"Federico Durbano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4651.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"157077",title:"Dr.",name:"Federico",surname:"Durbano",slug:"federico-durbano",fullName:"Federico Durbano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3295",title:"New Insights into Anxiety Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"013c40f1052a8d6b3ab2d6bb6f797921",slug:"new-insights-into-anxiety-disorders",bookSignature:"Federico Durbano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3295.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"157077",title:"Dr.",name:"Federico",surname:"Durbano",slug:"federico-durbano",fullName:"Federico Durbano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5384",title:"New Developments in Anxiety Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c355c8b1bce4b291f916878f12e0ab8a",slug:"new-developments-in-anxiety-disorders",bookSignature:"Federico Durbano and Barbara Marchesi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5384.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"157077",title:"Dr.",name:"Federico",surname:"Durbano",slug:"federico-durbano",fullName:"Federico Durbano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5795",title:"Psychopathy",subtitle:"New Updates on an Old Phenomenon",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2e33769ff3c930094c4e350ec6a2b6b5",slug:"psychopathy-new-updates-on-an-old-phenomenon",bookSignature:"Federico Durbano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5795.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"157077",title:"Dr.",name:"Federico",surname:"Durbano",slug:"federico-durbano",fullName:"Federico Durbano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"510",title:"Anxiety Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"183445801a9be3bfbce31fe9752ad3db",slug:"anxiety-disorders",bookSignature:"Vladimir Kalinin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/510.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"31572",title:null,name:"Vladimir V.",surname:"Kalinin",slug:"vladimir-v.-kalinin",fullName:"Vladimir V. Kalinin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"223",title:"Autism Spectrum Disorders",subtitle:"From Genes to Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b0f16213bb2d326764042954eb334d26",slug:"autism-spectrum-disorders-from-genes-to-environment",bookSignature:"Tim Williams",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/223.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"41876",title:"Prof.",name:"Tim",surname:"Williams",slug:"tim-williams",fullName:"Tim Williams"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"511",title:"Different Views of Anxiety Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"67c7072e43934bc5f7424204e0b70aa1",slug:"different-views-of-anxiety-disorders",bookSignature:"Salih Selek",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/511.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"33081",title:"Dr.",name:"Salih",surname:"Selek",slug:"salih-selek",fullName:"Salih Selek"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3515",title:"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"25e76e7e9ad2a9da50530c3c68292feb",slug:"attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-in-children-and-adolescents",bookSignature:"Somnath Banerjee",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3515.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73771",title:"Dr.",name:"Somnath",surname:"Banerjee",slug:"somnath-banerjee",fullName:"Somnath Banerjee"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"463",title:"A Comprehensive Book on Autism Spectrum Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"a-comprehensive-book-on-autism-spectrum-disorders",bookSignature:"Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/463.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62755",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad-Reza",surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"mohammad-reza-mohammadi",fullName:"Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"282",title:"New Insights into the Prevention and Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3544d2f89235668f1ee9883bb6c9dd66",slug:"new-insights-into-the-prevention-and-treatment-of-bulimia-nervosa",bookSignature:"Phillipa Hay",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/282.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"34283",title:"Prof.",name:"Phillipa",surname:"Hay",slug:"phillipa-hay",fullName:"Phillipa Hay"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"65666",slug:"erratum-metrology-organic-solvents-in-the-shoes-industry-to-sfax-city-tunisia",title:"Erratum - Metrology Organic Solvents in the Shoes Industry to Sfax City (Tunisia)",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/65666.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/65666",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/65666",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/65666",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/65666",chapter:{id:"62241",slug:"metrology-organic-solvents-in-the-shoes-industry-to-sfax-city-tunisia-",signatures:"Imed Gargouri and Moncef Khadhraoui",dateSubmitted:"October 10th 2017",dateReviewed:"May 4th 2018",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"January 30th 2019",book:{id:"6671",title:"Paint and Coatings Industry",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Paint and Coatings Industry",slug:"paint-and-coatings-industry",publishedDate:"January 30th 2019",bookSignature:"Faris Yilmaz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6671.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36900",title:"Dr.",name:"Faris",middleName:"Sad",surname:"Yılmaz",slug:"faris-yilmaz",fullName:"Faris Yılmaz"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"186371",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Imed",middleName:null,surname:"Gargouri",fullName:"Imed Gargouri",slug:"imed-gargouri",email:"imed.gargouri@fmsf.rnu.tn",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Sfax",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},{id:"230836",title:"Dr.",name:"Khadhraoui",middleName:null,surname:"Moncef",fullName:"Khadhraoui Moncef",slug:"khadhraoui-moncef",email:"montunisia@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"62241",slug:"metrology-organic-solvents-in-the-shoes-industry-to-sfax-city-tunisia-",signatures:"Imed Gargouri and Moncef Khadhraoui",dateSubmitted:"October 10th 2017",dateReviewed:"May 4th 2018",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"January 30th 2019",book:{id:"6671",title:"Paint and Coatings Industry",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Paint and Coatings Industry",slug:"paint-and-coatings-industry",publishedDate:"January 30th 2019",bookSignature:"Faris Yilmaz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6671.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36900",title:"Dr.",name:"Faris",middleName:"Sad",surname:"Yılmaz",slug:"faris-yilmaz",fullName:"Faris Yılmaz"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"186371",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Imed",middleName:null,surname:"Gargouri",fullName:"Imed Gargouri",slug:"imed-gargouri",email:"imed.gargouri@fmsf.rnu.tn",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Sfax",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},{id:"230836",title:"Dr.",name:"Khadhraoui",middleName:null,surname:"Moncef",fullName:"Khadhraoui Moncef",slug:"khadhraoui-moncef",email:"montunisia@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"6671",title:"Paint and Coatings Industry",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Paint and Coatings Industry",slug:"paint-and-coatings-industry",publishedDate:"January 30th 2019",bookSignature:"Faris Yilmaz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6671.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36900",title:"Dr.",name:"Faris",middleName:"Sad",surname:"Yılmaz",slug:"faris-yilmaz",fullName:"Faris Yılmaz"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"7604",leadTitle:null,title:"Colloid Science in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book presents studies on colloidal particle/nanoparticle systems and their applications. Some of the topics covered are include nanoparticle-based drug design, theranostic nanoparticles for cancer therapy, market perspectives of colloidal particles, and stability of nanoparticles. The authors focus on recent findings, applications, and new technological developments of the fundamental properties of colloidal particle systems.",isbn:"978-1-78985-596-8",printIsbn:"978-1-78985-595-1",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-498-5",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77406",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"colloid-science-in-pharmaceutical-nanotechnology",numberOfPages:128,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,hash:"f3940914be015381c3928eae31c2457e",bookSignature:"Selcan Karakuş",publishedDate:"February 12th 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7604.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:4927,numberOfWosCitations:5,numberOfCrossrefCitations:9,numberOfDimensionsCitations:19,numberOfTotalCitations:33,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 6th 2019",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"March 29th 2019",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"May 28th 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"August 16th 2019",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"October 15th 2019",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"3 years",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,biosketch:null,coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"206110",title:"Dr.",name:"Selcan",middleName:null,surname:"Karakuş",slug:"selcan-karakus",fullName:"Selcan Karakuş",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/206110/images/system/206110.jpeg",biography:"Assoc. Prof. Selcan Karakuş is currently working at the Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Turkey. She obtained her Master of Science degree in Physical Chemistry from Istanbul University (IU) in 2006. She obtained her Doctor of Philosophy degree in Physical Chemistry from IU in 2011. She has worked as a visiting researcher at the University of Massachusetts, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering. She has research experience in nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanoemulsions, metal oxide nanostructures, and sensors. She has worked on different projects funded by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa and has published several research articles and book chapters in her area of interest.",institutionString:"Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"4",institution:{name:"Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1194",title:"Drug Delivery System",slug:"drug-delivery-system"}],chapters:[{id:"70158",title:"The Viscosity Behaviour of PEGylated Locust Bean Gum/Rosin Ester Polymeric Nanoparticles",slug:"the-viscosity-behaviour-of-pegylated-locust-bean-gum-rosin-ester-polymeric-nanoparticles",totalDownloads:682,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"69057",title:"Magnetic and Quantum Dot Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Diagnostic Systems",slug:"magnetic-and-quantum-dot-nanoparticles-for-drug-delivery-and-diagnostic-systems",totalDownloads:794,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[null]},{id:"68234",title:"Adsorption Configurations of 2-Chlorophenols on Colloidal Silica",slug:"adsorption-configurations-of-2-chlorophenols-on-colloidal-silica",totalDownloads:558,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"68397",title:"Colloid Stability Influences on the Biological Organization and Functions",slug:"colloid-stability-influences-on-the-biological-organization-and-functions",totalDownloads:628,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"34533",title:"Prof.",name:"Camillo",surname:"La Mesa",slug:"camillo-la-mesa",fullName:"Camillo La Mesa"},{id:"295610",title:"Dr.",name:"Gianfranco",surname:"Risuleo",slug:"gianfranco-risuleo",fullName:"Gianfranco Risuleo"}]},{id:"69770",title:"Self-Microemulsifying System",slug:"self-microemulsifying-system",totalDownloads:689,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[null]},{id:"70614",title:"Cyclodextrin Nanosponges: A Promising Approach for Modulating Drug Delivery",slug:"cyclodextrin-nanosponges-a-promising-approach-for-modulating-drug-delivery",totalDownloads:876,totalCrossrefCites:6,authors:[null]},{id:"70358",title:"Effect of Cyclodextrin Derivatization on Solubility and Efficacy of Drugs",slug:"effect-of-cyclodextrin-derivatization-on-solubility-and-efficacy-of-drugs",totalDownloads:702,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"252211",firstName:"Sara",lastName:"Debeuc",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252211/images/7239_n.png",email:"sara.d@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6519",title:"Science and Technology Behind Nanoemulsions",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f4dd10764e9841064827609a62952748",slug:"science-and-technology-behind-nanoemulsions",bookSignature:"Selcan Karakuş",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6519.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206110",title:"Dr.",name:"Selcan",surname:"Karakuş",slug:"selcan-karakus",fullName:"Selcan Karakuş"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6694",title:"New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3de8c8b090fd8faa7c11ec5b387c486a",slug:"new-trends-in-ion-exchange-studies",bookSignature:"Selcan Karakuş",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6694.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206110",title:"Dr.",name:"Selcan",surname:"Karakuş",slug:"selcan-karakus",fullName:"Selcan Karakuş"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9199",title:"Sonochemical Reactions",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"72f3010437d022fd2a932421ff4a9200",slug:"sonochemical-reactions",bookSignature:"Selcan Karakuş",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9199.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206110",title:"Dr.",name:"Selcan",surname:"Karakuş",slug:"selcan-karakus",fullName:"Selcan Karakuş"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5357",title:"Advanced Technology for Delivering Therapeutics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb3505baf01046e3248ceb6cea7899f0",slug:"advanced-technology-for-delivering-therapeutics",bookSignature:"Sabyasachi Maiti and Kalyan Kumar Sen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5357.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"180971",title:"Dr.",name:"Sabyasachi",surname:"Maiti",slug:"sabyasachi-maiti",fullName:"Sabyasachi Maiti"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7663",title:"Role of Novel Drug Delivery Vehicles in Nanobiomedicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e3fc1c64277dcc5702828fc74a423eea",slug:"role-of-novel-drug-delivery-vehicles-in-nanobiomedicine",bookSignature:"Rajeev K. Tyagi, Neeraj Garg, Rahul Shukla and Prakash Singh Bisen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7663.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"269120",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajeev",surname:"Tyagi",slug:"rajeev-tyagi",fullName:"Rajeev Tyagi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"13779",title:"Remote Monitoring in Patients with Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: New Perspectives for Complex Therapeutic Management",doi:"10.5772/13329",slug:"remote-monitoring-in-patients-with-pacemakers-and-implantable-cardioverter-defibrillators-new-perspe",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/13779.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/13779",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/13779",totalDownloads:6549,totalViews:127,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:22,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:16,impactScorePercentile:99,impactScoreQuartile:4,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"April 27th 2010",dateReviewed:null,datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"February 14th 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/13779",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/13779",book:{id:"23",slug:"modern-pacemakers-present-and-future"},signatures:"Axel Müller, Thomas M. Helms, Hans-Jürgen Wildau, Jörg Otto Schwab and Christian Zugck",authors:[{id:"14408",title:"Prof.",name:"Axel",middleName:null,surname:"Müller",fullName:"Axel Müller",slug:"axel-muller",email:"axel.mueller@skc.de",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"15385",title:"Prof.",name:"Thomas M.",middleName:null,surname:"Helms",fullName:"Thomas M. Helms",slug:"thomas-m.-helms",email:"Thomas Helms@t-online.de",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"15386",title:"Prof.",name:"Hans-Jürgen",middleName:null,surname:"Wildau",fullName:"Hans-Jürgen Wildau",slug:"hans-jurgen-wildau",email:"hns-juergen.wildau@biotronik.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"15387",title:"Prof.",name:"Jörg Otto",middleName:null,surname:"Schwab",fullName:"Jörg Otto Schwab",slug:"jorg-otto-schwab",email:"joerg.schwab@ukb.uni-bonn.de",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"15388",title:"Prof.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Zugck",fullName:"Christian Zugck",slug:"christian-zugck",email:"Christian.Zugck@med.uni-heidelberg.de",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"23",type:"book",title:"Modern Pacemakers",subtitle:"Present and Future",fullTitle:"Modern Pacemakers - Present and Future",slug:"modern-pacemakers-present-and-future",publishedDate:"February 14th 2011",bookSignature:"Mithilesh Kumar Das",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/23.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-214-2",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6423-4",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:60,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"61931",title:"Prof.",name:"Mithilesh",middleName:"Kuma",surname:"M Das",slug:"mithilesh-m-das",fullName:"Mithilesh M Das"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"983"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"13771",type:"chapter",title:"Information Technology Aspects of Integrated Cardiac Rhythm Disease Management",slug:"information-technology-aspects-of-integrated-cardiac-rhythm-disease-management",totalDownloads:3444,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Dieter Hayn, Hannes Kumpusch, Rene Labenbacher, Robert Modre-Osprian and Günter Schreier",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13673",title:"Dr.",name:"Gunter",middleName:null,surname:"Schreier",fullName:"Gunter Schreier",slug:"gunter-schreier"},{id:"15827",title:"Dr.",name:"Dieter",middleName:null,surname:"Hayn",fullName:"Dieter Hayn",slug:"dieter-hayn"},{id:"15828",title:"Dr.",name:"Hannes",middleName:null,surname:"Kumpusch",fullName:"Hannes Kumpusch",slug:"hannes-kumpusch"},{id:"15829",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Modre-Osprian",fullName:"Robert Modre-Osprian",slug:"robert-modre-osprian"},{id:"15830",title:"Dr.",name:"Rene",middleName:null,surname:"Labenbacher",fullName:"Rene Labenbacher",slug:"rene-labenbacher"}]},{id:"13772",type:"chapter",title:"Different Automatic Mode Switching in DDDR Pacemakers",slug:"different-automatic-mode-switching-in-dddr-pacemakers",totalDownloads:15474,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Maurizio Santomauro, Carlo Duilio, Carla Riganti, Paolo Di Mauro, Gennaro Iapicca, Luca Auricchio, Alessio Borrelli and Pasquale Perrone Filardi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"15782",title:"Prof.",name:"Maurizio",middleName:null,surname:"Santomauro",fullName:"Maurizio Santomauro",slug:"maurizio-santomauro"}]},{id:"13773",type:"chapter",title:"Advanced Techniques for CRT Implantation",slug:"advanced-techniques-for-crt-implantation",totalDownloads:6120,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Béla Merkely, Levente Molnár, Szabolcs Szilágyi and László Gellér",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19149",title:"Dr.",name:"Levente",middleName:null,surname:"Molnár",fullName:"Levente Molnár",slug:"levente-molnar"},{id:"19167",title:"Prof.",name:"Béla",middleName:null,surname:"Merkely",fullName:"Béla Merkely",slug:"bela-merkely"},{id:"19168",title:"Dr.",name:"László",middleName:null,surname:"Gellér",fullName:"László Gellér",slug:"laszlo-geller"},{id:"19169",title:"Dr.",name:"Szabolcs",middleName:null,surname:"Szilágyi",fullName:"Szabolcs Szilágyi",slug:"szabolcs-szilagyi"}]},{id:"13774",type:"chapter",title:"The Alternative Atrial Pacing Sites",slug:"the-alternative-atrial-pacing-sites",totalDownloads:2735,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jacek Gajek, Przemysław Skoczyński and Agnieszka Sławuta",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"15677",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacek",middleName:null,surname:"Gajek",fullName:"Jacek Gajek",slug:"jacek-gajek"}]},{id:"13775",type:"chapter",title:"Left Ventricular Endocardial Pacing Techniques as an Alternative for Ineffective Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and the Role of Acute Hemodynamic Evaluation",slug:"left-ventricular-endocardial-pacing-techniques-as-an-alternative-for-ineffective-cardiac-resynchroni",totalDownloads:4167,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Berry M. van Gelder, Patrick Houthuizen, Mike G. Scheffer, Lukas Dekker and Frank A. Bracke",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13930",title:"Dr.",name:"Berry",middleName:null,surname:"van Gelder",fullName:"Berry van Gelder",slug:"berry-van-gelder"},{id:"15736",title:"Dr.",name:"Patrick",middleName:null,surname:"Houthuizen",fullName:"Patrick Houthuizen",slug:"patrick-houthuizen"},{id:"15738",title:"Dr.",name:"Frank A.",middleName:null,surname:"Bracke",fullName:"Frank A. Bracke",slug:"frank-a.-bracke"},{id:"15739",title:"Dr.",name:"Lukas",middleName:null,surname:"Dekker",fullName:"Lukas Dekker",slug:"lukas-dekker"},{id:"15740",title:"Dr.",name:"Mike",middleName:null,surname:"Scheffer",fullName:"Mike Scheffer",slug:"mike-scheffer"}]},{id:"13776",type:"chapter",title:"Pacing Therapy in Infants and Children with Congenital and Acquired Complete Atrioventricular Block: Optimal Pacing Strategies, Management, and Follow-up",slug:"pacing-therapy-in-infants-and-children-with-congenital-and-acquired-complete-atrioventricular-block-",totalDownloads:5417,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Floris E.A. Udink ten Cate and Narayanswami Sreeram",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[null]},{id:"13777",type:"chapter",title:"Advantages of Right-Sided Implantation of Permanent Cardiac Pacemakers Performed by a Surgeon",slug:"advantages-of-right-sided-implantation-of-permanent-cardiac-pacemakers-performed-by-a-surgeon",totalDownloads:10754,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Davor Horvat",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"15641",title:"Dr.",name:"Davor",middleName:null,surname:"Horvat",fullName:"Davor Horvat",slug:"davor-horvat"}]},{id:"13778",type:"chapter",title:"Telemonitoring of the Pacemakers",slug:"telemonitoring-of-the-pacemakers",totalDownloads:12022,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Umashankar Lakshmanadoss, Abrar Shah and James P Daubert",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13913",title:"Dr.",name:"Umashankar",middleName:null,surname:"Lakshmanadoss",fullName:"Umashankar Lakshmanadoss",slug:"umashankar-lakshmanadoss"},{id:"14368",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Daubert",fullName:"James Daubert",slug:"james-daubert"},{id:"27779",title:"Dr.",name:"Abrar",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",fullName:"Abrar Shah",slug:"abrar-shah"}]},{id:"13779",type:"chapter",title:"Remote Monitoring in Patients with Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: New Perspectives for Complex Therapeutic Management",slug:"remote-monitoring-in-patients-with-pacemakers-and-implantable-cardioverter-defibrillators-new-perspe",totalDownloads:6549,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Axel Müller, Thomas M. Helms, Hans-Jürgen Wildau, Jörg Otto Schwab and Christian Zugck",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"14408",title:"Prof.",name:"Axel",middleName:null,surname:"Müller",fullName:"Axel Müller",slug:"axel-muller"},{id:"15385",title:"Prof.",name:"Thomas M.",middleName:null,surname:"Helms",fullName:"Thomas M. Helms",slug:"thomas-m.-helms"},{id:"15386",title:"Prof.",name:"Hans-Jürgen",middleName:null,surname:"Wildau",fullName:"Hans-Jürgen Wildau",slug:"hans-jurgen-wildau"},{id:"15387",title:"Prof.",name:"Jörg Otto",middleName:null,surname:"Schwab",fullName:"Jörg Otto Schwab",slug:"jorg-otto-schwab"},{id:"15388",title:"Prof.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Zugck",fullName:"Christian Zugck",slug:"christian-zugck"}]},{id:"13780",type:"chapter",title:"Remote Monitoring of Implantable Pacemaker, Cardioverter Defibrillator, and Cardiac Resynchronizer",slug:"remote-monitoring-of-implantable-pacemaker-cardioverter-defibrillator-and-cardiac-resynchronizer",totalDownloads:6925,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Milton E. Guevara-Valdivia and Pedro Iturralde Torres",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13655",title:"Prof.",name:"Milton E.",middleName:null,surname:"Guevara-Valdivia",fullName:"Milton E. Guevara-Valdivia",slug:"milton-e.-guevara-valdivia"},{id:"23795",title:"Dr.",name:"Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Iturralde Torres",fullName:"Pedro Iturralde Torres",slug:"pedro-iturralde-torres"}]},{id:"13781",type:"chapter",title:"Interaction between the RF Field of MRI Apparatus and Pacemakers",slug:"interaction-between-the-rf-field-of-mri-apparatus-and-pacemakers",totalDownloads:3476,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Stefano Pisa, Paolo Bernardi and Emanuele Piuzzi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"15728",title:"Dr.",name:"Stefano",middleName:null,surname:"Pisa",fullName:"Stefano Pisa",slug:"stefano-pisa"},{id:"16127",title:"Dr.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Bernardi",fullName:"Paolo Bernardi",slug:"paolo-bernardi"},{id:"16129",title:"Dr.",name:"Emanuele",middleName:null,surname:"Piuzzi",fullName:"Emanuele Piuzzi",slug:"emanuele-piuzzi"}]},{id:"13782",type:"chapter",title:"Adverse Interactions between ICD and Permanent Pacemaker Systems",slug:"adverse-interactions-between-icd-and-permanent-pacemaker-systems",totalDownloads:3448,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dirk Bastian and Klaus Fessele",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"14302",title:"Dr.",name:"Dirk",middleName:null,surname:"Bastian",fullName:"Dirk Bastian",slug:"dirk-bastian"},{id:"14402",title:"Dr.",name:"Klaus",middleName:null,surname:"Fessele",fullName:"Klaus Fessele",slug:"klaus-fessele"},{id:"14403",title:"Dr.",name:"Konrad",middleName:null,surname:"Göhl",fullName:"Konrad Göhl",slug:"konrad-gohl"}]},{id:"13783",type:"chapter",title:"Electromagnetic Interference of the Pacemakers",slug:"electromagnetic-interference-of-the-pacemakers",totalDownloads:61064,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Umashankar Lakshmanadoss, Priya Chinnachamy and James P Daubert",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13913",title:"Dr.",name:"Umashankar",middleName:null,surname:"Lakshmanadoss",fullName:"Umashankar Lakshmanadoss",slug:"umashankar-lakshmanadoss"},{id:"14368",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Daubert",fullName:"James Daubert",slug:"james-daubert"},{id:"27778",title:"Prof.",name:"saadia",middleName:null,surname:"Sherazi",fullName:"saadia Sherazi",slug:"saadia-sherazi"},{id:"59543",title:"Dr.",name:"Priya",middleName:null,surname:"Chinnachamy",fullName:"Priya Chinnachamy",slug:"priya-chinnachamy"}]},{id:"13784",type:"chapter",title:"Magnetic Resonance Imaging with MR Conditional Cardiac Pacemakers",slug:"magnetic-resonance-imaging-with-mr-conditional-cardiac-pacemakers",totalDownloads:7361,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Josef Vymazal, Aaron Rulseh, Miloš Táborský and Radovan Žáček",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13768",title:"Dr.",name:"Josef",middleName:null,surname:"Vymazal",fullName:"Josef Vymazal",slug:"josef-vymazal"},{id:"15755",title:"Prof.",name:"Miloš",middleName:null,surname:"Táborský",fullName:"Miloš Táborský",slug:"milos-taborsky"},{id:"15756",title:"Dr.",name:"Radovan",middleName:null,surname:"Žáček",fullName:"Radovan Žáček",slug:"radovan-zacek"},{id:"23827",title:"Dr.",name:"Aaron",middleName:null,surname:"Rulseh",fullName:"Aaron Rulseh",slug:"aaron-rulseh"}]},{id:"13785",type:"chapter",title:"Complications of Pacemaker Implantation",slug:"complications-of-pacemaker-implantation",totalDownloads:18124,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Michele Schiariti, Mariateresa Cacciola and Paolo Emilio Puddu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"14745",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo Emilio",middleName:null,surname:"Puddu",fullName:"Paolo Emilio Puddu",slug:"paolo-emilio-puddu"},{id:"14746",title:"Prof.",name:"Michele",middleName:null,surname:"Schiariti",fullName:"Michele Schiariti",slug:"michele-schiariti"},{id:"14823",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariateresa",middleName:null,surname:"Cacciola",fullName:"Mariateresa Cacciola",slug:"mariateresa-cacciola"}]},{id:"13786",type:"chapter",title:"Common Pacemaker Problems: Lead and Pocket Complications",slug:"common-pacemaker-problems-lead-and-pocket-complications",totalDownloads:105894,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Enes Elvin Gul and Mehmet Kayrak",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13568",title:"Dr.",name:"Enes Elvin",middleName:null,surname:"Gul",fullName:"Enes Elvin Gul",slug:"enes-elvin-gul"},{id:"15681",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:null,surname:"Kayrak",fullName:"Mehmet Kayrak",slug:"mehmet-kayrak"}]},{id:"13787",type:"chapter",title:"Conduction Disturbances after the Superior Septal Approach for Mitral Valve Repair",slug:"conduction-disturbances-after-the-superior-septal-approach-for-mitral-valve-repair",totalDownloads:2658,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Yoshio Misawa, Shin-ichi Ohki, Yuichiro Kaminishi, Yasuhito Sakano, Kei Aizawa, Tsutomu Saito, Hiroaki Konishi and Arata Muraoka",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"15468",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoshio",middleName:null,surname:"Misawa",fullName:"Yoshio Misawa",slug:"yoshio-misawa"}]},{id:"13788",type:"chapter",title:"Complication of Pacemaker Implantation: An Atrial Lead Perforation",slug:"complication-of-pacemaker-implantation-an-atrial-lead-perforation",totalDownloads:7107,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Kenji Sadamatsu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"16115",title:"Dr.",name:"Kenji",middleName:null,surname:"Sadamatsu",fullName:"Kenji Sadamatsu",slug:"kenji-sadamatsu"}]},{id:"13789",type:"chapter",title:"Cardiac Perforation Associated with a Pacemaker or ICD Lead",slug:"cardiac-perforation-associated-with-a-pacemaker-or-icd-lead",totalDownloads:13716,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Seil Oh",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"14690",title:"Dr.",name:"Seil",middleName:null,surname:"Oh",fullName:"Seil Oh",slug:"seil-oh"}]},{id:"13790",type:"chapter",title:"Long-Term Consequences of Endocardial Leads Present in Cardiovascular System",slug:"long-term-consequences-of-endocardial-leads-present-in-cardiovascular-system",totalDownloads:2980,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Barbara Małecka",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"15560",title:"Dr.",name:"Barbara",middleName:null,surname:"Małecka",fullName:"Barbara Małecka",slug:"barbara-malecka"}]},{id:"13791",type:"chapter",title:"Pacing System Malfunction: Evaluation and Troubleshooting",slug:"pacing-system-malfunction-evaluation-and-troubleshooting",totalDownloads:17274,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Majid Haghjoo",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"14665",title:"Dr.",name:"Majid",middleName:null,surname:"Haghjoo",fullName:"Majid Haghjoo",slug:"majid-haghjoo"}]},{id:"13792",type:"chapter",title:"Infections of Permanent Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators",slug:"infections-of-permanent-pacemakers-and-implantable-cardioverter-defibrillators",totalDownloads:6712,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Metallidis Symeon and Pilalas Dimitris",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13667",title:"Dr.",name:"Symeon",middleName:null,surname:"Metallidis",fullName:"Symeon Metallidis",slug:"symeon-metallidis"}]},{id:"13793",type:"chapter",title:"Pacemaker and Network Mechanisms of Neural Rhythm Generation",slug:"pacemaker-and-network-mechanisms-of-neural-rhythm-generation",totalDownloads:2690,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Thomas Nowotny and Mikhail I. Rabinovich",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"14209",title:"Dr.",name:"Mikhail I.",middleName:null,surname:"Rabinovich",fullName:"Mikhail I. Rabinovich",slug:"mikhail-i.-rabinovich"},{id:"14314",title:"Prof.",name:"Thomas",middleName:null,surname:"Nowotny",fullName:"Thomas Nowotny",slug:"thomas-nowotny"}]},{id:"13794",type:"chapter",title:"Network of Gut Pacemaker Cells: Spatio-Temporal Evaluation of Electrical Activity by Use of Microelectrode Array",slug:"network-of-gut-pacemaker-cells-spatio-temporal-evaluation-of-electrical-activity-by-use-of-microelec",totalDownloads:2749,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Shinsuke Nakayama, Mizuki Taniguchi and Hong-Nian Liu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"16086",title:"Dr.",name:"Shinsuke",middleName:null,surname:"Nakayama",fullName:"Shinsuke Nakayama",slug:"shinsuke-nakayama"},{id:"16090",title:"Prof.",name:"Mizuki",middleName:null,surname:"Taniguchi",fullName:"Mizuki Taniguchi",slug:"mizuki-taniguchi"},{id:"16091",title:"Dr.",name:"Hong-Nian",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Hong-Nian Liu",slug:"hong-nian-liu"}]},{id:"13795",type:"chapter",title:"Possible Role or Respiratory Pacemaker Neurons in the Generation of Different Breathing Patterns",slug:"possible-role-or-respiratory-pacemaker-neurons-in-the-generation-of-different-breathing-patterns",totalDownloads:2859,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Peña-Ortega F",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"16094",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Peña-Ortega",fullName:"Fernando Peña-Ortega",slug:"fernando-pena-ortega"}]},{id:"13796",type:"chapter",title:"Diaphragmatic Pacemaker",slug:"diaphragmatic-pacemaker",totalDownloads:7168,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Salim Surani",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"15654",title:"Dr.",name:"Salim",middleName:null,surname:"Surani",fullName:"Salim Surani",slug:"salim-surani"}]},{id:"13797",type:"chapter",title:"Optical Techniques for Future Pacemaker Technology",slug:"optical-techniques-for-future-pacemaker-technology",totalDownloads:3400,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Yasuaki Kumamoto, Nicholas Isaac Smith, Katsumasa Fujita, Jun Ando and Satoshi Kawata",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"15778",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicholas Isaac",middleName:null,surname:"Smith",fullName:"Nicholas Isaac Smith",slug:"nicholas-isaac-smith"}]},{id:"13798",type:"chapter",title:"Creation of a Biopacemaker: Lessons from the Sinoatrial Node",slug:"creation-of-a-biopacemaker-lessons-from-the-sinoatrial-node",totalDownloads:4324,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"A. Dénise den Haan, Arie O. Verkerk and Hanno L. Tan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"15634",title:"PhD.",name:"A. Dénise",middleName:null,surname:"Den Haan",fullName:"A. Dénise Den Haan",slug:"a.-denise-den-haan"},{id:"15637",title:"Dr.",name:"Arie O.",middleName:null,surname:"Verkerk",fullName:"Arie O. Verkerk",slug:"arie-o.-verkerk"}]},{id:"13799",type:"chapter",title:"Advances in Research on Pacemaking Function of Interstitial Cell of Cajal in Gastrointestinal Tract",slug:"advances-in-research-on-pacemaking-function-of-interstitial-cell-of-cajal-in-gastrointestinal-tract",totalDownloads:2412,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Wen-Xie Xu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"14613",title:"Dr.",name:"Wen-Xie",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",fullName:"Wen-Xie Xu",slug:"wen-xie-xu"}]},{id:"13800",type:"chapter",title:"Biological Pacemaker – Main Ideas and Optimization",slug:"biological-pacemaker-main-ideas-and-optimization",totalDownloads:3323,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Han-Gang Yu and Yen-Chang Lin",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"14483",title:"Dr.",name:"Han-Gang",middleName:null,surname:"Yu",fullName:"Han-Gang Yu",slug:"han-gang-yu"}]},{id:"13801",type:"chapter",title:"The Functional Role of Chloride Channels in Cardiac Pacemaker Activity",slug:"the-functional-role-of-chloride-channels-in-cardiac-pacemaker-activity",totalDownloads:5100,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Zheng Maggie Huang and Dayue Darrel Duan",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"14222",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayue Darrel",middleName:null,surname:"Duan",fullName:"Dayue Darrel Duan",slug:"dayue-darrel-duan"},{id:"14223",title:"Dr.",name:"Zheng Maggie",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Zheng Maggie Huang",slug:"zheng-maggie-huang"}]},{id:"13802",type:"chapter",title:"The Funny Current in Cardiac Non-Pacemaker Cells: Functional Role and Pharmacological Modulation",slug:"the-funny-current-in-cardiac-non-pacemaker-cells-functional-role-and-pharmacological-modulation",totalDownloads:4835,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Laura Sartiani, Elisabetta Cerbai and Alessandro Mugelli",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"13800",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Sartiani",fullName:"Laura Sartiani",slug:"laura-sartiani"},{id:"13801",title:"Prof.",name:"Alessandro",middleName:null,surname:"Mugelli",fullName:"Alessandro Mugelli",slug:"alessandro-mugelli"},{id:"15772",title:"Prof.",name:"Elisabetta",middleName:null,surname:"Cerbai",fullName:"Elisabetta Cerbai",slug:"elisabetta-cerbai"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"358",title:"Advances in Electrocardiograms",subtitle:"Methods and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a61fed85204779463e6e483483601fdf",slug:"advances-in-electrocardiograms-methods-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Richard M. Millis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/358.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"45295",title:"PhD.",name:"Richard",surname:"Millis",slug:"richard-millis",fullName:"Richard Millis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"27004",title:"Cardiac Anatomy",slug:"cardiac-anatomy",signatures:"Augusta Pelosi and Jack Rubinstein",authors:[{id:"44548",title:"Prof.",name:"Augusta",middleName:null,surname:"Pelosi",fullName:"Augusta Pelosi",slug:"augusta-pelosi"},{id:"112904",title:"Dr.",name:"Jack",middleName:null,surname:"Rubinstein",fullName:"Jack Rubinstein",slug:"jack-rubinstein"}]},{id:"27005",title:"Low-Frequency Response and the Skin-Electrode Interface in Dry-Electrode Electrocardiography",slug:"low-frequency-response-and-the-skin-electrode-interface-in-dry-electrode-electrocardiography",signatures:"Cédric Assambo and Martin J. Burke",authors:[{id:"49158",title:"MSc",name:"Cedric",middleName:null,surname:"Assambo",fullName:"Cedric Assambo",slug:"cedric-assambo"},{id:"58541",title:"Dr.",name:"Martin J.",middleName:null,surname:"Burke",fullName:"Martin J. Burke",slug:"martin-j.-burke"}]},{id:"27006",title:"Implantation Techniques of Leads for Left Ventricular Pacing in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Electrocardiographic Consequences of the Stimulation Site",slug:"implantation-techniques-of-leads-for-left-ventricular-pacing-in-cardiac-resynchronization-therapy-an",signatures:"Michael Scheffer and Berry M. van Gelder",authors:[{id:"59887",title:"Dr.",name:"Mike",middleName:null,surname:"Scheffer",fullName:"Mike Scheffer",slug:"mike-scheffer"},{id:"60075",title:"Dr.",name:"Berry M.",middleName:null,surname:"Van Gelder",fullName:"Berry M. Van Gelder",slug:"berry-m.-van-gelder"}]},{id:"27007",title:"Non Contact Heart Monitoring",slug:"non-contact-heart-monitoring",signatures:"Lorenzo Scalise",authors:[{id:"49866",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Lorenzo",middleName:null,surname:"Scalise",fullName:"Lorenzo Scalise",slug:"lorenzo-scalise"}]},{id:"27008",title:"Automated Selection of Optimal ECG Lead Using Heart Instantaneous Frequency During Sleep",slug:"automated-selection-of-optimal-ecg-lead-using-heart-instantaneous-frequency-during-sleep",signatures:"Yeon-Sik Noh, Ja-Woong Yoon and Hyung-Ro Yoon",authors:[{id:"54557",title:"Prof.",name:"Hyungro",middleName:null,surname:"Yoon",fullName:"Hyungro Yoon",slug:"hyungro-yoon"},{id:"59494",title:"Mr",name:"Yeonsik",middleName:null,surname:"Noh",fullName:"Yeonsik Noh",slug:"yeonsik-noh"},{id:"94938",title:"Mr.",name:"Jawoong",middleName:null,surname:"Yoon",fullName:"Jawoong Yoon",slug:"jawoong-yoon"}]},{id:"27009",title:"A Novel Technique for ECG Morphology Interpretation and Arrhythmia Detection Based on Time Series Signal Extracted from Scanned ECG Record",slug:"a-novel-technique-for-ecg-morphology-interpretation-and-arrhythmia-detection-based-on-time-series-si",signatures:"Srinivasan Jayaraman, Prashanth Swamy, Vani Damodaran and N. Venkatesh",authors:[{id:"44796",title:"Mr",name:"Prashanth",middleName:null,surname:"Swamy",fullName:"Prashanth Swamy",slug:"prashanth-swamy"},{id:"59563",title:"Dr.",name:"Srinivasan",middleName:null,surname:"Jayaraman",fullName:"Srinivasan Jayaraman",slug:"srinivasan-jayaraman"},{id:"102939",title:"Ms.",name:"Vani",middleName:null,surname:"Damodaran",fullName:"Vani Damodaran",slug:"vani-damodaran"},{id:"111095",title:"Mr.",name:"Venkatesh",middleName:null,surname:"N",fullName:"Venkatesh N",slug:"venkatesh-n"}]},{id:"27010",title:"QT Interval and QT Variability",slug:"qt-interval-and-qt-variability",signatures:"Bojan Vrtovec and Gregor Poglajen",authors:[{id:"45238",title:"Prof.",name:"Bojan",middleName:null,surname:"Vrtovec",fullName:"Bojan Vrtovec",slug:"bojan-vrtovec"},{id:"58265",title:"Dr.",name:"Gregor",middleName:null,surname:"Poglajen",fullName:"Gregor Poglajen",slug:"gregor-poglajen"}]},{id:"27011",title:"The Electrocardiogram – Waves and Intervals",slug:"the-electrocardiogram-waves-and-intervals",signatures:"James E. Skinner, Daniel N. Weiss and Edward F. Lundy",authors:[{id:"51614",title:"Dr.",name:"James E.",middleName:null,surname:"Skinner",fullName:"James E. Skinner",slug:"james-e.-skinner"}]},{id:"27012",title:"Quantification of Ventricular Repolarization Dispersion Using Digital Processing of the Surface ECG",slug:"quantification-of-cardiac-ventricular-repolarization-dispersion-using-computarized-ecg-",signatures:"Ana Cecilia Vinzio Maggio, María Paula Bonomini, Eric Laciar Leber and Pedro David Arini",authors:[{id:"35003",title:"Prof.",name:"Eric",middleName:null,surname:"Laciar",fullName:"Eric Laciar",slug:"eric-laciar"},{id:"52549",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Paula",middleName:null,surname:"Bonomini",fullName:"Maria Paula Bonomini",slug:"maria-paula-bonomini"},{id:"54658",title:"Prof.",name:"Pedro David",middleName:null,surname:"Arini",fullName:"Pedro David Arini",slug:"pedro-david-arini"},{id:"54666",title:"Mrs",name:"Ana Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Vinzio Maggio",fullName:"Ana Cecilia Vinzio Maggio",slug:"ana-cecilia-vinzio-maggio"}]},{id:"27013",title:"Medicines and QT Prolongation",slug:"medicines-and-qt-prolongation",signatures:"Ryuji Kato, Yoshio Ijiri and Kazuhiko Tanaka",authors:[{id:"54691",title:"Prof.",name:"Kazuhiko",middleName:null,surname:"Tanaka",fullName:"Kazuhiko Tanaka",slug:"kazuhiko-tanaka"},{id:"62337",title:"Dr.",name:"Ryuji",middleName:null,surname:"Kato",fullName:"Ryuji Kato",slug:"ryuji-kato"},{id:"62548",title:"Dr.",name:"Yoshio",middleName:null,surname:"Ijiri",fullName:"Yoshio Ijiri",slug:"yoshio-ijiri"}]},{id:"27014",title:"Concealed Conduction",slug:"concealed-conduction",signatures:"Hasan Ari and Kübra Doğanay",authors:[{id:"53424",title:"Dr.",name:"Hasan",middleName:null,surname:"Arı",fullName:"Hasan Arı",slug:"hasan-ari"},{id:"59709",title:"Dr.",name:"Kübra",middleName:null,surname:"Doğanay",fullName:"Kübra Doğanay",slug:"kubra-doganay"}]},{id:"27015",title:"Recognition of Cardiac Arrhythmia by Means of Beat Clustering on ECG-Holter Recordings",slug:"recognition-of-cardiac-arrhythmia-by-means-of-beat-clustering-on-ecg-holter-recordings",signatures:"J.L. Rodríguez-Sotelo, G. Castellanos-Domínguez, and C.D. Acosta-Medina",authors:[{id:"57691",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose",middleName:"Luis",surname:"Rodriguez-Sotelo",fullName:"Jose Rodriguez-Sotelo",slug:"jose-rodriguez-sotelo"},{id:"59773",title:"Dr.",name:"German",middleName:null,surname:"Castellanos",fullName:"German Castellanos",slug:"german-castellanos"}]},{id:"27016",title:"Electrocardiographic Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Aging Heart",slug:"electrocardiographic-analysis-of-heart-rate-variability-in-aging-heart",signatures:"Elpidio Santillo, Monica Migale, Luca Fallavollita, Luciano Marini and Fabrizio Balestrini",authors:[{id:"48091",title:"Dr.",name:"Elpidio",middleName:null,surname:"Santillo",fullName:"Elpidio Santillo",slug:"elpidio-santillo"},{id:"57553",title:"Dr.",name:"Monica",middleName:null,surname:"Migale",fullName:"Monica Migale",slug:"monica-migale"},{id:"95196",title:"Dr.",name:"Luca",middleName:null,surname:"Fallavollita",fullName:"Luca Fallavollita",slug:"luca-fallavollita"},{id:"95199",title:"Dr.",name:"Luciano",middleName:null,surname:"Marini",fullName:"Luciano Marini",slug:"luciano-marini"},{id:"95203",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabrizio",middleName:null,surname:"Balestrini",fullName:"Fabrizio Balestrini",slug:"fabrizio-balestrini"}]},{id:"27017",title:"Changes of Sympathovagal Balance Measured by Heart Rate Variability in Gastroparetic Patients Treated with Gastric Electrical Stimulation",slug:"changes-of-sympathovagal-balance-measured-by-heart-rate-variability-in-gastroparetic-patients-treate",signatures:"Zhiyue Lin and Richard W. McCallum",authors:[{id:"50367",title:"Dr.",name:"Richard",middleName:null,surname:"McCallum",fullName:"Richard McCallum",slug:"richard-mccallum"},{id:"59813",title:"Mr.",name:"Zhiyue",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",fullName:"Zhiyue Lin",slug:"zhiyue-lin"}]},{id:"27018",title:"Associations of Metabolic Variables with Electrocardiographic Measures of Sympathovagal Balance in Healthy Young Adults",slug:"associations-of-metabolic-variables-with-electrocardiographic-measures-of-sympatho-vagal-balance-in-",signatures:"Richard M. Millis, Mark D. Hatcher, Rachel E. Austin, Vernon Bond and Kim L. Goring",authors:[{id:"45295",title:"PhD.",name:"Richard",middleName:"M",surname:"Millis",fullName:"Richard Millis",slug:"richard-millis"},{id:"61415",title:"Dr.",name:"Vernon",middleName:null,surname:"Bond",fullName:"Vernon Bond",slug:"vernon-bond"},{id:"95252",title:"MSc.",name:"Mark",middleName:null,surname:"Hatcher",fullName:"Mark Hatcher",slug:"mark-hatcher"},{id:"95255",title:"Dr.",name:"Kim",middleName:null,surname:"Goring",fullName:"Kim Goring",slug:"kim-goring"},{id:"105497",title:"MSc.",name:"Rachel",middleName:null,surname:"Austin",fullName:"Rachel Austin",slug:"rachel-austin"}]},{id:"27019",title:"An Analogue Front-End System with a Low-Power On-Chip Filter and ADC for Portable ECG Detection Devices",slug:"an-analogue-front-end-system-with-a-low-power-on-chip-filter-and-adc-for-portable-ecg-detection-devi",signatures:"Shuenn-Yuh Lee, Jia-Hua Hong, Jin-Ching Lee and Qiang Fang",authors:[{id:"58865",title:"Prof.",name:"Shuenn-Yuh",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Shuenn-Yuh Lee",slug:"shuenn-yuh-lee"},{id:"58867",title:"Dr.",name:"Jin-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Jin-Ching Lee",slug:"jin-ching-lee"},{id:"58868",title:"Dr.",name:"Qiang",middleName:null,surname:"Fang",fullName:"Qiang Fang",slug:"qiang-fang"},{id:"89752",title:"Dr.",name:"Jia-Hua",middleName:null,surname:"Hong",fullName:"Jia-Hua Hong",slug:"jia-hua-hong"}]},{id:"27020",title:"Electrocardiogram in an MRI Environment: Clinical Needs, Practical Considerations, Safety Implications, Technical Solutions and Future Directions",slug:"electrocardiogram-in-an-mri-environment-clinical-needs-practical-considerations-safety-implications-",signatures:"Thoralf Niendorf, Lukas Winter and Tobias Frauenrath",authors:[{id:"56761",title:"Prof.",name:"Thoralf",middleName:null,surname:"Niendorf",fullName:"Thoralf Niendorf",slug:"thoralf-niendorf"},{id:"59717",title:"MSc",name:"Lukas",middleName:null,surname:"Winter",fullName:"Lukas Winter",slug:"lukas-winter"},{id:"59718",title:"Dr.",name:"Tobias",middleName:null,surname:"Frauenrath",fullName:"Tobias Frauenrath",slug:"tobias-frauenrath"}]},{id:"27021",title:"Customized Heart Check System by Using Integrated Information of Electrocardiogram and Plethysmogram Outside the Driver’s Awareness from an Automobile Steering Wheel",slug:"customized-heart-check-system-by-using-integrated-information-of-electrocardiogram-and-plethysmogram",signatures:"Motohisa Osaka",authors:[{id:"49555",title:"Prof.",name:"Motohisa",middleName:null,surname:"Osaka",fullName:"Motohisa Osaka",slug:"motohisa-osaka"}]},{id:"27022",title:"Independent Component Analysis in ECG Signal Processing",slug:"independent-component-analysis-in-ecg-signal-processing",signatures:"Jarno M.A. Tanskanen and Jari J. Viik",authors:[{id:"48917",title:"Dr.",name:"Jarno",middleName:"M. A.",surname:"Tanskanen",fullName:"Jarno Tanskanen",slug:"jarno-tanskanen"},{id:"48965",title:"Dr.",name:"Jari",middleName:null,surname:"Viik",fullName:"Jari Viik",slug:"jari-viik"}]},{id:"27023",title:"Broadening the Exchange of Electrocardiogram Data from Intra-Hospital to Inter-Hospital",slug:"broadening-the-exchange-of-electrocardiogram-data-from-intra-hospital-to-inter-hospital",signatures:"Shizhong Yuan, Daming Wei and Weimin Xu",authors:[{id:"42911",title:"Prof.",name:"Daming",middleName:null,surname:"Wei",fullName:"Daming Wei",slug:"daming-wei"},{id:"42922",title:"Prof.",name:"Weimin",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",fullName:"Weimin Xu",slug:"weimin-xu"},{id:"50931",title:"Prof.",name:"Shizhong",middleName:null,surname:"Yuan",fullName:"Shizhong Yuan",slug:"shizhong-yuan"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"129",title:"Ventricular Assist Devices",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2b6b9dbd504cdf6ed9c20a742e3f2a9d",slug:"ventricular-assist-devices",bookSignature:"Jeffrey Shuhaiber",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/129.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"22152",title:"Dr.",name:"Jeffrey",surname:"Shuhaiber",slug:"jeffrey-shuhaiber",fullName:"Jeffrey Shuhaiber"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"290",title:"Cardiac Pacemakers",subtitle:"Biological Aspects, Clinical Applications and Possible Complications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d336ffc14d9ab1745072534d4448305f",slug:"cardiac-pacemakers-biological-aspects-clinical-applications-and-possible-complications",bookSignature:"Mart Min",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/290.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62780",title:"Prof.",name:"Mart",surname:"Min",slug:"mart-min",fullName:"Mart Min"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"331",title:"Cardiac Defibrillation",subtitle:"Mechanisms, Challenges and Implications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"90fa2e9b5ad435b6518f47da7ade1efd",slug:"cardiac-defibrillation-mechanisms-challenges-and-implications",bookSignature:"Natalia Trayanova",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/331.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"38381",title:"Dr.",name:"Natalia",surname:"Trayanova",slug:"natalia-trayanova",fullName:"Natalia Trayanova"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"358",title:"Advances in Electrocardiograms",subtitle:"Methods and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a61fed85204779463e6e483483601fdf",slug:"advances-in-electrocardiograms-methods-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Richard M. Millis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/358.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"45295",title:"PhD.",name:"Richard",surname:"Millis",slug:"richard-millis",fullName:"Richard Millis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1291",title:"Advances in Electrocardiograms",subtitle:"Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"956bc1bdc0de1de4908abbee641a17aa",slug:"advances-in-electrocardiograms-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Richard M. Millis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1291.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"45295",title:"PhD.",name:"Richard",surname:"Millis",slug:"richard-millis",fullName:"Richard Millis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"79024",title:"Impact and Management of Diseases of Solanum tuberosum",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98899",slug:"impact-and-management-of-diseases-of-em-solanum-tuberosum-em-",body:'Potato (
Meanwhile, effective management of the disease requires implementing an integrated disease management approach [14]. Guchi [7] proposed investigating several control options and implementing an integrated management strategy based on local needs [7]. Therefore, this chapter aims to discuss the general/overall impact of the diseases of
Diverse host-pathogens are associated with the different diseases of potatoes, among which are bacteria and fungi. Plant pathogens responsible for diseases in potatoes include viruses, fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria [15]. A pathogenic bacterium known as
The typical characteristic of black dot disease is the microsclerotia on infected tissue present in all potato parts. These microsclerotia, which usually survive in the soil for lengthy periods, lead to high disease incidence when soil inoculum levels increase [24]. Sequel to fungal colonisation of roots are colonisations in the stems, stolons, and tubers [25], and fungal contamination of tubers with
Early blight of potatoes, caused by
Pink rot infections caused by
Viruses are among the predominant phytopathogens that cause approximately 50% of all emerging plant diseases [15]. Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most harmful viruses infecting potatoes across the globe since the 1980s [30].
In 2013, more than 368 million tonnes were produced from 19.4 million hectares [31]. Though hundreds of varieties of potato are grown in temperate and sub-tropical areas, its diversification in various agroclimatic conditions leads to a decrease in its production and productivity due to its low genetic base and various biotic factors, which makes it susceptible to many devastating diseases. The crop infection due to fungi, viruses, bacteria, and viroids alters its metabolism. These pathogens affect the crop’s morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics leading to altered distribution of photoassimilates, with resultant effects on its quality ad quantity.
Viral diseases of potatoes are devastating because they are tough to manage and transmitted via the tubers to subsequent generations. Viruses have the potential to alter the physiology of potato plants drastically, causing disorders. These disorders of growth processes cause stunting, leaf deformation, dwarfing, and reduction in the yield of potato tubers and product quality up to 88% [32, 33, 34]. Tens of potato viruses have been discovered and characterised, and the most cataclysmic are: Potato virus M (PVM): Potato virus S (PVS); Potato virus X (PVX); Potato virus Y (PVY); and Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV, virus L). PVX can debilitate 10–40% of potato in a single infections cycle and possess enormous devastating effects when combined with other potato viruses; due to its synergistic interaction with potyviruses, tuber losses yield close to 80% [33]. For example, the yield of potato simultaneously infected with PVM and PVX will decline to 60%, and when it is a complex infection of PVM + PVX + PVY, it will decline by 83.7%, i.e., total loss of yield [35]. In potato tubers infected with viral diseases, the content nutrients become reduced compared to healthy ones. Other biochemical and physiological changes also occur, resulting in a decrease in the quantity and quality of starch grains in the debilitated tissues, the acidity of starch, and amylase content [36]. There are varying losses in potato production from viruses; they are determined by the variety’s resistance, the viral pathocomplexity, the level of spread of a specific virus, and their combinations with other viruses [37].
Bacterial diseases are one significant biotic constraint of potato production in the subtropical and tropical regions. Several bacterial diseases devastate potato, resulting in severe damages, especially on tubers, leading to economic losses. The most acute diseases are bacterial wilt caused by
To date, potato late blight is still one of the most devastating diseases in potato-producing regions worldwide and causes substantial economic losses of about 25–57%. Pathogenic fungus,
Meanwhile, the economic impact of potato late blight in the USA was appraised to be around 210 million US dollars, while a worldwide assessment of potato loss by late blight in the second world countries based on an average production was about 15%. This represents approximately 2.75 billion US dollars loss in developing countries. However, a critical method of estimating the economic impact of potato late blight is by determining the usage of fungicide. With this method, the estimated fungicide currently used in developing countries stands at 750 million US Dollar. Therefore, about 1 billion US Dollar is spent on fungicides yearly to manage fungal disease worldwide [43].
Potato is among the high-income-yielding crops globally and can contribute to poverty reduction in developing regions [44]. However, Potato cultivation is beset with several diseases caused by diverse pathogens in the field and during storage, accounting for 50 to 60% of annual losses [45, 46, 47]. Control strategies that have been deployed to manage diseases in potato include the application of chemical fungicides, biological control agents, and cultural practices involving crop rotation.
Diseases caused by fungi are critical in potato production and require several synthetic fungicide options to reduce them to tolerable economic levels. Fungicides are preparations of different organic and inorganic compounds which can inhibit or destroy phytopathogenic fungi. These chemicals exert their effects by disrupting cell membranes of their targets or instigating catalytic enzymes in plant host tissue to suppress fungal growth and proliferation [48]. Practically, conventional management of potato diseases relies on the timely application of preventive fungicides [48, 49]. To control black rot disease, seed tubers are immersed in the fungicides thiabendazole, captofal, chloramizol sulphate, prochloraz, or a combination of each before field planting. Pencycuron and thiabendazole have also been documented to control black scurf and silver scurf effectively, respectively [26, 27]. Rahman et al. [50] demonstrated the effectiveness of Filthane M-45, Melody Duo, Secure, Metaril, and Ridomil gold to minimise Phytophthora infestans-induced late blight improve the yield of potato. More so, the application of dimethomorph, mancozeb, and fenamidone + mancozeb can significantly reduce the severity of late blight and increase potato yield [51]. The application of the antagonist
Disease management using biological control agents is touted as efficient alternatives to chemical fungicides as they are more eco-friendly and reduce the risk of the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains of plant pathogens [57, 58]. A biological control refers to the application of microbial antagonists or their by-products to inhibit plant diseases. Organisms that antagonise plant pathogens are known as biological control agents (BCAs). Such organisms are highly specific in their action against target pathogens, their products are biodegradable, and their mass production requires low cost [59, 60].
Here, we discuss the biological control strategies – microbial inoculants (beneficial, non-pathogenic single-strains of microorganisms that antagonise plant pathogens), microbial consortium (combination of different genera or species of symbiotically living microorganisms) isolated from the natural environment, and the application of phytoextracts [61, 62, 63].
These are single strains of active beneficial microorganisms that offer protection against diverse pathogens or promote crop productivity and health when applied to crops or incorporated into the soil [63]. Microbial inoculants are an effective and cheap alternative strategy to reduce the severity of plant diseases [64, 65, 66].
This combination of BCAs consists of various microbial strains that synergistically confer enhanced plant growth activities and superior pathogen inhibition capabilities [69, 70, 71]. Compared to single-species microbial inoculants, the microbial consortium is more useful in field applications as it offers a wide range of biocontrol activities that promote inoculant efficiency and, in turn, improve plant growth and disease suppressability [56]. The application of a microbial product comprising a consortium of
Green plants harbour a plethora of secondary metabolites that could serve as eco-friendly, natural alternatives to chemical fungicides [50, 74, 75]. Phytoextracts are botanicals, natural oils, and plant volatiles that show pest/pathogen control activities. They are usually extracted from fresh or dried plant parts using alcohol, water, or other solvents. Phytoextracts can be fungicidal or fungistatic in action and exert their effects by inducing conditions unfavourable for pathogen growth and proliferation [44]. The application of botanicals can significantly reduce the cost of crop protection and the occurrence of pathogen resistance [44]. Several phytoextracts have been widely tested and reported as effective suppressors of plant pathogens [50, 75]. Dried cheerota plant (
A well-known cultural method to manage the diseases of potato is crop rotation. This refers to cultivating economic plants in recurrent succession and a sequential fashion on the same piece of land [80]. Rotation using different cover crops and suitable fallow periods can contribute to the attenuation of multiple soil-borne pathogens and diseases and enhance the diversity of beneficial soil microflora [81]. Evidence is mounting to show the use of
Management strategies for potato diseases.
Potato is affected by a wide range of fungal, viral, bacterial, and nematodal diseases [86]. These result in colossal yield loss annually. Therefore, it is imperative to exploit strategies for raising disease-free potato to reduce losses caused by pathogens, thus ensuring food security.
Some of the strategies for raising disease-free potato are:
The breeding of potato is a huge task due to inherent genetic and biological factors. Breeding for increased resistance to
Resistance in plants can be induced by applying exogenous substances, or agents including living and non-living agents. Resistance to both fungal and viral diseases has been reported in potato. Quintanilla and Brishammar [90] reported systemic induced resistance to late blight in potato by treating with salicylic acid and
Genetic engineering has been used to raise-disease free transgenic potato plants. However, this technique requires specialised skill, sophisticated equipment, and technical know-how. However, the problem of acceptance and ethical issues may also arise.
Extreme resistance to late blight disease by transferring 3
RNA interference (RNAi) is an emerging post-transcriptional technique that has been used to produce crops resistant to diseases. Production of potato lines resistant to
This technique can be used to produce disease-free pre-basic seeds. Disease-free pre-basic seed potato was produced through tissue culture in Nepal [105]. The use of disease-free seeds can help reduce the transmission of pathogens from propagating materials such as tuber to the field. It has been reported that quality seeds alone can increase yield by 15–20% in Bangladesh [106]. Therefore, micropropagation of potato can help reduce disease transmission through propagating materials; however, little has been achieved on the use of somatic embryos [107], and more researches are required for more remarkable breakthroughs in this regard.
Genome editing of potato using new technologies such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated nuclease 9 is currently been exploited. CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a breakthrough in gene editing; however, limited studies have been done on potatoes using this technique [108]. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to engineer virus resistance in plants by targeting host genes directly involved in host-viral interactions [109, 110, 111, 112, 113]. This technique has been used to knock out potato genes/factors like eukaryotic translation initiation factors (
Therefore, holistic and integrated approaches are required for raising disease-free potato in order to overcome the ever-evolving phytopathogens and mitigate losses; including post-harvest losses caused by these pathogens, therefore ensuring food security.
This chapter discusses the host-pathogens association of different diseases in potato and their impact on yield. The findings highlight management strategies of these diseases: chemical control, biological control, microbial inoculants, microbial consortium, phytoextracts, and cultural control. In addition, current methods for raising disease-free potatoes to reduce annual yield loss were reported in detail. Based on the presented findings, annual yield loss (pre-and post-harvest) is still high. Thus, the management strategies alone are promising but combining the different methods and exploiting disease-free potato can translate into an integrated management approach of potato diseases.
We wish to appreciate Covenant University for sponsoring this publication.
The authors declare no conflict of interests.
You have been successfully unsubscribed.
",metaTitle:"Unsubscribe Successful",metaDescription:"You have been successfully unsubscribed.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/unsubscribe-successful",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":""}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:""}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[],filtersByRegion:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"1",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"13"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11632",title:"Updated Research on Bacteriophages",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d34dfa0d5d10511184f97ddaeef9936b",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11632.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11797",title:"Clostridium",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4cb066b44bb8d4a8b93a627de26e3ebf",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11797.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12145",title:"Yeasts",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"262e4f155a168f8953bdbe9eb517127d",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12145.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12160",title:"DNA Viruses",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5a948eb875a3a62c3abf115c4b5ace84",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12160.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12161",title:"Retroviruses",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0cd85c9ce7748f1211685d5add521ebb",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12161.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12162",title:"Helicobacter pylori",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1d5df6d5558615ea58030bb3e50ad9dd",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12162.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12163",title:"Escherichia coli",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"23a6ce1ea4992eca56018c9e85bad165",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12163.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12164",title:"Advances in Probiotics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"cc0a28c4126b8d6fd1a5ebead8a0421f",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12164.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12291",title:"Acidophiles",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"830753134a4180a8e6cf05774aefb9fb",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12291.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12292",title:"New Findings on Human Papillomavirus",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d2e7304c38c5e293e509ae9bd1ce8b33",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12292.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12294",title:"Updates on Adenoviruses",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9346d0ed80380776aab0a8ac9e503414",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12294.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:41},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:12},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:44},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:13},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:106},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:32},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:11},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10222",title:"Demyelination Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6c26ceccacdde70c41c587361bd5558",slug:"demyelination-disorders",bookSignature:"Stavros J. Baloyannis, Fabian H. Rossi and Welwin Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10222.jpg",editors:[{id:"156098",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"Stavros J.",middleName:"J.",surname:"Baloyannis",slug:"stavros-j.-baloyannis",fullName:"Stavros J. Baloyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10979",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6f345ebcf4fd61e73643c69063a12c7b",slug:"parenting-challenges-of-child-rearing-in-a-changing-society",bookSignature:"Sayyed Ali Samadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10979.jpg",editors:[{id:"52145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sayyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Samadi",slug:"sayyed-ali-samadi",fullName:"Sayyed Ali Samadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10764",title:"Antenna Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2fbf1c7a5d92723f08198fc9b526a8ad",slug:"antenna-systems",bookSignature:"Hussain Al-Rizzo and Said Abushamleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10764.jpg",editors:[{id:"153384",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rizzo",slug:"hussain-al-rizzo",fullName:"Hussain Al-Rizzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:"sustainability-of-concrete-with-synthetic-and-recycled-aggregates",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10351",title:"Enhanced Liposuction",subtitle:"New Perspectives and Techniques",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f08ed6de16da357614586c5b58ed4dfa",slug:"enhanced-liposuction-new-perspectives-and-techniques",bookSignature:"Diane Irvine Duncan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10351.jpg",editors:[{id:"279869",title:"Dr.",name:"Diane Irvine",middleName:null,surname:"Duncan",slug:"diane-irvine-duncan",fullName:"Diane Irvine Duncan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10779",title:"21st Century Nanostructured Materials",subtitle:"Physics, Chemistry, Classification, and Emerging Applications in Industry, Biomedicine, and Agriculture",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"72c67f97f9bef68200df115b5fd79884",slug:"21st-century-nanostructured-materials-physics-chemistry-classification-and-emerging-applications-in-industry-biomedicine-and-agriculture",bookSignature:"Phuong V. Pham",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10779.jpg",editors:[{id:"236073",title:"Dr.",name:"Phuong",middleName:"Viet",surname:"Pham",slug:"phuong-pham",fullName:"Phuong Pham"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4389},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3340,editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11001",title:"Density Functional Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"82d53383af78ab41eb982086c02fb2bb",slug:"density-functional-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11001.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1845,editors:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1096,editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:995,editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3791,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11752",title:"Natural Drugs from Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0a83c0822608ef7592bf16a5ed0ada4",slug:"natural-drugs-from-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11752.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2982,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:559,editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:546,editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:539,editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:535,editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10871",title:"Computed-Tomography (CT) Scan",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"966d8cf74fa27eea1b9cbc9a6ee94993",slug:"computed-tomography-ct-scan",bookSignature:"Reda R. Gharieb",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10871.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",slug:"reda-r.-gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10654",title:"Brain-Computer Interface",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a5308884068cc53ed31c6baba756857f",slug:"brain-computer-interface",bookSignature:"Vahid Asadpour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10654.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11196",title:"New Updates in E-Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6afaadf68e2a0a4b370ac5ceb5ca89c6",slug:"new-updates-in-e-learning",bookSignature:"Eduard Babulak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11196.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"10086",title:"Prof.",name:"Eduard",middleName:null,surname:"Babulak",slug:"eduard-babulak",fullName:"Eduard Babulak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"1368",title:"Telecommunication",slug:"information-and-communication-telecommunication",parent:{id:"290",title:"Information and Communication",slug:"information-and-communication"},numberOfBooks:8,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:137,numberOfWosCitations:255,numberOfCrossrefCitations:224,numberOfDimensionsCitations:442,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"1368",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"8723",title:"Telecommunication Systems",subtitle:"Principles and Applications of Wireless-Optical Technologies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8bf1ec49936ab44fcdfc9fea042e73d7",slug:"telecommunication-systems-principles-and-applications-of-wireless-optical-technologies",bookSignature:"Isiaka A. Alimi, Paulo P. Monteiro and António L. Teixeira",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8723.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"208236",title:"Dr.",name:"Isiaka",middleName:"Ajewale",surname:"Alimi",slug:"isiaka-alimi",fullName:"Isiaka Alimi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8383",title:"Multiplexing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"57b7f473289c825517f17b8e18d893fc",slug:"multiplexing",bookSignature:"Somayeh Mohammady",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8383.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109280",title:"Dr.",name:"Somayeh",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammady",slug:"somayeh-mohammady",fullName:"Somayeh Mohammady"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7291",title:"Cognitive Radio in 4G/5G Wireless Communication Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"15cb591deb13165af8e0286da414c1bd",slug:"cognitive-radio-in-4g-5g-wireless-communication-systems",bookSignature:"Shahriar Shirvani Moghaddam",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7291.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"185038",title:"Dr.",name:"Shahriar",middleName:null,surname:"Shirvani Moghaddam",slug:"shahriar-shirvani-moghaddam",fullName:"Shahriar Shirvani Moghaddam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6321",title:"Broadband Communications Networks",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Lessons from Practice",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6e29995cd9dd6193bd198112d9549f32",slug:"broadband-communications-networks-recent-advances-and-lessons-from-practice",bookSignature:"Abdelfatteh Haidine and Abdelhak Aqqal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6321.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"187242",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdelfatteh",middleName:null,surname:"Haidine",slug:"abdelfatteh-haidine",fullName:"Abdelfatteh Haidine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5740",title:"Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"10f605202aae0cd293bfc2b4e5027e5c",slug:"smartphones-from-an-applied-research-perspective",bookSignature:"Nawaz Mohamudally",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5740.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"119486",title:"Dr.",name:"Nawaz",middleName:null,surname:"Mohamudally",slug:"nawaz-mohamudally",fullName:"Nawaz Mohamudally"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3720",title:"New Trends in Technologies",subtitle:"Devices, Computer, Communication and Industrial Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"new-trends-in-technologies--devices--computer--communication-and-industrial-systems",bookSignature:"Meng Joo Er",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3720.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"121366",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhichao",middleName:null,surname:"Lian",slug:"zhichao-lian",fullName:"Zhichao Lian"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3639",title:"New Advanced Technologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"new-advanced-technologies",bookSignature:"Aleksandar Lazinica",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3639.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3617",title:"Recent Advances in Technologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"recent-advances-in-technologies",bookSignature:"Maurizio A Strangio",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3617.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"2466",title:"Dr.",name:"Maurizio Adriano",middleName:null,surname:"Strangio",slug:"maurizio-adriano-strangio",fullName:"Maurizio Adriano Strangio"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:8,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"12285",doi:"10.5772/10432",title:"Capabilities and Performances of the Selective Laser Melting Process",slug:"capabilities-and-performances-of-the-selective-laser-melting-process",totalDownloads:6313,totalCrossrefCites:8,totalDimensionsCites:65,abstract:null,book:{id:"3720",slug:"new-trends-in-technologies--devices--computer--communication-and-industrial-systems",title:"New Trends in Technologies",fullTitle:"New Trends in Technologies: Devices, Computer, Communication and Industrial Systems"},signatures:"Sabina Luisa Campanelli, Nicola Contuzzi, Andrea Angelastro and Antonio Domenico Ludovico",authors:null},{id:"56113",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69734",title:"Smartphone: The Ultimate IoT and IoE Device",slug:"smartphone-the-ultimate-iot-and-ioe-device",totalDownloads:2846,totalCrossrefCites:23,totalDimensionsCites:35,abstract:"Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE) are emerging communication concepts that will interconnect a variety of devices (including smartphones, home appliances, sensors, and other network devices), people, data, and processes and allow them to communicate with each other seamlessly. These new concepts can be applied in many application domains such as healthcare, transportation, and supply chain management (SCM), to name a few, and allow users to get real-time information such as location-based services, disease management, and tracking. The smartphone-enabling technologies such as built-in sensors, Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tracking, and near-field communications (NFC) allow it to be an integral part of IoT and IoE world and the mostly used device in these environments. However, its use imposes severe security and privacy threats, because the smartphone usually contains and communicates sensitive private data. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT and IoE technologies, their application domains, IoT structure and architecture, the use of smartphones in IoT and IoE, and the difference between IoT networks and mobile cellular networks. We also provide a concise overview of future opportunities and challenges in IoT and IoE environments and focus more on the security and privacy threats of using the smartphone in IoT and IoE networks with a suggestion of some countermeasures.",book:{id:"5740",slug:"smartphones-from-an-applied-research-perspective",title:"Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective",fullTitle:"Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective"},signatures:"Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar and Mohammed Boulmalf",authors:[{id:"26677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehdia",middleName:null,surname:"Ajana El Khaddar",slug:"mehdia-ajana-el-khaddar",fullName:"Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar"},{id:"209424",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Boulmalf",slug:"mohammed-boulmalf",fullName:"Mohammed Boulmalf"}]},{id:"62142",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.78615",title:"5G Backhaul: Requirements, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies",slug:"5g-backhaul-requirements-challenges-and-emerging-technologies",totalDownloads:3140,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:22,abstract:"5G is the next generation cellular networks which is expected to quench the ever-ending thirst of data rates and interconnect billions of smart devices to support not only human centric traffic, but also machine centric traffic. Recent research and standardization work have been addressing requirements and challenges from radio perspective (e.g., new spectrum allocation, network densification, massive multiple-input-multiple-output antenna, carrier aggregation, inter-cell interference mitigation techniques, and coordinated multi-point processing). In addition, a new network bottleneck has emerged: the backhaul network which will allow to interconnect and support billions of devices from the core network. Up to 4G cellular networks, the major challenges to meet the backhaul requirements were capacity, availability, deployment cost, and long-distance reach. However, as 5G network capabilities and services added to 4G cellular networks, the backhaul network would face two additional challenges that include ultralow latency (i.e., 1 ms) requirements and ultradense nature of the network. Due to the dense small cell deployment and heavy traffic cells in 5G, 5G backhaul network will need to support hundreds of gigabits of traffic from the core network and today’s cellular backhaul networks are infeasible to meet these requirements in terms of capacity, availability, latency, energy, and cost efficiency. This book chapter first introduce the mobile backhaul network perspective for 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. Then, outlines the backhaul requirements of 5G networks, and describes the impact on current mobile backhaul networks.",book:{id:"6321",slug:"broadband-communications-networks-recent-advances-and-lessons-from-practice",title:"Broadband Communications Networks",fullTitle:"Broadband Communications Networks - Recent Advances and Lessons from Practice"},signatures:"Md Maruf Ahamed and Saleh Faruque",authors:[{id:"215861",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Md Maruf",middleName:null,surname:"Ahamed",slug:"md-maruf-ahamed",fullName:"Md Maruf Ahamed"},{id:"216864",title:"Prof.",name:"Saleh",middleName:null,surname:"Faruque",slug:"saleh-faruque",fullName:"Saleh Faruque"}]},{id:"10731",doi:"10.5772/9422",title:"Ti indiffused Lithium Niobate (Ti: LiNbO3) Mach-Zehnder interferometer all optical switches: A review",slug:"ti-indiffused-lithium-niobate-ti-linbo3-mach-zehnder-interferometer-all-optical-switches-a-review",totalDownloads:7597,totalCrossrefCites:18,totalDimensionsCites:20,abstract:null,book:{id:"3639",slug:"new-advanced-technologies",title:"New Advanced Technologies",fullTitle:"New Advanced Technologies"},signatures:"G.Singh, R.P.Yadav and V.Janyani",authors:null},{id:"12289",doi:"10.5772/10428",title:"Potential for Improving HD Diesel Truck Engine Fuel Consumption Using Exhaust Heat Recovery Techniques",slug:"potential-for-improving-hd-diesel-truck-engine-fuel-consumption-using-exhaust-heat-recovery-techniqu",totalDownloads:4281,totalCrossrefCites:8,totalDimensionsCites:19,abstract:null,book:{id:"3720",slug:"new-trends-in-technologies--devices--computer--communication-and-industrial-systems",title:"New Trends in Technologies",fullTitle:"New Trends in Technologies: Devices, Computer, Communication and Industrial Systems"},signatures:"Dimitrios Hountalas and Georgios Mavropoulos",authors:null}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"59149",title:"Evolution of Broadband Communication Networks: Architecture and Applications",slug:"evolution-of-broadband-communication-networks-architecture-and-applications",totalDownloads:1567,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"With the rapid increase in users’ demand for flexibility and scalability of communication services, broadband communication networks are facing an ongoing challenge of providing various broadband services using a single communication architecture. This leads to the evolution of a challenging field of multiservice broadband network architectures. This chapter discusses the basic concepts associated with broadband communication network architectures with emphasis on provision of multiservice, and it also focuses on the evolution of broadband communication networks from the traditional architecture to the incorporation of virtualization services, that is, cloud computing. Another important aspect, which relates to the multiservice broadband network, is the “applications” which, as this chapter highlights, are a key-driving factor for the evolution of broadband communication networks. Moreover, this chapter also includes a discussion on New Zealand’s government initiatives to provide improved network coverage within the country.",book:{id:"6321",slug:"broadband-communications-networks-recent-advances-and-lessons-from-practice",title:"Broadband Communications Networks",fullTitle:"Broadband Communications Networks - Recent Advances and Lessons from Practice"},signatures:"Sonia Gul and Jairo Gutierrez",authors:[{id:"214670",title:"Dr.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Gul",slug:"sonia-gul",fullName:"Sonia Gul"},{id:"215559",title:"Prof.",name:"Jairo",middleName:null,surname:"Gutierrez",slug:"jairo-gutierrez",fullName:"Jairo Gutierrez"}]},{id:"67713",title:"Multiplexing",slug:"multiplexing",totalDownloads:1881,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"In any communication system that is either digital or analog, we need a communication channel for transmission. This channel can be a wired or a wireless link. It is not practical to allocate individual channels for each user. Therefore a group of signals are combined together and sent over a common channel. For this we use multiplexers. A multiplexer is a device that allows digital information from several sources to be routed onto a single line for transmission to a single destination. A demultiplexer does the reverse operation of multiplexing. It takes digital information from a single line and distributes it to a given number of output lines.",book:{id:"8383",slug:"multiplexing",title:"Multiplexing",fullTitle:"Multiplexing"},signatures:"Vijayakumar Nandalal and M.S. Sumalatha",authors:[{id:"285973",title:"Dr.",name:"Nandalal",middleName:null,surname:"Vijayakumar",slug:"nandalal-vijayakumar",fullName:"Nandalal Vijayakumar"},{id:"297986",title:"Mrs.",name:"Sumalatha",middleName:null,surname:"M S",slug:"sumalatha-m-s",fullName:"Sumalatha M S"}]},{id:"62142",title:"5G Backhaul: Requirements, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies",slug:"5g-backhaul-requirements-challenges-and-emerging-technologies",totalDownloads:3174,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:22,abstract:"5G is the next generation cellular networks which is expected to quench the ever-ending thirst of data rates and interconnect billions of smart devices to support not only human centric traffic, but also machine centric traffic. Recent research and standardization work have been addressing requirements and challenges from radio perspective (e.g., new spectrum allocation, network densification, massive multiple-input-multiple-output antenna, carrier aggregation, inter-cell interference mitigation techniques, and coordinated multi-point processing). In addition, a new network bottleneck has emerged: the backhaul network which will allow to interconnect and support billions of devices from the core network. Up to 4G cellular networks, the major challenges to meet the backhaul requirements were capacity, availability, deployment cost, and long-distance reach. However, as 5G network capabilities and services added to 4G cellular networks, the backhaul network would face two additional challenges that include ultralow latency (i.e., 1 ms) requirements and ultradense nature of the network. Due to the dense small cell deployment and heavy traffic cells in 5G, 5G backhaul network will need to support hundreds of gigabits of traffic from the core network and today’s cellular backhaul networks are infeasible to meet these requirements in terms of capacity, availability, latency, energy, and cost efficiency. This book chapter first introduce the mobile backhaul network perspective for 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. Then, outlines the backhaul requirements of 5G networks, and describes the impact on current mobile backhaul networks.",book:{id:"6321",slug:"broadband-communications-networks-recent-advances-and-lessons-from-practice",title:"Broadband Communications Networks",fullTitle:"Broadband Communications Networks - Recent Advances and Lessons from Practice"},signatures:"Md Maruf Ahamed and Saleh Faruque",authors:[{id:"215861",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Md Maruf",middleName:null,surname:"Ahamed",slug:"md-maruf-ahamed",fullName:"Md Maruf Ahamed"},{id:"216864",title:"Prof.",name:"Saleh",middleName:null,surname:"Faruque",slug:"saleh-faruque",fullName:"Saleh Faruque"}]},{id:"56113",title:"Smartphone: The Ultimate IoT and IoE Device",slug:"smartphone-the-ultimate-iot-and-ioe-device",totalDownloads:2852,totalCrossrefCites:23,totalDimensionsCites:35,abstract:"Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE) are emerging communication concepts that will interconnect a variety of devices (including smartphones, home appliances, sensors, and other network devices), people, data, and processes and allow them to communicate with each other seamlessly. These new concepts can be applied in many application domains such as healthcare, transportation, and supply chain management (SCM), to name a few, and allow users to get real-time information such as location-based services, disease management, and tracking. The smartphone-enabling technologies such as built-in sensors, Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tracking, and near-field communications (NFC) allow it to be an integral part of IoT and IoE world and the mostly used device in these environments. However, its use imposes severe security and privacy threats, because the smartphone usually contains and communicates sensitive private data. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT and IoE technologies, their application domains, IoT structure and architecture, the use of smartphones in IoT and IoE, and the difference between IoT networks and mobile cellular networks. We also provide a concise overview of future opportunities and challenges in IoT and IoE environments and focus more on the security and privacy threats of using the smartphone in IoT and IoE networks with a suggestion of some countermeasures.",book:{id:"5740",slug:"smartphones-from-an-applied-research-perspective",title:"Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective",fullTitle:"Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective"},signatures:"Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar and Mohammed Boulmalf",authors:[{id:"26677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehdia",middleName:null,surname:"Ajana El Khaddar",slug:"mehdia-ajana-el-khaddar",fullName:"Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar"},{id:"209424",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Boulmalf",slug:"mohammed-boulmalf",fullName:"Mohammed Boulmalf"}]},{id:"57271",title:"Malware Analysis and Detection on Android: The Big Challenge",slug:"malware-analysis-and-detection-on-android-the-big-challenge",totalDownloads:2352,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"The popularization of the use of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, has accelerated in recent years, as these devices have experienced a reduction in cost together with an increase in functionality and services availability. In this context, due to its openness and free availability, Android operating system (OS) has become not only a major stakeholder in the market of mobile devices but has also become an attractive target for cybercriminals. In this chapter, we advocate to present some current trends and results in the Android malware analysis and detection research area. We start by briefly describing the Android’s security model, followed by a discussion of the static and dynamic malware analysis techniques in order to provide a general view of the analysis and detection process to the reader. After that, a description of a particular set of software developments, which exemplify some of the discussed techniques, is presented accompanied by a set of practical results. Finally, we draw some conclusions about the future development of the Android malware analysis area. The main contribution of this chapter is a description of the realization of static and dynamic malware analysis techniques and principles that can be automated and mapped to software system tools in order to simplify analyses. Moreover, some details about the use of machine learning algorithms for malware classifications and the use of the hooking software techniques for dynamic analysis execution are provided.",book:{id:"5740",slug:"smartphones-from-an-applied-research-perspective",title:"Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective",fullTitle:"Smartphones from an Applied Research Perspective"},signatures:"Abraham Rodríguez-Mota, Ponciano J. Escamilla-Ambrosio and\nMoisés Salinas-Rosales",authors:[{id:"203558",title:"Dr.",name:"Abraham",middleName:null,surname:"Rodríguez-Mota",slug:"abraham-rodriguez-mota",fullName:"Abraham Rodríguez-Mota"},{id:"204121",title:"Dr.",name:"Ponciano",middleName:"Jorge",surname:"Escamilla-Ambrosio",slug:"ponciano-escamilla-ambrosio",fullName:"Ponciano Escamilla-Ambrosio"},{id:"204123",title:"Dr.",name:"Moisés",middleName:null,surname:"Salinas Rosales",slug:"moises-salinas-rosales",fullName:"Moisés Salinas Rosales"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"1368",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:287,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:10,numberOfPublishedChapters:103,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",issn:"2631-6188",scope:"This series will provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends in various Infectious Diseases (as per the most recent Baltimore classification). Topics will include general overviews of infections, immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, etiology, and current clinical recommendations for managing infectious diseases. Ongoing issues, recent advances, and future diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies will also be discussed. This book series will focus on various aspects and properties of infectious diseases whose deep understanding is essential for safeguarding the human race from losing resources and economies due to pathogens.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/6.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 19th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:13,editor:{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/3.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!1,editor:null,editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"4",title:"Fungal Infectious Diseases",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/4.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"174134",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuping",middleName:null,surname:"Ran",slug:"yuping-ran",fullName:"Yuping Ran",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bS9d6QAC/Profile_Picture_1630330675373",biography:"Dr. Yuping Ran, Professor, Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Completed the Course Medical Mycology, the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Netherlands (2006). International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) Fellow, and International Emerging Infectious Diseases (IEID) Fellow, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA. Diploma of Dermatological Scientist, Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Ph.D. of Juntendo University, Japan. Bachelor’s and Master’s degree, Medicine, West China University of Medical Sciences. Chair of Sichuan Medical Association Dermatology Committee. General Secretary of The 19th Annual Meeting of Chinese Society of Dermatology and the Asia Pacific Society for Medical Mycology (2013). In charge of the Annual Medical Mycology Course over 20-years authorized by National Continue Medical Education Committee of China. Member of the board of directors of the Asia-Pacific Society for Medical Mycology (APSMM). Associate editor of Mycopathologia. Vice-chief of the editorial board of Chinses Journal of Mycology, China. Board Member and Chair of Mycology Group of Chinese Society of Dermatology.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sichuan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/5.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"67907",title:"Dr.",name:"Amidou",middleName:null,surname:"Samie",slug:"amidou-samie",fullName:"Amidou Samie",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/67907/images/system/67907.jpg",biography:"Dr. Amidou Samie is an Associate Professor of Microbiology at the University of Venda, in South Africa, where he graduated for his PhD in May 2008. He joined the Department of Microbiology the same year and has been giving lectures on topics covering parasitology, immunology, molecular biology and industrial microbiology. He is currently a rated researcher by the National Research Foundation of South Africa at category C2. He has published widely in the field of infectious diseases and has overseen several MSc’s and PhDs. His research activities mostly cover topics on infectious diseases from epidemiology to control. His particular interest lies in the study of intestinal protozoan parasites and opportunistic infections among HIV patients as well as the potential impact of childhood diarrhoea on growth and child development. He also conducts research on water-borne diseases and water quality and is involved in the evaluation of point-of-use water treatment technologies using silver and copper nanoparticles in collaboration with the University of Virginia, USA. He also studies the use of medicinal plants for the control of infectious diseases as well as antimicrobial drug resistance.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Venda",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/6.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Dr. Saxena is a fellow of various international societies/academies including the Royal College of Pathologists, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Royal Society of Biology, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Chemistry, London; and Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals, Austria. He was named a Global Leader in Science by The Scientist. He is also an international opinion leader/expert in vaccination for Japanese encephalitis by IPIC (UK).",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"81821",title:"Pneumococcal Carriage in Jordanian Children and the Importance of Vaccination",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104999",signatures:"Adnan Al-Lahham",slug:"pneumococcal-carriage-in-jordanian-children-and-the-importance-of-vaccination",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"81813",title:"Schistosomiasis: Discovery of New Molecules for Disease Treatment and Vaccine Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104738",signatures:"Andressa Barban do Patrocinio",slug:"schistosomiasis-discovery-of-new-molecules-for-disease-treatment-and-vaccine-development",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"New Horizons for Schistosomiasis Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10829.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"81644",title:"Perspective Chapter: Ethics of Using Placebo Controlled Trials for Covid-19 Vaccine Development in Vulnerable Populations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104776",signatures:"Lesley Burgess, Jurie Jordaan and Matthew Wilson",slug:"perspective-chapter-ethics-of-using-placebo-controlled-trials-for-covid-19-vaccine-development-in-vu",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"80546",title:"Streptococcal Skin and Skin-Structure Infections",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102894",signatures:"Alwyn Rapose",slug:"streptococcal-skin-and-skin-structure-infections",totalDownloads:48,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:13,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"6667",title:"Influenza",subtitle:"Therapeutics and Challenges",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6667.jpg",slug:"influenza-therapeutics-and-challenges",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"105e347b2d5dbbe6b593aceffa051efa",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Influenza - Therapeutics and Challenges",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Dr. Saxena is a fellow of various international societies/academies including the Royal College of Pathologists, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Royal Society of Biology, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Chemistry, London; and Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals, Austria. He was named a Global Leader in Science by The Scientist. He is also an international opinion leader/expert in vaccination for Japanese encephalitis by IPIC (UK).",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7064",title:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7064.jpg",slug:"current-perspectives-in-human-papillomavirus",publishedDate:"May 2nd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shailendra K. Saxena",hash:"d92a4085627bab25ddc7942fbf44cf05",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. His research work has been published in various high-impact factor journals (Science, PNAS, Nature Medicine) with a high number of citations. He has received many awards and honors in India and abroad including various Young Scientist Awards, BBSRC India Partnering Award, and Dr. JC Bose National Award of Department of Biotechnology, Min. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Dr. Saxena is a fellow of various international societies/academies including the Royal College of Pathologists, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Royal Society of Biology, United Kingdom; Royal Society of Chemistry, London; and Academy of Translational Medicine Professionals, Austria. He was named a Global Leader in Science by The Scientist. He is also an international opinion leader/expert in vaccination for Japanese encephalitis by IPIC (UK).",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7123",title:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7123.jpg",slug:"current-topics-in-neglected-tropical-diseases",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",hash:"61c627da05b2ace83056d11357bdf361",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"7839",title:"Malaria",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7839.jpg",slug:"malaria",publishedDate:"December 11th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Fyson H. Kasenga",hash:"91cde4582ead884cb0f355a19b67cd56",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Malaria",editors:[{id:"86725",title:"Dr.",name:"Fyson",middleName:"Hanania",surname:"Kasenga",slug:"fyson-kasenga",fullName:"Fyson Kasenga",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/86725/images/system/86725.jpg",biography:"Dr. Kasenga is a graduate of Tumaini University, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania and Umeå University, Sweden. He obtained a Master’s degree in Public Health and PhD in Public Health and Epidemiology. He has a background in Clinical Medicine and has taken courses at higher diploma levels in public health from University of Transkei, Republic of South Africa, and African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) in Nairobi, Kenya. Dr. Kasenga worked in different places in and outside Malawi, and has held various positions, such as Licensed Medical Officer, HIV/AIDS Programme Officer, HIV/AIDS resource person in the International Department of Diakonhjemet College, Oslo, Norway. He also managed an Integrated HIV/AIDS Prevention programme for over 5 years. He is currently working as a Director for the Health Ministries Department of Malawi Union of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Dr. Kasenga has published over 5 articles on HIV/AIDS issues focusing on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT), including a book chapter on HIV testing counseling (currently in press). Dr. Kasenga is married to Grace and blessed with three children, a son and two daughters: Happy, Lettice and Sungani.",institutionString:"Malawi Adventist University",institution:{name:"Malawi Adventist University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malawi"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:7,paginationItems:[{id:"11476",title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",hash:"8d41fa5f3a5da07469bbc121594bfd3e",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"March 24th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"335401",title:"Prof.",name:"Margherita",surname:"Mori",slug:"margherita-mori",fullName:"Margherita Mori"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11460",title:"Pluralistic Approaches for Conservation and Sustainability in Biodiversity",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11460.jpg",hash:"ab014f8ed1669757335225786833e9a9",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"April 22nd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"101105",title:"Dr.",name:"Gopal",surname:"Shukla",slug:"gopal-shukla",fullName:"Gopal Shukla"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11475",title:"Food Security Challenges and Approaches",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11475.jpg",hash:"090302a30e461cee643ec49675c811ec",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 5th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"292145",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",surname:"Haseeb Ahmad",slug:"muhammad-haseeb-ahmad",fullName:"Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11450",title:"Environmental Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on the World",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11450.jpg",hash:"a58c7b02d07903004be70f744f2e1835",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 10th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"63465",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Nageeb",surname:"Rashed",slug:"mohamed-nageeb-rashed",fullName:"Mohamed Nageeb Rashed"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11477",title:"Public Economics - New Perspectives and Uncertainty",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11477.jpg",hash:"a8e6c515dc924146fbd2712eb4e7d118",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"May 27th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"414400",title:"Dr.",name:"Habtamu",surname:"Alem",slug:"habtamu-alem",fullName:"Habtamu Alem"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11457",title:"Forest Degradation Under Global Change",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11457.jpg",hash:"8df7150b01ae754024c65d1a62f190d9",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 1st 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"317087",title:"Dr.",name:"Pavel",surname:"Samec",slug:"pavel-samec",fullName:"Pavel Samec"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11474",title:"Quality of Life Interventions - Magnitude of Effect and Transferability",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11474.jpg",hash:"5a6bcdaf5ee144d043bcdab893ff9e1c",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 2nd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"245319",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sage",surname:"Arbor",slug:"sage-arbor",fullName:"Sage Arbor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:43,paginationItems:[{id:"81796",title:"Apoptosis-Related Diseases and Peroxisomes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105052",signatures:"Meimei Wang, Yakun Liu, Ni Chen, Juan Wang and Ye Zhao",slug:"apoptosis-related-diseases-and-peroxisomes",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"The Metabolic Role of Peroxisome in Health and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10837.jpg",subseries:{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology"}}},{id:"81723",title:"Peroxisomal Modulation as Therapeutic Alternative for Tackling Multiple Cancers",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104873",signatures:"Shazia Usmani, Shadma Wahab, Abdul Hafeez, Shabana Khatoon and Syed Misbahul Hasan",slug:"peroxisomal-modulation-as-therapeutic-alternative-for-tackling-multiple-cancers",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"The Metabolic Role of Peroxisome in Health and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10837.jpg",subseries:{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology"}}},{id:"81638",title:"Aging and Neuropsychiatric Disease: A General Overview of Prevalence and Trends",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103102",signatures:"Jelena Milić",slug:"aging-and-neuropsychiatric-disease-a-general-overview-of-prevalence-and-trends",totalDownloads:14,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Senescence",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10935.jpg",subseries:{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology"}}},{id:"81566",title:"New and Emerging Technologies for Integrative Ambulatory Autonomic Assessment and Intervention as a Catalyst in the Synergy of Remote Geocoded Biosensing, Algorithmic Networked Cloud Computing, Deep Learning, and Regenerative/Biomic Medicine: Further Real",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104092",signatures:"Robert L. Drury",slug:"new-and-emerging-technologies-for-integrative-ambulatory-autonomic-assessment-and-intervention-as-a-",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"81576",title:"Carotenoids in Thermal Adaptation of Plants and Animals",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104537",signatures:"Ivan M. Petyaev",slug:"carotenoids-in-thermal-adaptation-of-plants-and-animals",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Ivan",surname:"Petyaev"}],book:{title:"Carotenoids - New Perspectives and Application",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10836.jpg",subseries:{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology"}}},{id:"81358",title:"New Insights on Carotenoid Production by Gordonia alkanivorans Strain 1B",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103919",signatures:"Tiago P. Silva, Susana M. Paixão, Ana S. Fernandes, José C. Roseiro and Luís Alves",slug:"new-insights-on-carotenoid-production-by-gordonia-alkanivorans-strain-1b",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Carotenoids - New Perspectives and Application",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10836.jpg",subseries:{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology"}}},{id:"81298",title:"Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Metastasis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103798",signatures:"Eman Helmy Thabet",slug:"roles-of-extracellular-vesicles-in-cancer-metastasis",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Extracellular Vesicles - Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",subseries:{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology"}}},{id:"81290",title:"Musculoskeletal Abnormalities Caused by Cystic Fibrosis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104591",signatures:"Mark Lambrechts",slug:"musculoskeletal-abnormalities-caused-by-cystic-fibrosis",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Advances in Skeletal Muscle Health and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11675.jpg",subseries:{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology"}}},{id:"81286",title:"Potassium Derangements: A Pathophysiological Review, Diagnostic Approach, and Clinical Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103016",signatures:"Sairah Sharif and Jie Tang",slug:"potassium-derangements-a-pathophysiological-review-diagnostic-approach-and-clinical-management",totalDownloads:24,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Potassium in Human Health",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10794.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"81246",title:"Role of Carotenoids in Cardiovascular Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102750",signatures:"Arslan Ahmad, Sakhawat Riaz, Muhammad Shahzaib Nadeem, Umber Mubeen and Khadija Maham",slug:"role-of-carotenoids-in-cardiovascular-disease",totalDownloads:27,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Carotenoids - New Perspectives and Application",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10836.jpg",subseries:{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Plant Physiology",value:13,count:5,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Human Physiology",value:12,count:13,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Cell Physiology",value:11,count:25,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:12,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"9883",title:"Biosensors",subtitle:"Current and Novel Strategies for Biosensing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9883.jpg",slug:"biosensors-current-and-novel-strategies-for-biosensing",publishedDate:"May 5th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez and Ana Leticia Iglesias",hash:"028f3e5dbf9c32590183ac4b4f0a2825",volumeInSeries:11,fullTitle:"Biosensors - Current and Novel Strategies for Biosensing",editors:[{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",slug:"luis-villarreal-gomez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9959",title:"Biomedical Signal and Image Processing",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9959.jpg",slug:"biomedical-signal-and-image-processing",publishedDate:"April 14th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Yongxia Zhou",hash:"22b87a09bd6df065d78c175235d367c8",volumeInSeries:10,fullTitle:"Biomedical Signal and Image Processing",editors:[{id:"259308",title:"Dr.",name:"Yongxia",middleName:null,surname:"Zhou",slug:"yongxia-zhou",fullName:"Yongxia Zhou",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259308/images/system/259308.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Southern California",institution:{name:"University of Southern California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9973",title:"Data Acquisition",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Applications in Biomedical Engineering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9973.jpg",slug:"data-acquisition-recent-advances-and-applications-in-biomedical-engineering",publishedDate:"March 17th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Bartłomiej Płaczek",hash:"75ea6cdd241216c9db28aa734ab34446",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Data Acquisition - Recent Advances and Applications in Biomedical Engineering",editors:[{id:"313277",title:"Dr.",name:"Bartłomiej",middleName:null,surname:"Płaczek",slug:"bartlomiej-placzek",fullName:"Bartłomiej Płaczek",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313277/images/system/313277.jpg",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9905",title:"Biometric Systems",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9905.jpg",slug:"biometric-systems",publishedDate:"February 10th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Muhammad Sarfraz",hash:"c730560dd2e3837a03407b3a86b0ef2a",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Biometric Systems",editors:[{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/215610/images/system/215610.jpeg",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Kuwait"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8622",title:"Peptide Synthesis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8622.jpg",slug:"peptide-synthesis",publishedDate:"December 18th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Jaya T. Varkey",hash:"de9fa48c5248dbfb581825b8c74f5623",volumeInSeries:0,fullTitle:"Peptide Synthesis",editors:[{id:"246502",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaya T.",middleName:"T",surname:"Varkey",slug:"jaya-t.-varkey",fullName:"Jaya T. Varkey",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246502/images/11160_n.jpg",institutionString:"St. Teresa’s College",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7497",title:"Computer Vision in Dentistry",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7497.jpg",slug:"computer-vision-in-dentistry",publishedDate:"September 18th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Monika Elzbieta Machoy",hash:"1e9812cebd46ef9e28257f3e96547f6a",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Computer Vision in Dentistry",editors:[{id:"248279",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:"Elzbieta",surname:"Machoy",slug:"monika-machoy",fullName:"Monika Machoy",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248279/images/system/248279.jpeg",institutionString:"Pomeranian Medical University",institution:{name:"Pomeranian Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8633",title:"Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8633.jpg",slug:"novel-diagnostic-methods-in-ophthalmology",publishedDate:"September 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Anna Nowinska",hash:"da2c90e8db647ead30504defce3fb5d3",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology",editors:[{id:"261466",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:"Karolina",surname:"Nowińska",slug:"anna-nowinska",fullName:"Anna Nowińska",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/261466/images/system/261466.jpeg",institutionString:"Medical University of Silesia",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7437",title:"Nanomedicines",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7437.jpg",slug:"nanomedicines",publishedDate:"February 13th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh",hash:"0e1f5f6258f074c533976c4f4d248568",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Nanomedicines",editors:[{id:"63182",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad Akhyar",middleName:null,surname:"Farrukh",slug:"muhammad-akhyar-farrukh",fullName:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63182/images/system/63182.png",institutionString:"Forman Christian College",institution:{name:"Forman Christian College",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6843",title:"Biomechanics",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6843.jpg",slug:"biomechanics",publishedDate:"January 30th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hadi Mohammadi",hash:"85132976010be1d7f3dbd88662b785e5",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Biomechanics",editors:[{id:"212432",title:"Prof.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"hadi-mohammadi",fullName:"Hadi Mohammadi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212432/images/system/212432.jpeg",institutionString:"University of British Columbia",institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7560",title:"Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods",subtitle:"Image Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7560.jpg",slug:"non-invasive-diagnostic-methods-image-processing",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mariusz Marzec and Robert Koprowski",hash:"d92fd8cf5a90a47f2b8a310837a5600e",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods - Image Processing",editors:[{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7218",title:"OCT",subtitle:"Applications in Ophthalmology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7218.jpg",slug:"oct-applications-in-ophthalmology",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Michele Lanza",hash:"e3a3430cdfd6999caccac933e4613885",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"OCT - Applications in Ophthalmology",editors:[{id:"240088",title:"Prof.",name:"Michele",middleName:null,surname:"Lanza",slug:"michele-lanza",fullName:"Michele Lanza",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/240088/images/system/240088.png",institutionString:'University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"',institution:{name:'University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"',institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6692",title:"Medical and Biological Image Analysis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6692.jpg",slug:"medical-and-biological-image-analysis",publishedDate:"July 4th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Robert Koprowski",hash:"e75f234a0fc1988d9816a94e4c724deb",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Medical and Biological Image Analysis",editors:[{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",slug:"robert-koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",value:9,count:1},{group:"subseries",caption:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",value:8,count:2},{group:"subseries",caption:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",value:7,count:9}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:4},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:5},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:3}],authors:{paginationCount:302,paginationItems:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/198499/images/system/198499.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Daniel Glossman-Mitnik is currently a Titular Researcher at the Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Chihuahua, Mexico, as well as a National Researcher of Level III at the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico. His research interest focuses on computational chemistry and molecular modeling of diverse systems of pharmacological, food, and alternative energy interests by resorting to DFT and Conceptual DFT. He has authored a coauthored more than 255 peer-reviewed papers, 32 book chapters, and 2 edited books. He has delivered speeches at many international and domestic conferences. He serves as a reviewer for more than eighty international journals, books, and research proposals as well as an editor for special issues of renowned scientific journals.",institutionString:"Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados",institution:{name:"Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"76477",title:"Prof.",name:"Mirza",middleName:null,surname:"Hasanuzzaman",slug:"mirza-hasanuzzaman",fullName:"Mirza Hasanuzzaman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/76477/images/system/76477.png",biography:"Dr. Mirza Hasanuzzaman is a Professor of Agronomy at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh. He received his Ph.D. in Plant Stress Physiology and Antioxidant Metabolism from Ehime University, Japan, with a scholarship from the Japanese Government (MEXT). Later, he completed his postdoctoral research at the Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the Ryukyus, Japan, as a recipient of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) postdoctoral fellowship. He was also the recipient of the Australian Government Endeavour Research Fellowship for postdoctoral research as an adjunct senior researcher at the University of Tasmania, Australia. Dr. Hasanuzzaman’s current work is focused on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance. Dr. Hasanuzzaman has published more than 150 articles in peer-reviewed journals. He has edited ten books and written more than forty book chapters on important aspects of plant physiology, plant stress tolerance, and crop production. According to Scopus, Dr. Hasanuzzaman’s publications have received more than 10,500 citations with an h-index of 53. He has been named a Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate. He is an editor and reviewer for more than fifty peer-reviewed international journals and was a recipient of the “Publons Peer Review Award” in 2017, 2018, and 2019. He has been honored by different authorities for his outstanding performance in various fields like research and education, and he has received the World Academy of Science Young Scientist Award (2014) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) Award 2018. He is a fellow of the Bangladesh Academy of Sciences (BAS) and the Royal Society of Biology.",institutionString:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",institution:{name:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",country:{name:"Bangladesh"}}},{id:"187859",title:"Prof.",name:"Kusal",middleName:"K.",surname:"Das",slug:"kusal-das",fullName:"Kusal Das",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBDeQAO/Profile_Picture_1623411145568",biography:"Kusal K. Das is a Distinguished Chair Professor of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College and Director, Centre for Advanced Medical Research (CAMR), BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India. Dr. Das did his M.S. and Ph.D. in Human Physiology from the University of Calcutta, Kolkata. His area of research is focused on understanding of molecular mechanisms of heavy metal activated low oxygen sensing pathways in vascular pathophysiology. He has invented a new method of estimation of serum vitamin E. His expertise in critical experimental protocols on vascular functions in experimental animals was well documented by his quality of publications. He was a Visiting Professor of Medicine at University of Leeds, United Kingdom (2014-2016) and Tulane University, New Orleans, USA (2017). For his immense contribution in medical research Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India conferred him 'G.P. Chatterjee Memorial Research Prize-2019” and he is also the recipient of 'Dr.Raja Ramanna State Scientist Award 2015” by Government of Karnataka. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB), London and Honorary Fellow of Karnataka Science and Technology Academy, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka.",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University), India",institution:null},{id:"243660",title:"Dr.",name:"Mallanagouda Shivanagouda",middleName:null,surname:"Biradar",slug:"mallanagouda-shivanagouda-biradar",fullName:"Mallanagouda Shivanagouda Biradar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243660/images/system/243660.jpeg",biography:"M. S. Biradar is Vice Chancellor and Professor of Medicine of\nBLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India.\nHe obtained his MD with a gold medal in General Medicine and\nhas devoted himself to medical teaching, research, and administrations. He has also immensely contributed to medical research\non vascular medicine, which is reflected by his numerous publications including books and book chapters. Professor Biradar was\nalso Visiting Professor at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University)",institution:{name:"BLDE University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"289796",title:"Dr.",name:"Swastika",middleName:null,surname:"Das",slug:"swastika-das",fullName:"Swastika Das",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/289796/images/system/289796.jpeg",biography:"Swastika N. Das is Professor of Chemistry at the V. P. Dr. P. G.\nHalakatti College of Engineering and Technology, BLDE (Deemed\nto be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India. She obtained an\nMSc, MPhil, and PhD in Chemistry from Sambalpur University,\nOdisha, India. Her areas of research interest are medicinal chemistry, chemical kinetics, and free radical chemistry. She is a member\nof the investigators who invented a new modified method of estimation of serum vitamin E. She has authored numerous publications including book\nchapters and is a mentor of doctoral curriculum at her university.",institutionString:"BLDEA’s V.P.Dr.P.G.Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology",institution:{name:"BLDE University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"248459",title:"Dr.",name:"Akikazu",middleName:null,surname:"Takada",slug:"akikazu-takada",fullName:"Akikazu Takada",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248459/images/system/248459.png",biography:"Akikazu Takada was born in Japan, 1935. After graduation from\nKeio University School of Medicine and finishing his post-graduate studies, he worked at Roswell Park Memorial Institute NY,\nUSA. He then took a professorship at Hamamatsu University\nSchool of Medicine. In thrombosis studies, he found the SK\npotentiator that enhances plasminogen activation by streptokinase. He is very much interested in simultaneous measurements\nof fatty acids, amino acids, and tryptophan degradation products. By using fatty\nacid analyses, he indicated that plasma levels of trans-fatty acids of old men were\nfar higher in the US than Japanese men. . He also showed that eicosapentaenoic acid\n(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels are higher, and arachidonic acid\nlevels are lower in Japanese than US people. By using simultaneous LC/MS analyses\nof plasma levels of tryptophan metabolites, he recently found that plasma levels of\nserotonin, kynurenine, or 5-HIAA were higher in patients of mono- and bipolar\ndepression, which are significantly different from observations reported before. In\nview of recent reports that plasma tryptophan metabolites are mainly produced by\nmicrobiota. He is now working on the relationships between microbiota and depression or autism.",institutionString:"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine",institution:{name:"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"137240",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"mohammed-khalid",fullName:"Mohammed Khalid",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/137240/images/system/137240.png",biography:"Mohammed Khalid received his B.S. degree in chemistry in 2000 and Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry in 2007 from the University of Khartoum, Sudan. He moved to School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia in 2009 and joined Dr. Ron Clarke as a postdoctoral fellow where he worked on the interaction of ATP with the phosphoenzyme of the Na+/K+-ATPase and dual mechanisms of allosteric acceleration of the Na+/K+-ATPase by ATP; then he went back to Department of Chemistry, University of Khartoum as an assistant professor, and in 2014 he was promoted as an associate professor. In 2011, he joined the staff of Department of Chemistry at Taif University, Saudi Arabia, where he is currently an assistant professor. His research interests include the following: P-Type ATPase enzyme kinetics and mechanisms, kinetics and mechanisms of redox reactions, autocatalytic reactions, computational enzyme kinetics, allosteric acceleration of P-type ATPases by ATP, exploring of allosteric sites of ATPases, and interaction of ATP with ATPases located in cell membranes.",institutionString:"Taif University",institution:{name:"Taif University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"63810",title:"Prof.",name:"Jorge",middleName:null,surname:"Morales-Montor",slug:"jorge-morales-montor",fullName:"Jorge Morales-Montor",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63810/images/system/63810.png",biography:"Dr. Jorge Morales-Montor was recognized with the Lola and Igo Flisser PUIS Award for best graduate thesis at the national level in the field of parasitology. He received a fellowship from the Fogarty Foundation to perform postdoctoral research stay at the University of Georgia. He has 153 journal articles to his credit. He has also edited several books and published more than fifty-five book chapters. He is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, Latin American Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Medicine. He has received more than thirty-five awards and has supervised numerous bachelor’s, master’s, and Ph.D. students. Dr. Morales-Montor is the past president of the Mexican Society of Parasitology.",institutionString:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"217215",title:"Dr.",name:"Palash",middleName:null,surname:"Mandal",slug:"palash-mandal",fullName:"Palash Mandal",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217215/images/system/217215.jpeg",biography:null,institutionString:"Charusat University",institution:null},{id:"49739",title:"Dr.",name:"Leszek",middleName:null,surname:"Szablewski",slug:"leszek-szablewski",fullName:"Leszek Szablewski",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49739/images/system/49739.jpg",biography:"Leszek Szablewski is a professor of medical sciences. He received his M.S. in the Faculty of Biology from the University of Warsaw and his PhD degree from the Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences. He habilitated in the Medical University of Warsaw, and he obtained his degree of Professor from the President of Poland. Professor Szablewski is the Head of Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw. Professor Szablewski has published over 80 peer-reviewed papers in journals such as Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Reviews of Cancer, Biol. Chem., J. Biomed. Sci., and Diabetes/Metabol. Res. Rev, Endocrine. He is the author of two books and four book chapters. He has edited four books, written 15 scripts for students, is the ad hoc reviewer of over 30 peer-reviewed journals, and editorial member of peer-reviewed journals. Prof. Szablewski’s research focuses on cell physiology, genetics, and pathophysiology. He works on the damage caused by lack of glucose homeostasis and changes in the expression and/or function of glucose transporters due to various diseases. He has given lectures, seminars, and exercises for students at the Medical University.",institutionString:"Medical University of Warsaw",institution:{name:"Medical University of Warsaw",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"173123",title:"Dr.",name:"Maitham",middleName:null,surname:"Khajah",slug:"maitham-khajah",fullName:"Maitham Khajah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/173123/images/system/173123.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Maitham A. Khajah received his degree in Pharmacy from Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, in 2003 and obtained his PhD degree in December 2009 from the University of Calgary, Canada (Gastrointestinal Science and Immunology). Since January 2010 he has been assistant professor in Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. His research interest are molecular targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the mechanisms responsible for immune cell chemotaxis. He cosupervised many students for the MSc Molecular Biology Program, College of Graduate Studies, Kuwait University. Ever since joining Kuwait University in 2010, he got various grants as PI and Co-I. He was awarded the Best Young Researcher Award by Kuwait University, Research Sector, for the Year 2013–2014. He was a member in the organizing committee for three conferences organized by Kuwait University, Faculty of Pharmacy, as cochair and a member in the scientific committee (the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Kuwait International Pharmacy Conference).",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},{id:"195136",title:"Dr.",name:"Aya",middleName:null,surname:"Adel",slug:"aya-adel",fullName:"Aya Adel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195136/images/system/195136.jpg",biography:"Dr. Adel works as an Assistant Lecturer in the unit of Phoniatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. Dr. Adel is especially interested in joint attention and its impairment in autism spectrum disorder",institutionString:"Ain Shams University",institution:{name:"Ain Shams University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"94911",title:"Dr.",name:"Boulenouar",middleName:null,surname:"Mesraoua",slug:"boulenouar-mesraoua",fullName:"Boulenouar Mesraoua",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94911/images/system/94911.png",biography:"Dr Boulenouar Mesraoua is the Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology at Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar and a Consultant Neurologist at Hamad Medical Corporation at the Neuroscience Department; He graduated as a Medical Doctor from the University of Oran, Algeria; he then moved to Belgium, the City of Liege, for a Residency in Internal Medicine and Neurology at Liege University; after getting the Belgian Board of Neurology (with high marks), he went to the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom for a fellowship in Clinical Neurophysiology, under Pr Willison ; Dr Mesraoua had also further training in Epilepsy and Continuous EEG Monitoring for two years (from 2001-2003) in the Neurophysiology department of Zurich University, Switzerland, under late Pr Hans Gregor Wieser ,an internationally known epileptologist expert. \n\nDr B. Mesraoua is the Director of the Neurology Fellowship Program at the Neurology Section and an active member of the newly created Comprehensive Epilepsy Program at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar; he is also Assistant Director of the Residency Program at the Qatar Medical School. \nDr B. Mesraoua's main interests are Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Clinical Neurology; He is the Chairman and the Organizer of the well known Qatar Epilepsy Symposium, he is running yearly for the past 14 years and which is considered a landmark in the Gulf region; He has also started last year , together with other epileptologists from Qatar, the region and elsewhere, a yearly International Epilepsy School Course, which was attended by many neurologists from the Area.\n\nInternationally, Dr Mesraoua is an active and elected member of the Commission on Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR ) , a regional branch of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), where he represents the Middle East and North Africa(MENA ) and where he holds the position of chief of the Epilepsy Epidemiology Section; Dr Mesraoua is a member of the American Academy of Neurology, the Europeen Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society.\n\nDr Mesraoua's main objectives are to encourage frequent gathering of the epileptologists/neurologists from the MENA region and the rest of the world, promote Epilepsy Teaching in the MENA Region, and encourage multicenter studies involving neurologists and epileptologists in the MENA region, particularly epilepsy epidemiological studies. \n\nDr. Mesraoua is the recipient of two research Grants, as the Lead Principal Investigator (750.000 USD and 250.000 USD) from the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) and the Hamad Hospital Internal Research Grant (IRGC), on the following topics : “Continuous EEG Monitoring in the ICU “ and on “Alpha-lactoalbumin , proof of concept in the treatment of epilepsy” .Dr Mesraoua is a reviewer for the journal \"seizures\" (Europeen Epilepsy Journal ) as well as dove journals ; Dr Mesraoua is the author and co-author of many peer reviewed publications and four book chapters in the field of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurology",institutionString:"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar",institution:{name:"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar",country:{name:"Qatar"}}},{id:"282429",title:"Prof.",name:"Covanis",middleName:null,surname:"Athanasios",slug:"covanis-athanasios",fullName:"Covanis Athanasios",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/282429/images/system/282429.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:"Neurology-Neurophysiology Department of the Children Hospital Agia Sophia",institution:null},{id:"190980",title:"Prof.",name:"Marwa",middleName:null,surname:"Mahmoud Saleh",slug:"marwa-mahmoud-saleh",fullName:"Marwa Mahmoud Saleh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/190980/images/system/190980.jpg",biography:"Professor Marwa Mahmoud Saleh is a doctor of medicine and currently works in the unit of Phoniatrics, Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. She got her doctoral degree in 1991 and her doctoral thesis was accomplished in the University of Iowa, United States. Her publications covered a multitude of topics as videokymography, cochlear implants, stuttering, and dysphagia. She has lectured Egyptian phonology for many years. Her recent research interest is joint attention in autism.",institutionString:"Ain Shams University",institution:{name:"Ain Shams University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"259190",title:"Dr.",name:"Syed Ali Raza",middleName:null,surname:"Naqvi",slug:"syed-ali-raza-naqvi",fullName:"Syed Ali Raza Naqvi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259190/images/system/259190.png",biography:"Dr. Naqvi is a radioanalytical chemist and is working as an associate professor of analytical chemistry in the Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Advance separation techniques, nuclear analytical techniques and radiopharmaceutical analysis are the main courses that he is teaching to graduate and post-graduate students. In the research area, he is focusing on the development of organic- and biomolecule-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy of infectious and cancerous diseases. Under the supervision of Dr. Naqvi, three students have completed their Ph.D. degrees and 41 students have completed their MS degrees. He has completed three research projects and is currently working on 2 projects entitled “Radiolabeling of fluoroquinolone derivatives for the diagnosis of deep-seated bacterial infections” and “Radiolabeled minigastrin peptides for diagnosis and therapy of NETs”. He has published about 100 research articles in international reputed journals and 7 book chapters. Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH) Islamabad, Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINM), Faisalabad and Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology (INOR) Abbottabad are the main collaborating institutes.",institutionString:"Government College University",institution:{name:"Government College University, Faisalabad",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"58390",title:"Dr.",name:"Gyula",middleName:null,surname:"Mozsik",slug:"gyula-mozsik",fullName:"Gyula Mozsik",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/58390/images/system/58390.png",biography:"Gyula Mózsik MD, Ph.D., ScD (med), is an emeritus professor of Medicine at the First Department of Medicine, Univesity of Pécs, Hungary. He was head of this department from 1993 to 2003. His specializations are medicine, gastroenterology, clinical pharmacology, clinical nutrition, and dietetics. His research fields are biochemical pharmacological examinations in the human gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, mechanisms of retinoids, drugs, capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves, and innovative pharmacological, pharmaceutical, and nutritional (dietary) research in humans. He has published about 360 peer-reviewed papers, 197 book chapters, 692 abstracts, 19 monographs, and has edited 37 books. He has given about 1120 regular and review lectures. He has organized thirty-eight national and international congresses and symposia. He is the founder of the International Conference on Ulcer Research (ICUR); International Union of Pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Section (IUPHAR-GI); Brain-Gut Society symposiums, and gastrointestinal cytoprotective symposiums. He received the Andre Robert Award from IUPHAR-GI in 2014. Fifteen of his students have been appointed as full professors in Egypt, Cuba, and Hungary.",institutionString:"University of Pécs",institution:{name:"University of Pecs",country:{name:"Hungary"}}},{id:"277367",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Daniel",middleName:"Martin",surname:"Márquez López",slug:"daniel-marquez-lopez",fullName:"Daniel Márquez López",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/277367/images/7909_n.jpg",biography:"Msc Daniel Martin Márquez López has a bachelor degree in Industrial Chemical Engineering, a Master of science degree in the same área and he is a PhD candidate for the Instituto Politécnico Nacional. His Works are realted to the Green chemistry field, biolubricants, biodiesel, transesterification reactions for biodiesel production and the manipulation of oils for therapeutic purposes.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"196544",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196544/images/system/196544.jpg",biography:"Angel Catalá studied chemistry at Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, where he received a Ph.D. in Chemistry (Biological Branch) in 1965. From 1964 to 1974, he worked as an Assistant in Biochemistry at the School of Medicine at the same university. From 1974 to 1976, he was a fellow of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the University of Connecticut, Health Center, USA. From 1985 to 2004, he served as a Full Professor of Biochemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. He is a member of the National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina, and the Argentine Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SAIB). His laboratory has been interested for many years in the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes from various tissues and different species. Dr. Catalá has directed twelve doctoral theses, published more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals, several chapters in books, and edited twelve books. He received awards at the 40th International Conference Biochemistry of Lipids 1999 in Dijon, France. He is the winner of the Bimbo Pan-American Nutrition, Food Science and Technology Award 2006 and 2012, South America, Human Nutrition, Professional Category. In 2006, he won the Bernardo Houssay award in pharmacology, in recognition of his meritorious works of research. Dr. Catalá belongs to the editorial board of several journals including Journal of Lipids; International Review of Biophysical Chemistry; Frontiers in Membrane Physiology and Biophysics; World Journal of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry Research International; World Journal of Biological Chemistry, Diabetes, and the Pancreas; International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy; and International Journal of Nutrition. He is the co-editor of The Open Biology Journal and associate editor for Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.",institutionString:"Universidad Nacional de La Plata",institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",country:{name:"Argentina"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",slug:"francisco-javier-martin-romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",biography:"Francisco Javier Martín-Romero (Javier) is a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Extremadura, Spain. He is also a group leader at the Biomarkers Institute of Molecular Pathology. Javier received his Ph.D. in 1998 in Biochemistry and Biophysics. At the National Cancer Institute (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) he worked as a research associate on the molecular biology of selenium and its role in health and disease. After postdoctoral collaborations with Carlos Gutierrez-Merino (University of Extremadura, Spain) and Dario Alessi (University of Dundee, UK), he established his own laboratory in 2008. The interest of Javier's lab is the study of cell signaling with a special focus on Ca2+ signaling, and how Ca2+ transport modulates the cytoskeleton, migration, differentiation, cell death, etc. He is especially interested in the study of Ca2+ channels, and the role of STIM1 in the initiation of pathological events.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"217323",title:"Prof.",name:"Guang-Jer",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",slug:"guang-jer-wu",fullName:"Guang-Jer Wu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217323/images/8027_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"148546",title:"Dr.",name:"Norma Francenia",middleName:null,surname:"Santos-Sánchez",slug:"norma-francenia-santos-sanchez",fullName:"Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/148546/images/4640_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"272889",title:"Dr.",name:"Narendra",middleName:null,surname:"Maddu",slug:"narendra-maddu",fullName:"Narendra Maddu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/272889/images/10758_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"242491",title:"Prof.",name:"Angelica",middleName:null,surname:"Rueda",slug:"angelica-rueda",fullName:"Angelica Rueda",position:"Investigador Cinvestav 3B",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242491/images/6765_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"88631",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Petyaev",slug:"ivan-petyaev",fullName:"Ivan Petyaev",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lycotec (United Kingdom)",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"423869",title:"Ms.",name:"Smita",middleName:null,surname:"Rai",slug:"smita-rai",fullName:"Smita Rai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"424024",title:"Prof.",name:"Swati",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"swati-sharma",fullName:"Swati Sharma",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"439112",title:"MSc.",name:"Touseef",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"touseef-fatima",fullName:"Touseef Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"424836",title:"Dr.",name:"Orsolya",middleName:null,surname:"Borsai",slug:"orsolya-borsai",fullName:"Orsolya Borsai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"422262",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Paola Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Palmeros-Suárez",slug:"paola-andrea-palmeros-suarez",fullName:"Paola Andrea Palmeros-Suárez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Guadalajara",country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"12",type:"subseries",title:"Human Physiology",keywords:"Anatomy, Cells, Organs, Systems, Homeostasis, Functions",scope:"Human physiology is the scientific exploration of the various functions (physical, biochemical, and mechanical properties) of humans, their organs, and their constituent cells. The endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Integration, which is the biological basis of physiology, is achieved through communication between the many overlapping functions of the human body's systems, which takes place through electrical and chemical means. Much of the basis of our knowledge of human physiology has been provided by animal experiments. Because of the close relationship between structure and function, studies in human physiology and anatomy seek to understand the mechanisms that help the human body function. The series on human physiology deals with the various mechanisms of interaction between the various organs, nerves, and cells in the human body.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/12.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11408,editor:{id:"195829",title:"Prof.",name:"Kunihiro",middleName:null,surname:"Sakuma",slug:"kunihiro-sakuma",fullName:"Kunihiro Sakuma",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195829/images/system/195829.jpg",biography:"Professor Kunihiro Sakuma, Ph.D., currently works in the Institute for Liberal Arts at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He is a physiologist working in the field of skeletal muscle. He was awarded his sports science diploma in 1995 by the University of Tsukuba and began his scientific work at the Department of Physiology, Aichi Human Service Center, focusing on the molecular mechanism of congenital muscular dystrophy and normal muscle regeneration. His interest later turned to the molecular mechanism and attenuating strategy of sarcopenia (age-related muscle atrophy). His opinion is to attenuate sarcopenia by improving autophagic defects using nutrient- and pharmaceutical-based treatments.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tokyo Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:{id:"331519",title:"Dr.",name:"Kotomi",middleName:null,surname:"Sakai",slug:"kotomi-sakai",fullName:"Kotomi Sakai",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000031QtFXQA0/Profile_Picture_1637053227318",biography:"Senior researcher Kotomi Sakai, Ph.D., MPH, works at the Research Organization of Science and Technology in Ritsumeikan University. She is a researcher in the geriatric rehabilitation and public health field. She received Ph.D. from Nihon University and MPH from St.Luke’s International University. Her main research interest is sarcopenia in older adults, especially its association with nutritional status. Additionally, to understand how to maintain and improve physical function in older adults, to conduct studies about the mechanism of sarcopenia and determine when possible interventions are needed.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ritsumeikan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},series:{id:"10",title:"Physiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",issn:"2631-8261"},editorialBoard:[{id:"213786",title:"Dr.",name:"Henrique P.",middleName:null,surname:"Neiva",slug:"henrique-p.-neiva",fullName:"Henrique P. Neiva",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/213786/images/system/213786.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Beira Interior",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"39275",title:"Prof.",name:"Herbert Ryan",middleName:null,surname:"Marini",slug:"herbert-ryan-marini",fullName:"Herbert Ryan Marini",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/39275/images/9459_n.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Messina",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"196218",title:"Dr.",name:"Pasquale",middleName:null,surname:"Cianci",slug:"pasquale-cianci",fullName:"Pasquale Cianci",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196218/images/system/196218.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Foggia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:13,paginationItems:[{id:"81566",title:"New and Emerging Technologies for Integrative Ambulatory Autonomic Assessment and Intervention as a Catalyst in the Synergy of Remote Geocoded Biosensing, Algorithmic Networked Cloud Computing, Deep Learning, and Regenerative/Biomic Medicine: Further Real",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104092",signatures:"Robert L. Drury",slug:"new-and-emerging-technologies-for-integrative-ambulatory-autonomic-assessment-and-intervention-as-a-",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"81286",title:"Potassium Derangements: A Pathophysiological Review, Diagnostic Approach, and Clinical Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103016",signatures:"Sairah Sharif and Jie Tang",slug:"potassium-derangements-a-pathophysiological-review-diagnostic-approach-and-clinical-management",totalDownloads:24,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Potassium in Human Health",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10794.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"80895",title:"Heart Rate Variability as a Marker of Homeostatic Level",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102500",signatures:"Moacir Fernandes de Godoy and Michele Lima Gregório",slug:"heart-rate-variability-as-a-marker-of-homeostatic-level",totalDownloads:25,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Moacir",surname:"Godoy"},{name:"Michele",surname:"Gregório"}],book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"80433",title:"Heart Autonomic Nervous System: Basic Science and Clinical Implications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101718",signatures:"Elvan Wiyarta and Nayla Karima",slug:"heart-autonomic-nervous-system-basic-science-and-clinical-implications",totalDownloads:50,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"80316",title:"Central Control of the Larynx in Mammals",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102009",signatures:"Manuel Víctor López-González, Marta González-García, Laura Carrillo-Franco, Amelia Díaz-Casares and Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner",slug:"central-control-of-the-larynx-in-mammals",totalDownloads:36,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"80402",title:"General Anesthesia and Autonomic Nervous System: Control and Management in Neurosurgery",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101829",signatures:"Irina Alexandrovna Savvina, Anna Olegovna Petrova and Yulia Mikhailovna Zabrodskaya",slug:"general-anesthesia-and-autonomic-nervous-system-control-and-management-in-neurosurgery",totalDownloads:58,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"80035",title:"Healthy Lifestyle, Autonomic Nervous System Activity, and Sleep Status for Healthy Aging",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101837",signatures:"Miki Sato, Feni Betriana, Ryuichi Tanioka, Kyoko Osaka, Tetsuya Tanioka and Savina Schoenhofer",slug:"healthy-lifestyle-autonomic-nervous-system-activity-and-sleep-status-for-healthy-aging",totalDownloads:60,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"80175",title:"Signaling Pathways Regulating Axogenesis and Dendritogenesis in Sympathetic Neurons",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102442",signatures:"Vidya Chandrasekaran",slug:"signaling-pathways-regulating-axogenesis-and-dendritogenesis-in-sympathetic-neurons",totalDownloads:68,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Vidya",surname:"Chandrasekaran"}],book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"80176",title:"Impacts of Environmental Stressors on Autonomic Nervous System",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101842",signatures:"Mayowa Adeniyi",slug:"impacts-of-environmental-stressors-on-autonomic-nervous-system",totalDownloads:66,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"79655",title:"The Autonomic Nervous System, Sex Differences, and Chronobiology under General Anesthesia in In Vivo Experiments Involving Rats",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101075",signatures:"Pavol Svorc Jr and Pavol Svorc",slug:"the-autonomic-nervous-system-sex-differences-and-chronobiology-under-general-anesthesia-in-in-vivo-e",totalDownloads:91,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Autonomic Nervous System - Special Interest Topics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10835.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"79194",title:"Potassium in Solid Cancers",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101108",signatures:"Jessica Iorio, Lisa Lastraioli and Elena Lastraioli",slug:"potassium-in-solid-cancers",totalDownloads:119,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Potassium in Human Health",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10794.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"78820",title:"Potassium Homeostasis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100368",signatures:"Shakuntala S. Patil and Sachin M. Patil",slug:"potassium-homeostasis",totalDownloads:108,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Potassium in Human Health",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10794.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}},{id:"78193",title:"Potassium and Cardiac Surgery",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99735",signatures:"Shawn Kant, Frank W. Sellke and Jun Feng",slug:"potassium-and-cardiac-surgery",totalDownloads:176,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Potassium in Human Health",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10794.jpg",subseries:{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10795",title:"Plant Stress Physiology",subtitle:"Perspectives in Agriculture",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10795.jpg",slug:"plant-stress-physiology-perspectives-in-agriculture",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mirza Hasanuzzaman and Kamran Nahar",hash:"c5a7932b74fe612b256bf95d0709756e",volumeInSeries:11,fullTitle:"Plant Stress Physiology - Perspectives in Agriculture",editors:[{id:"76477",title:"Prof.",name:"Mirza",middleName:null,surname:"Hasanuzzaman",slug:"mirza-hasanuzzaman",fullName:"Mirza Hasanuzzaman",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/76477/images/system/76477.png",institutionString:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",institution:{name:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Bangladesh"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[],lsSeriesList:[],hsSeriesList:[],sshSeriesList:[],subseriesList:[],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:null},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/13779",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"13779"},fullPath:"/chapters/13779",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()