\\n\\n
IntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\\n\\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\\n\\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\\n\\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\\n\\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\\n\\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\\n\\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\\n\\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\\n\\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"",originalUrl:"/media/original/237"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
After years of being acknowledged as the world's leading publisher of Open Access books, today, we are proud to announce we’ve successfully launched a portfolio of Open Science journals covering rapidly expanding areas of interdisciplinary research.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\n\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\n\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\n\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\n\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\n\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\n\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\n\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\n\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"9160",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Childbirth",title:"Childbirth",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"In 2015, there were about 135 million births globally. Each year, complications from pregnancy and childbirth result in about 500,000 maternal deaths, 7 million women have serious long-term problems, and 50 million women have negative health outcomes following delivery. Most of these occur in the developing world. This book discusses many aspects of childbirth and provides recommendations for improving maternal and fetal health. Chapters covers such topics as placental abruption, induced labor, low birth weight, prenatal education programs, and improving the birth space. Authors examine effects of air pollution, consanguineous marriage, and the use of traditional birth attendants on maternal morbidity and mortality.",isbn:"978-1-78985-962-1",printIsbn:"978-1-78985-961-4",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83962-779-8",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.83156",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"childbirth",numberOfPages:142,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"8a7e8e48791d2155bf6ef4c5c1c0075c",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric and Svetlana J. Milenkovic",publishedDate:"March 18th 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9160.jpg",numberOfDownloads:7389,numberOfWosCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitations:6,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:10,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:17,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 18th 2019",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 24th 2019",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"July 23rd 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 11th 2019",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 10th 2019",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/268043/images/system/268043.jpg",biography:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric was born in Serbia. She graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia, in 1989, and completed a specialization in Pediatrics at the University Children\\'s Hospital, Belgrade, in 1999. She completed her specialization in Neonatology in 2003. Dr. Jovandaric completed her master’s thesis on 'Analysis of lipid infants of women suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)” in 2006 and her doctoral dissertation on 'Effect of hypoxia on electrolyte and lipid levels in term newborns” in 2018, both at the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade. She is the author and co-author of eighty-four scientific papers presented at national and international conferences and published in scientific journals. Dr. Jovandaric is currently head of the Department of Sick Newborns at the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Neonatology, Clinical Centre of Serbia.",institutionString:"Klinički centar Srbije",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"4",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Klinički centar Srbije",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Serbia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"275297",title:"Dr.",name:"Svetlana",middleName:null,surname:"J. Milenkovic",slug:"svetlana-j.-milenkovic",fullName:"Svetlana J. Milenkovic",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275297/images/12334_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Svetlana Milenkovic was born in 1960. In 1983, she graduated from School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, and received her M.D. Later on (1992), she did her specialization in Pediatrics, and her Postgraduate in endocrinology (School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1998). Dr. Milenkovic, did her subspecialization in Neonatology in 2018, and defended her Doctorial dissertation in 2017 (School of Medicine, University of Belgrade). From 1983-2001 she was acting as MD and pediatrician working at Health Center Bor. In 1990 until 1992 she was a Resident in pediatics, at the Institute for Mother and Child, Belgrade. At the Clinical- Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, she worked as a Pediatrician, in the Department of Neonatology (2001-2008). Dr. Milenkovic was also a Resident in neonatology, at the University Children's Hospital, Belgrade and Institute for Neonatology, Belgrade (2005-2006); and in 2007 a Resident in School of Ultrasound, University Children'ss Hospital, Belgrade. From December 2008, she is working as a Neonatologist at Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. Since 1998, Dr. Milenkovic has been a member of Pediatric Chapter of Serbian Medical Society. Her research interest include: Neonatal nutrition, Neonatal endocrinology and metabolism, and Ultrasound investigations in neonatology. Dr. Milenkovic has participated in numerous congresses and meetings, and presented posters and oral presentations. She has several published articles in different medical journals.",institutionString:"Clinical Center of Serbia",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:null},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"189",title:"Obstetrics and Gynecology",slug:"obstetrics-and-gynecology"}],chapters:[{id:"66413",title:"Methods for Prenatal Sex Determination and Their Importance in Understanding and Prevention of Gender-Related Birth Defects",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.85041",slug:"methods-for-prenatal-sex-determination-and-their-importance-in-understanding-and-prevention-of-gende",totalDownloads:1385,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Various hormones, chemicals, and teratogenic agents exhibit gender-related effects in utero as well as postnatally. Among such gender-specific teratogens are endocrine disruptors, especially phthalates that affect male gonads, diabetes-induced oxidative stress with more deleterious effects on male offspring, procarbazine-induced cleft palate affecting more male fetal rats compared to females, and VPA-induced autism-like behavior that affects differently males than females. Hence, there are many needs for the accurate determination of genetic gender. In newborn animals, the morphological methods that exist for sex determination (i.e., anogenital distance) are generally inaccurate. Hence, an accurate and simple method for the prenatal and early postnatal assessment of the genetic sex, prior to reliable evaluation from the external genitalia, is of utmost importance. Indeed, several methods have been developed for accurate assessment of genetic sex, which are discussed in this chapter. Findings from studies in our laboratory have shown that the method described by McFarlan et al. for the assessment of genetic sex in adult mice by PCR of Sly/Xlr genes can be reliably used for the genetic sex determination of any tissue, including embryos and fetuses, with an accuracy of about 100%.",signatures:"Asher Ornoy, Liza Weinstein-Fudim and Zivanit Ergaz",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/66413",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/66413",authors:[{id:"28404",title:"Dr.",name:"Asher",surname:"Ornoy",slug:"asher-ornoy",fullName:"Asher Ornoy"},{id:"67629",title:"Dr.",name:"Zivanit",surname:"Ergaz",slug:"zivanit-ergaz",fullName:"Zivanit Ergaz"},{id:"290805",title:"Mrs.",name:"Liza",surname:"Weinstein-Fudim",slug:"liza-weinstein-fudim",fullName:"Liza Weinstein-Fudim"}],corrections:null},{id:"69150",title:"Influences the Aeromath in the Way of Ending Births",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89285",slug:"influences-the-aeromath-in-the-way-of-ending-births",totalDownloads:688,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Air pollution represents a significant health problem in the Czech Republic (CR). Originally, the most polluted region was Northern Bohemia, later Northern Moravia. These specific conditions were used to study the impact of air pollution to children in those two regions. In Northern Bohemia, the impact of the increased concentrations of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) to fetal growth was observed, expressed as intrauterine growth retardation and impact of air pollution to respiratory morbidity and neurodevelopment in children. In Northern Moravia was studied the effect of air pollution to the morbidity of preschool children; to asthma bronchiale—gene expression, children susceptibility to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P); to genetic damage in newborns; concentrations of PAHs in the urine of mothers and newborns, content of PAHs in human breast milk and diet.",signatures:"Radim J. Sram, Milos Veleminsky, Jr and Milos Veleminsky",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69150",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69150",authors:[{id:"306183",title:"Dr.",name:"Radim J.",surname:"Sram",slug:"radim-j.-sram",fullName:"Radim J. Sram"},{id:"311891",title:"Dr.",name:"Milos",surname:"Veleminsky, Jr.",slug:"milos-veleminsky-jr.",fullName:"Milos Veleminsky, Jr."},{id:"311892",title:"Prof.",name:"Milos",surname:"Veleminsky",slug:"milos-veleminsky",fullName:"Milos Veleminsky"}],corrections:null},{id:"69000",title:"Placenta Abruption and Delivery Method",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89173",slug:"placenta-abruption-and-delivery-method",totalDownloads:898,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Placental abruption is a significant contributor to maternal mortality worldwide. Early and skilled medical intervention is needed to ensure a good outcome, and this is not available in many parts of the world. Abruptio placentae are defined as the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus. Placental abruption must be considered whenever bleeding is encountered in the second half of pregnancy, since it is a significant cause of third-trimester bleeding associated with fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. If the bleeding persists, fetal and maternal distress may develop. Fetal and maternal death may occur if appropriate interventions are not undertaken. The severity of fetal distress correlates with the degree of placental separation. In near-complete or complete abruption, fetal death is inevitable unless an immediate cesarean delivery is undertaken.",signatures:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric and Svetlana J. Milenkovic",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69000",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69000",authors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"},{id:"275297",title:"Dr.",name:"Svetlana",surname:"J. Milenkovic",slug:"svetlana-j.-milenkovic",fullName:"Svetlana J. Milenkovic"}],corrections:null},{id:"68049",title:"Childbirth Education: Comparative Analysis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88021",slug:"childbirth-education-comparative-analysis",totalDownloads:625,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Prenatal education programs are a powerful tool to increase maternal and child health. Today, no one knows the most effective educational approach. The objective of the study is to identify differences in approaching and methodology of major schools of childbirth education. Methodology includes the review of the databases such as PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Scielo and Cochrane since 2000; review the websites of the schools; study the documentation using the comparative method; and analysis using a database with Excel. Results analyzed and compared the five old one schools and 12 of emerging new one schools. The chapter concludes the conceptual approach and methodology of the schools, which can facilitate the choice for professionals and research design to increase the quality of programs.",signatures:"Matilde Fernández Fernández-Arroyo",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68049",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68049",authors:[{id:"301191",title:"Dr.",name:"Matilde",surname:"Fernández Fernández-Arroyo",slug:"matilde-fernandez-fernandez-arroyo",fullName:"Matilde Fernández Fernández-Arroyo"}],corrections:null},{id:"70961",title:"Consanguinity Marriage Increases Risk of Newborn’s Congenital Anomalies in Sulaimani City",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89257",slug:"consanguinity-marriage-increases-risk-of-newborn-s-congenital-anomalies-in-sulaimani-city",totalDownloads:656,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Consanguineous marriage may cause the transfer of two recessive defective mechanisms, one from the mother and the other from the father, to offspring, which may cause the appearance of congenital anomalies. This study is aimed at determining the role of consanguineous marriage with congenital anomalies and their types in Sulaimani City. This is a retrospective case-control study based on hospital records. The study was conducted in Maternity Teaching Hospital of Sulaimani City from January 1 to December 31 of 2018. A record of 522 neonates (260 newborns with CA and 262 newborns with the absence of CA) were delivered from the Maternity Teaching Hospital and all private hospitals which were collected from the statistic section of the maternal and child care unit of the Preventive Health Department. The sample of neonates without congenital anomalies was collected randomly from hospital records, and stillbirth was excluded. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages, while for numeric variables mean and the standard deviation were used. Chi-square test was applied to compare categorical variables and odds ratios using STATA 12. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant if p smaller than 0.001 was reported as < 0.001. The mean age of the newborn children with CA was (1.79, SD 2.04) and for the mother’s cases was (29.59, SD 4.97). The commonest type of CA was congenital heart disease (25%); low birth weight and gender were statistically associated with types of CA (χ2 = 30.53 and p = 0.006 vs. χ2 = 45.3, p = <0.000, respectively). There was a significant correlation between parental marriage with anomalies (OR, 1.83, p = 0.001) and increase mothers age 30 years and over (OR, 2.56, p = 0.03). For eliminating this problem, there is an urgent need for educating unmarried people on the deleterious effects of consanguineous marriage, especially in Sulaimani City with high overall consanguinity rates.",signatures:"Niaz Mustafa Kamal",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70961",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70961",authors:[{id:"303974",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Niaz",surname:"Mustafa Kamal",slug:"niaz-mustafa-kamal",fullName:"Niaz Mustafa Kamal"}],corrections:null},{id:"69987",title:"Low Birth Weight and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89049",slug:"low-birth-weight-and-adverse-perinatal-outcomes",totalDownloads:941,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Globally, annually an estimated 15–20% of all births are low birth weight (LBW). Low birth weights are at a greater risk of neonatal and postneonatal mortality and morbidities. Therefore, this chapter is aimed to highlight the prevalence of low birth weight, predictors and adverse perinatal outcomes, and the respective possible prevention modalities. Sociodemographic, obstetric (previous abortion, hypertensive disorder, antenatal visits, and prematurity), and nutritional factors increased the risk of low birth weight. Low birth weight neonates were associated with adverse perinatal and childhood outcomes: low Apgar score, neonatal death, malnutrition, academic, and mental disorders. Improving the care of women who have previous or recent morbidities, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and prematurity should be priorities aimed at reducing low birth weight and its adverse perinatal outcomes. Incorporating mental health in the prenatal visit, improving the care for a high-risk pregnant woman, and community-based kangaroo mother care practice were also recommended.",signatures:"Melaku Desta",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69987",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69987",authors:[{id:"304006",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Melaku",surname:"Desta",slug:"melaku-desta",fullName:"Melaku Desta"}],corrections:null},{id:"69551",title:"Towards Salutogenetic Birth Space",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89771",slug:"towards-salutogenetic-birth-space",totalDownloads:777,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"How can we improve the birth space to protect the normal physiological birth; how do we enable, preserve and promote it? The place where childbirth takes place, including the persons in this space, affects a woman’s well-being (she feels safe, connected, relaxed or scared, strained or endangered) and the way she responds as an incarnate being and also influences the course of childbirth. According to the effects of the place of giving birth, we distinguish between pathogenetic—experienced by the woman giving birth as dangerous, even hostile—and salutogenetic effects with “birthing shelter” characteristics. Modern findings of different disciplines (physiology, architecture, neuroscience, social and evolutional anthropology and culturology) contribute to our understanding of the complexity of childbirth, the needs of the woman and her baby and lead to maternity hospitals being designed as places of support for the holistic health of both; they also present basic recommendations for transforming maternity hospitals into salutogenetic birth places. We present changes that are taking place in the design of birth spaces and research results that are encouraging, supporting birth physiology at its best.",signatures:"Zalka Drglin",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69551",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69551",authors:[{id:"170766",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Zalka",surname:"Drglin",slug:"zalka-drglin",fullName:"Zalka Drglin"}],corrections:null},{id:"69193",title:"Induction of Labor: Review of Pros, Cons, and Controversies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89237",slug:"induction-of-labor-review-of-pros-cons-and-controversies",totalDownloads:686,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Although induction of labor (IOL) has increased over the years, corresponding improvements in perinatal outcomes have not occurred. IOL may result in increased risks for mother and baby, due to factors like gestational age (GA), Bishop score of cervix, and the methods used. Failed IOL resulting in increased cesarean sections may be due to unripe cervix, inadequate Pitocin use, and incorrect patient choice. Medically indicated IOL does not require awaiting 39 weeks GA. Nonmedically indicated IOL prior to 39 weeks GA may result in neonatal morbidity. Patients at 39 weeks GA can be induced electively and need not await labor. Cervical ripening methods include vaginal, oral, or IV medications and can be administered as outpatients rather than in hospitals, in order to decrease financial and time constraints. Ethical issues regarding indications, GA, choice of agent, location of cervical ripening, and failed IOL can have an impact on healthcare resources.",signatures:"Donald Morrish and Iffath Abbasi Hoskins",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69193",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69193",authors:[{id:"236201",title:"Dr.",name:"Donald",surname:"Morrish",slug:"donald-morrish",fullName:"Donald Morrish"},{id:"306014",title:"M.D.",name:"Iffath Abbasi",surname:"Hoskins",slug:"iffath-abbasi-hoskins",fullName:"Iffath Abbasi Hoskins"}],corrections:null},{id:"70849",title:"Preventing Maternal Mortality during Childbirth: The Scourge of Delivery with Unskilled Birth Attendants",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90463",slug:"preventing-maternal-mortality-during-childbirth-the-scourge-of-delivery-with-unskilled-birth-attenda",totalDownloads:733,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The death of a woman during childbirth is devastating. The Sustainable Development Goals aim to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 births. No country is expected to have a maternal mortality ratio of more than twice the global average. In settings with weak health systems and suboptimal service delivery, more and more women continue to utilize traditional birth attendants during childbirth. Traditional birth attendants are unskilled and unable to prevent or treat the complications during pregnancy or childbirth that leads to maternal deaths. Every effort must be made to prevent maternal mortality. This chapter utilizes qualitative research methodology and discusses the challenges of preventing maternal deaths in a setting where women routinely utilize traditional birth attendants. The reasons for the persistence of the traditional birth attendants are examined. 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Review",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103053",slug:"recent-advances-in-nano-enabled-fertilizers-towards-sustainable-agriculture-and-environment-a-mini-r",body:'The ascent in worldwide populace, joined with further developed pay also dietary changes, is driving a consistently expanding food request that is relied upon to ascend by 70% in 2050 [1]. Agriculture is the significant wellspring of food and feed for people and homegrown creatures. In any case, rural yield bugs, environmental change occasions like dry spell, and low supplement use productivity are critical deterrents to accomplishing worldwide food security [2]. More than 22,000 types of plant microbes, weeds, bugs and vermin are assaulting ranch produce globally [3]. Annually, China also the United States use around 1806 and 386 a huge number of kilograms of pesticides, individually. However, financial misfortunes brought about by crop infections and vermin in the United States are assessed at a few billions of dollars every year. In the United States, endeavors to battle contagious microbes alone surpass $600 million for every annum [4, 5]. This degree of financial misfortune also shortcoming in food creation keep on frustrating endeavors pointed towards accomplishing and keeping up with food security [4]. The board of plant infections and nuisances is especially difficult, both as far as ideal recognizable proof of infection and because of the predetermined number of administration choices.
The best methodology among the regular techniques for illness the board procedures is the turn of events of host opposition crop varieties [6]. However, not all crops intrinsically have obstruction qualities against pathogenic infections what’s more there keeps on being huge cultural disquiet over hereditarily changed food sources. These sources contain like copper, manganese along with zinc as a micro elemental metals in farm safeguard. Nonetheless, based on viability of regular compost having specific revisions obstructed, due to existence of minimum supplement required in which would be impartial solubility [7, 8]. There has been interest in the utilization of nanotechnology in horticulture for almost 15 years, in spite of the fact that effective application has been to some degree tricky. By the by, the utilization of designed nanomaterials (ENMs) in plant infection the executives and soil treatment has earned expanded interest as of late, with different reports illustrating critical potential. Various ENMs have been accounted for to further develop development, improve supplement use proficiency, and stifle sicknesses in plants in nursery tests and a modest number of field trials [9, 10] also, the utilization of ENMs as an expected option in the insurance of plants against bugs and weeds is acquiring interest, albeit hardly any investigations have been led in this area [11]. This audit assesses current potential open doors for the utilization of ENMs in horticulture, zeroing in on nanotechnology-empowered manures and pesticides (counting microbicides, bug sprays and herbicides), from now on alluded to as nanofertilizers and nanopesticides. A number of the detailed articles were fundamentally assessed in view of the adequacy of ENMs utilized in the examination, the trial plan, possible ecological effects, and relative correlation with traditional business items. Notwithstanding reviewing the current writing, a conversation of potential instruments of activity is incorporated (Figures 1–5), just as points of view on information holes to be filled, before the effective what’s more economical use of nanotechnology in farming.
Schematic representation approach for distribution and accumulation of nanofertilizers in crops.
Schematic portrayal of the conceivable take-up system, aggregation, and circulation of nanofertilizers in crops.
Techniques for the union of nanofertilizers. Physical (hierarchical), synthetic (base up) and natural drew closer for the development of nanofertilizers.
Systems of activity of nanobiofertilizers in crops. A graph showing the major useful impacts of nanobiofertilizers.
Benefits and constraints of nanofertilizers. A right utilization of nanofertilizers to further develop crop yields needs before market execution a cautious assessment not just of their benefits for the physiology of plants, yet in addition of their expected impediments for the climate and human wellbeing its societical impact.
The agriculture area today is confronting an exceptional strain for accomplishing extensive effectiveness in food security utilizing options to synthetic manures [12]. New methodologies and advancements are required in the event that worldwide agricultural creation and request are to be satisfied in a financially and naturally supportable way.
Materials that are of up to 100 nm molecule size in somewhere around one aspect are for the most part delegated nanomaterials [13, 14, 15] and are the reason for nanotechnology [15]. Different sorts of various metals are consisting of their nanotechnological applications [16, 17, 18, 19].
Given the novel properties of nanomaterials for example, high surface-to-volume proportion, controlled-discharge energy to designated destinations and sorption limit, nanotechnology has a high significance for the plan and utilization of new manures [8].
Nanofertilizers are supplements exemplified/covered with nanomaterial for the control and slow conveyance of at least one supplements to fulfill the objective supplement prerequisites of plants [20]. These “brilliant composts” are right now being viewed as a promising option [21], to the limit that they are in a few cases viewed as the favored type of manures over the customary ones [22, 23].
Plants need a few fundamental supplements (macronutrients and micronutrients) for solid development and yield. Assuming there is lacking one of those fundamental parts, then, at that point, the plant will be unable to develop from the seed appropriately. Be that as it may, the presence of an overabundance measure of supplements can likewise hurt plants. A satisfactory inventory of these supplements to fulfill the needs of the essential cell process is a difficult matter. Consequently, a legitimate and explicit conveyance of supplements is severely needed for plants to finish their life cycle. At the point when the mineral supplements were consumed by the plant have many capacities to play in the plant’s body. They can assist with making and arrange plant tissue. They are the constituents of different proteins, colors, catalysts, and engaged with cell flagging and digestion. Till now 17 components (N, P, K, H, B, C, O, Mg, S, Cl, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo) have been recognized as fundamental supplements for plant development and advancement. Among them, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium are significant fundamental components required by the plant. They cannot be assimilated straightforwardly from the climate, yet plant retains them through their roots. In this manner, the nanoscale-aspect of nanofertilizers has turned into an innovative arrangement for supplement lack issues. Nanofertilizers are made out of a few nanoparticles including metal oxides, carbon based, also other nanoporous materials changing upon their synthesis and mix properties. It tends to be integrated by hierarchical (physical), base up (compound), and organic methodologies [14].
Nanofertilizers have turned into an incredible option for soil the executives to decrease the over-use of ordinary composts. Furthermore, the sluggish delivery component is offering the chance for utilizes as per development and natural status. Besides, nanofertilizers have shown incredible reaction to provoke plant development and usefulness yet take-up, movement, and gathering of utilizing nanoparticles is as yet not yet distinct.
There is a developing strain on the agribusiness area to satisfy the persistently expanding requests of the reliably developing human populace. Synthetic manures are believed to be key for further developing yield efficiency and are widely applied through various techniques. Notwithstanding, crop use is by and large not exactly 50% of the applied measure of manure, and the excess measure of minerals expected to arrive at the designated site might filter down, so that they become fixed in soil or add to water contamination. It has been accounted for that key macronutrient components, including N, P, and K, applied to the dirt are lost by 40–70%, 80–90% also 50–90%, separately [18], causing a significant loss of assets Besides, producers will quite often utilize rehashed uses of these manures to accomplish wanted more significant returns, which conversely can prompt a lessening in soil ripeness and increment salt focuses in this way causing future yield misfortunes. Besides, lopsided use of treatment without control on supplement delivery can weaken item quality. Consequently, it is urgent to grow slow/control discharge composts not exclusively to build crop creation and quality, yet in addition to improve the supportability in green creation. Nanofertilizer applications in farming might fill in as an open door to accomplish maintainability towards worldwide food creation. There is a huge food creation strain on the area as healthful lacks in human populaces are essentially a direct result of utilizing less nutritious food and a low dietary admission of products of the soil [18]. Significant advantages of nanofertilizers over traditional synthetic composts depend on their supplement conveyance framework [12]. They control the accessibility of supplements in crops through sluggish/control discharge instruments. Such a sluggish conveyance of supplements is related with the covering or solidifying of supplements with nanomaterials [10]. By taking benefit of this sluggish supplement conveyance, cultivators can build their crop development due to reliably long haul conveyance of supplements to plants. For instance, supplements can be delivered north of 40–50 days in a sluggish discharge style rather than the 4–10 days by the traditional manures [11]. In traditional supplement the board frameworks, a big part of the applied compost is lost in draining or becomes inaccessible for the plant on the grounds that of extreme accessibility preventing the roots to take-up or in some cases causing poisonous impacts on the plant. Besides, nanofertilizers diminish the requirement for transportation and application costs. Another benefit of utilizing little amounts is that the dirt does not get stacked with salts that typically are inclined to over-application utilizing regular composts on a short-or long haul premise. One more benefit for utilizing nanofertilizers is that they can be blended by the supplement necessities of expected yields. In such manner, biosensors can be appended to another inventive compost that controls the conveyance of the supplements as per soil supplement status, development time of a crop or natural conditions. Plants are touchy towards micronutrient accessibility during crop development and adverse consequences result as leafy foods with helpless nourishment. In regular supplement the executives framework, it is undeniably challenging to control the micronutrient conveyance to a particular yield, yet nanofertilizers give the open door to the producers for providing satisfactory measures of supplements [8].
For example, the majority of the plant developing regions overall are insufficient in specific micronutrients (for example Zn and Fe), so nanofertilizers can go about as powerful and proficient stronghold items for crop and new food items. Nanofertilzers increment the bioavailability of supplements through their high explicit surface region, smaller than normal size and high reactivity [12]. Then again, by giving adjusted sustenance, nanofertilizers empower the plant to battle different biotic and abiotic stresses, with by and large clear benefits [20, 21]. Nonetheless, the broad utilization of nanofertilizers in farming might have a few significant constraints, which should likewise be thought of and will be talked about later in detail.
Micronutrients are those components that are needed by the plant in follow/low amounts, however are fundamental to keep up with essential metabolic processes in plants [22, 23, 24, 25, 26]. Plant development is profoundly subject to zinc (Zn) since it is a primary part or administrative co-factor for different chemicals furthermore proteins [27]. This micronutrient is likewise engaged with the blend of carbs, protein digestion, and the guideline of auxins, and gives guard to plants against hurtful microbes [28]. Then again, boron (B) is not just engaged with the biosynthesis of plant cell divider and its lignification, yet additionally assumes a significant part in plant development and different other physiological cycles [29]. Subsequently, those are having basic nature legitimate measures the metallic (B and Zn) properties of accomplishing greatest recoveries with great assessment of their productivity [30]. Agriculture applications—i.e. additionally announced with respect to filled seeding in supplement arrangement in addition to elastic sort expanded through natural product recovery contrasted [31, 32]. Additionally, it was noticed an impressive yield increment utilizing Zn nanoparticles as a supplement source in rice, maize, wheat, potato, sugarcane and sunflower [15]. In addition, settled maghemite nanoparticles applied through water system in arrangement structure in soil as a nanofertilizer further developed the development rate and chlorophyll substance contrasted with the control (chelated iron) in
With regards to practical agribusiness, late advancement is without a doubt seeing the effective utilization of some nanofertilizers for accomplishing upgraded crop efficiency. Be that as it may, the intentional presentation of this innovation in rural exercises could result in numerous accidental non-reversible results [13]. In this situation, new natural and accidental wellbeing security issues can restrict the utilization of this innovation in plant harvests’ efficiency. Nanomaterial phytotoxicity is likewise an issue in such manner since various plants react distinctively to different nanomaterials in a portion subordinate way [38, 39, 40, 41, 42]. Consequently, it is urgent to think about the benefits of nanofertilizers, yet additionally their restrictions before market execution. Bioavailability just as accidental ecological effects upon openness to natural frameworks, limit their acknowledgment to reception in practical farming and the agriculture areas [8]. Hazard evaluation furthermore risk recognizable proof of the nanomaterials including nanomaterial or then again compost life cycle evaluation are basic just as building up needs for toxicological exploration. This is especially evident considering the amassing of nanoparticles in plants and potential wellbeing concerns. For sure, the utilization of nanofertilizers got from nanomaterials have raised genuine worries connected with sanitation, human and food security.
Nanofertilizers have a huge effect in the horticulture area for accomplishing improved usefulness and protection from abiotic stresses. Consequently, encouraging uses of nanofertilizers in the agrifood biotechnology what’s more cultivation areas cannot be ignored. Besides, the possible advantages of nanofertilizers have invigorated a incredible interest to expand the creation capability of rural harvests under the current environmental change situation. The fundamental financial advantages of the utilization of nanofertilizers are decreased draining and volatilization related with the utilization of customary manures. At the same time, the notable positive effect on yield and item quality has a gigantic potential to expand producers’ net revenue through the use of this innovation. Notwithstanding, regardless of the intriguing results of nanofertilizers in the field of farming, up until this point, their significance has not however been engaged towards attractiveness. Vulnerability connected with the cooperation of nanomaterials with the climate and expected impacts on human wellbeing should be investigated exhaustively prior to spreading nanofertilizers at a business scale. Future investigations should be centered around creating extensive information in these underexplored regions in request to present this clever wilderness in maintainable agribusiness. Thusly, nanofertilizer application wellbeing and the investigation of the harmfulness of various nanoparticles utilized for nanofertilizer creation should be an examination need. Besides, a top to bottom assessment of the impact of nanofertilizers in the dirts with various physio-substance properties is fundamental to suggest a particular nanofertilizer for a particular yield and soil type. Biosynthesized nanoparticles-based composts and nanobiofertilizers ought to be investigated further as a promising innovation to further develop yields while accomplishing supportability.
The researchers express their gratitude to Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (VIIT) and Vignan’s Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology (VIPT) for their inspiration and for sharing the article for publication.
There are no conflicts of interest declared by the authors.
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He has both an MS and Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering. He was previously a research scientist at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and visiting professor and researcher at the University of North Dakota. He is currently working in artificial intelligence and its applications in medical signal processing. In addition, he is using digital signal processing in medical imaging and speech processing. Dr. Asadpour has developed brain-computer interfacing algorithms and has published books, book chapters, and several journal and conference papers in this field and other areas of intelligent signal processing. He has also designed medical devices, including a laser Doppler monitoring system.",institutionString:"Kaiser Permanente Southern California",institution:null},{id:"169608",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Găiceanu",slug:"marian-gaiceanu",fullName:"Marian Găiceanu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169608/images/system/169608.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Marian Gaiceanu graduated from the Naval and Electrical Engineering Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania, in 1997. He received a Ph.D. (Magna Cum Laude) in Electrical Engineering in 2002. Since 2017, Dr. Gaiceanu has been a Ph.D. supervisor for students in Electrical Engineering. He has been employed at Dunarea de Jos University of Galati since 1996, where he is currently a professor. Dr. Gaiceanu is a member of the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, an expert of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Funding, and a member of the Senate of the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. He has been the head of the Integrated Energy Conversion Systems and Advanced Control of Complex Processes Research Center, Romania, since 2016. He has conducted several projects in power converter systems for electrical drives, power quality, PEM and SOFC fuel cell power converters for utilities, electric vehicles, and marine applications with the Department of Regulation and Control, SIEI S.pA. (2002–2004) and the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy (2002–2004, 2006–2007). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and cofounder-member of the IEEE Power Electronics Romanian Chapter. He is a guest editor at Energies and an academic book editor for IntechOpen. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science and Sustainability. Dr. Gaiceanu has been General Chairman of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the last six editions.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",biography:"Jaydip Sen is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Data Science. His research areas include security and privacy issues in computing and communication, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in the financial domain. He has more than 200 publications in reputed international journals, refereed conference proceedings, and 20 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Springer, CRC press, IGI Global, etc. Currently, he is serving on the editorial board of the prestigious journal Frontiers in Communications and Networks and in the technical program committees of a number of high-ranked international conferences organized by the IEEE, USA, and the ACM, USA. He has been listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world for the last three consecutive years, 2019 to 2021 as per studies conducted by the Stanford University, USA.",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null},{id:"320071",title:"Dr.",name:"Sidra",middleName:null,surname:"Mehtab",slug:"sidra-mehtab",fullName:"Sidra Mehtab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002v6KHoQAM/Profile_Picture_1584512086360",biography:"Sidra Mehtab has completed her BS with honors in Physics from Calcutta University, India in 2018. She has done MS in Data Science and Analytics from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Kolkata, India in 2020. Her research areas include Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer and Network Security with a particular focus on Cyber Security Analytics. Ms. Mehtab has published seven papers in international conferences and one of her papers has been accepted for publication in a reputable international journal. She has won the best paper awards in two prestigious international conferences – BAICONF 2019, and ICADCML 2021, organized in the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India in December 2019, and SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2021. Besides, Ms. Mehtab has also published two book chapters in two books. Seven of her book chapters will be published in a volume shortly in 2021 by Cambridge Scholars’ Press, UK. Currently, she is working as the joint editor of two edited volumes on Time Series Analysis and Forecasting to be published in the first half of 2021 by an international house. Currently, she is working as a Data Scientist with an MNC in Delhi, India.",institutionString:"NSHM College of Management and Technology",institution:null},{id:"226240",title:"Dr.",name:"Andri Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Rifai",slug:"andri-irfan-rifai",fullName:"Andri Irfan Rifai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226240/images/7412_n.jpg",biography:"Andri IRFAN is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering and Planning. He completed the PhD at the Universitas Indonesia & Universidade do Minho with Sandwich Program Scholarship from the Directorate General of Higher Education and LPDP scholarship. He has been teaching for more than 19 years and much active to applied his knowledge in the project construction in Indonesia. His research interest ranges from pavement management system to advanced data mining techniques for transportation engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in journals and 2 books.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universitas Internasional Batam",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"314576",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibai",middleName:null,surname:"Laña",slug:"ibai-lana",fullName:"Ibai Laña",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314576/images/system/314576.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ibai Laña works at TECNALIA as a data analyst. He received his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain, in 2018. He is currently a senior researcher at TECNALIA. His research interests fall within the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, machine learning, traffic data analysis, and data science. He has dealt with urban traffic forecasting problems, applying machine learning models and evolutionary algorithms. He has experience in origin-destination matrix estimation or point of interest and trajectory detection. Working with large volumes of data has given him a good command of big data processing tools and NoSQL databases. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"314575",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"L. Lobo",slug:"jesus-l.-lobo",fullName:"Jesus L. Lobo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314575/images/system/314575.png",biography:"Dr. Jesús López is currently based in Bilbao (Spain) working at TECNALIA as Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist. In most cases, a project idea or a new research line needs to be investigated to see if it is good enough to take into production or to focus on it. That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"103779",title:"Prof.",name:"Yalcin",middleName:null,surname:"Isler",slug:"yalcin-isler",fullName:"Yalcin Isler",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRyQ8QAK/Profile_Picture_1628834958734",biography:"Yalcin Isler (1971 - Burdur / Turkey) received the B.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2009, and the Competence of Associate Professorship from the Turkish Interuniversity Council in 2019.\n\nHe was Lecturer at Burdur Vocational School in Suleyman Demirel University (1993-2000, Burdur / Turkey), Software Engineer (2000-2002, Izmir / Turkey), Research Assistant in Bulent Ecevit University (2002-2003, Zonguldak / Turkey), Research Assistant in Dokuz Eylul University (2003-2010, Izmir / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Bulent Ecevit University (2010-2012, Zonguldak / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Izmir Katip Celebi University (2012-2019, Izmir / Turkey). He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir / Turkey, since 2019. In addition to academics, he has also founded Islerya Medical and Information Technologies Company, Izmir / Turkey, since 2017.\n\nHis main research interests cover biomedical signal processing, pattern recognition, medical device design, programming, and embedded systems. He has many scientific papers and participated in several projects in these study fields. He was an IEEE Student Member (2009-2011) and IEEE Member (2011-2014) and has been IEEE Senior Member since 2014.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"310576",title:"Prof.",name:"Erick Giovani",middleName:null,surname:"Sperandio Nascimento",slug:"erick-giovani-sperandio-nascimento",fullName:"Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y00002pDKxDQAW/ProfilePicture%202022-06-20%2019%3A57%3A24.788",biography:"Prof. Erick Sperandio is the Lead Researcher and professor of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at SENAI CIMATEC, Bahia, Brazil, also working with Computational Modeling (CM) and HPC. He holds a PhD in Environmental Engineering in the area of Atmospheric Computational Modeling, a Master in Informatics in the field of Computational Intelligence and Graduated in Computer Science from UFES. He currently coordinates, leads and participates in R&D projects in the areas of AI, computational modeling and supercomputing applied to different areas such as Oil and Gas, Health, Advanced Manufacturing, Renewable Energies and Atmospheric Sciences, advising undergraduate, master's and doctoral students. He is the Lead Researcher at SENAI CIMATEC's Reference Center on Artificial Intelligence. In addition, he is a Certified Instructor and University Ambassador of the NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute (DLI) in the areas of Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing and Recommender Systems, and Principal Investigator of the NVIDIA/CIMATEC AI Joint Lab, the first in Latin America within the NVIDIA AI Technology Center (NVAITC) worldwide program. He also works as a researcher at the Supercomputing Center for Industrial Innovation (CS2i) and at the SENAI Institute of Innovation for Automation (ISI Automação), both from SENAI CIMATEC. He is a member and vice-coordinator of the Basic Board of Scientific-Technological Advice and Evaluation, in the area of Innovation, of the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB). He serves as Technology Transfer Coordinator and one of the Principal Investigators at the National Applied Research Center in Artificial Intelligence (CPA-IA) of SENAI CIMATEC, focusing on Industry, being one of the six CPA-IA in Brazil approved by MCTI / FAPESP / CGI.br. He also participates as one of the representatives of Brazil in the BRICS Innovation Collaboration Working Group on HPC, ICT and AI. He is the coordinator of the Work Group of the Axis 5 - Workforce and Training - of the Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (EBIA), and member of the MCTI/EMBRAPII AI Innovation Network Training Committee. He is the coordinator, by SENAI CIMATEC, of the Artificial Intelligence Reference Network of the State of Bahia (REDE BAH.IA). He leads the working group of experts representing Brazil in the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), on the theme \"AI and the Pandemic Response\".",institutionString:"Manufacturing and Technology Integrated Campus – SENAI CIMATEC",institution:null},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. 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He then worked as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Science of the same University until 1984. In 1985, Prof. Iadarola became Associate Professor at the Department of Biology and Biotechnologies of the University of Pavia and retired in October 2017. Since then, he has been working as an Adjunct Professor in the same Department at the University of Pavia. His research activity during the first years was primarily focused on the purification and structural characterization of enzymes from animal and plant sources. During this period, Prof. Iadarola familiarized himself with the conventional techniques used in column chromatography, spectrophotometry, manual Edman degradation, and electrophoresis). Since 1995, he has been working on: i) the determination in biological fluids (serum, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum) of proteolytic activities involved in the degradation processes of connective tissue matrix, and ii) on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. In this context, he has developed and validated new methodologies (e.g., Capillary Electrophoresis coupled to Laser-Induced Fluorescence, CE-LIF) whose application enabled him to determine both the amounts of biochemical markers (Desmosines) in urine/serum of patients affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (Human Neutrophil Elastase, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in sputa of these patients. More recently, Prof. Iadarola was involved in developing techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2DE-LC/MS) for the proteomic analysis of biological fluids aimed at the identification of potential biomarkers of different lung diseases. He is the author of about 150 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; Total citations: 1568- According to WOS: H-Index: 20; Total Citations: 1296) of peer-reviewed international journals. He is a Consultant Reviewer for several journals, including the Journal of Chromatography A, Journal of Chromatography B, Plos ONE, Proteomes, International Journal of Molecular Science, Biotech, Electrophoresis, and others. 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Biochemistry examines macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids – and their building blocks, structures, functions, and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins, and hormones, which play roles in life processes. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting classical chemistry methods, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the ‘big data’ omics systems. Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying, and examining individual components of a biological system; in the apt words of Efraim Racker (1913 –1991), “Don’t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes.” Today, however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe entirely particular biological systems. The ‘big data’ metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the comprising proteins, e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment, e.g., the bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address the current research on biomolecules and the emerging trends with great promise.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/11.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"June 29th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfPublishedChapters:318,numberOfPublishedBooks:32,editor:{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},subseries:[{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology",keywords:"Omics (Transcriptomics; Proteomics; Metabolomics), Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Signal Transduction and Regulation, Cell Growth and Differentiation, Apoptosis, Necroptosis, Ferroptosis, Autophagy, Cell Cycle, Macromolecules and Complexes, Gene Expression",scope:"The Cell and Molecular Biology topic within the IntechOpen Biochemistry Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of cell and molecular biology, including aspects related to biochemical and genetic research (not only in humans but all living beings). We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics include, but are not limited to: Advanced techniques of cellular and molecular biology (Molecular methodologies, imaging techniques, and bioinformatics); Biological activities at the molecular level; Biological processes of cell functions, cell division, senescence, maintenance, and cell death; Biomolecules interactions; Cancer; Cell biology; Chemical biology; Computational biology; Cytochemistry; Developmental biology; Disease mechanisms and therapeutics; DNA, and RNA metabolism; Gene functions, genetics, and genomics; Genetics; Immunology; Medical microbiology; Molecular biology; Molecular genetics; Molecular processes of cell and organelle dynamics; Neuroscience; Protein biosynthesis, degradation, and functions; Regulation of molecular interactions in a cell; Signalling networks and system biology; Structural biology; Virology and microbiology.",annualVolume:11410,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/14.jpg",editor:{id:"165627",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Espinosa",fullName:"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165627/images/system/165627.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"79367",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Flores",fullName:"Ana Isabel Flores",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRpIOQA0/Profile_Picture_1632418099564",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"328234",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Palavecino",fullName:"Christian Palavecino",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000030DhEhQAK/Profile_Picture_1628835318625",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Central University of Chile",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Chile"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",keywords:"Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oils, Modification of Biomolecules, Glycobiology, Combinatorial Chemistry, Therapeutic peptides, Enzyme Inhibitors",scope:"Chemical biology spans the fields of chemistry and biology involving the application of biological and chemical molecules and techniques. In recent years, the application of chemistry to biological molecules has gained significant interest in medicinal and pharmacological studies. This topic will be devoted to understanding the interplay between biomolecules and chemical compounds, their structure and function, and their potential applications in related fields. Being a part of the biochemistry discipline, the ideas and concepts that have emerged from Chemical Biology have affected other related areas. This topic will closely deal with all emerging trends in this discipline.",annualVolume:11411,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/15.jpg",editor:{id:"441442",title:"Dr.",name:"Şükrü",middleName:null,surname:"Beydemir",fullName:"Şükrü Beydemir",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003GsUoIQAV/Profile_Picture_1634557147521",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Anadolu University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorTwo:{id:"13652",title:"Prof.",name:"Deniz",middleName:null,surname:"Ekinci",fullName:"Deniz Ekinci",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYLT1QAO/Profile_Picture_1634557223079",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ondokuz Mayıs University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"219081",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdulsamed",middleName:null,surname:"Kükürt",fullName:"Abdulsamed Kükürt",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/219081/images/system/219081.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kafkas University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"241413",title:"Dr.",name:"Azhar",middleName:null,surname:"Rasul",fullName:"Azhar Rasul",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRT1oQAG/Profile_Picture_1635251978933",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Government College University, Faisalabad",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"178316",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Sedykh",fullName:"Sergey Sedykh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178316/images/system/178316.jfif",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Novosibirsk State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Russia"}}}]},{id:"17",title:"Metabolism",keywords:"Biomolecules Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Metabolic Pathways, Key Metabolic Enzymes, Metabolic Adaptation",scope:"Metabolism is frequently defined in biochemistry textbooks as the overall process that allows living systems to acquire and use the free energy they need for their vital functions or the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. Behind these definitions are hidden all the aspects of normal and pathological functioning of all processes that the topic ‘Metabolism’ will cover within the Biochemistry Series. Thus all studies on metabolism will be considered for publication.",annualVolume:11413,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/17.jpg",editor:{id:"138626",title:"Dr.",name:"Yannis",middleName:null,surname:"Karamanos",fullName:"Yannis Karamanos",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6Jv2QAE/Profile_Picture_1629356660984",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Artois University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"243049",title:"Dr.",name:"Anca",middleName:null,surname:"Pantea Stoian",fullName:"Anca Pantea Stoian",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243049/images/system/243049.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"203824",title:"Dr.",name:"Attilio",middleName:null,surname:"Rigotti",fullName:"Attilio Rigotti",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Pontifical Catholic University of Chile",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Chile"}}},{id:"300470",title:"Dr.",name:"Yanfei (Jacob)",middleName:null,surname:"Qi",fullName:"Yanfei (Jacob) Qi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/300470/images/system/300470.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}}]},{id:"18",title:"Proteomics",keywords:"Mono- and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (1-and 2-DE), Liquid Chromatography (LC), Mass Spectrometry/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS; MS/MS), Proteins",scope:"With the recognition that the human genome cannot provide answers to the etiology of a disorder, changes in the proteins expressed by a genome became a focus in research. Thus proteomics, an area of research that detects all protein forms expressed in an organism, including splice isoforms and post-translational modifications, is more suitable than genomics for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical processes that govern life. The most common proteomics applications are currently in the clinical field for the identification, in a variety of biological matrices, of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of disorders. From the comparison of proteomic profiles of control and disease or different physiological states, which may emerge, changes in protein expression can provide new insights into the roles played by some proteins in human pathologies. Understanding how proteins function and interact with each other is another goal of proteomics that makes this approach even more intriguing. Specialized technology and expertise are required to assess the proteome of any biological sample. Currently, proteomics relies mainly on mass spectrometry (MS) combined with electrophoretic (1 or 2-DE-MS) and/or chromatographic techniques (LC-MS/MS). MS is an excellent tool that has gained popularity in proteomics because of its ability to gather a complex body of information such as cataloging protein expression, identifying protein modification sites, and defining protein interactions. The Proteomics topic aims to attract contributions on all aspects of MS-based proteomics that, by pushing the boundaries of MS capabilities, may address biological problems that have not been resolved yet.",annualVolume:11414,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/18.jpg",editor:{id:"200689",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Iadarola",fullName:"Paolo Iadarola",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSCl8QAG/Profile_Picture_1623568118342",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201414",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Viglio",fullName:"Simona Viglio",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKDHQA4/Profile_Picture_1630402531487",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",middleName:null,surname:"Parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/72288/images/system/72288.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"40928",title:"Dr.",name:"Cesar",middleName:null,surname:"Lopez-Camarillo",fullName:"Cesar Lopez-Camarillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40928/images/3884_n.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"81926",title:"Dr.",name:"Shymaa",middleName:null,surname:"Enany",fullName:"Shymaa Enany",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/81926/images/system/81926.png",institutionString:"Suez Canal University",institution:{name:"Suez Canal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/chapters/13509",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"13509"},fullPath:"/chapters/13509",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()