Brajesh Kumar

By Marcelo Grijalva, María José Vallejo-López, Lizeth Salazar, Javier Camacho and Brajesh Kumar

Cell models for the study of antiproliferative and/or cytotoxic properties of engineered nanoparticles are valuable tools in cancer research. Several techniques and methods are readily available for the study of nanoparticles’ properties regarding selective toxicity and/or antiproliferative effects. Setting up of those techniques, however, needs to be carefully monitored. Harmonization of the wide range of methods available is necessary for assay comparison and replicability. Although individual or core laboratory capabilities play a role in selection and availability of techniques, data arising from cancer cell models are useful in guiding further research. The variety of cell lines available and the diversity of metabolic routes involved in cell responses make in vitro cell models suitable for the study of the biological effect of nanoparticles at the cell level and a valid approach for further in vivo and clinical studies. The present systematic review looks at the in vitro biological effects of different types of nanoparticles in cancer cell models.

Part of the book: Unraveling the Safety Profile of Nanoscale Particles and Materials

By Brajesh Kumar

Nanotechnology is one of the most interesting areas concerned with consumer products including cosmetics, household appliances, electronics, textiles, and food production as well as in medical products. Environmentally benign, economical, practical, and efficient processes for the synthesis of graphene (rGO)-/graphene oxide (GO)-bounded metal nanoparticles and their use for the remediation of organic pollutants (dyes, pharmaceutical wastes, pesticides, etc.) have been increasingly important goals in the chemical community from economic, safety, and environmental points of view. In this chapter, various strategies have successfully demonstrated the synthesis of graphene-/graphene oxide-bounded metal nanoparticles using various natural sources (plant extracts, biomolecules, polysaccharide, alcohols, etc.) and their applications in environmental remediation.

Part of the book: Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation

By Harekrishna Mahato and Brajesh Kumar

Aegle marmelos is the only member of the monotype genus Aegle and belongs to the Rutaceae family, the citrus fruits family. This review shows the economically feasible pharmacological applications and the nutritional properties of A. marmelos. Each part of the A. marmelos/Bael tree such as root, bark, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed has therapeutic significance in Ayurvedic systems as well as other traditional medicines. In bael fruit, there are various valuable bioactive compounds that have remarkable nutritional and medicinal properties. The isolated components belong to alkaloids, terpenoids, vitamins, coumarins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, fatty acids, essential oils, and various other important biological agents. Various research studies have revealed the therapeutic effects that include antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, antiviral, antidiabetic, antiulcerative, and colitis nature of bael, which aids in inhibiting gastrointestinal problems, different cardiac issues, and other possible health benefit effects such as radioprotective effects, hepatoprotective effects, wound healing, peroxidation, inhibition of lipid, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, and free-radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity.

Part of the book: Biocomposites

By Katherine Guzmán, Brajesh Kumar, Marcelo Grijalva, Alexis Debut and Luis Cumbal

In this chapter, eco-friendly in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a mixture of ascorbic acid and citric acid is introduced. The synthesis conditions of the AgNPs were optimized by adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture. Different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques have been used to characterize the physico-chemical properties of AgNPs. The synthesis of AgNPs was primarily identified by the appearance of yellow colour and confirmed by showing λmax = 409 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. All characterization techniques reveal that the generated AgNPs were non-aggregated, quasi-spherical shapes with an average size of 22.4 ± 13.2 nm, and face-centred cubic crystalline structures. Infrared spectroscopy confirms the surface of AgNPs covered with -COOH group and shows peaks at 1733, 1759, 3262 and 3633 cm−1. Moreover, synthesized AgNPs at pH 10 were stable for one month with a slight change in size. A straightforward, facile and environmentally-friendly synthesis of highly stable AgNPs may contribute to future engineering applications.

Part of the book: Green Chemistry