Jesús Manuel Cantoral Fernández

By María Esther Rodríguez, Laureana Rebordinos, Eugenia Muñoz-Bernal, Francisco Javier Fernández-Acero and Jesús Manuel Cantoral

Part of the book: Gel Electrophoresis

By Carlos Garrido, Francisco J. Fernández-Acero, María Carbú, Victoria E. González-Rodríguez, Eva Liñeiro and Jesús M. Cantoral

Part of the book: Gel Electrophoresis

By Hernando José Bolivar-Anillo, Victoria E. González-Rodríguez, Giovanna Reyes Almeida, Inmaculada Izquierdo-Bueno, Javier Moraga, María Carbú, Jesús M. Cantoral and Carlos Garrido

The genus Phytophthora with more than 100 described species and 58 officially recognized, phylogenetically distributed in ten clades, are important pathogenic oomycete chromists that cause important diseases in agricultural crops, trees and forests worldwide. This genus is known as \"The Plant Destroyer” which causes great economic losses with costs between 2 and 7 billion dollars per year in agricultural systems and unquantifiable losses in natural ecosystems. The host plants of the genus Phytophthora can vary from a wide range in some species to only one host, however, the host plants of the new species are still being determined and therefore the range continues to expand, that makes control exceedingly difficult. Plant damage can range from alterations in roots, fruits, trunks, stems, foliage and crown to invasive processes in highly susceptible species. Considering the wide range of hosts and organs that can be affected by Phytophthora, the use of endophytic microorganisms for the biocontrol of this phytopathogen can be an alternative to avoid losses of both crops and forests worldwide. Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside plant tissues without causing disease under any circumstances. The fact that endophytic microorganisms are able to colonize an ecological niche similar to that of some plant pathogens qualifies them as potential biocontrol agents. This chapter describes the endophytic bacteria and fungi isolated from different plant species that have shown antagonistic activity against different species of Phytophthora, as well as the metabolites isolated from these microorganisms that have shown fungicide activity and other biocontrol strategies (enzyme production, siderophores, substrate competition, among others) against Phytophthora.

Part of the book: Agro-Economic Risks of Phytophthora and an Effective Biocontrol Approach

By Gustavo Cordero-Bueso, Marina Ruiz-Muñoz, Antonio Florido-Barba and Jesús Manuel Cantoral Fernández

Sherry wines undergo a complex, two-stage production process. Initially, the Palomino Fino grape must undergo alcoholic fermentation, resulting in the base wine. This wine is fortified and enters the dynamic biological aging system known as “criaderas y soleras.” Despite the wide variety of wine yeasts available, there’s growing interest in developing new yeast strains with specific traits to enhance wine quality, safety, and consumer acceptance. Rising temperatures are expected to impact alcoholic fermentation stability and flor yeast film development during biological aging, potentially reducing wine quality. This chapter explores oenological advancements, such as reducing hydrogen sulfide and ethyl carbamate concentrations in Jerez’s base wines. Non-genetic modification techniques that enhance sensory complexity in industrial-scale winemaking are discussed. Additionally, a diverse range of yeasts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae species with novel phenotypic traits, is found during biological aging, offering potential value in winemaking and biotechnology. The presence of mycoviruses in flor yeasts of the Saccharomyces genus, providing evolutionary advantages in dominance and establishment in “Fino” and “Manzanilla” wines, is examined. The chapter also delves into how these yeasts affect flor yeast film stability under varying temperatures and ethanol conditions, and alternative methods for veil of regeneration using amino acids as nitrogen sources or inert supports are explored.

Part of the book: New Advances in Saccharomyces