The following abbreviations and symbols are used in this book:
|
|
|
The heat flux vector |
[p] | Isobaric Conditions |
[T] | Isothermal Conditions |
|
Frequency factor [s-1] |
|
Parameters of phase unit cell |
|
The primary breakage distribution |
|
Standard isobaric molar thermal capacity [J⋅K-1·mol-1] |
Ci | Reaction Species, Reactant or Product |
|
Diameter of mill |
|
Activation energy [J⋅mol-1] |
ETC, Λ | Effective thermal conductivity |
F | The Number of Phases in Given Thermodynamic System |
|
The feed rate of size fraction [t⋅h-1] |
G | Gibbs Energy |
|
Kinetic function ( |
|
The order of matrix of constitution coeficients |
HAC | High Alumina Cement |
HCV | High Caloric Value [J⋅mol-1] |
K | Boltzmann Constant, k = R/ NA = 8.314/ 6.023⋅1023 = 1.381⋅10-23 J⋅K-1. |
|
The constant of reaction rate |
|
Equilibrium constant |
|
Boltzmann constant |
LCV | Lower Caloric Value [J⋅mol-1] |
LHV | Lower Heating Value [J⋅mol-1] |
|
Alumina module |
MH | Hydraulic Module of Clinker |
|
Hydraulic module |
N | Number of Moles [mol]. |
|
Kinetic factor (kinetic exponent) |
|
The number of cations, anions |
|
Avogadros number (6.02214⋅1023 mol-1) |
NCV | Net Caloric Value [J⋅mol-1] |
P | Pressure [Pa] |
|
The sieve size passing 80% of clinker after and before crushing |
PC, OPC | Portland Cement, Ordinary Portland Cement |
|
The partial pressure of water vapor [Pa] |
PSD | Particle packing density |
R | Universal Gas Constant, R = pst⋅Vst/ Tst = 1.0325⋅105 ⋅ 22.414⋅10-3/ 273.15 = 8.314 J⋅mol-1⋅K-1. |
|
Number of independent reaction in the system (according to the Gibbs stoichiometric law). |
|
Critical Energy Transfer Distance in Blasse’s Theory |
S | Number of Species in Given Thermodynamic System |
|
Standard molar entropy [J⋅K-1⋅mol-1] |
|
Strontium saturation factor |
|
The shape index of peak |
|
Specific rate of breakage |
T | Temperature [K] |
|
Time [s] |
|
The temperature of peak [K] |
Tpw | The temperature of wet point [°C] |
v | Number of Degrees of Freedom (according to the Gibbs phase law). |
V | Volume |
|
The water to cement ratio |
|
The half-width of peak [K] |
|
Absolute humidity of air [kg⋅m-3] |
|
The energy consumed for crushing the clinker [kWh⋅t-1] |
|
The mill specific output motor power [kWh⋅t-1] |
|
Relative humidity of air [%] |
|
Specific air humidity [kgw⋅kgair -1] |
|
Critical Concentrations. |
xj | Molar Ratio (dimensionless, or 100 xj [%]) |
|
Number of formula per unit cell of phase |
|
Stoichiometric factor |
|
Pauling´s electronegativity |
|
Heat of Combustion [J⋅mol-1] |
|
The standard enthalpy of formation [J⋅mol-1] |
|
Gibbs energy of activated complex [J] |
|
Enthalpy of activated complex [J] |
|
The standard Gibbs energy of reaction [J] |
|
The standard Gibbs energy of reaction recalculated to one mol of basic oxides [J⋅mol-1] |
|
The standard enthalpy of reaction [J] |
|
The standard entropy of reaction [J⋅K-1] |
|
Entropy of activated complex [J⋅K-1] |
|
Heating rate [°C⋅min-1] |
α | The fractional conversion or degree of conversion (normalized on range from 0 to 1 or from 0 to 100 %) |
|
Porosity |
|
The structure composition factor. |
|
The coefficient of thermal conductivity |
|
The effective thermal conductivity of porous materials |
|
Chemical Potential |
|
Standard Chemical Potential |
|
Stoichiometric coefficient for species Ci |
|
Stoichiometric coefficient |
|
Density [kg⋅m-3] |
|
The fraction of condensation energy transferred to the reactant at interface |
The following cement chemistry notation is used in this book:
|
|
|
Aluminium oxide | Al2O3 | A |
Calcium oxide | CaO | C |
Carbon dioxide | CO2 |
|
Iron oxide | Fe2O3 | F |
Calcium fluoride | CaF2 |
|
Water | H2O | H |
Potassium oxide | K2O | K |
Magnesium oxide | MgO | M |
Sodium oxide | Na2O | N |
Phosphorus oxide | P2O5 | P |
Silicon oxide | SiO2 | S |
Sulfur oxide | SO3 |
|
Titanium oxide | TiO2 | T |