The importance of water quality monitoring is fundamental to ensuring the sustainability of water resources in an ever-changing global context. The monitoring of water resources plays a crucial role in the protection of the environment. It is essential to be able to evaluate the quality of the water, quickly identify the sources of pollution, and understand changes in hydrological cycles due to pressure factors. Constant monitoring allows you to evaluate the impacts of human activities on the aquatic ecosystem, protecting biodiversity and guaranteeing food safety. In addition, it provides fundamental data for the development of water resources policies and management strategies, thus contributing to the creation of resilient and sustainable communities in the face of ever-increasing environmental challenges. This book aims to explore the latest technologies and methodologies used in water resources monitoring, providing an in-depth framework of the innovations transforming water management. This book will offer an overview of current challenges and future prospects in the field of water quality monitoring, proposing multidisciplinary approaches and advanced solutions to preserve and improve the sustainability of water resources.