\r\n\tThis book will aim to survey the most recent diagnostic techniques as well as the most promising therapeutic options we can count on to deal with optic nerve disorders. The audience of the book is quite wide and it aims at being the main entry to this fascinating topic for students, clinicians, and researchers.
",isbn:"978-1-80356-774-7",printIsbn:"978-1-80356-773-0",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80356-775-4",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,isSalesforceBook:!1,hash:"e3d02512ccae0638a73c5c2839e50015",bookSignature:"Prof. Felicia M. Ferreri",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11704.jpg",keywords:"Toxic Neuropathy, Ethambutol, Methanol, Leber Neuropathy, Congenital Anomalies, Coloboma, Optic Disc Excavation, Systemic Anomalies, Optic Disc Swelling, Anterior ION, Posterior ION, ION Variants",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 25th 2022",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"June 2nd 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 1st 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 20th 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 19th 2022",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"12 days",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Prof. Felicia M. Ferreri graduated summa cum laude from the University of Messina, Italy in 1998. She served as co-investigator for many national and international clinical trials. Since 2002, she is an Assistant Professor in Ophthalmology at the University of Messina",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"32442",title:"Prof.",name:"Felicia M.",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreri",slug:"felicia-m.-ferreri",fullName:"Felicia M. Ferreri",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/32442/images/system/32442.png",biography:"Felicia M. Ferreri graduated summa cum laude from the University of Messina, Italy, in 1998 and completed her ophthalmology residency at the Policlinico Universitario, Messina, in 2002. She interned at the Corneal Section of San Raffaele Hospital in Milan and at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Diseases Section of Hospital Careggi in Florence. She spent research periods at Virginio del Rocio hospital in Seville, San Carlos hospital in Madrid, the Royal Bolton Hospital in Manchester, and Universidade Fluminense in Rio de Janeiro. She served as co-investigator of many national and international clinical trials. Since 2002, she is an Assistant Professor in Ophthalmology at the University of Messina. Her research interests are in the areas of glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology, pediatric ophthalmology, and cataract. She authored more than 50 scientific papers and edited two IntechOpen Books.",institutionString:"University of Messina",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"University of Messina",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"16",title:"Medicine",slug:"medicine"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"444318",firstName:"Nika",lastName:"Karamatic",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/444318/images/20011_n.jpg",email:"nika@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager, my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6550",title:"Cohort Studies in Health Sciences",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"01df5aba4fff1a84b37a2fdafa809660",slug:"cohort-studies-in-health-sciences",bookSignature:"R. Mauricio Barría",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6550.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"88861",title:"Dr.",name:"R. Mauricio",surname:"Barría",slug:"r.-mauricio-barria",fullName:"R. Mauricio Barría"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9500",title:"Recent Advances in Bone Tumours and Osteoarthritis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ea4ec0d6ee01b88e264178886e3210ed",slug:"recent-advances-in-bone-tumours-and-osteoarthritis",bookSignature:"Hiran Amarasekera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9500.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67634",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiran",surname:"Amarasekera",slug:"hiran-amarasekera",fullName:"Hiran Amarasekera"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"32489",title:"Social Networking in Tuberculosis: Experience in Colombia",doi:"10.5772/39057",slug:"social-networking-in-tuberculosis-experience-in-colombia",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/32489.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/32489",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/32489",totalDownloads:2527,totalViews:113,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:1,impactScorePercentile:54,impactScoreQuartile:3,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"September 22nd 2011",dateReviewed:"December 5th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 16th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/32489",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/32489",book:{id:"825",slug:"current-topics-in-tropical-medicine"},signatures:"Diana M. Castañeda-Hernández and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",authors:[{id:"63386",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfonso",middleName:"J.",surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",fullName:"Alfonso Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-rodriguez-morales",email:"ajrodriguezm_md@hotmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63386/images/2441_n.jpg",institution:{name:"University of Southampton",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"145597",title:"Prof.",name:"Diana",middleName:null,surname:"Castañeda-Hernandez",fullName:"Diana Castañeda-Hernandez",slug:"diana-castaneda-hernandez",email:"tuberculosispereira@hotmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"825",type:"book",title:"Current Topics in Tropical Medicine",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Current Topics in Tropical Medicine",slug:"current-topics-in-tropical-medicine",publishedDate:"March 16th 2012",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/825.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0274-8",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4322-2",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:148,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1046"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"32485",type:"chapter",title:"Rickettsiosis as Threat for the Traveller",slug:"rickettsiosis-as-threat-for-the-traveller",totalDownloads:3279,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Aránzazu Portillo and José A. Oteo",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"64887",title:"Dr.",name:"José A.",middleName:null,surname:"Oteo",fullName:"José A. Oteo",slug:"jose-a.-oteo"},{id:"71012",title:"Dr.",name:"Aránzazu",middleName:null,surname:"Portillo",fullName:"Aránzazu Portillo",slug:"aranzazu-portillo"}]},{id:"32486",type:"chapter",title:"Human Ehrlichioses and Rickettsioses in Cameroon",slug:"human-ehrlichiosis-and-rickettsiosis-in-cameroon",totalDownloads:3339,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Lucy Ndip, Roland Ndip, David Walker and Jere McBride",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"75416",title:"Dr.",name:"Jere",middleName:null,surname:"McBride",fullName:"Jere McBride",slug:"jere-mcbride"},{id:"75422",title:"Dr.",name:"Lucy",middleName:null,surname:"Ndip",fullName:"Lucy Ndip",slug:"lucy-ndip"},{id:"75424",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:"H.",surname:"Walker",fullName:"David Walker",slug:"david-walker"},{id:"75427",title:"Dr.",name:"Roland",middleName:null,surname:"Ndip",fullName:"Roland Ndip",slug:"roland-ndip"}]},{id:"32487",type:"chapter",title:"Leptospirosis: Epidemiologic Factors, Pathophysiological and Immunopathogenic",slug:"leptospirosis-epidemiologic-factors-pathophysiological-and-immunopathogenic",totalDownloads:4587,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Marcia Marinho",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"65961",title:"Dr.",name:"Márcia",middleName:null,surname:"Marinho",fullName:"Márcia Marinho",slug:"mandatildeandiexclrcia-marinho"}]},{id:"32488",type:"chapter",title:"Bartonella Infections in Rodents and Bats in Tropics",slug:"bartonella-infections-in-rodents-and-bats-in-tropics",totalDownloads:2155,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Ying Bai and Michael Kosoy",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"71725",title:"Dr.",name:"Ying",middleName:null,surname:"Bai",fullName:"Ying Bai",slug:"ying-bai"},{id:"74255",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Kosoy",fullName:"Michael Kosoy",slug:"michael-kosoy"}]},{id:"32489",type:"chapter",title:"Social Networking in Tuberculosis: Experience in Colombia",slug:"social-networking-in-tuberculosis-experience-in-colombia",totalDownloads:2527,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Diana M. Castañeda-Hernández and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"63386",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfonso",middleName:"J.",surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",fullName:"Alfonso Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-rodriguez-morales"},{id:"145597",title:"Prof.",name:"Diana",middleName:null,surname:"Castañeda-Hernandez",fullName:"Diana Castañeda-Hernandez",slug:"diana-castaneda-hernandez"}]},{id:"32490",type:"chapter",title:"Molecular Characterization of Dengue Virus Circulating in Manaus, the Capital City of the State of Amazonas, Brazil",slug:"molecular-identification-of-dengue-virus-circulating-in-manaus-amazonas-brazil-",totalDownloads:2778,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Regina Maria Pinto de Figueiredo",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"65487",title:"Dr.",name:"Regina",middleName:null,surname:"De Figueiredo",fullName:"Regina De Figueiredo",slug:"regina-de-figueiredo"}]},{id:"32491",type:"chapter",title:"Genetic Diversity of Dengue Virus and Associated Clinical Severity During Periodic Epidemics in South East Asia",slug:"genetic-diversity-of-dengue-viruses-and-associated-clinical-severity-during-periodic-epidemics-in-so",totalDownloads:3863,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"E. Khan, R. Hasan, J. Mehraj and S. Mahmood",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"65590",title:"Dr.",name:"Erum",middleName:null,surname:"Khan",fullName:"Erum Khan",slug:"erum-khan"},{id:"73829",title:"Prof.",name:"Rumina",middleName:null,surname:"Hasan",fullName:"Rumina Hasan",slug:"rumina-hasan"},{id:"73831",title:"Ms.",name:"Jaishri",middleName:null,surname:"Mehraj",fullName:"Jaishri Mehraj",slug:"jaishri-mehraj"},{id:"73837",title:"Dr.",name:"Sajid",middleName:null,surname:"Mahmood",fullName:"Sajid Mahmood",slug:"sajid-mahmood"}]},{id:"32492",type:"chapter",title:"Lassa Fever in the Tropics",slug:"lassa-fever-in-the-tropics",totalDownloads:3749,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ute Inegbenebor",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"67344",title:"Dr.",name:"Ute",middleName:null,surname:"Inegbenebor",fullName:"Ute Inegbenebor",slug:"ute-inegbenebor"}]},{id:"32493",type:"chapter",title:"The Re-Emergence of an Old Disease: Chikungunya Fever",slug:"the-re-emergence-of-an-old-disease-chikungunya-fever",totalDownloads:3888,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Bordi Licia, Meschi Silvia, Selleri Marina, Lalle Eleonora, Castilletti Concetta, Carletti Fabrizio, Di Caro Antonino and Capobianchi Maria Rosaria",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"68669",title:"Dr.",name:"Licia",middleName:null,surname:"Bordi",fullName:"Licia Bordi",slug:"licia-bordi"}]},{id:"32494",type:"chapter",title:"Malaria Chemoprophylaxis for the International Traveler, Current Options and Future Possibilities",slug:"malaria-chemoprophylaxis-for-the-international-traveler-current-options-and-future-possibilities",totalDownloads:3019,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ross Parker and Kevin Leary",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"68591",title:"Dr.",name:"Kevin",middleName:null,surname:"Leary",fullName:"Kevin Leary",slug:"kevin-leary"}]},{id:"32495",type:"chapter",title:"Effects of Irrigated Rice Fields and Seasonality on Plasmodium Transmission in West Africa, Particularly in Central Côte d'Ivoire",slug:"effects-of-irrigated-rice-fields-and-seasonality-on-plasmodium-transmission-in-west-africa",totalDownloads:2128,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Benjamin G. Koudou, Marcel Tanner and Juerg Utzinger",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"64849",title:"Dr.",name:"Benjamin",middleName:null,surname:"Koudou",fullName:"Benjamin Koudou",slug:"benjamin-koudou"}]},{id:"32496",type:"chapter",title:"Toxoplasmosis: Advances and Vaccine Perspectives",slug:"toxoplasmosis-advances-and-vaccine-perspectives",totalDownloads:3865,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Oscar Bruna-Romero, Dulcilene Mayrink de Oliveira and Valter Ferreira de Andrade-Neto",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"67883",title:"Prof.",name:"Valter Ferreira",middleName:null,surname:"De Andrade-Neto",fullName:"Valter Ferreira De Andrade-Neto",slug:"valter-ferreira-de-andrade-neto"},{id:"71304",title:"Prof.",name:"Oscar",middleName:null,surname:"Bruna-Romero",fullName:"Oscar Bruna-Romero",slug:"oscar-bruna-romero"},{id:"92080",title:"Dr.",name:"Dulcilene",middleName:null,surname:"Mayrink De Oliveira",fullName:"Dulcilene Mayrink De Oliveira",slug:"dulcilene-mayrink-de-oliveira"}]},{id:"32497",type:"chapter",title:"Screening of the Prevalence of Antibodies to the Tick Hyalomma lusitanicum in a Province of Northern Spain",slug:"screening-of-the-prevalence-of-antibodies-to-the-tick-hyalomma-lusitanicum-in-a-province-of-northern",totalDownloads:2658,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Consuelo Giménez Pardo and Lourdes Lledó García",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"69791",title:"Prof.",name:"Lourdes",middleName:null,surname:"Lledo",fullName:"Lourdes Lledo",slug:"lourdes-lledo"},{id:"69805",title:"Prof.",name:"Consuelo",middleName:null,surname:"Giménez-Pardo",fullName:"Consuelo Giménez-Pardo",slug:"consuelo-gimenez-pardo"}]},{id:"32498",type:"chapter",title:"Amoebiasis in the Tropics: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis",slug:"amoebiasis-in-the-tropics-epidemiology-and-pathogenesis",totalDownloads:11768,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"A. Samie, A. ElBakri and Ra’ed AbuOdeh",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"67907",title:"Dr.",name:"Amidou",middleName:null,surname:"Samie",fullName:"Amidou Samie",slug:"amidou-samie"},{id:"125297",title:"Mr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"ElBakri",fullName:"Ali ElBakri",slug:"ali-elbakri"}]},{id:"32499",type:"chapter",title:"Retrospective Analysis of Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia: An Update on Emerging Epidemiological Trends",slug:"retrospective-analysis-of-leishmaniasis-in-central-tunisia-an-update-on-emerging-epidemiological-tre",totalDownloads:5150,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Akila Fathallah Mili, Fatma Saghrouni, Zeineb BenSaid, Yusr Saadi- BenAoun, Ikram Guizani and Moncef BenSaid",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"69437",title:"Dr.",name:"Ikram",middleName:null,surname:"Guizani",fullName:"Ikram Guizani",slug:"ikram-guizani"},{id:"78893",title:"Prof.",name:"Akila",middleName:null,surname:"Fathallah Mili",fullName:"Akila Fathallah Mili",slug:"akila-fathallah-mili"},{id:"79469",title:"Dr.",name:"Fatma",middleName:null,surname:"Saghrouni",fullName:"Fatma Saghrouni",slug:"fatma-saghrouni"},{id:"79470",title:"Dr.",name:"Zeineb",middleName:null,surname:"BenSaid",fullName:"Zeineb BenSaid",slug:"zeineb-bensaid"},{id:"79471",title:"Dr.",name:"Moncef",middleName:null,surname:"BenSaid",fullName:"Moncef BenSaid",slug:"moncef-bensaid"}]},{id:"32500",type:"chapter",title:"Current Advances in Computational Strategies for Drug Discovery in Leishmaniasis",slug:"current-advances-in-computational-strategies-for-drug-discovery-in-leishmaniasis-",totalDownloads:3337,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Andrés F. Flórez, Stanley Watowich and Carlos Muskus",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"73396",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Muskus",fullName:"Carlos Muskus",slug:"carlos-muskus"},{id:"136167",title:"Mr.",name:"Andres",middleName:null,surname:"Florez",fullName:"Andres Florez",slug:"andres-florez"},{id:"136170",title:"Prof.",name:"Stanley",middleName:null,surname:"Watowich",fullName:"Stanley Watowich",slug:"stanley-watowich"}]},{id:"32501",type:"chapter",title:"Advances in Serological Diagnosis of Chagas' Disease by Using Recombinant Proteins",slug:"advances-in-serological-diagnosis-of-chagas-disease-by-using-recombinant-proteins",totalDownloads:3189,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Iván S. Marcipar and Claudia M. Lagier",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"72740",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Marcipar",fullName:"Ivan Marcipar",slug:"ivan-marcipar"},{id:"74240",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudia",middleName:"Marina",surname:"Lagier",fullName:"Claudia Lagier",slug:"claudia-lagier"}]},{id:"32502",type:"chapter",title:"Echinococcosis/Hydatidosis",slug:"echinococcosis-hydatidosis",totalDownloads:2939,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Antoni Soriano Arandes and Frederic Gómez Bertomeu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"65153",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Soriano Arandes",fullName:"Antonio Soriano Arandes",slug:"antonio-soriano-arandes"},{id:"74010",title:"Dr.",name:"Frederic",middleName:null,surname:"Gómez Bertomeu",fullName:"Frederic Gómez Bertomeu",slug:"frederic-gomez-bertomeu"}]},{id:"32503",type:"chapter",title:"A Programme to Control Taeniosis-Cysticercolsis (Taenia solium) in Mexico",slug:"a-program-to-control-taeniosis-cysticercosis-taenia-solium-in-mexico",totalDownloads:2497,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Aline S. de Aluja, Julio Morales Soto and Edda Sciutto",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"80511",title:"Prof.",name:"Aline",middleName:null,surname:"S. De Aluja",fullName:"Aline S. De Aluja",slug:"aline-s.-de-aluja"},{id:"80520",title:"Dr.",name:"Julio",middleName:null,surname:"Morales Soto",fullName:"Julio Morales Soto",slug:"julio-morales-soto"},{id:"80521",title:"Dr.",name:"Edda",middleName:null,surname:"Sciutto Conde",fullName:"Edda Sciutto Conde",slug:"edda-sciutto-conde"}]},{id:"32504",type:"chapter",title:"Antischistosomal Natural Compounds: Present Challenges for New Drug Screens",slug:"antischistosomal-natural-compounds-present-challenges-for-new-drug-screens",totalDownloads:3126,totalCrossrefCites:9,signatures:"Josué de Moraes",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"71343",title:"Dr.",name:"Josue De",middleName:null,surname:"Moraes",fullName:"Josue De Moraes",slug:"josue-de-moraes"}]},{id:"32505",type:"chapter",title:"Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Prospects",slug:"control-of-schistosomiasis-and-soil-transmitted-helminths-in-sub-saharan-africa-challenges-and-prosp",totalDownloads:5103,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"73240",title:"Prof.",name:"Louis-Albert",middleName:null,surname:"Tchuem Tchuenté",fullName:"Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté",slug:"louis-albert-tchuem-tchuente"}]},{id:"32506",type:"chapter",title:"Hyperinfection Syndrome in Strongyloidiasis",slug:"hyperinfection-syndrome-in-strongyloidiasis",totalDownloads:5189,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Cristiane Tefé-Silva, Eleuza R. Machado, Lúcia H. Faccioli and Simone G. Ramos",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"74278",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristiane",middleName:null,surname:"Tefé-Silva",fullName:"Cristiane Tefé-Silva",slug:"cristiane-tefe-silva"},{id:"74283",title:"Dr.",name:"Eleuza R.",middleName:null,surname:"Machado",fullName:"Eleuza R. Machado",slug:"eleuza-r.-machado"},{id:"74284",title:"Prof.",name:"Lúcia H.",middleName:null,surname:"Faccioli",fullName:"Lúcia H. Faccioli",slug:"lucia-h.-faccioli"},{id:"74619",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Simone",middleName:"Gusmão",surname:"Ramos",fullName:"Simone Ramos",slug:"simone-ramos"}]},{id:"32507",type:"chapter",title:"Molecular Diagnosis and Monitoring of Benzimidazole Susceptibility of Human Filariids",slug:"molecular-diagnosis-and-monitoring-of-benzimidazole-susceptibility-of-human-filariids",totalDownloads:2780,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Adisak Bhumiratana, Apiradee Intarapuk, Danai Sangthong, Surachart Koyadun, Prapassorn Pechgit and Jinrapa Pothikasikorn",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"108344",title:"Dr.",name:"Adisak",middleName:null,surname:"Bhumiratana",fullName:"Adisak Bhumiratana",slug:"adisak-bhumiratana"},{id:"114029",title:"Dr.",name:"Prapassorn",middleName:null,surname:"Pechgit",fullName:"Prapassorn Pechgit",slug:"prapassorn-pechgit"},{id:"114030",title:"Dr.",name:"Apiradee",middleName:null,surname:"Intarapuk",fullName:"Apiradee Intarapuk",slug:"apiradee-intarapuk"},{id:"114032",title:"Dr.",name:"Danai",middleName:null,surname:"Pinyoowong",fullName:"Danai Pinyoowong",slug:"danai-pinyoowong"},{id:"114036",title:"Dr.",name:"Surachart",middleName:null,surname:"Koyadun",fullName:"Surachart Koyadun",slug:"surachart-koyadun"},{id:"114040",title:"Dr.",name:"Jinrapa",middleName:null,surname:"Pothikasikorn",fullName:"Jinrapa Pothikasikorn",slug:"jinrapa-pothikasikorn"}]},{id:"32508",type:"chapter",title:"Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission and Control: A Mathematical Modelling Approach",slug:"lymphatic-filariasis-transmission-and-control-a-mathematical-modeling-approach",totalDownloads:2695,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Asep K. Supriatna and N. Anggriani",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"107147",title:"Prof.",name:"Asep",middleName:"K.",surname:"Supriatna",fullName:"Asep Supriatna",slug:"asep-supriatna"},{id:"114663",title:"Dr.",name:"Nursanti",middleName:null,surname:"Anggriani",fullName:"Nursanti Anggriani",slug:"nursanti-anggriani"}]},{id:"32509",type:"chapter",title:"Novel Molecular Diagnostic Platform for Tropical Infectious Diseases",slug:"novel-molecular-diagnostic-platform-for-tropical-infectious-diseases",totalDownloads:3879,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Yasuyoshi Mori, Norihiro Tomita, Hidetoshi Kanda and Tsugunori Notomi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"78372",title:"Dr.",name:"Yasuyoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Mori",fullName:"Yasuyoshi Mori",slug:"yasuyoshi-mori"},{id:"119866",title:"Mr.",name:"Norihiro",middleName:null,surname:"Tomita",fullName:"Norihiro Tomita",slug:"norihiro-tomita"},{id:"119867",title:"Dr.",name:"Hidetoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Kanda",fullName:"Hidetoshi Kanda",slug:"hidetoshi-kanda"},{id:"119868",title:"Dr.",name:"Tsugunori",middleName:null,surname:"Notomi",fullName:"Tsugunori Notomi",slug:"tsugunori-notomi"}]},{id:"32510",type:"chapter",title:"Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Tropics",slug:"sexually-transmitted-infections-in-the-tropics",totalDownloads:3591,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"John C. Meade and Denise C. Cornelius",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"64971",title:"Prof.",name:"John",middleName:null,surname:"Meade",fullName:"John Meade",slug:"john-meade"},{id:"123097",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Denise",middleName:"C",surname:"Cornelius",fullName:"Denise Cornelius",slug:"denise-cornelius"}]},{id:"32511",type:"chapter",title:"Re-Emergence of Malaria and Dengue in Europe",slug:"re-emergence-of-malaria-and-dengue-in-europe",totalDownloads:3592,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rubén Bueno Marí and Ricardo Jiménez Peydró",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"65769",title:"Dr.",name:"Ruben",middleName:null,surname:"Bueno-Mari",fullName:"Ruben Bueno-Mari",slug:"ruben-bueno-mari"},{id:"69383",title:"Prof.",name:"Ricardo",middleName:null,surname:"Jiménez Peydró",fullName:"Ricardo Jiménez Peydró",slug:"ricardo-jimenez-peydro"}]},{id:"32512",type:"chapter",title:"Neonatal Thermoneutrality in a Tropical Climate",slug:"neonatal-thermoneutrality",totalDownloads:3757,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Hippolite O. Amadi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"65406",title:"Dr.",name:"Hippolite",middleName:null,surname:"Amadi",fullName:"Hippolite Amadi",slug:"hippolite-amadi"}]},{id:"32513",type:"chapter",title:"Associations Between Nutritional Indicators Using Geoadditive Latent Variable Models with Application to Child Malnutrition in Nigeria",slug:"-associations-between-nutritional-indicators-using-geoadditive-latent-variable-models-with-applicati",totalDownloads:2384,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Khaled Khatab",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"71560",title:"Prof.",name:"Khaled",middleName:null,surname:"Khatab",fullName:"Khaled Khatab",slug:"khaled-khatab"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5270",title:"Current Topics in Malaria",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d122e43279945caab50f3468168e0008",slug:"current-topics-in-malaria",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"52271",title:"Tertian Fevers in Catalonia in the Late Eighteenth Centuries: The Case of Barcelona (1783–1786)",slug:"tertian-fevers-in-catalonia-in-the-late-eighteenth-centuries-the-case-of-barcelona-1783-1786-",signatures:"Kevin Pometti",authors:[{id:"182664",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Kevin",middleName:null,surname:"Pometti",fullName:"Kevin Pometti",slug:"kevin-pometti"}]},{id:"51573",title:"Transyears Competing with the Seasons in Tropical Malaria Incidence",slug:"transyears-competing-with-the-seasons-in-tropical-malaria-incidence",signatures:"Lyazzat Gumarova, Germaine Cornelissen, Borislav D Dimitrov and\nFranz Halberg",authors:[{id:"182134",title:"Dr.",name:"Borislav",middleName:null,surname:"Dimitrov",fullName:"Borislav Dimitrov",slug:"borislav-dimitrov"},{id:"183591",title:"Dr.",name:"Lyazzat",middleName:null,surname:"Gumarova",fullName:"Lyazzat Gumarova",slug:"lyazzat-gumarova"},{id:"183592",title:"Prof.",name:"Germaine",middleName:null,surname:"Cornelissen",fullName:"Germaine Cornelissen",slug:"germaine-cornelissen"},{id:"183594",title:"Prof.",name:"Franz",middleName:null,surname:"Halberg",fullName:"Franz Halberg",slug:"franz-halberg"}]},{id:"53085",title:"Malaria in Pregnancy",slug:"malaria-in-pregnancy",signatures:"Kapil Goyal, Alka Sehgal, Chander S. Gautam and Rakesh Sehgal",authors:[{id:"181967",title:"Prof.",name:"Rakesh",middleName:null,surname:"Sehgal",fullName:"Rakesh Sehgal",slug:"rakesh-sehgal"}]},{id:"52685",title:"Challenges of Managing Childhood Malaria in a Developing Country: The Case of Nigeria",slug:"challenges-of-managing-childhood-malaria-in-a-developing-country-the-case-of-nigeria",signatures:"Tagbo Oguonu and Benedict O. Edelu",authors:[{id:"183553",title:"Dr.",name:"Benedict",middleName:null,surname:"Edelu",fullName:"Benedict Edelu",slug:"benedict-edelu"},{id:"183557",title:"Dr.",name:"Tagbo",middleName:null,surname:"Oguonu",fullName:"Tagbo Oguonu",slug:"tagbo-oguonu"}]},{id:"52516",title:"Multiple Organ Dysfunction During Severe Malaria: The Role of the Inflammatory Response",slug:"multiple-organ-dysfunction-during-severe-malaria-the-role-of-the-inflammatory-response",signatures:"Mariana Conceição de Souza, Tatiana Almeida Pádua and Maria\ndas Graças Henriques",authors:[{id:"64332",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Das Graças",middleName:null,surname:"Henriques",fullName:"Maria Das Graças Henriques",slug:"maria-das-gracas-henriques"},{id:"182931",title:"MSc.",name:"Tatiana A",middleName:null,surname:"Padua",fullName:"Tatiana A Padua",slug:"tatiana-a-padua"},{id:"182933",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariana C",middleName:null,surname:"Souza",fullName:"Mariana C Souza",slug:"mariana-c-souza"}]},{id:"52407",title:"Severe and Complicated Malaria due to Plasmodium vivax",slug:"severe-and-complicated-malaria-due-to-plasmodium-vivax",signatures:"Wilmer E. Villamil-Gómez, Melisa Eyes-Escalante and Carlos Franco-\nParedes",authors:[{id:"187723",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Wilmer Erenesto",middleName:null,surname:"Villamil Gomez",fullName:"Wilmer Erenesto Villamil Gomez",slug:"wilmer-erenesto-villamil-gomez"}]},{id:"52526",title:"The Biology of Malaria Gametocytes",slug:"the-biology-of-malaria-gametocytes",signatures:"Che Julius Ngwa, Thiago F. de A. Rosa and Gabriele Pradel",authors:[{id:"182499",title:"Dr.",name:"Che",middleName:null,surname:"Julius Ngwa",fullName:"Che Julius Ngwa",slug:"che-julius-ngwa"},{id:"182564",title:"Prof.",name:"Gabriele",middleName:null,surname:"Pradel",fullName:"Gabriele Pradel",slug:"gabriele-pradel"},{id:"190399",title:"Mr.",name:"Thiago",middleName:null,surname:"F. De A. Rosa",fullName:"Thiago F. De A. Rosa",slug:"thiago-f.-de-a.-rosa"}]},{id:"51824",title:"Structure and Functional Differentiation of PfCRT Mutation in Chloroquine Resistance (CQR) in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria",slug:"structure-and-functional-differentiation-of-pfcrt-mutation-in-chloroquine-resistance-cqr-in-plasmodi",signatures:"Pratap Parida, Kishore Sarma, Biswajyoti Borkakoty and Pradyumna\nKishore Mohapatra",authors:[{id:"181666",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Pratap",middleName:null,surname:"Parida",fullName:"Pratap Parida",slug:"pratap-parida"},{id:"181672",title:"MSc.",name:"Kishore",middleName:null,surname:"Sarma",fullName:"Kishore Sarma",slug:"kishore-sarma"},{id:"181673",title:"Dr.",name:"Pradyumna Kishore",middleName:null,surname:"Mohapatra",fullName:"Pradyumna Kishore Mohapatra",slug:"pradyumna-kishore-mohapatra"},{id:"181674",title:"Dr.",name:"Biswajyoti",middleName:null,surname:"Borkakoty",fullName:"Biswajyoti Borkakoty",slug:"biswajyoti-borkakoty"}]},{id:"52591",title:"New Approaches for an Old Disease: Studies on Avian Malaria Parasites for the Twenty-First Century Challenges",slug:"new-approaches-for-an-old-disease-studies-on-avian-malaria-parasites-for-the-twenty-first-century-ch",signatures:"Luz García-Longoria, Sergio Magallanes, Manuel González-\nBlázquez, Yolanda Refollo, Florentino de Lope and Alfonso Marzal",authors:[{id:"96849",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfonso",middleName:null,surname:"Marzal",fullName:"Alfonso Marzal",slug:"alfonso-marzal"},{id:"181806",title:"Dr.",name:"Luz",middleName:null,surname:"García-Longoria",fullName:"Luz García-Longoria",slug:"luz-garcia-longoria"},{id:"183022",title:"Prof.",name:"Florentino",middleName:null,surname:"De Lope",fullName:"Florentino De Lope",slug:"florentino-de-lope"},{id:"183023",title:"Mrs.",name:"Sergio",middleName:null,surname:"Magallanes",fullName:"Sergio Magallanes",slug:"sergio-magallanes"}]},{id:"52846",title:"Approaches, Challenges and Prospects of Antimalarial Drug Discovery from Plant Sources",slug:"approaches-challenges-and-prospects-of-antimalarial-drug-discovery-from-plant-sources",signatures:"Ifeoma C. Ezenyi and Oluwakanyinsola A. Salawu",authors:[{id:"142730",title:"Dr.",name:"Ifeoma",middleName:null,surname:"Ezenyi",fullName:"Ifeoma Ezenyi",slug:"ifeoma-ezenyi"}]},{id:"52229",title:"Inactivation of Malaria Parasites in Blood: PDT vs Inhibition of Hemozoin Formation",slug:"inactivation-of-malaria-parasites-in-blood-pdt-vs-inhibition-of-hemozoin-formation",signatures:"Régis Vanderesse, Ludovic Colombeau, Céline Frochot and Samir\nAcherar",authors:[{id:"182830",title:"Dr.",name:"Samir",middleName:null,surname:"Acherar",fullName:"Samir Acherar",slug:"samir-acherar"},{id:"182831",title:"Dr.",name:"Régis",middleName:null,surname:"Vanderesse",fullName:"Régis Vanderesse",slug:"regis-vanderesse"},{id:"182832",title:"Dr.",name:"Céline",middleName:null,surname:"Frochot",fullName:"Céline Frochot",slug:"celine-frochot"},{id:"182833",title:"Dr.",name:"Ludovic",middleName:null,surname:"Colombeau",fullName:"Ludovic Colombeau",slug:"ludovic-colombeau"}]},{id:"52848",title:"Identification and Validation of Novel Drug Targets for the Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: New Insights",slug:"identification-and-validation-of-novel-drug-targets-for-the-treatment-of-plasmodium-falciparum-malar",signatures:"Sergey Lunev, Fernando A. Batista, Soraya S. Bosch, Carsten\nWrenger and Matthew R. Groves",authors:[{id:"75830",title:"Prof.",name:"Carsten",middleName:null,surname:"Wrenger",fullName:"Carsten Wrenger",slug:"carsten-wrenger"},{id:"183178",title:"Dr.",name:"Matthew",middleName:null,surname:"Groves",fullName:"Matthew Groves",slug:"matthew-groves"},{id:"191063",title:"Mr.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Lunev",fullName:"Sergey Lunev",slug:"sergey-lunev"},{id:"191064",title:"Mr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"De Assis Batista",fullName:"Fernando De Assis Batista",slug:"fernando-de-assis-batista"}]},{id:"52441",title:"Identifying Antimalarial Drug Targets by Cellular Network Analysis",slug:"identifying-antimalarial-drug-targets-by-cellular-network-analysis",signatures:"Kitiporn Plaimas and Rainer König",authors:[{id:"183574",title:"Prof.",name:"Rainer",middleName:null,surname:"König",fullName:"Rainer König",slug:"rainer-konig"},{id:"190809",title:"Dr.",name:"Kitiporn",middleName:null,surname:"Plaimas",fullName:"Kitiporn Plaimas",slug:"kitiporn-plaimas"}]},{id:"51663",title:"Tackling the Problems Associated with Antimalarial Medicines of Poor Quality",slug:"tackling-the-problems-associated-with-antimalarial-medicines-of-poor-quality",signatures:"Kamal Hamed and Kirstin Stricker",authors:[{id:"184106",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Hamed",fullName:"Kamal Hamed",slug:"kamal-hamed"},{id:"187758",title:"Dr.",name:"Kirstin",middleName:null,surname:"Stricker",fullName:"Kirstin Stricker",slug:"kirstin-stricker"}]},{id:"52395",title:"The Next Vaccine Generation Against Malaria: Structurally Modulated Plasmodium Antigens",slug:"the-next-vaccine-generation-against-malaria-structurally-modulated-plasmodium-antigens",signatures:"José Manuel Lozano Moreno",authors:[{id:"181284",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Lozano",fullName:"Jose Manuel Lozano",slug:"jose-manuel-lozano"}]},{id:"52556",title:"Pre-Erythrocytic Vaccine Candidates in Malaria",slug:"pre-erythrocytic-vaccine-candidates-in-malaria",signatures:"Ken Tucker, Amy R. Noe, Vinayaka Kotraiah, Timothy W. Phares,\nMoriya Tsuji, Elizabeth H. Nardin and Gabriel M. Gutierrez",authors:[{id:"181386",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabriel",middleName:null,surname:"Gutierrez",fullName:"Gabriel Gutierrez",slug:"gabriel-gutierrez"},{id:"182940",title:"Dr.",name:"Elizabeth",middleName:null,surname:"Nardin",fullName:"Elizabeth Nardin",slug:"elizabeth-nardin"},{id:"183058",title:"Dr.",name:"Amy",middleName:null,surname:"Noe",fullName:"Amy Noe",slug:"amy-noe"},{id:"192634",title:"Dr.",name:"Ken",middleName:null,surname:"Tucker",fullName:"Ken Tucker",slug:"ken-tucker"},{id:"192671",title:"Dr.",name:"Vinayaka",middleName:null,surname:"Kotraiah",fullName:"Vinayaka Kotraiah",slug:"vinayaka-kotraiah"},{id:"192672",title:"Dr.",name:"Moriya",middleName:null,surname:"Tsuji",fullName:"Moriya Tsuji",slug:"moriya-tsuji"}]},{id:"52557",title:"Enabling Vaccine Delivery Platforms and Adjuvants for Malaria",slug:"enabling-vaccine-delivery-platforms-and-adjuvants-for-malaria",signatures:"Amy R. Noe, Vinayaka Kotraiah and Gabriel M. Gutierrez",authors:[{id:"181386",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabriel",middleName:null,surname:"Gutierrez",fullName:"Gabriel Gutierrez",slug:"gabriel-gutierrez"},{id:"183058",title:"Dr.",name:"Amy",middleName:null,surname:"Noe",fullName:"Amy Noe",slug:"amy-noe"},{id:"192671",title:"Dr.",name:"Vinayaka",middleName:null,surname:"Kotraiah",fullName:"Vinayaka Kotraiah",slug:"vinayaka-kotraiah"}]},{id:"52580",title:"Exploiting the Potential of Integrated Vector Management for Combating Malaria in Africa",slug:"exploiting-the-potential-of-integrated-vector-management-for-combating-malaria-in-africa",signatures:"Emmanuel Chanda",authors:[{id:"175938",title:"Dr.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:null,surname:"Chanda",fullName:"Emmanuel Chanda",slug:"emmanuel-chanda"}]},{id:"52574",title:"Resting Behaviour of Deltamethrin-Resistant Malaria Vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles coluzzii, from North Cameroon: Upshots from a Two-Level Ordinary Logit Model",slug:"resting-behaviour-of-deltamethrin-resistant-malaria-vectors-anopheles-arabiensis-and-anopheles-coluz",signatures:"Josiane Etang, Betrand Fesuh Nono, Parfait Awono-Ambene, Jude\nBigoga, Wolfgang Ekoko Eyisap, Michael Piameu, Jean-Claude Toto,\nEugène Patrice Ndong Nguema, Henri Gwet, Etienne Fondjo and\nAbraham Peter Mnzava",authors:[{id:"183180",title:"Dr.",name:"Josiane",middleName:null,surname:"Etang",fullName:"Josiane Etang",slug:"josiane-etang"}]},{id:"52512",title:"Secondary Malaria Vectors of Sub-Saharan Africa: Threat to Malaria Elimination on the Continent?",slug:"secondary-malaria-vectors-of-sub-saharan-africa-threat-to-malaria-elimination-on-the-continent-",signatures:"Yaw Asare Afrane, Mariangela Bonizzoni and Guiyun Yan",authors:[{id:"60524",title:"Dr.",name:"Yaw A.",middleName:null,surname:"Afrane",fullName:"Yaw A. Afrane",slug:"yaw-a.-afrane"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6267",title:"Chagas Disease",subtitle:"Basic Investigations and Challenges",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"564a876f3d20c7740ede73057b5f6fa6",slug:"chagas-disease-basic-investigations-and-challenges",bookSignature:"Veeranoot Nissapatorn and Helieh S. Oz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6267.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"35419",title:"Dr.",name:"Veeranoot",surname:"Nissapatorn",slug:"veeranoot-nissapatorn",fullName:"Veeranoot Nissapatorn"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1744",title:"Novel Insights on Chronic Kidney Disease, Acute Kidney Injury and Polycystic Kidney Disease",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"16c2a0eecf79502810b256152b4154bd",slug:"novel-insights-on-chronic-kidney-disease-acute-kidney-injury-and-polycystic-kidney-disease",bookSignature:"Soundarapandian Vijayakumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1744.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"126855",title:"Dr.",name:"Soundarapandian",surname:"Vijayakumar",slug:"soundarapandian-vijayakumar",fullName:"Soundarapandian Vijayakumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6392",title:"Pertussis",subtitle:"Disease, Control and Challenges",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"34a3a36eb991a1ada48462c0d989af92",slug:"pertussis-disease-control-and-challenges",bookSignature:"Waldely Dias and Isaias Raw",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6392.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"201066",title:"Dr.",name:"Waldely",surname:"Dias",slug:"waldely-dias",fullName:"Waldely Dias"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2054",title:"Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases",subtitle:"From Bench to Bedside - A Clinical Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"34679dc92102be171ee0e4f895616659",slug:"human-papillomavirus-and-related-diseases-from-bench-to-bedside-a-clinical-perspective",bookSignature:"Davy Vanden Broeck",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2054.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"93213",title:"Dr.",name:"Davy",surname:"Vanden Broeck",slug:"davy-vanden-broeck",fullName:"Davy Vanden Broeck"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2062",title:"Salmonella",subtitle:"A Diversified Superbug",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"701c3623b68ca1003b2ab3c49908794b",slug:"salmonella-a-diversified-superbug",bookSignature:"Yashwant Kumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2062.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"79718",title:"Dr.",name:"Yashwant",surname:"Kumar",slug:"yashwant-kumar",fullName:"Yashwant Kumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"2908",title:"Human and Social Dimensions of Climate Change",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"22bb669953261a035e8f0a4f01eb7498",slug:"human-and-social-dimensions-of-climate-change",bookSignature:"Netra Chhetri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2908.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"79185",title:"Prof.",name:"Netra",surname:"Chhetri",slug:"netra-chhetri",fullName:"Netra Chhetri"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"78519",title:"Reducing Compounds Roles in Oxidative Stress Relieving of Human Red Blood Cells",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99977",slug:"reducing-compounds-roles-in-oxidative-stress-relieving-of-human-red-blood-cells",body:'Chemical stress induced by the presence, in a living organism, of an excess of reactive chemical species, generally centered on oxygen (reactive oxygen species), secondary to an increased production of the same and / or to a reduced efficiency of the physiological systems of antioxidant defense. There are many antioxidants, among these there is resveratrol. The history of resveratrol (the
The reducing agent treatment efficacy was observed by evaluation of anion permeability for chloride, lipid peroxidation and hemolysis in RBCs. Anion permeability for chloride is an indicator of membrane protein damage and is evaluated in RBCs by the specific absorption of methemoglobin (CM) at 590 and 635 nm after treatment of heparinized blood with NaNO2. The measurement of the membrane lipid degradation is obtained by the determination of MDA. The lipid peroxidation susceptibility is observed after the oxidative stress induced by AAPH. The hemolysis assays are conducted on blood samples in phosphate buffer saline. To evaluate in human RBC the
RBC membrane anion permeability for chloride. Data are mean ± standard error of the mean on 10 determinations. *P < 0.05 according to one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni
Effects of lipid peroxidation and induced by 2.2′-azobis-2 amidinopropan dihydrochloride (60 mM) (
Effect of 2.2′-azobis-2 amidinopropan dihydrochloride-induced hemolysis in sportive human RBCs at several times. Data are mean ± standard error of the mean on 10 determinations. Column labels are according to incubation times a = (60 min); b = (120 min); c = (180 min); d = (240 min). *
The assay (ALDetectTM
So we have TOT = MDA + HNE and then TOT-MDA = HNE. The assay is based on the reaction of a chromogenic reagent, N-methyl-2-phenylindole (R1) with MDA and 4-hydroxyalkenals to yield a stable chromophore with maximal absorbance at 586 nm at 45°C. One molecule of either MDA or 4-hydroxyalkenal reacts with
Human RBC membrane concentration of MDA and HNE (μM absolute concentration in membrane samples) from controls and hypertriglyceridemic patients (A) and the same samples treated with 4-hydroxytyrosol (80 μM) (B). It is evident that for the two dosed substances each grouped data are significantly different for
Ratio of oxidized lipids (MDA + HNE) and membrane proteins. It is evident that all comparisons for the two dosed substances, each group of data is significantly different for
According to our data in RBC, ghosts are present both HNE and MDA products [13]. As demonstrated by higher levels of HNE in comparison to MDA, according to Sommerburg
The studied population consisted of 10 patients with endogenous both hypercreatininemic hyperuricemic and ten normal subjects. The measurement of total proteins in RBC ghosts and HNE and MDA are conducted on blood samples of patients. The increase of MDA and HNE levels represent the elevated activities of oxidative stress in human body. It can be seen from Figures 6 and 7 that the increase of protein concentration in the membrane of the blood samples is associated with the rise of MDA and HNE levels. From the ratio between either MDA levels (μM) or HNE levels and RBC membrane proteins (g/l), we deduced the following results on the basis of Figures 8 and 9 in which we have divided samples into 3 groups according to their blood reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. According to this kind of grouping, we can observe that both uric acid and creatinine levels have influence on the ratio either of MDA/protein or HNE/protein contents in RBC membranes, demonstrating their protective role against oxidative stress at low concentrations (lower than 5 mg/dL, for uric acid) and slight oxidizing power at high concentrations (higher than 1.1 mg/dL, for creatinine), as previously evaluated by Qasim and Mahmood [2] and even more powerful oxidant (HNE) could act similarly. In each plot, “a valley” was observed. In this valley, it is seen that there is a dramatically fall in μmole concentration of MDA per mg of RBC proteins which signifies low oxidative stress activity. Thus, it suggests that if the concentration of creatinine and uric acid is within medium range of uric acid concentration, each of these substances would strongly express their protective role toward oxidative stress. In Figures 6–9 one can observe that the recovery of the curve is smooth and starts from the proximal area of Sample knot, suggesting that at this point both Creatinine and uric acid gradually loss their protective abilities as their concentration in the RBC membranes increase. The described results confirm the observation on MDA levels are similar for the action of uric acid and creatinine on ROS levels with almost parallel patterns [16, 17, 18]. An hypothetic explanation for this paradox could be that a rise in uric acid concentration represents an attempted protective response by the host [6]. Probably HNE data in the same experimental conditions should parallel the similar effects of ROS on the oxidation of longer chain lipids in human RBC membranes. The relationship between oxidation of long chain fatty acids and the concentration of both uric acid and creatinine blood levels according to their paradoxical action on oxidation of this kind of RBC constituents probably are attributable to multiple mechanisms of interaction of several constituents of ROSs mixture generated in human organisms with the molecular structures of RBC membranes as carbonylated proteins. This hypothesis shall be investigated in further research also on other structural components of membrane. At present, we have only data on total RBC membrane proteins.
Effect of blood uric acid levels on RBC membrane MDA. Each result is the main plus/minus standard error on the mean of ten independent experiments. Results are evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test according to Graphpad prism 5.0.*
Effect of blood uric acid levels on RBC membrane HNE. Each result is the mean plus/minus standard error on the main of ten independent experiments. Results are evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test according to GraphPad prism 5.0. *
Effect of blood creatinine levels on RBC membrane MDA. Each result is the mean plus/minus standard error on the main of ten independent experiments. Results are evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test according to Graphpad prism 5.0. *
Effect of blood creatinine levels on RBC membrane HNE. Each result is the mean plus/minus standard error on the main of ten independent experiments. Results are evaluated by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test according to GraphPad prism 5.0. *
The data from this research suggest that nitrogen metabolism, mainly creatinine, acts upon cellular lipid metabolism, as this chemical in itself is a reductant compound but at high intracellular concentrations it works as an oxidizing product, as described by Qasim and Mahmood [2]. Creatinine metabolism can interact with uric acid excretion by kidneys. Hyperuricemia damages kidneys where creatinine is excreted by humans. The interaction between concentrations of creatinine and uric acid, that is powerful scavenger of singlet oxygen, slows down the activity of oxidative stress in human erythrocyte membranes. The contemporaneous modulation of both creatinine and uric acid metabolism and their anatomical and functional consequences could modulate MDA and HNE levels. Only if the concentration of these 2 substances overcomes thresholds, they will begin to express their harmful both oxidative and reductive activities.
Currently, in the literature, there are only partial discussions on the role of lipids and their oxidation products as intermediates of their membrane structural damage and/or on the protective role in the same structures [19, 20]. Elevated levels of triglycerides are associated with atherosclerosis and predispose to cardiovascular disease [21]. Oxidative stress, i.e., an altered balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses [22]. The peroxidation of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and of their metabolites is a complex process. It is initiated by free oxygen radical-induced abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the lipid molecule followed by a series of nonenzymatic reactions that ultimately generate the reactive aldehyde species 4-hydroxyalkenals (HNE). Some authors show that high doses of dietary n-3 PUFAs, as well as long-time treatments, affect human RBC susceptibility to lipid peroxidation by changes in fatty acid composition content. According to experimental data, the accumulation of the alkenals in RBC membrane could be produced either by partial PUFA oxidation contained in glycerides and plasma glycerides and by glycerides into recycled plasma membrane in RBC neogenesis (Figure 10). According to these hypotheses, the increased charge of triglycerides in plasma forces its metabolism toward either incorporation in cell membrane of degradative oxidation. This last pathway induces increase of oxidative product such as alkenals and MDA. Furthermore, free alkenals can be dissolved in lipid membrane bilayer degrading their structures. This last process favors increased level of macromolecular assemblies in circulation that enhances microcirculation damage. Such last data could be studied in following works.
Graphical resume of main metabolic steps of fatty acids in cell membrane.
In the first study, it is evident that after
The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. Domenico Sturino for his mother language support and technical revision of manuscript.
There are no conflicts of interest.
ORAC | Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, or the oxygen radical absorption capacity |
AAPH | 2, 2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride |
RBC | red blood cell |
MDA | malondialdehyde |
HNE | 4-hydroxynonenal |
PUFAs | polyunsaturated fatty acids |
EPA | eicosapentaenoic acid |
DHA | docosahexaenoic acid |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
CM | the visible absorbance spectrum method evaluating the absorption of methemoglobin |
",metaTitle:"Open Access Statement",metaDescription:"Book chapters published in edited volumes are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0)",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/open-access-statement/",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"
License
\\n\\nBook Chapters published in edited volumes are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0). IntechOpen maintains a very flexible Copyright Policy that ensures that there is no copyright transfer to the publisher. Therefore, Authors retain exclusive copyright to their work. All Monographs are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) and journal articles are distributed under a Creative Commons 4.0 International Licence.
\\n\\n\\n\\nFormats
\\n\\nBased on your preferences and the stage of your scientific projects, you have multiple options for publishing your scientific research with IntechOpen:
\\n\\nPeer Review Policies
\\n\\nAll scientific Works are subject to Peer Review prior to publishing.
\\n\\n\\n\\nCosts
\\n\\nThe Open Access publishing model followed by IntechOpen eliminates subscription charges and pay-per-view fees, thus enabling readers to access research at no cost to themselves. In order to sustain these operations, and keep our publications freely accessible, we levy an Open Access Publishing Fee on all manuscripts accepted for publication to help cover the costs of editorial work and the production of books.
\\n\\n\\n\\nDigital Archiving Policy
\\n\\nIntechOpen is dedicated to ensuring the long-term preservation and availability of the scholarly research it publishes.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'License
\n\nBook Chapters published in edited volumes are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0). IntechOpen maintains a very flexible Copyright Policy that ensures that there is no copyright transfer to the publisher. Therefore, Authors retain exclusive copyright to their work. All Monographs are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) and journal articles are distributed under a Creative Commons 4.0 International Licence.
\n\n\n\nFormats
\n\nBased on your preferences and the stage of your scientific projects, you have multiple options for publishing your scientific research with IntechOpen:
\n\nPeer Review Policies
\n\nAll scientific Works are subject to Peer Review prior to publishing.
\n\n\n\nCosts
\n\nThe Open Access publishing model followed by IntechOpen eliminates subscription charges and pay-per-view fees, thus enabling readers to access research at no cost to themselves. In order to sustain these operations, and keep our publications freely accessible, we levy an Open Access Publishing Fee on all manuscripts accepted for publication to help cover the costs of editorial work and the production of books.
\n\n\n\nDigital Archiving Policy
\n\nIntechOpen is dedicated to ensuring the long-term preservation and availability of the scholarly research it publishes.
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:6598},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5903},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:2400},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:12538},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1006},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:17561}],offset:12,limit:12,total:132762},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"-dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"16"},books:[{type:"book",id:"12107",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety - Volume 2",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3fe674b93710773f0db746ca96d6e048",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Philip Salen and Dr. Stanislaw P. Stawicki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12107.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"217603",title:"Dr.",name:"Philip",surname:"Salen",slug:"philip-salen",fullName:"Philip Salen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11717",title:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - A Growing Concern",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0396d89369495b63682157e938f788fa",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Jianyuan Chai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11717.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"28281",title:"Dr.",name:"Jianyuan",surname:"Chai",slug:"jianyuan-chai",fullName:"Jianyuan Chai"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11874",title:"Craniofacial Surgery - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"91dd1465d7b60e227877563c5f978c16",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Belma Işik Aslan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11874.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"42847",title:"Dr.",name:"Belma",surname:"Işik Aslan",slug:"belma-isik-aslan",fullName:"Belma Işik Aslan"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11651",title:"Bone Tumors - Recent Updates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"cf7dd688b160a1ba07e3179613684f16",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Hiran Wimal Amarasekera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11651.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"67634",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiran",surname:"Amarasekera",slug:"hiran-amarasekera",fullName:"Hiran Amarasekera"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12202",title:"Sexual Violence - Issues in Prevention, Treatment, and Policy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d3d39a00095ec14f7f869ed5b5211527",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Kathleen Monahan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12202.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"463306",title:"Dr.",name:"Kathleen",surname:"Monahan",slug:"kathleen-monahan",fullName:"Kathleen Monahan"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11599",title:"Leukemia - From Biology to Diagnosis and Treatment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"30b431385424f0b84aee499d839f46cc",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Margarita Guenova and Prof. Gueorgui Balatzenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11599.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"52938",title:"Prof.",name:"Margarita",surname:"Guenova",slug:"margarita-guenova",fullName:"Margarita Guenova"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11848",title:"Immunosuppression and Immunomodulation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ed8e45c9b1a36b2e913208c4d37dbc7f",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Rajeev K. Tyagi, Dr. Prakriti Sharma and Dr. Praveen Sharma",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11848.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"201069",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajeev",surname:"Tyagi",slug:"rajeev-tyagi",fullName:"Rajeev Tyagi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11815",title:"Pediatric Oral Health - New Insights",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e55e88cf5885a68cdf470925b35cbbd8",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Mandeep Singh Virdi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11815.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"89556",title:"Prof.",name:"Mandeep",surname:"Virdi",slug:"mandeep-virdi",fullName:"Mandeep Virdi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11698",title:"Pigmentation Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2ac6c9f424eec37ed85232c2c97ef6f6",slug:null,bookSignature:"Associate Prof. Shahin Aghaei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11698.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"64024",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Shahin",surname:"Aghaei",slug:"shahin-aghaei",fullName:"Shahin Aghaei"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11701",title:"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ba8e8f4710bed414568846f8162a4942",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Ahmet Mesrur Halefoğlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11701.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"51736",title:"Prof.",name:"Ahmet Mesrur",surname:"Halefoğlu",slug:"ahmet-mesrur-halefoglu",fullName:"Ahmet Mesrur Halefoğlu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12104",title:"Viral Outbreaks - Global Trends and Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"60828f26feed5832a47a13caac706c08",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Shailendra K. Saxena",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12104.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12108",title:"Clinical Trials - Recent Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"79472fc7310e9655a881c6d2ad7128b0",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Xianli Lv",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12108.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"153155",title:"Dr.",name:"Xianli",surname:"Lv",slug:"xianli-lv",fullName:"Xianli Lv"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:43},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:23},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:21},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:62},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:29},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:123},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:12},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:4}],offset:12,limit:12,total:123},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3340,editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11001",title:"Density Functional Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"82d53383af78ab41eb982086c02fb2bb",slug:"density-functional-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11001.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1845,editors:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1096,editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:995,editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3791,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11752",title:"Natural Drugs from Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0a83c0822608ef7592bf16a5ed0ada4",slug:"natural-drugs-from-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11752.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2982,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:559,editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:546,editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:539,editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:535,editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10871",title:"Computed-Tomography (CT) Scan",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"966d8cf74fa27eea1b9cbc9a6ee94993",slug:"computed-tomography-ct-scan",bookSignature:"Reda R. Gharieb",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10871.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",slug:"reda-r.-gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10654",title:"Brain-Computer Interface",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a5308884068cc53ed31c6baba756857f",slug:"brain-computer-interface",bookSignature:"Vahid Asadpour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10654.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11196",title:"New Updates in E-Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6afaadf68e2a0a4b370ac5ceb5ca89c6",slug:"new-updates-in-e-learning",bookSignature:"Eduard Babulak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11196.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"10086",title:"Prof.",name:"Eduard",middleName:null,surname:"Babulak",slug:"eduard-babulak",fullName:"Eduard Babulak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"1131",title:"Global Health",slug:"global-health",parent:{id:"200",title:"Public Health",slug:"medicine-public-health"},numberOfBooks:17,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:572,numberOfWosCitations:434,numberOfCrossrefCitations:299,numberOfDimensionsCitations:724,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"1131",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"9376",title:"Contemporary Developments and Perspectives in International Health Security",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b9a00b84cd04aae458fb1d6c65795601",slug:"contemporary-developments-and-perspectives-in-international-health-security-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki, Michael S. Firstenberg, Sagar C. Galwankar, Ricardo Izurieta and Thomas Papadimos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9376.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9138",title:"Public Health in Developing Countries",subtitle:"Challenges and Opportunities",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"28c7e86f71905feb65668941c4f259f4",slug:"public-health-in-developing-countries-challenges-and-opportunities",bookSignature:"Edlyne Eze Anugwom and Niyi Awofeso",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9138.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"293469",title:null,name:"Edlyne Eze",middleName:null,surname:"Anugwom",slug:"edlyne-eze-anugwom",fullName:"Edlyne Eze Anugwom"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7123",title:"Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"61c627da05b2ace83056d11357bdf361",slug:"current-topics-in-neglected-tropical-diseases",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7123.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7158",title:"Strategies to Reduce Hospital Mortality in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and Resource-Limited Settings",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"28578ca86344aba6996b5c666d6c9359",slug:"strategies-to-reduce-hospital-mortality-in-lower-and-middle-income-countries-lmics-and-resource-limited-settings",bookSignature:"Jasneth Mullings, Camille-Ann Thoms-Rodriguez, Affette M. McCaw-Binns and Tomlin Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7158.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"248594",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jasneth",middleName:null,surname:"Mullings",slug:"jasneth-mullings",fullName:"Jasneth Mullings"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7222",title:"Current Topics in Tropical Emerging Diseases and Travel Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"35b395a032b539cba98549da7d337bd1",slug:"current-topics-in-tropical-emerging-diseases-and-travel-medicine",bookSignature:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7222.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7090",title:"Current Issues in Global Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7e4c3c0c459e7615e74cdc125d5b500c",slug:"current-issues-in-global-health",bookSignature:"David Claborn",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7090.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"169536",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Claborn",slug:"david-claborn",fullName:"David Claborn"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6739",title:"Public Health",subtitle:"Emerging and Re-emerging Issues",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b3ae905c488b6b1d2da4110309e837fa",slug:"public-health-emerging-and-re-emerging-issues",bookSignature:"Md. Anwarul Azim Majumder, Russell Kabir and Sayeeda Rahman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6739.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"204038",title:"Dr.",name:"Md Anwarul",middleName:null,surname:"Azim Majumder",slug:"md-anwarul-azim-majumder",fullName:"Md Anwarul Azim Majumder"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6339",title:"Towards Malaria Elimination",subtitle:"A Leap Forward",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2ab88726cd9291b2b1c29889c948c902",slug:"towards-malaria-elimination-a-leap-forward",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin and Vas Dev",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6339.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",middleName:null,surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5593",title:"Highlights on Several Underestimated Topics in Palliative Care",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d6978626a682a6aac26c2ddba9c99e34",slug:"highlights-on-several-underestimated-topics-in-palliative-care",bookSignature:"Marco Cascella",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5593.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"199335",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Cascella",slug:"marco-cascella",fullName:"Marco Cascella"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5796",title:"Dengue",subtitle:"Immunopathology and Control Strategies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ea7594d938547fcd4fe8d358527695b0",slug:"dengue-immunopathology-and-control-strategies",bookSignature:"Márcia Aparecida Sperança",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5796.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"176579",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Márcia Aparecida",middleName:null,surname:"Sperança",slug:"marcia-aparecida-speranca",fullName:"Márcia Aparecida Sperança"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5387",title:"Worldwide Wound Healing",subtitle:"Innovation in Natural and Conventional Methods",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7fce44f4147d70a5f22ce850dedc729a",slug:"worldwide-wound-healing-innovation-in-natural-and-conventional-methods",bookSignature:"Cesar Joao Vicente da Fonseca",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5387.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"182006",title:"Prof.",name:"César",middleName:null,surname:"Fonseca",slug:"cesar-fonseca",fullName:"César Fonseca"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5171",title:"Recent Advances in Drug Addiction Research and Clinical Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d4d43741fe591f3102735d26db3c51a0",slug:"recent-advances-in-drug-addiction-research-and-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"William M. Meil and Christina L. Ruby",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5171.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"87876",title:"Dr.",name:"William M.",middleName:null,surname:"Meil",slug:"william-m.-meil",fullName:"William M. Meil"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:17,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"62169",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.78375",title:"Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vectors: An Update at a Global Scale",slug:"insecticide-resistance-in-malaria-vectors-an-update-at-a-global-scale",totalDownloads:2305,totalCrossrefCites:16,totalDimensionsCites:38,abstract:"Malaria remains the deadliest vector-borne disease in the world. With nearly half of the world’s population at risk, 216 million people suffered from malaria in 2016, with over 400,000 deaths, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. Important global efforts have been made to eliminate malaria leading to significant reduction in malaria cases and mortality in Africa by 42% and 66%, respectively. Early diagnosis, improved drug therapies and better health infrastructure are key components, but this extraordinary success is mainly due the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual sprayings (IRS) of insecticide. Unfortunately, the emergence and spread of resistance in mosquito populations against insecticides is jeopardising the effectiveness of the most efficient malaria control interventions. To help establish suitable resistance management strategies, it is vital to better understand the distribution of resistance, its mechanisms and impact on effectiveness of control interventions and malaria transmission. In this chapter, we present the current status of insecticide resistance worldwide in main malaria vectors as well as its impact on malaria transmission, and discuss the molecular mechanisms and future perspectives.",book:{id:"6339",slug:"towards-malaria-elimination-a-leap-forward",title:"Towards Malaria Elimination",fullTitle:"Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward"},signatures:"Jacob M. Riveron, Magellan Tchouakui, Leon Mugenzi, Benjamin D.\nMenze, Mu-Chun Chiang and Charles S. Wondji",authors:[{id:"212661",title:"Dr.",name:"Charles",middleName:null,surname:"Wondji",slug:"charles-wondji",fullName:"Charles Wondji"},{id:"215729",title:"Dr.",name:"Jacob",middleName:null,surname:"Riveron",slug:"jacob-riveron",fullName:"Jacob Riveron"},{id:"215730",title:"MSc.",name:"Magellan",middleName:null,surname:"Tchouakui",slug:"magellan-tchouakui",fullName:"Magellan Tchouakui"},{id:"215731",title:"MSc.",name:"Leon",middleName:null,surname:"Mugenzi",slug:"leon-mugenzi",fullName:"Leon Mugenzi"},{id:"215732",title:"MSc.",name:"Benjamin",middleName:null,surname:"Menze",slug:"benjamin-menze",fullName:"Benjamin Menze"},{id:"240599",title:"MSc.",name:"Mu-Chun",middleName:null,surname:"Chiang",slug:"mu-chun-chiang",fullName:"Mu-Chun Chiang"}]},{id:"44600",doi:"10.5772/54775",title:"Atmospheric Nanoparticles and Their Impacts on Public Health",slug:"atmospheric-nanoparticles-and-their-impacts-on-public-health",totalDownloads:3924,totalCrossrefCites:16,totalDimensionsCites:30,abstract:null,book:{id:"3432",slug:"current-topics-in-public-health",title:"Current Topics in Public Health",fullTitle:"Current Topics in Public Health"},signatures:"Klara Slezakova, Simone Morais and Maria do Carmo Pereira",authors:[{id:"13875",title:"Prof.",name:"Simone",middleName:null,surname:"Morais",slug:"simone-morais",fullName:"Simone Morais"},{id:"82791",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Carmo",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"maria-carmo-pereira",fullName:"Maria Carmo Pereira"},{id:"82869",title:"Dr.",name:"Klara",middleName:null,surname:"Slezakova",slug:"klara-slezakova",fullName:"Klara Slezakova"}]},{id:"33040",doi:"10.5772/34760",title:"Iron and Microbial Growth",slug:"the-role-of-iron-in-fungal-growth-iron-chelation-as-a-targeted-treatment-for-systemic-fungal-infecti",totalDownloads:5295,totalCrossrefCites:8,totalDimensionsCites:25,abstract:null,book:{id:"1809",slug:"insight-and-control-of-infectious-disease-in-global-scenario",title:"Insight and Control of Infectious Disease in Global Scenario",fullTitle:"Insight and Control of Infectious Disease in Global Scenario"},signatures:"Argiris Symeonidis and Markos Marangos",authors:[{id:"101531",title:"Prof.",name:"Argiris",middleName:"S",surname:"Symeonidis",slug:"argiris-symeonidis",fullName:"Argiris Symeonidis"}]},{id:"44569",doi:"10.5772/53196",title:"Health Care Waste Management – Public Health Benefits, and the Need for Effective Environmental Regulatory Surveillance in Federal Republic of Nigeria",slug:"health-care-waste-management-public-health-benefits-and-the-need-for-effective-environmental-regulat",totalDownloads:8737,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:22,abstract:null,book:{id:"3432",slug:"current-topics-in-public-health",title:"Current Topics in Public Health",fullTitle:"Current Topics in Public Health"},signatures:"Nkechi Chuks Nwachukwu, Frank Anayo Orji and Ositadinma\nChinyere Ugbogu",authors:[{id:"85404",title:"Dr.",name:"Nkechi Chuks",middleName:null,surname:"Nwachukwu",slug:"nkechi-chuks-nwachukwu",fullName:"Nkechi Chuks Nwachukwu"},{id:"120194",title:"Dr.",name:"Orji",middleName:null,surname:"Frank Anayo",slug:"orji-frank-anayo",fullName:"Orji Frank Anayo"},{id:"161783",title:"Dr.",name:"Ositadinma Chinyere",middleName:null,surname:"Ugbogu",slug:"ositadinma-chinyere-ugbogu",fullName:"Ositadinma Chinyere Ugbogu"}]},{id:"61802",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.78007",title:"Entomological Surveillance as a Cornerstone of Malaria Elimination: A Critical Appraisal",slug:"entomological-surveillance-as-a-cornerstone-of-malaria-elimination-a-critical-appraisal",totalDownloads:1863,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:21,abstract:"Global capacity for developing new insecticides and vector control products, as well as mathematical models to evaluate their likely impact upon malaria transmission has greatly improved in recent years. Given that a range of new vector control products are now emerging that target a greater diversity of adult mosquito behaviours, it should soon be feasible to effectively tackle a broader range of mosquito species and settings. However, the primary obstacles to further progress towards more effective malaria vector control are now paucities of routine programmatic entomological surveillance, and capacity for data processing, analysis and interpretation in endemic countries. Well-established entomological methods need to be more widely utilized for routine programmatic surveillance of vector behaviours and insecticide susceptibility, the effectiveness of vector control products and processes, and their impacts on mosquito populations. Such programmatic data may also be useful for simulation analyses of mosquito life histories, to identify opportunities for pre-emptively intervening early in the life cycle of mosquitoes, rather than targeting transmission events occurring when they are older. Current obstacles to more effective utilization, archiving and sharing of entomological data largely centre around global inequities of analytical capacity. These prohibitive and unfair imbalances can be addressed by reorienting funding schemes to emphasize south-centred collaborations focused on malaria-endemic countries.",book:{id:"6339",slug:"towards-malaria-elimination-a-leap-forward",title:"Towards Malaria Elimination",fullTitle:"Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward"},signatures:"Gerry F. Killeen, Prosper P. Chaki, Thomas E. Reed, Catherine L.\nMoyes and Nicodem J. Govella",authors:[{id:"217064",title:"Dr.",name:"Gerry",middleName:null,surname:"Killeen",slug:"gerry-killeen",fullName:"Gerry Killeen"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"69631",title:"Cultural Practices and Health Consequences: Health or Habits, the Choice Is Ours",slug:"cultural-practices-and-health-consequences-health-or-habits-the-choice-is-ours",totalDownloads:817,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Human beings are social animals with an innate desire to conform to socially accepted norms and values. Over periods of time, some of these norms become standards that all members of the community are expected to adhere to. Deviance from these standards is seen as absurd, wrong, or frankly abnormal. However, many of these cultural mores have no scientific basis and, some of them actually promote behaviors with negative health consequences. This chapter examines the cultural practices of some communities in Africa and their health consequences and, explores ways to address the challenges.",book:{id:"9138",slug:"public-health-in-developing-countries-challenges-and-opportunities",title:"Public Health in Developing Countries",fullTitle:"Public Health in Developing Countries - Challenges and Opportunities"},signatures:"Radiance Ogundipe",authors:[{id:"302308",title:"Dr.",name:"Radiance",middleName:null,surname:"Ogundipe",slug:"radiance-ogundipe",fullName:"Radiance Ogundipe"}]},{id:"44569",title:"Health Care Waste Management – Public Health Benefits, and the Need for Effective Environmental Regulatory Surveillance in Federal Republic of Nigeria",slug:"health-care-waste-management-public-health-benefits-and-the-need-for-effective-environmental-regulat",totalDownloads:8742,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:22,abstract:null,book:{id:"3432",slug:"current-topics-in-public-health",title:"Current Topics in Public Health",fullTitle:"Current Topics in Public Health"},signatures:"Nkechi Chuks Nwachukwu, Frank Anayo Orji and Ositadinma\nChinyere Ugbogu",authors:[{id:"85404",title:"Dr.",name:"Nkechi Chuks",middleName:null,surname:"Nwachukwu",slug:"nkechi-chuks-nwachukwu",fullName:"Nkechi Chuks Nwachukwu"},{id:"120194",title:"Dr.",name:"Orji",middleName:null,surname:"Frank Anayo",slug:"orji-frank-anayo",fullName:"Orji Frank Anayo"},{id:"161783",title:"Dr.",name:"Ositadinma Chinyere",middleName:null,surname:"Ugbogu",slug:"ositadinma-chinyere-ugbogu",fullName:"Ositadinma Chinyere Ugbogu"}]},{id:"71667",title:"Health Promotion and Its Challenges to Public Health Delivery System in Africa",slug:"health-promotion-and-its-challenges-to-public-health-delivery-system-in-africa",totalDownloads:1378,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"The chapter examines the place and role of health promotion in the drive for sustainable and effective public health delivery in Africa. It conceptualizes health promotion from a multifaceted and multi-professional perspective hinged on the empowerment of communities and individuals to play active roles and adopt behaviour consistent with the goals of good health. The paper drawing on documentary data sees health promotion as critical to the achievement of health goals in the continent and equally reflects on the theories of health promotion, strategies for health promotion and challenges to health promotion in Africa. It argues that health promotion in the continent can be strengthened through such measures as appropriate legislations, robust funding, gender inclusiveness, stepping up research, regular needs assessment and evaluation, setting needs-driven priorities and building capacity of health promotion to target vulnerable and marginal members of the society, among others.",book:{id:"9138",slug:"public-health-in-developing-countries-challenges-and-opportunities",title:"Public Health in Developing Countries",fullTitle:"Public Health in Developing Countries - Challenges and Opportunities"},signatures:"Edlyne Eze Anugwom",authors:[{id:"293469",title:null,name:"Edlyne Eze",middleName:null,surname:"Anugwom",slug:"edlyne-eze-anugwom",fullName:"Edlyne Eze Anugwom"}]},{id:"67091",title:"Health Literacy: An Intervention to Improve Health Outcomes",slug:"health-literacy-an-intervention-to-improve-health-outcomes",totalDownloads:1806,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:"WHO has defined health literacy as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make basic health decisions for themselves and their loved ones. The purpose of this article is to outline the scope of low health literacy as a concept and explore some appropriate interventions that researchers and healthcare professionals may use to reduce its negative impact on health outcomes such as mortality. The authors conclude by identifying areas of research that are needed to advance the conceptualization of health literacy in reducing hospital mortality and morbidity.",book:{id:"7158",slug:"strategies-to-reduce-hospital-mortality-in-lower-and-middle-income-countries-lmics-and-resource-limited-settings",title:"Strategies to Reduce Hospital Mortality in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and Resource-Limited Settings",fullTitle:"Strategies to Reduce Hospital Mortality in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and Resource-Limited Settings"},signatures:"Monique Ann-Marie Lynch and Geovanni Vinceroy Franklin",authors:[{id:"276834",title:"Dr.",name:"Monique",middleName:"Ann-Marie",surname:"Lynch",slug:"monique-lynch",fullName:"Monique Lynch"},{id:"289629",title:"MSc.",name:"Geovanni",middleName:null,surname:"Franklin",slug:"geovanni-franklin",fullName:"Geovanni Franklin"}]},{id:"69468",title:"The Global Burden and Perspectives on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and the Prevention, Data Availability and Systems Approach of NCDs in Low-resource Countries",slug:"the-global-burden-and-perspectives-on-non-communicable-diseases-ncds-and-the-prevention-data-availab",totalDownloads:2679,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:13,abstract:"The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is growing swiftly in low-resourced countries resulting in deleterious health resembling the NCDs burden in high-resourced countries. Despite the availability of information on the escalating adverse economic and health effects of NCDs globally, specific strategies designed to address the growing burden of NCDs in low-resourced countries remain substandard. Research engines like EBSCOhost, Science Citation Index, CINAHL database, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, published and unpublished abstracts and a hand search of reference lists and table of contents of relevant journals and books were searched from January 2011 to June 2019. In total, 84 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies confirm that low-resourced countries compared with high-resourced countries battle to implement NCDs prevention strategies; fail to record data on the risk factors of NCDs; medical records and surveillance data are unavailable. Due to a lack of knowledge and skill, low-resourced countries show no urgency to implement a systems approach for NCDs management. The findings confirm disparities between high-resourced and low-resourced countries regarding NCDs prevention, availability of quality data, and strategies to prevent and manage NCDs through a systems approach that can assist healthcare institutions in reducing the damaging effect of NCDs globally.",book:{id:"9138",slug:"public-health-in-developing-countries-challenges-and-opportunities",title:"Public Health in Developing Countries",fullTitle:"Public Health in Developing Countries - Challenges and Opportunities"},signatures:"Melkamu Kassa and Jeanne Grace",authors:[{id:"306689",title:"Dr.",name:"Melkamu",middleName:null,surname:"Kassa",slug:"melkamu-kassa",fullName:"Melkamu Kassa"},{id:"306691",title:"Dr.",name:"Grace",middleName:null,surname:"Jeanne",slug:"grace-jeanne",fullName:"Grace Jeanne"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"1131",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:287,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:10,numberOfPublishedChapters:103,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",issn:"2633-1403",scope:"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary research area that aims to solve increasingly complex problems. In today's highly integrated world, AI promises to become a robust and powerful means for obtaining solutions to previously unsolvable problems. This Series is intended for researchers and students alike interested in this fascinating field and its many applications.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/14.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 18th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:9,editor:{id:"218714",title:"Prof.",name:"Andries",middleName:null,surname:"Engelbrecht",slug:"andries-engelbrecht",fullName:"Andries Engelbrecht",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRNR8QAO/Profile_Picture_1622640468300",biography:"Andries Engelbrecht received the Masters and PhD degrees in Computer Science from the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 1994 and 1999 respectively. He is currently appointed as the Voigt Chair in Data Science in the Department of Industrial Engineering, with a joint appointment as Professor in the Computer Science Division, Stellenbosch University. Prior to his appointment at Stellenbosch University, he has been at the University of Pretoria, Department of Computer Science (1998-2018), where he was appointed as South Africa Research Chair in Artifical Intelligence (2007-2018), the head of the Department of Computer Science (2008-2017), and Director of the Institute for Big Data and Data Science (2017-2018). In addition to a number of research articles, he has written two books, Computational Intelligence: An Introduction and Fundamentals of Computational Swarm Intelligence.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Stellenbosch University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/91.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/181603/images/system/181603.jpg",biography:"Antonella Petrillo is a Professor at the Department of Engineering of the University of Naples “Parthenope”, Italy. She received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Cassino. Her research interests include multi-criteria decision analysis, industrial plant, logistics, manufacturing and safety. She serves as an Associate Editor for the International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. She is a member of AHP Academy and a member of several editorial boards. She has over 160 Scientific Publications in International Journals and Conferences and she is the author of 5 books on Innovation and Decision Making in Industrial Applications and Engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Parthenope University of Naples",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"92",title:"Health and Wellbeing",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/92.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"348225",title:"Prof.",name:"Ann",middleName:null,surname:"Hemingway",slug:"ann-hemingway",fullName:"Ann Hemingway",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035LZFoQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-04-11T14:55:40.jpg",biography:"Professor Hemingway is a public health researcher, Bournemouth University, undertaking international and UK research focused on reducing inequalities in health outcomes for marginalised and excluded populations and more recently focused on equine assisted interventions.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bournemouth University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"93",title:"Inclusivity and Social Equity",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/93.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"210060",title:"Prof. Dr.",name:"Ebba",middleName:null,surname:"Ossiannilsson",slug:"ebba-ossiannilsson",fullName:"Ebba Ossiannilsson",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6LkBQAU/Profile_Picture_2022-02-28T13:31:48.png",biography:'Professor Dr. Ebba Ossiannilsson is an independent researcher, expert, consultant, quality auditor and influencer in the fields of open, flexible online and distance learning (OFDL) and the "new normal". Her focus is on quality, innovation, leadership, and personalised learning. She works primarily at the strategic and policy levels, both nationally and internationally, and with key international organisations. She is committed to promoting and improving OFDL in the context of SDG4 and the future of education. Ossiannilsson has more than 20 years of experience in her current field, but more than 40 years in the education sector. She works as a reviewer and expert for the European Commission and collaborates with the Joint Research Centre for Quality in Open Education. Ossiannilsson also collaborates with ITCILO and ICoBC (International Council on Badges and Credentials). She is a member of the ICDE Board of Directors and has previously served on the boards of EDEN and EUCEN. Ossiannilsson is a quality expert and reviewer for ICDE, EDEN and the EADTU. She chairs the ICDE OER Advocacy Committee and is a member of the ICDE Quality Network. She is regularly invited as a keynote speaker at conferences. She is a guest editor for several special issues and a member of the editorial board of several scientific journals. She has published more than 200 articles and is currently working on book projects in the field of OFDL. Ossiannilsson is a visiting professor at several international universities and was recently appointed Professor and Research Fellow at Victoria University of Wellington, NZ. Ossiannilsson has been awarded the following fellowships: EDEN Fellows, EDEN Council of Fellows, and Open Education Europe. She is a ICDE OER Ambassador, Open Education Europe Ambassador, GIZ Ambassador for Quality in Digital Learning, and part of the Globe-Community of Digital Learning and Champion of SPARC Europe. On a national level, she is a quality developer at the Swedish Institute for Standards (SIS) and for ISO. She is a member of the Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition Sweden and Vice President of the Swedish Association for Distance Education. She is currently working on a government initiative on quality in distance education at the National Council for Higher Education. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Oulu, Finland.',institutionString:"Swedish Association for Distance Education, Sweden",institution:null},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"94",title:"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/94.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!1,editor:null,editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"95",title:"Urban Planning and Environmental Management",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/95.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"181079",title:"Dr.",name:"Christoph",middleName:null,surname:"Lüthi",slug:"christoph-luthi",fullName:"Christoph Lüthi",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRHSqQAO/Profile_Picture_2022-04-12T15:51:33.png",biography:"Dr. Christoph Lüthi is an urban infrastructure planner with over 25 years of experience in planning and design of urban infrastructure in middle and low-income countries. He holds a Master’s Degree in Urban Development Planning from the University College of London (UCL), and a Ph.D. in Urban Planning & Engineering from TU Berlin. He has conducted applied research on urban planning and infrastructure issues in over 20 countries in Africa and Asia. In 2005 he joined Eawag-Sandec as Leader of the Strategic Environmental Sanitation Planning Group. Since 2015 he heads the research department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Research and Technology (Eawag).",institutionString:"Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Switzerland",institution:null},editorTwo:{id:"290571",title:"Dr.",name:"Rui Alexandre",middleName:null,surname:"Castanho",slug:"rui-alexandre-castanho",fullName:"Rui Alexandre Castanho",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/290571/images/system/290571.jpg",biography:"Rui Alexandre Castanho has a master\\'s degree in Planning, Audit, and Control in Urban Green Spaces and an international Ph.D. in Sustainable Planning in Borderlands. Currently, he is a professor at WSB University, Poland, and a visiting professor at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Dr. Castanho is a post-doc researcher on the GREAT Project, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. He collaborates with the Environmental Resources Analysis Research Group (ARAM), University of Extremadura (UEx), Spain; VALORIZA - Research Center for the Enhancement of Endogenous Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), Portugal; Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CITUR), Madeira, Portugal; and AQUAGEO Research Group, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.",institutionString:"University of Johannesburg, South Africa and WSB University, Poland",institution:{name:"University of Johannesburg",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:10,paginationItems:[{id:"81297",title:"Legumes Cropping and Nitrogen Fixation under Mediterranean Climate",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104473",signatures:"Fernando Teixeira",slug:"legumes-cropping-and-nitrogen-fixation-under-mediterranean-climate",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Food Systems Resilience",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10897.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"81493",title:"Rust Disease Classification Using Deep Learning Based Algorithm: The Case of Wheat",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104426",signatures:"Shivani Sood, Harjeet Singh and Suruchi Jindal",slug:"rust-disease-classification-using-deep-learning-based-algorithm-the-case-of-wheat",totalDownloads:37,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Food Systems Resilience",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10897.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"81428",title:"Observatory of Sustainable Development in Postgraduate Study Programs in Baja California",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104641",signatures:"Rodolfo Martinez-Gutierrez, Maria Marcela Solis-Quinteros, Maria Esther Ibarra-Estrada and Angel Ernesto Jimenez-Bernardino",slug:"observatory-of-sustainable-development-in-postgraduate-study-programs-in-baja-california",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Globalization and Sustainability - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Emerging Issues",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11476.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}},{id:"81235",title:"Global Food System Transformation for Resilience",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102749",signatures:"Jasper Okoro Godwin Elechi, Ikechukwu U. Nwiyi and Cornelius Smah Adamu",slug:"global-food-system-transformation-for-resilience",totalDownloads:35,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Food Systems Resilience",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10897.jpg",subseries:{id:"91",title:"Sustainable Economy and Fair Society"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"11669",title:"Fatty Acids - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11669.jpg",hash:"9117bd12dc904ced43404e3383b6591a",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 3rd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"415310",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Erik",surname:"Froyen",slug:"erik-froyen",fullName:"Erik Froyen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11672",title:"Chemokines Updates",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11672.jpg",hash:"c00855833476a514d37abf7c846e16e9",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 6th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"14794",title:"Prof.",name:"Murat",surname:"Şentürk",slug:"murat-senturk",fullName:"Murat Şentürk"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11674",title:"Updates on Endoplasmic Reticulum",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11674.jpg",hash:"5d7d49bd80f53dad3761f78de4a862c6",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 6th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"238047",title:"Dr.",name:"Gaia",surname:"Favero",slug:"gaia-favero",fullName:"Gaia Favero"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11670",title:"Chitin-Chitosan - Isolation, Properties, and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11670.jpg",hash:"69f009be08998711eecfb200adc7deca",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"May 26th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"176093",title:"Dr.",name:"Brajesh",surname:"Kumar",slug:"brajesh-kumar",fullName:"Brajesh Kumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11673",title:"Stem Cell Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11673.jpg",hash:"13092df328080c762dd9157be18ca38c",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 8th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"203598",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Diana",surname:"Kitala",slug:"diana-kitala",fullName:"Diana Kitala"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:17,paginationItems:[{id:"81791",title:"Self-Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning in Computer Vision",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104785",signatures:"Yalin Bastanlar and Semih Orhan",slug:"self-supervised-contrastive-representation-learning-in-computer-vision",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79345",title:"Application of Jump Diffusion Models in Insurance Claim Estimation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99853",signatures:"Leonard Mushunje, Chiedza Elvina Mashiri, Edina Chandiwana and Maxwell Mashasha",slug:"application-of-jump-diffusion-models-in-insurance-claim-estimation-1",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81557",title:"Object Tracking Using Adapted Optical Flow",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102863",signatures:"Ronaldo Ferreira, Joaquim José de Castro Ferreira and António José Ribeiro Neves",slug:"object-tracking-using-adapted-optical-flow",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81558",title:"Thresholding Image Techniques for Plant Segmentation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104587",signatures:"Miguel Ángel Castillo-Martínez, Francisco Javier Gallegos-Funes, Blanca E. Carvajal-Gámez, Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa and Alberto J. Rosales-Silva",slug:"thresholding-image-techniques-for-plant-segmentation",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81471",title:"Semantic Map: Bringing Together Groups and Discourses",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103818",signatures:"Theodore Chadjipadelis and Georgia Panagiotidou",slug:"semantic-map-bringing-together-groups-and-discourses",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79491",title:"Fuzzy Perceptron Learning for Non-Linearly Separable Patterns",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101312",signatures:"Raja Kishor Duggirala",slug:"fuzzy-perceptron-learning-for-non-linearly-separable-patterns",totalDownloads:14,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Raja Kishor",surname:"Duggirala"}],book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81234",title:"Cognitive Visual Tracking of Hand Gestures in Real-Time RGB Videos",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103170",signatures:"Richa Golash and Yogendra Kumar Jain",slug:"cognitive-visual-tracking-of-hand-gestures-in-real-time-rgb-videos",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81331",title:"Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Contraceptive Practice among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh: A Hierarchical Machine Learning Classification Approach",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103187",signatures:"Iqramul Haq, Md. Ismail Hossain, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Md. Injamul Haq Methun, Ashis Talukder, Md. Jakaria Habib and Md. Sanwar Hossain",slug:"machine-learning-algorithm-based-contraceptive-practice-among-ever-married-women-in-bangladesh-a-hie",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11422.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81321",title:"Velocity Planning via Model-Based Reinforcement Learning: Demonstrating Results on PILCO for One-Dimensional Linear Motion with Bounded Acceleration",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103690",signatures:"Hsuan-Cheng Liao, Han-Jung Chou and Jing-Sin Liu",slug:"velocity-planning-via-model-based-reinforcement-learning-demonstrating-results-on-pilco-for-one-dime",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Applied Intelligence - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11418.jpg",subseries:{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence"}}},{id:"80937",title:"Assessing Heterogeneity of Two-Part Model via Bayesian Model-Based Clustering with Its Application to Cocaine Use Data",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103089",signatures:"Ye-Mao Xia, Qi-Hang Zhu and Jian-Wei Gou",slug:"assessing-heterogeneity-of-two-part-model-via-bayesian-model-based-clustering-with-its-application-t",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Applied Intelligence",value:22,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Computer Vision",value:24,count:8,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",value:26,count:8,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10654",title:"Brain-Computer Interface",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10654.jpg",slug:"brain-computer-interface",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Vahid Asadpour",hash:"a5308884068cc53ed31c6baba756857f",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Brain-Computer Interface",editors:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165328/images/system/165328.jpg",institutionString:"Kaiser Permanente Southern California",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10859",title:"Data Mining",subtitle:"Concepts and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10859.jpg",slug:"data-mining-concepts-and-applications",publishedDate:"March 30th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Ciza Thomas",hash:"63a4e514e537d3962cf53ef1c6b9d5eb",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Data Mining - Concepts and Applications",editors:[{id:"43680",title:"Prof.",name:"Ciza",middleName:null,surname:"Thomas",slug:"ciza-thomas",fullName:"Ciza Thomas",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/43680/images/system/43680.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Government of Kerala",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10651",title:"Machine Learning",subtitle:"Algorithms, Models and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10651.jpg",slug:"machine-learning-algorithms-models-and-applications",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Jaydip Sen",hash:"6208156401c496e0a4ca5ff4265324cc",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Machine Learning - Algorithms, Models and Applications",editors:[{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9869",title:"Self-Driving Vehicles and Enabling Technologies",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9869.jpg",slug:"self-driving-vehicles-and-enabling-technologies",publishedDate:"September 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marian Găiceanu",hash:"fd451ca2e4785ef098e04b7d695a18d9",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Self-Driving Vehicles and Enabling Technologies",editors:[{id:"169608",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Găiceanu",slug:"marian-gaiceanu",fullName:"Marian Găiceanu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169608/images/system/169608.png",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9958",title:"Artificial Intelligence",subtitle:"Latest Advances, New Paradigms and Novel Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9958.jpg",slug:"artificial-intelligence-latest-advances-new-paradigms-and-novel-applications",publishedDate:"September 1st 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Eneko Osaba, Esther Villar, Jesús L. Lobo and Ibai Laña",hash:"39648fbfdaa11385097d62b1f13aad54",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Artificial Intelligence - Latest Advances, New Paradigms and Novel Applications",editors:[{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9963",title:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9963.jpg",slug:"advances-and-applications-in-deep-learning",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"0d51ba46f22e55cb89140f60d86a071e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7656",title:"Fuzzy Logic",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7656.jpg",slug:"fuzzy-logic",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Constantin Volosencu",hash:"54f092d4ffe0abf5e4172a80025019bc",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Fuzzy Logic",editors:[{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7726",title:"Swarm Intelligence",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7726.jpg",slug:"swarm-intelligence-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Javier Del Ser, Esther Villar and Eneko Osaba",hash:"e7ea7e74ce7a7a8e5359629e07c68d31",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",editors:[{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7723",title:"Artificial Intelligence",subtitle:"Applications in Medicine and Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7723.jpg",slug:"artificial-intelligence-applications-in-medicine-and-biology",publishedDate:"July 31st 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"a3852659e727f95c98c740ed98146011",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Artificial Intelligence - Applications in Medicine and Biology",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Computational Neuroscience",value:23,count:1},{group:"subseries",caption:"Evolutionary Computation",value:25,count:1},{group:"subseries",caption:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",value:26,count:3},{group:"subseries",caption:"Applied Intelligence",value:22,count:4}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:2},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:2},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:2}],authors:{paginationCount:148,paginationItems:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165328/images/system/165328.jpg",biography:"Vahid Asadpour, MS, Ph.D., is currently with the Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California. He has both an MS and Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering. He was previously a research scientist at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and visiting professor and researcher at the University of North Dakota. He is currently working in artificial intelligence and its applications in medical signal processing. In addition, he is using digital signal processing in medical imaging and speech processing. Dr. Asadpour has developed brain-computer interfacing algorithms and has published books, book chapters, and several journal and conference papers in this field and other areas of intelligent signal processing. He has also designed medical devices, including a laser Doppler monitoring system.",institutionString:"Kaiser Permanente Southern California",institution:null},{id:"169608",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Găiceanu",slug:"marian-gaiceanu",fullName:"Marian Găiceanu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169608/images/system/169608.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Marian Gaiceanu graduated from the Naval and Electrical Engineering Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania, in 1997. He received a Ph.D. (Magna Cum Laude) in Electrical Engineering in 2002. Since 2017, Dr. Gaiceanu has been a Ph.D. supervisor for students in Electrical Engineering. He has been employed at Dunarea de Jos University of Galati since 1996, where he is currently a professor. Dr. Gaiceanu is a member of the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, an expert of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Funding, and a member of the Senate of the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. He has been the head of the Integrated Energy Conversion Systems and Advanced Control of Complex Processes Research Center, Romania, since 2016. He has conducted several projects in power converter systems for electrical drives, power quality, PEM and SOFC fuel cell power converters for utilities, electric vehicles, and marine applications with the Department of Regulation and Control, SIEI S.pA. (2002–2004) and the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy (2002–2004, 2006–2007). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and cofounder-member of the IEEE Power Electronics Romanian Chapter. He is a guest editor at Energies and an academic book editor for IntechOpen. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science and Sustainability. Dr. Gaiceanu has been General Chairman of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the last six editions.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",biography:"Jaydip Sen is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Data Science. His research areas include security and privacy issues in computing and communication, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in the financial domain. He has more than 200 publications in reputed international journals, refereed conference proceedings, and 20 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Springer, CRC press, IGI Global, etc. Currently, he is serving on the editorial board of the prestigious journal Frontiers in Communications and Networks and in the technical program committees of a number of high-ranked international conferences organized by the IEEE, USA, and the ACM, USA. He has been listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world for the last three consecutive years, 2019 to 2021 as per studies conducted by the Stanford University, USA.",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null},{id:"320071",title:"Dr.",name:"Sidra",middleName:null,surname:"Mehtab",slug:"sidra-mehtab",fullName:"Sidra Mehtab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002v6KHoQAM/Profile_Picture_1584512086360",biography:"Sidra Mehtab has completed her BS with honors in Physics from Calcutta University, India in 2018. She has done MS in Data Science and Analytics from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Kolkata, India in 2020. Her research areas include Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer and Network Security with a particular focus on Cyber Security Analytics. Ms. Mehtab has published seven papers in international conferences and one of her papers has been accepted for publication in a reputable international journal. She has won the best paper awards in two prestigious international conferences – BAICONF 2019, and ICADCML 2021, organized in the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India in December 2019, and SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2021. Besides, Ms. Mehtab has also published two book chapters in two books. Seven of her book chapters will be published in a volume shortly in 2021 by Cambridge Scholars’ Press, UK. Currently, she is working as the joint editor of two edited volumes on Time Series Analysis and Forecasting to be published in the first half of 2021 by an international house. Currently, she is working as a Data Scientist with an MNC in Delhi, India.",institutionString:"NSHM College of Management and Technology",institution:null},{id:"226240",title:"Dr.",name:"Andri Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Rifai",slug:"andri-irfan-rifai",fullName:"Andri Irfan Rifai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226240/images/7412_n.jpg",biography:"Andri IRFAN is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering and Planning. He completed the PhD at the Universitas Indonesia & Universidade do Minho with Sandwich Program Scholarship from the Directorate General of Higher Education and LPDP scholarship. He has been teaching for more than 19 years and much active to applied his knowledge in the project construction in Indonesia. His research interest ranges from pavement management system to advanced data mining techniques for transportation engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in journals and 2 books.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universitas Internasional Batam",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"314576",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibai",middleName:null,surname:"Laña",slug:"ibai-lana",fullName:"Ibai Laña",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314576/images/system/314576.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ibai Laña works at TECNALIA as a data analyst. He received his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain, in 2018. He is currently a senior researcher at TECNALIA. His research interests fall within the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, machine learning, traffic data analysis, and data science. He has dealt with urban traffic forecasting problems, applying machine learning models and evolutionary algorithms. He has experience in origin-destination matrix estimation or point of interest and trajectory detection. Working with large volumes of data has given him a good command of big data processing tools and NoSQL databases. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"314575",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"L. Lobo",slug:"jesus-l.-lobo",fullName:"Jesus L. Lobo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314575/images/system/314575.png",biography:"Dr. Jesús López is currently based in Bilbao (Spain) working at TECNALIA as Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist. In most cases, a project idea or a new research line needs to be investigated to see if it is good enough to take into production or to focus on it. That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"103779",title:"Prof.",name:"Yalcin",middleName:null,surname:"Isler",slug:"yalcin-isler",fullName:"Yalcin Isler",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRyQ8QAK/Profile_Picture_1628834958734",biography:"Yalcin Isler (1971 - Burdur / Turkey) received the B.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2009, and the Competence of Associate Professorship from the Turkish Interuniversity Council in 2019.\n\nHe was Lecturer at Burdur Vocational School in Suleyman Demirel University (1993-2000, Burdur / Turkey), Software Engineer (2000-2002, Izmir / Turkey), Research Assistant in Bulent Ecevit University (2002-2003, Zonguldak / Turkey), Research Assistant in Dokuz Eylul University (2003-2010, Izmir / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Bulent Ecevit University (2010-2012, Zonguldak / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Izmir Katip Celebi University (2012-2019, Izmir / Turkey). He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir / Turkey, since 2019. In addition to academics, he has also founded Islerya Medical and Information Technologies Company, Izmir / Turkey, since 2017.\n\nHis main research interests cover biomedical signal processing, pattern recognition, medical device design, programming, and embedded systems. He has many scientific papers and participated in several projects in these study fields. He was an IEEE Student Member (2009-2011) and IEEE Member (2011-2014) and has been IEEE Senior Member since 2014.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. Currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied Science, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. She taught so many courses of Mathematics of UG and PG level. Her research Area of Expertise is Functional Analysis & Sequence Spaces. She has been working on Ideal Convergence of double sequence. She has published 17 research papers in National and International Journals including Cogent Mathematics, Filomat, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Advances in Difference Equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Journal of Mathematical & Computer Science etc. She has also reviewed few research papers for the and international journals. She is a member of Indian Mathematical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"414880",title:"Dr.",name:"Maryam",middleName:null,surname:"Vatankhah",slug:"maryam-vatankhah",fullName:"Maryam Vatankhah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Borough of Manhattan Community College",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"414879",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad-Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",slug:"mohammad-reza-akbarzadeh-totonchi",fullName:"Mohammad-Reza Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"414878",title:"Prof.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Fazel-Rezai",slug:"reza-fazel-rezai",fullName:"Reza Fazel-Rezai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"American Public University System",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"302698",title:"Dr.",name:"Yao",middleName:null,surname:"Shan",slug:"yao-shan",fullName:"Yao Shan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Dalian University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"125911",title:"Prof.",name:"Jia-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"jia-ching-wang",fullName:"Jia-Ching Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Central University",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"357085",title:"Mr.",name:"P. Mohan",middleName:null,surname:"Anand",slug:"p.-mohan-anand",fullName:"P. Mohan Anand",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356696",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"P.V.",middleName:null,surname:"Sai Charan",slug:"p.v.-sai-charan",fullName:"P.V. Sai Charan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"357086",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandeep K.",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",slug:"sandeep-k.-shukla",fullName:"Sandeep K. Shukla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356823",title:"MSc.",name:"Seonghee",middleName:null,surname:"Min",slug:"seonghee-min",fullName:"Seonghee Min",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu University",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"353307",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoosoo",middleName:null,surname:"Oh",slug:"yoosoo-oh",fullName:"Yoosoo Oh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:"Yoosoo Oh received his Bachelor's degree in the Department of Electronics and Engineering from Kyungpook National University in 2002. He obtained his Master’s degree in the Department of Information and Communications from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) in 2003. In 2010, he received his Ph.D. degree in the School of Information and Mechatronics from GIST. In the meantime, he was an executed team leader at Culture Technology Institute, GIST, 2010-2012. In 2011, he worked at Lancaster University, the UK as a visiting scholar. In September 2012, he joined Daegu University, where he is currently an associate professor in the School of ICT Conver, Daegu University. Also, he served as the Board of Directors of KSIIS since 2019, and HCI Korea since 2016. From 2017~2019, he worked as a center director of the Mixed Reality Convergence Research Center at Daegu University. From 2015-2017, He worked as a director in the Enterprise Supporting Office of LINC Project Group, Daegu University. His research interests include Activity Fusion & Reasoning, Machine Learning, Context-aware Middleware, Human-Computer Interaction, etc.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"262719",title:"Dr.",name:"Esma",middleName:null,surname:"Ergüner Özkoç",slug:"esma-erguner-ozkoc",fullName:"Esma Ergüner Özkoç",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Başkent University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"346530",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibrahim",middleName:null,surname:"Kaya",slug:"ibrahim-kaya",fullName:"Ibrahim Kaya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"419199",title:"Dr.",name:"Qun",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"qun-yang",fullName:"Qun Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Auckland",country:{name:"New Zealand"}}},{id:"351158",title:"Prof.",name:"David W.",middleName:null,surname:"Anderson",slug:"david-w.-anderson",fullName:"David W. Anderson",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Calgary",country:{name:"Canada"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"13",type:"subseries",title:"Plant Physiology",keywords:"Plant Nutrition, Plant Hormone, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Plant Stress, Multi-omics, High-throughput Technology, Genome Editing",scope:"Plant Physiology explores fundamental processes in plants, and it includes subtopics such as plant nutrition, plant hormone, photosynthesis, respiration, and plant stress. In recent years, emerging technologies such as multi-omics, high-throughput technologies, and genome editing tools could assist plant physiologists in unraveling molecular mechanisms in specific critical pathways. The global picture of physiological processes in plants needs to be investigated continually to increase our knowledge, and the resulting technologies will benefit sustainable agriculture.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/13.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11409,editor:{id:"332229",title:"Prof.",name:"Jen-Tsung",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",slug:"jen-tsung-chen",fullName:"Jen-Tsung Chen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/332229/images/system/332229.png",biography:"Dr. Jen-Tsung Chen is currently a professor at the National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He teaches cell biology, genomics, proteomics, medicinal plant biotechnology, and plant tissue culture. Dr. Chen\\'s research interests include bioactive compounds, chromatography techniques, in vitro culture, medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and plant biotechnology. He has published more than ninety scientific papers and serves as an editorial board member for Plant Methods, Biomolecules, and International Journal of Molecular Sciences.",institutionString:"National University of Kaohsiung",institution:{name:"National University of Kaohsiung",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"10",title:"Physiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",issn:"2631-8261"},editorialBoard:[{id:"313856",title:"Dr.",name:"Christophe",middleName:"F.E.",surname:"Hano",slug:"christophe-hano",fullName:"Christophe Hano",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313856/images/system/313856.png",institutionString:"University of Orléans",institution:{name:"University of Orléans",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"33993",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Jimenez-Lopez",slug:"jose-carlos-jimenez-lopez",fullName:"Jose Carlos Jimenez-Lopez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/33993/images/system/33993.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Spanish National Research Council",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"191770",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed A.",middleName:null,surname:"El-Esawi",slug:"mohamed-a.-el-esawi",fullName:"Mohamed A. El-Esawi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/191770/images/system/191770.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tanta University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"247858",title:"Dr.",name:"Saddam",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"saddam-hussain",fullName:"Saddam Hussain",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSF2aQAG/Profile_Picture_1625658281836",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agriculture Faisalabad",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Pakistan"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"81576",title:"Carotenoids in Thermal Adaptation of Plants and Animals",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104537",signatures:"Ivan M. Petyaev",slug:"carotenoids-in-thermal-adaptation-of-plants-and-animals",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Ivan",surname:"Petyaev"}],book:{title:"Carotenoids - New Perspectives and Application",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10836.jpg",subseries:{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology"}}},{id:"81358",title:"New Insights on Carotenoid Production by Gordonia alkanivorans Strain 1B",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103919",signatures:"Tiago P. Silva, Susana M. Paixão, Ana S. Fernandes, José C. Roseiro and Luís Alves",slug:"new-insights-on-carotenoid-production-by-gordonia-alkanivorans-strain-1b",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Carotenoids - New Perspectives and Application",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10836.jpg",subseries:{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology"}}},{id:"81246",title:"Role of Carotenoids in Cardiovascular Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102750",signatures:"Arslan Ahmad, Sakhawat Riaz, Muhammad Shahzaib Nadeem, Umber Mubeen and Khadija Maham",slug:"role-of-carotenoids-in-cardiovascular-disease",totalDownloads:27,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Carotenoids - New Perspectives and Application",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10836.jpg",subseries:{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology"}}},{id:"81159",title:"Potential of Carotenoids from Fresh Tomatoes and Their Availability in Processed Tomato-Based Products",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103933",signatures:"Rose Daphnee Ngameni Tchonkouang, Maria Dulce Carlos Antunes and Maria Margarida Cortês Vieira",slug:"potential-of-carotenoids-from-fresh-tomatoes-and-their-availability-in-processed-tomato-based-produc",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Carotenoids - New Perspectives and Application",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10836.jpg",subseries:{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology"}}},{id:"80902",title:"Computational Chemistry Study of Natural Apocarotenoids and Their Synthetic Glycopeptide Conjugates as Therapeutic Drugs",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103130",signatures:"Norma Flores-Holguín, Juan Frau and Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"computational-chemistry-study-of-natural-apocarotenoids-and-their-synthetic-glycopeptide-conjugates-",totalDownloads:29,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Norma",surname:"Flores-Holguín"},{name:"Daniel",surname:"Glossman-Mitnik"},{name:"Juan",surname:"Frau"}],book:{title:"Carotenoids - New Perspectives and Application",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10836.jpg",subseries:{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinases",subtitle:"Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",slug:"protein-kinases-promising-targets-for-anticancer-drug-research",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rajesh Kumar Singh",hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",volumeInSeries:24,fullTitle:"Protein Kinases - Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9742",title:"Ubiquitin",subtitle:"Proteasome Pathway",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9742.jpg",slug:"ubiquitin-proteasome-pathway",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Xianquan Zhan",hash:"af6880d3a5571da1377ac8f6373b9e82",volumeInSeries:18,fullTitle:"Ubiquitin - Proteasome Pathway",editors:[{id:"223233",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/223233/images/system/223233.png",institutionString:"Shandong First Medical University",institution:{name:"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6820",title:"Keratin",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6820.jpg",slug:"keratin",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Miroslav Blumenberg",hash:"6def75cd4b6b5324a02b6dc0359896d0",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Keratin",editors:[{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",slug:"miroslav-blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:287,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:10,numberOfPublishedChapters:103,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"4",title:"Fungal Infectious Diseases",scope:"Fungi are ubiquitous and there are almost no non-pathogenic fungi. Fungal infectious illness prevalence and prognosis are determined by the exposure between fungi and host, host immunological state, fungal virulence, and early and accurate diagnosis and treatment. \r\nPatients with both congenital and acquired immunodeficiency are more likely to be infected with opportunistic mycosis. Fungal infectious disease outbreaks are common during the post- disaster rebuilding era, which is characterised by high population density, migration, and poor health and medical conditions.\r\nSystemic or local fungal infection is mainly associated with the fungi directly inhaled or inoculated in the environment during the disaster. The most common fungal infection pathways are human to human (anthropophilic), animal to human (zoophilic), and environment to human (soilophile). Diseases are common as a result of widespread exposure to pathogenic fungus dispersed into the environment. \r\nFungi that are both common and emerging are intertwined. In Southeast Asia, for example, Talaromyces marneffei is an important pathogenic thermally dimorphic fungus that causes systemic mycosis. Widespread fungal infections with complicated and variable clinical manifestations, such as Candida auris infection resistant to several antifungal medicines, Covid-19 associated with Trichoderma, and terbinafine resistant dermatophytosis in India, are among the most serious disorders. \r\nInappropriate local or systemic use of glucocorticoids, as well as their immunosuppressive effects, may lead to changes in fungal infection spectrum and clinical characteristics. Hematogenous candidiasis is a worrisome issue that affects people all over the world, particularly ICU patients. CARD9 deficiency and fungal infection have been major issues in recent years. Invasive aspergillosis is associated with a significant death rate. Special attention should be given to endemic fungal infections, identification of important clinical fungal infections advanced in yeasts, filamentous fungal infections, skin mycobiome and fungal genomes, and immunity to fungal infections.\r\nIn addition, endemic fungal diseases or uncommon fungal infections caused by Mucor irregularis, dermatophytosis, Malassezia, cryptococcosis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidiosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, and other fungi, should be monitored. \r\nThis topic includes the research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of fungal infections, new methods of isolation and identification, rapid detection, drug sensitivity testing, new antifungal drugs, schemes and case series reports. It will provide significant opportunities and support for scientists, clinical doctors, mycologists, antifungal drug researchers, public health practitioners, and epidemiologists from all over the world to share new research, ideas and solutions to promote the development and progress of medical mycology.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/4.jpg",keywords:"Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Invasive Infections, Epidemiology, Cell Membrane, Fungal Virulence, Diagnosis, Treatment"},{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",scope:"Parasitic diseases have evolved alongside their human hosts. In many cases, these diseases have adapted so well that they have developed efficient resilience methods in the human host and can live in the host for years. Others, particularly some blood parasites, can cause very acute diseases and are responsible for millions of deaths yearly. Many parasitic diseases are classified as neglected tropical diseases because they have received minimal funding over recent years and, in many cases, are under-reported despite the critical role they play in morbidity and mortality among human and animal hosts. The current topic, Parasitic Infectious Diseases, in the Infectious Diseases Series aims to publish studies on the systematics, epidemiology, molecular biology, genomics, pathogenesis, genetics, and clinical significance of parasitic diseases from blood borne to intestinal parasites as well as zoonotic parasites. We hope to cover all aspects of parasitic diseases to provide current and relevant research data on these very important diseases. In the current atmosphere of the Coronavirus pandemic, communities around the world, particularly those in different underdeveloped areas, are faced with the growing challenges of the high burden of parasitic diseases. At the same time, they are faced with the Covid-19 pandemic leading to what some authors have called potential syndemics that might worsen the outcome of such infections. Therefore, it is important to conduct studies that examine parasitic infections in the context of the coronavirus pandemic for the benefit of all communities to help foster more informed decisions for the betterment of human and animal health.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/5.jpg",keywords:"Blood Borne Parasites, Intestinal Parasites, Protozoa, Helminths, Arthropods, Water Born Parasites, Epidemiology, Molecular Biology, Systematics, Genomics, Proteomics, Ecology"},{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases",scope:"The Viral Infectious Diseases Book Series aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends and discoveries in various viral infectious diseases emerging around the globe. The emergence of any viral disease is hard to anticipate, which often contributes to death. A viral disease can be defined as an infectious disease that has recently appeared within a population or exists in nature with the rapid expansion of incident or geographic range. This series will focus on various crucial factors related to emerging viral infectious diseases, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, host immune response, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical recommendations for managing viral infectious diseases, highlighting the recent issues with future directions for effective therapeutic strategies.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/6.jpg",keywords:"Novel Viruses, Virus Transmission, Virus Evolution, Molecular Virology, Control and Prevention, Virus-host Interaction"}],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:{title:"Infectious Diseases",id:"6"},selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:null},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"ofsBook.detail",path:"/welcome/e3d02512ccae0638a73c5c2839e50015",hash:"",query:{},params:{hash:"e3d02512ccae0638a73c5c2839e50015"},fullPath:"/welcome/e3d02512ccae0638a73c5c2839e50015",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()