\r\n\t
\r\n\tThe aim of this book project is to compile the updated research work on medicinal applications of noble metal complexes mainly focusing the structure activity relationship of metal complexes with targeting biological components.
Long-term crude oil storage in the tanks, as well as transportation by tank wagons and tankers, is accompanied by agglomeration and precipitation of water, inorganic impurities, paraffin, resins and asphaltenes. Organic part of the sediment is a product of crude oxidation that occurs in the course of oil contact with air and is followed by condensation reactions. Inorganics and water are caught into oil during production and transportation. Temperature drop in the tank makes some of the heavy components of crude oil insoluble. They gravitate onto the bottom in aggregate with inorganics and water. Bottom sediment reduces effective tank volume, promotes corrosive action, complicates oil transfer and water drain out. As heavy crude fraction is growing step by step in the whole production volume, the problem of bottom sludge in the oil storage tank will enhance.
Mechanical methods of sludge disposal usually include scraping and auger techniques. In complicated cases, a technological pass-through is made for a robot-machine [1]. The personnel in this case must work using supplied-air respirators. As mechanical cleaning is accompanied by a number of problems, such as pretreatment, degassing, manual labor in gas hazard conditions, oil sludge disposal, all of which making it rather expensive and time-consuming, it is only applied in the case of maintenance shutdown or tank repurposing.
Now Transneft Company makes extensive use of screw propellers, both for caving bottom deposits and prevention of their accumulations. They are fixed in a manhole of a tank first circle and make a flooded jet of oscillating direction within the sector of about 60o in a plane parallel to the tank bottom [2]. However, this method has downsides, the biggest of which is quite large energy consumption that makes the use of “Diogen” screw propeller for prevention of bottom sediments formation not feasible. Other disadvantages [3]: peripheral propeller location, i.e. at the tank wall, which reduces the efficiency of the impact on the bottom area close to the opposite wall, as well as the occurrence of vibrations and increased stress in the welded joint of the inlet-distribution nozzle. In addition, in the case of high-viscosity oil, mixing can be difficult due to reduced mixing efficiency. Purely mechanical cleaning methods are complemented, if necessary, by physical and chemical methods, which allow for more comprehensive disposal of heavy oil components. Among such methods are the action of solvents, reagents and heated oil [4]; warm water containing surfactants [5], etc. As a result of this action, deposits are heated, liquefied and homogenized with subsequent separation of hydrocarbons by means of filter presses [6], centrifuges [7], and other methods. However, almost always after hydrocarbons are removed, solid residues are buried, which has an adverse impact on the environment. The cleaning procedure involves emptying and decommissioning of the tank for a period of two to seven weeks depending on the tank volume, amount of sediments and season of the year.
As a rule, it is more beneficial to prevent the formation of sediments rather than to clean the already settled ones. For these purposes, for instance, a tank can be equipped with either jet hydraulic mixers (Figure 1) or a washout unit where the inlet nozzles fit with washout heads that generate flooded crude oil jets directed along the tank bottom. One of the options for washout heads is a plate lying on the tank bottom that, when being subjected to crude oil pressure, elevates, thus, forming a fan-shape jet.
Diagram of cross sections of mixer for calculations: 1 – Supply nozzle; 2 – Lateral nozzles; 3 – Confusor; 4 – Central nozzle; 5 – Inlet to the mixing chamber.
Both washout systems are characterized by cost efficiency due to the use of the part of potential flow energy in the pipeline section preceding the tank inlet and quite high hydrodynamic capacity exceeding the capacity of propeller type mixers. Let us focus on washout heads system, the efficiency of which, as shown in paper [8], can be significantly enhanced without additional capital investments and which can be used not only to prevent tank bottom sediments formation but also for tank cleaning.
Under standard operational conditions, areas covered by washout heads should overlap. However, in the case of low oil pressure or if a head gap gets clogged, the areas of coverage of fan-shaped jets do not overlap and stagnation zones are formed where a build-up of bottom sediments occurs. In our case, for a number of reasons, sediments occupied about 20% of the useful volume of the tank. And activation of flooded jets of oil, coming out of washout heads, was attempted to be made through injection of high molecular weight oil soluble polymers into the pipeline section preceding the tank inlet [8].
It is known that polymer additives capable to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of liquids, when introduced into the flow, significantly increase the compact part of flooded and free jets. Increase in the range of open jets is used, for example, in firefighting and water jet rock destruction. In the latter case, the aqueous polymer solutions perform similarly to sand slurries that have abrasion wear effect on perpendicular plate [9] due to polymeric associates present in the solution [10]. The size of such supermolecular features, according to the authors, is about 1 mm, and their relaxation time is about 1·10−3-1·10−2 s. Associates behave like drops of ordinary fluid in deformation processes with characteristic time exceeding the aforementioned time. If the deceleration time is much shorter than their relaxation time, associates behave like solid particles. Analysis of thin sections of washout zones in metal plates treated with high-speed jets of aqueous polymer solutions indicate in favor of the impact nature of their destruction.
Something similar can occur in the flooded oil jets upon introduction of linear polymers molecules of high molecular weight into the flow: length of the compact part of a stream considerably increases, thus, the action area of a washout head increases by several times. On the other hand, in a compact part of jet, macromolecules and their associates, being guided by the flow, can form anisotropic structures of “thread” or “needle” types. Such inclusions, when encountering a perpendicular obstacle, at sharp braking may act as solid particles of an elongated shape that “dig” the sediment layer (Figure 2).
Presumable picture of the flooded jet action without the polymer (а) and in the presence of the polymer (б).
An additive of high-molecular octene-decenoic copolymer earlier used in experiments to increase the capacity of oil pipelines, was used as an activator for flooded jets. The copolymer solution in naphta was applied, because it takes a short time to get a mixture with oil flow. Sediments were washed out according to the scheme shown in Figure 3 (here 1 - tank; 2 - washout heads; 3 - container with polymer solution; 4 – dosing pump; 5 - extraction pump).
Scheme of the bottom sediments washout by polymeric activators of flooded jets.
Check gauging of the level of sediments made at five points - at the metering manhole, three inspection and one central manhole - showed that the average level in the first tank made 195 cm, and in the second tank - 206 cm, while the whole height of the tank was 1000 cm. The washout was carried out in a flow regime, i.e., when oil was simultaneously pumped into and out of the tank. The oil rate was about 2000 m3/hour. The level of oil above the sediment level was kept within the range of 1 to 1.5 m. The control 12 hour washout with clean oil performed through the washout heads gave practically no changes either in the height of the sediment level or in the oil composition at the inlet and outlet of the tanks.
The polymer solution was dosed into the receiving pipeline at a distance of 200 m from the tank, the polymer concentration in oil was about 50 ppm (parts per million). The beginning of dosing was accompanied by the growth of water presence in oil at the outlet of the tank: at an average concentration of 0.18% at the outlet, it exceeded 2%. It gave evidence of the dispersion of bottom sediments that contained water. In 10 hours the dosing of the concentrate was stopped, but the circulation regime was maintained for another 10 hours to complete the hydraulic transport of washed out sediments outside the tank. The tank was then filled with oil and allowed its contents to settle for 24 hours. The check measurements made after that showed that the sludge level after washing out made 80 cm. About half of the concentrate had been used.
In order to reach maximum efficiency, the second half of the concentrate was used to wash out the second tank. The cycle of works was repeated in the same order. The water content at the outlet reached 2.7%. Check measurements of sediment level made after cleaning showed an average value of 69 cm. Thus, as a result of the experiment, about 4000 tons of bottom sediments were removed and mixed with oil from two 20,000 ton vertical tanks. The cleaning procedure including preparation activities took ten calendar days. The interaction of the activated flooded jet with the sediments was so intense that the external tank wall warmed up to a temperature of about 40°С within the height of sediments location. Dissipation of mechanical energy of the “reinforced” jet into the heat energy, apparently, causes autoacceleration of the washout process due to softening the object under the impact of a flooded jet.
The following advantages of the considered cleaning method should be noted:
useful settlement components are preserved;
no soil contamination;
simplicity of hardware design/equipment required;
fire safety, as there are no works performed inside the tank;
the tank is taken out of operation for a short time: the cleaning procedure itself takes about one week;
no personnel are exposed to harmful fumes during the cleaning process.
The method of activation of oil flooded jets can be used both for tank cleaning and prevention of bottom sediments accumulation.
The idea of an immiscible layer is a separate topic, as it offers a fundamentally new approach to the prevention of bottom sedimentation [11]. It is suggested to use a layer of a heavy liquid covering the bottom of the tank and preventing the settling of heavy oil and water components.
Immiscible layer fluid should meet three requirements: it should be immiscible to oil hydrocarbons; it should have a greater density than oil and its boiling point should be high enough. Polyatomic alcohols are most suitable for this role. Of these, glycerin (Figure 4) is the most applicable for it is available and has a density of 1.26 g/cm3. Asphaltenes that is the heaviest component of crude oil has a density not more than 1.1 g/cm3.
Structural formula of glycerin.
The liquid circulates through an external heat exchanger that maintains the immiscible pad temperature sufficient for thermal convection of the lower oil layers (Figure 5). In this case, heavy asphaltenes will not accumulate on the glycerin surface, and, due to thermal convection, will be distributed along the bulk.
Diagram of oil tank with immiscible layer.
The water proposed for the role of such a liquid [12] is not quite suitable due to corrosion activity and low density: heavy resins and asphaltenes with a density of about 1.1 g/cm3 will penetrate through the water layer and settle on the bottom.
Glycerin is not mixed with oil hydrocarbons and has a density of 1.26 g/cm3. Water and inorganic impurities enter the glycerin layer. Dissolved moisture is periodically removed from the glycerin by an external drying device (not shown in Figure 5). As far as mechanical impurities are concerned, they will be retained within the viscous glycerin for some time, and provided quite intense circulation, most of them will be collected at the external filter. Glycerin does not cause corrosion and its high density will protect the bottom of the tank from asphaltenes and resins settling.
The bottoms of oil tanks with the capacity of more than 5 thousand tons have, as a rule, a conical shape with a slope from the center of 1:100. The height of the immiscible layer should exceed the height of the bottom cone in the preferred case by at least 10 cm, so that the whole surface is covered with heavy immiscible layer fluid (see Figure 5). Based on this, the minimum glycerin volume for a 20 thousand tons tank should be 292 m3, for a tank of 50 thousand tons - 875 m3. The maximum volume of the hydraulic cushion is calculated from the economic feasibility: on the one hand, the formation of sediments and corrosion of the tank bottom are prevented, on the other hand, the layer volume is the “dead volume” of the tank cut off from the commodity transactions. The level of the distribution nozzle should also ensure that glycerin does not get into the pumped out oil.
All manipulations with the immiscible layer liquid can be carried out at external devices without tank shutting down from operation, and the complete set of the equipment on glycerin heating and cleaning can be used for handling of several tanks.
Glycerin is non-toxic and dissolves water together with salts. Moreover, its cost is not high, as it is a waste of biodiesel production from vegetable oils. Currently, a kilo of glycerin costs about $1 and there is a downward trend in the cost.
This method of preventing the formation of bottom sediments can multiply the period between tank cleanups and the lifetime of the tanks. Accordingly, losses of heavy oil fractions will reduce, and operation of the tank farm will be more efficient and environmentally safe.
Bringing into development of bituminous oil fields leads to “weighting” of oil pumped through the main oil pipelines. High viscosity oil has an even greater tendency to form sediments during storage. The use of heated tanks partially solves the problem, but is associated with high energy consumption. Forced circulation screw devices can be ineffective in a highly viscous medium. In this regard, the research described in the article may be useful for solving the problems that arise.
IntechOpen aims to ensure that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our Authors. To that end we maintain a flexible Copyright Policy guaranteeing that there is no transfer of copyright to the publisher and Authors retain exclusive copyright to their Work.
',metaTitle:"Publication Agreement - Chapters",metaDescription:"IN TECH aims to guarantee that original material is published while at the same time giving significant freedom to our authors. For that matter, we uphold a flexible copyright policy meaning that there is no transfer of copyright to the publisher and authors retain exclusive copyright to their work.\n\nWhen submitting a manuscript the Corresponding Author is required to accept the terms and conditions set forth in our Publication Agreement as follows:",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/publication-agreement-chapters",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"The Corresponding Author (acting on behalf of all Authors) and INTECHOPEN LIMITED, incorporated and registered in England and Wales with company number 11086078 and a registered office at 5 Princes Gate Court, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2QJ conclude the following Agreement regarding the publication of a Book Chapter:
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\\n\\nCorresponding Author: The Author of the Chapter who serves as a Signatory to this Agreement. The Corresponding Author acts on behalf of any other Co-Author.
\\n\\nCo-Author: All other Authors of the Chapter besides the Corresponding Author.
\\n\\nIntechOpen: IntechOpen Ltd., the Publisher of the Book.
\\n\\nBook: The publication as a collection of chapters compiled by IntechOpen including the Chapter. Chapter: The original literary work created by Corresponding Author and any Co-Author that is the subject of this Agreement.
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\\n\\nThe aforementioned licenses shall survive the expiry or termination of this Agreement for any reason.
\\n\\n2.2 The Corresponding Author (on their own behalf and on behalf of any Co-Author) reserves the following rights to the Chapter but agrees not to exercise them in such a way as to adversely affect IntechOpen's ability to utilize the full benefit of this Publication Agreement: (i) reprographic rights worldwide, other than those which subsist in the typographical arrangement of the Chapter as published by IntechOpen; and (ii) public lending rights arising under the Public Lending Right Act 1979, as amended from time to time, and any similar rights arising in any part of the world.
\\n\\nThe Corresponding Author confirms that they (and any Co-Author) are and will remain a member of any applicable licensing and collecting society and any successor to that body responsible for administering royalties for the reprographic reproduction of copyright works.
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\\n\\n3. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S DUTIES
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\\n\\nAll payments shall be due 30 days from the date of the issued invoice. The Corresponding Author or the payer on the Corresponding Author's and Co-Authors' behalf will bear all banking and similar charges incurred.
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\\n\\nThe Corresponding Author shall obtain written informed consent for publication from people who might recognize themselves or be identified by others (e.g. from case reports or photographs).
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\\n\\n4.1 The Corresponding Author represents and warrants that the Chapter does not and will not breach any applicable law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Chapter contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes any literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy. The Corresponding Author warrants and represents that: (i) the Chapter is the original work of themselves and any Co-Author and is not copied wholly or substantially from any other work or material or any other source; (ii) the Chapter has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal or in a book or edited collection, and is not under consideration for any such publication; (iii) they themselves and any Co-Author are qualifying persons under section 154 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; (iv) they themselves and any Co-Author have not assigned and will not during the term of this Publication Agreement purport to assign any of the rights granted to IntechOpen under this Publication Agreement; and (v) the rights granted by this Publication Agreement are free from any security interest, option, mortgage, charge or lien.
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\\n\\n4.2 Nothing in this Publication Agreement shall have the effect of excluding or limiting any liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence or any other liability that cannot be excluded or limited by applicable law.
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\\n\\nIn case of termination, IntechOpen will notify the Corresponding Author, in writing, of the decision.
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\\n\\n6.1 Unless prevented from doing so by events outside its reasonable control, IntechOpen, in its discretion, agrees to publish the Chapter attributing it to the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author.
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\\n\\n6.3 IntechOpen is granted the authority to enforce the rights from this Publication Agreement, on behalf of the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author, against third parties (for example in cases of plagiarism or copyright infringements). In respect of any such infringement or suspected infringement of the copyright in the Chapter, IntechOpen shall have absolute discretion in addressing any such infringement which is likely to affect IntechOpen's rights under this Publication Agreement, including issuing and conducting proceedings against the suspected infringer.
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\\n\\n7.3 Entire Agreement: This Publication Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties in relation to its subject matter. It replaces and extinguishes all prior agreements, draft agreements, arrangements, collateral warranties, collateral contracts, statements, assurances, representations and undertakings of any nature made by or on behalf of the parties, whether oral or written, in relation to that subject matter. Each party acknowledges that in entering into this Publication Agreement it has not relied upon any oral or written statements, collateral or other warranties, assurances, representations or undertakings which were made by or on behalf of the other party in relation to the subject matter of this Publication Agreement at any time before its signature (together "Pre-Contractual Statements"), other than those which are set out in this Publication Agreement. Each party hereby waives all rights and remedies which might otherwise be available to it in relation to such Pre-Contractual Statements. Nothing in this clause shall exclude or restrict the liability of either party arising out of its pre-contract fraudulent misrepresentation or fraudulent concealment.
\\n\\n7.4 Waiver: No failure or delay by a party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this Publication Agreement or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
\\n\\n7.5 Variation: No variation of this Publication Agreement shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the parties (or their duly authorized representatives).
\\n\\n7.6 Severance: If any provision or part-provision of this Publication Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted.
\\n\\nAny modification to or deletion of a provision or part-provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of this Publication Agreement.
\\n\\n7.7 No partnership: Nothing in this Publication Agreement is intended to, or shall be deemed to, establish or create any partnership or joint venture or the relationship of principal and agent or employer and employee between IntechOpen and the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author, nor authorize any party to make or enter into any commitments for or on behalf of any other party.
\\n\\n7.8 Governing law: This Publication Agreement and any dispute or claim (including non-contractual disputes or claims) arising out of or in connection with it or its subject matter or formation shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of England and Wales. The parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts to settle any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this Publication Agreement (including any non-contractual disputes or claims).
\\n\\nLast updated: 2020-11-27
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The Corresponding Author (acting on behalf of all Authors) and INTECHOPEN LIMITED, incorporated and registered in England and Wales with company number 11086078 and a registered office at 5 Princes Gate Court, London, United Kingdom, SW7 2QJ conclude the following Agreement regarding the publication of a Book Chapter:
\n\n1. DEFINITIONS
\n\nCorresponding Author: The Author of the Chapter who serves as a Signatory to this Agreement. The Corresponding Author acts on behalf of any other Co-Author.
\n\nCo-Author: All other Authors of the Chapter besides the Corresponding Author.
\n\nIntechOpen: IntechOpen Ltd., the Publisher of the Book.
\n\nBook: The publication as a collection of chapters compiled by IntechOpen including the Chapter. Chapter: The original literary work created by Corresponding Author and any Co-Author that is the subject of this Agreement.
\n\n2. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S GRANT OF RIGHTS
\n\n2.1 Subject to the following Article, the Corresponding Author grants and shall ensure that each Co-Author grants, to IntechOpen, during the full term of copyright and any extensions or renewals of that term the following:
\n\nThe aforementioned licenses shall survive the expiry or termination of this Agreement for any reason.
\n\n2.2 The Corresponding Author (on their own behalf and on behalf of any Co-Author) reserves the following rights to the Chapter but agrees not to exercise them in such a way as to adversely affect IntechOpen's ability to utilize the full benefit of this Publication Agreement: (i) reprographic rights worldwide, other than those which subsist in the typographical arrangement of the Chapter as published by IntechOpen; and (ii) public lending rights arising under the Public Lending Right Act 1979, as amended from time to time, and any similar rights arising in any part of the world.
\n\nThe Corresponding Author confirms that they (and any Co-Author) are and will remain a member of any applicable licensing and collecting society and any successor to that body responsible for administering royalties for the reprographic reproduction of copyright works.
\n\nSubject to the license granted above, copyright in the Chapter and all versions of it created during IntechOpen's editing process (including the published version) is retained by the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author.
\n\nSubject to the license granted above, the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author retains patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights to the Chapter.
\n\n2.3 All rights granted to IntechOpen in this Article are assignable, sublicensable or otherwise transferrable to third parties without the Corresponding Author's or any Co-Author’s specific approval.
\n\n2.4 The Corresponding Author (on their own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author) will not assert any rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to object to derogatory treatment of the Chapter as a consequence of IntechOpen's changes to the Chapter arising from translation of it, corrections and edits for house style, removal of problematic material and other reasonable edits.
\n\n3. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S DUTIES
\n\n3.1 When distributing or re-publishing the Chapter, the Corresponding Author agrees to credit the Book in which the Chapter has been published as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen. The Corresponding Author warrants that each Co-Author will also credit the Book in which the Chapter has been published as the source of first publication, as well as IntechOpen, when they are distributing or re-publishing the Chapter.
\n\n3.2 When submitting the Chapter, the Corresponding Author agrees to:
\n\nThe Corresponding Author will be held responsible for the payment of the Open Access Publishing Fees.
\n\nAll payments shall be due 30 days from the date of the issued invoice. The Corresponding Author or the payer on the Corresponding Author's and Co-Authors' behalf will bear all banking and similar charges incurred.
\n\n3.3 The Corresponding Author shall obtain in writing all consents necessary for the reproduction of any material in which a third-party right exists, including quotations, photographs and illustrations, in all editions of the Chapter worldwide for the full term of the above licenses, and shall provide to IntechOpen upon request the original copies of such consents for inspection (at IntechOpen's option) or photocopies of such consents.
\n\nThe Corresponding Author shall obtain written informed consent for publication from people who might recognize themselves or be identified by others (e.g. from case reports or photographs).
\n\n3.4 The Corresponding Author and any Co-Author shall respect confidentiality rights during and after the termination of this Agreement. The information contained in all correspondence and documents as part of the publishing activity between IntechOpen and the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author are confidential and are intended only for the recipient. The contents may not be disclosed publicly and are not intended for unauthorized use or distribution. Any use, disclosure, copying, or distribution is prohibited and may be unlawful.
\n\n4. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR'S WARRANTY
\n\n4.1 The Corresponding Author represents and warrants that the Chapter does not and will not breach any applicable law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Chapter contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes any literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy. The Corresponding Author warrants and represents that: (i) the Chapter is the original work of themselves and any Co-Author and is not copied wholly or substantially from any other work or material or any other source; (ii) the Chapter has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal or in a book or edited collection, and is not under consideration for any such publication; (iii) they themselves and any Co-Author are qualifying persons under section 154 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; (iv) they themselves and any Co-Author have not assigned and will not during the term of this Publication Agreement purport to assign any of the rights granted to IntechOpen under this Publication Agreement; and (v) the rights granted by this Publication Agreement are free from any security interest, option, mortgage, charge or lien.
\n\nThe Corresponding Author also warrants and represents that: (i) they have the full power to enter into this Publication Agreement on their own behalf and on behalf of each Co-Author; and (ii) they have the necessary rights and/or title in and to the Chapter to grant IntechOpen, on behalf of themselves and any Co-Author, the rights and licenses expressed to be granted in this Publication Agreement. If the Chapter was prepared jointly by the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author, the Corresponding Author warrants and represents that: (i) each Co-Author agrees to the submission, license and publication of the Chapter on the terms of this Publication Agreement; and (ii) they have the authority to enter into this Publication Agreement on behalf of and bind each Co-Author. The Corresponding Author shall: (i) ensure each Co-Author complies with all relevant provisions of this Publication Agreement, including those relating to confidentiality, performance and standards, as if a party to this Publication Agreement; and (ii) remain primarily liable for all acts and/or omissions of each such Co-Author.
\n\nThe Corresponding Author agrees to indemnify and hold IntechOpen harmless against all liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and losses and all reasonable legal costs and expenses suffered or incurred by IntechOpen arising out of or in connection with any breach of the aforementioned representations and warranties. This indemnity shall not cover IntechOpen to the extent that a claim under it results from IntechOpen's negligence or willful misconduct.
\n\n4.2 Nothing in this Publication Agreement shall have the effect of excluding or limiting any liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence or any other liability that cannot be excluded or limited by applicable law.
\n\n5. TERMINATION
\n\n5.1 IntechOpen has a right to terminate this Publication Agreement for quality, program, technical or other reasons with immediate effect, including without limitation (i) if the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author commits a material breach of this Publication Agreement; (ii) if the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author (being an individual) is the subject of a bankruptcy petition, application or order; or (iii) if the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author (being a company) commences negotiations with all or any class of its creditors with a view to rescheduling any of its debts, or makes a proposal for or enters into any compromise or arrangement with any of its creditors.
\n\nIn case of termination, IntechOpen will notify the Corresponding Author, in writing, of the decision.
\n\n6. INTECHOPEN’S DUTIES AND RIGHTS
\n\n6.1 Unless prevented from doing so by events outside its reasonable control, IntechOpen, in its discretion, agrees to publish the Chapter attributing it to the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author.
\n\n6.2 IntechOpen has the right to use the Corresponding Author’s and any Co-Author’s names and likeness in connection with scientific dissemination, retrieval, archiving, web hosting and promotion and marketing of the Chapter and has the right to contact the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author until the Chapter is publicly available on any platform owned and/or operated by IntechOpen.
\n\n6.3 IntechOpen is granted the authority to enforce the rights from this Publication Agreement, on behalf of the Corresponding Author and any Co-Author, against third parties (for example in cases of plagiarism or copyright infringements). In respect of any such infringement or suspected infringement of the copyright in the Chapter, IntechOpen shall have absolute discretion in addressing any such infringement which is likely to affect IntechOpen's rights under this Publication Agreement, including issuing and conducting proceedings against the suspected infringer.
\n\n7. MISCELLANEOUS
\n\n7.1 Further Assurance: The Corresponding Author shall and will ensure that any relevant third party (including any Co-Author) shall, execute and deliver whatever further documents or deeds and perform such acts as IntechOpen reasonably requires from time to time for the purpose of giving IntechOpen the full benefit of the provisions of this Publication Agreement.
\n\n7.2 Third Party Rights: A person who is not a party to this Publication Agreement may not enforce any of its provisions under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
\n\n7.3 Entire Agreement: This Publication Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties in relation to its subject matter. It replaces and extinguishes all prior agreements, draft agreements, arrangements, collateral warranties, collateral contracts, statements, assurances, representations and undertakings of any nature made by or on behalf of the parties, whether oral or written, in relation to that subject matter. Each party acknowledges that in entering into this Publication Agreement it has not relied upon any oral or written statements, collateral or other warranties, assurances, representations or undertakings which were made by or on behalf of the other party in relation to the subject matter of this Publication Agreement at any time before its signature (together "Pre-Contractual Statements"), other than those which are set out in this Publication Agreement. Each party hereby waives all rights and remedies which might otherwise be available to it in relation to such Pre-Contractual Statements. Nothing in this clause shall exclude or restrict the liability of either party arising out of its pre-contract fraudulent misrepresentation or fraudulent concealment.
\n\n7.4 Waiver: No failure or delay by a party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this Publication Agreement or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall preclude or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
\n\n7.5 Variation: No variation of this Publication Agreement shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the parties (or their duly authorized representatives).
\n\n7.6 Severance: If any provision or part-provision of this Publication Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, it shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it valid, legal and enforceable. If such modification is not possible, the relevant provision or part-provision shall be deemed deleted.
\n\nAny modification to or deletion of a provision or part-provision under this clause shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the rest of this Publication Agreement.
\n\n7.7 No partnership: Nothing in this Publication Agreement is intended to, or shall be deemed to, establish or create any partnership or joint venture or the relationship of principal and agent or employer and employee between IntechOpen and the Corresponding Author or any Co-Author, nor authorize any party to make or enter into any commitments for or on behalf of any other party.
\n\n7.8 Governing law: This Publication Agreement and any dispute or claim (including non-contractual disputes or claims) arising out of or in connection with it or its subject matter or formation shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of England and Wales. The parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts to settle any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this Publication Agreement (including any non-contractual disputes or claims).
\n\nLast updated: 2020-11-27
\n\n\n\n
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