Loukrakpam Bina Chanu

By M. Manjur Shah, N. Mohilal, M. Pramodini and L.Bina

Part of the book: Parasitology

By L. Bina Chanu, N. Mohilal and M. Manjur Shah

Plant parasitic nematodes cause great economic losses to agricultural crops worldwide. They along, with their hosts, are not isolated in the ecological system, but are strongly influenced by antagonists, parasites and pathogens. Though pesticides appear to be the most economical and efficacious means of controlling plant pathogens, toxicological, environmental and sociological concerns have led to drastic reductions in the availability of efficient commercial nematicides. These restrictions have forced farmers to look for an integral system that makes use of other means of disease control. Species of spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus and Scutellonema, were among the most abundant plant parasitic nematodes of the mulberry plant. Eco-friendly control of the parasitic nematodes could be achieved by means of endoparasitic fungi (like Hirsutella, Meria, Nematophthora and Nematoctonus), trapping fungi (like Arthrobotrys and Duddingtonia) or parasitic fungi (like Paeceilomyces lilacinus). During the course of this present work, Trichoderma Pers. Ex. Fr. was found to be one of the most effective fungi in controlling the eggs and J2 of Meloidogyne javanica. The present study outlines the comparative efficacy of five Trichoderma species (T. viride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii and T. hamatum) against Helicotylenchus sp. and Scutellonema sp. The study also outlines the effect of Trichoderma viride Persoon on Scutellonema spp. and Helicotylenchus sp., effect of Trichoderma harzianum Raifae on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp., effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp., effect of Trichoderma koningii Oudeom on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp., and lastly effect of Trichoderma hamatum (Bonord) Bainier on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp.

Part of the book: Microbiology in Agriculture and Human Health

By Mohammad Manjur Shah, Loukrakpam Bina Chanu and Mohilal Naorem

Manipur is one of the eight states of North-Eastern India, situated at the confluence and conjunction of two biodiversity hotspots- the Himalayan and Indo- Burma hot spots. It lies between 23°80′ N to 25°70′ N latitudes and 93°50′ E to 94°80′ E longitude, bounded by Nagaland in the North, Assam in the East, Mizoram in the south, and Myanmar in the east and southeast. Manipur has a rich diversity of culture and tradition also. The state has varied physiographic zones harboring rich and diversified amphibian fauna. We discuss the twenty-seven species of amphibian fauna reported from the region and conservation strategies and their importance in the chapter.

Part of the book: Animal Welfare