Javier Ventura-Juárez

By Ventura-Juárez Javier, Campos-Esparza María del Rosario, Muñoz-Ortega Martin-H and Campos-Rodríguez Rafael

Part of the book: Colitis

By José Luis Muñoz Carrillo, Jaime Ortega Martín Del Campo, Oscar Gutiérrez Coronado, Paola Trinidad Villalobos Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Contreras Cordero and Javier Ventura Juárez

Adipose tissue is composed mainly by adipocytes and stromal-vascular fraction, which are composed by different cell types including macrophages. There are three types of adipose tissue: brown (BrAT), white (WAT), and beige (BeAT). BrAT is less abundant and is implicated in lipid oxidation and energy balance; BeAT has the pathway of adaptive thermogenesis, and WAT is endocrine in nature and lipid storage site and is implicated as an endocrine organ that secretes hormones and different molecules. These molecules are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, including the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin, as well as cytokines and chemokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, adiponectin, and others, are involved with the development of adipose tissue inflammation and obesity. This pathological condition, together with other factors such as oxidative stress, may develop insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Part of the book: Adipose Tissue