Operational variable.
\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"},{slug:"intechopen-identified-as-one-of-the-most-significant-contributor-to-oa-book-growth-in-doab-20210809",title:"IntechOpen Identified as One of the Most Significant Contributors to OA Book Growth in DOAB"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"1425",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Bipolar Disorder - A Portrait of a Complex Mood Disorder",title:"Bipolar Disorder",subtitle:"A Portrait of a Complex Mood Disorder",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Bipolar Disorder: Portrait of a Complex Mood Disorder is a step towards integrating many diverse perspectives on BD. As we shall see, such diversity makes it difficult to clearly define the boundaries of BD. It is helpful to view BD from this perspective, as a final common pathway arises from multiple frames of reference. The integration of epigenetics, molecular pharmacology, and neurophysiology is essential. One solution involves using this diverse data to search for endophenotypes to aid researchers, even though most clinicians prefer broader groupings of symptoms and clinical variables. Our challenge is to consolidate this new information with existing clinical practice in a usable fashion. This need for convergent thinkers who can integrate the findings in this book remains a critical need. This book is a small step in that direction and hopefully guides researchers and clinicians towards a new synthesis of basic neurosciences and clinical psychiatry",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0002-7",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6791-4",doi:"10.5772/1885",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"bipolar-disorder-a-portrait-of-a-complex-mood-disorder",numberOfPages:252,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!1,hash:"3ee6477398a272c39010b2332a62e4d9",bookSignature:"Jarrett Barnhill",publishedDate:"February 24th 2012",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1425.jpg",numberOfDownloads:27986,numberOfWosCitations:17,numberOfCrossrefCitations:4,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:16,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:37,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 5th 2011",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 3rd 2011",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"September 7th 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 7th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"February 6th 2012",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"33657",title:"Dr.",name:"Jarrett",middleName:null,surname:"Barnhill",slug:"jarrett-barnhill",fullName:"Jarrett Barnhill",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/33657/images/3625_n.jpg",biography:"L. Jarrett Barnhill, MD is Professor of Psychiatry at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. He is the Director of the Developmental Neuropharmacology Clinic within the Department of Psychiatry. Dr. Barnhill received his undergraduate degree at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and his medical degree from the Bowman Gray School of Medicine - Wake Forest University. Dr. Barnhill has completed residencies in General Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, and Neuropsychiatry. He is a Distinguished Fellow in the American Psychiatric Association and Fellow in the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Dr. Barnhill has served on the Executive Council of the NCPA for 3 years and is a past president of the NC Council of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. He is a past President of the North Carolina Psychiatric Association. Dr. Barnhill currently serves on the Governor’s Committee on Children with Special Needs. His clinical interests include autism, mental retardation and other developmental disorders, traumatic brain injury, neuropsychiatry of mood and seizure disorders, Tourette’s Disorder and other movement disorders.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1059",title:"Neuroscience",slug:"mental-and-behavioural-disorders-and-diseases-of-the-nervous-system-neuroscience"}],chapters:[{id:"29386",title:"Bivalent Cations in Bipolar Disorders",doi:"10.5772/31937",slug:"bivalent-cations-in-bipolar-disorders",totalDownloads:2477,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Mihai Nechifor, Cristina Vaideanu and Florina Crivoi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29386",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29386",authors:[{id:"89418",title:"Prof.",name:"Mihai",surname:"Nechifor",slug:"mihai-nechifor",fullName:"Mihai Nechifor"},{id:"135012",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristina",surname:"Vaideanu",slug:"cristina-vaideanu",fullName:"Cristina Vaideanu"},{id:"135015",title:"Dr.",name:"Florina",surname:"Crivoi",slug:"florina-crivoi",fullName:"Florina Crivoi"}],corrections:null},{id:"29387",title:"Anti-Stress Effects of Mood Stabilizers and Relevance to Their Therapeutic Actions",doi:"10.5772/33689",slug:"anti-stress-effects-of-mood-stabilizers-",totalDownloads:1732,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Young-Ki Chung and Seungmin Yoo",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29387",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29387",authors:[{id:"96687",title:"Dr.",name:"Young-Ki",surname:"Chung",slug:"young-ki-chung",fullName:"Young-Ki Chung"}],corrections:null},{id:"29388",title:"Lithium Enhances Synaptic Plasticity: Implication for Treatment of Bipolar Disorder",doi:"10.5772/32988",slug:"lithium-enhances-synaptic-plasticity-implication-for-treatment-of-bipolar-disorder",totalDownloads:2637,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:null,signatures:"Seong S. Shim",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29388",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29388",authors:[{id:"93476",title:"Prof.",name:"Seong",surname:"Shim",slug:"seong-shim",fullName:"Seong Shim"}],corrections:null},{id:"29389",title:"Li+ in Bipolar Disorder – Possible Mechanisms of Its Pharmacological Mode of Action",doi:"10.5772/34560",slug:"li-in-bipolar-disorder-possible-mechanisms-of-its-pharmacological-mode-of-action",totalDownloads:1657,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:'Carla P. Fonseca, Liliana P. Montezinho and"M. Margarida C.A. Castro',downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29389",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29389",authors:[{id:"100707",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Margarida",surname:"Castro",slug:"maria-margarida-castro",fullName:"Maria Margarida Castro"}],corrections:null},{id:"29390",title:"Memantine: A New Mood Stabilizer for Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorders",doi:"10.5772/32196",slug:"memantine-a-new-mood-stabilizer-for-treatment-resistant-bipolar-disorders",totalDownloads:7890,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Gino Serra, Giulia Serra, Alexia E. Koukopoulos, Francesca Demontis and Athanasio Koukopoulos",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29390",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29390",authors:[{id:"90525",title:"Prof.",name:"Gino",surname:"Serra",slug:"gino-serra",fullName:"Gino Serra"}],corrections:null},{id:"29391",title:"Bipolar Disorder and Suicide",doi:"10.5772/34396",slug:"bipolar-disorder-and-suicide",totalDownloads:2703,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Dagmar Breznoščáková",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29391",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29391",authors:[{id:"99961",title:"Dr.",name:"Dagmar",surname:"Breznoscakova",slug:"dagmar-breznoscakova",fullName:"Dagmar Breznoscakova"}],corrections:null},{id:"29392",title:"Correlations Between the Monoaminergic Status and the Psychoneuroendocrine Typology in a Murine Model – Possible Biomolecular Predictions for an Individualized Pharmacotherapy",doi:"10.5772/33455",slug:"correlations-between-the-monoaminergic-status-and-the-psychoneuroendocrine-typology-in-a-murine-mode",totalDownloads:1543,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Andreea Letitia Arsene, Niculina Mitrea and Dumitru Lupuliasa",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29392",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29392",authors:[{id:"95599",title:"Dr.",name:"Andreea",surname:"Arsene",slug:"andreea-arsene",fullName:"Andreea Arsene"},{id:"100362",title:"Prof.",name:"Niculina",surname:"Mitrea",slug:"niculina-mitrea",fullName:"Niculina Mitrea"},{id:"100364",title:"Prof.",name:"Dumitru",surname:"Lupuliasa",slug:"dumitru-lupuliasa",fullName:"Dumitru Lupuliasa"}],corrections:null},{id:"29393",title:"Paediatric Bipolar Disorder – Are Attachment and Trauma Factors Considered?",doi:"10.5772/31999",slug:"paediatric-bipolar-disorder-are-attachment-and-trauma-factors-considered-",totalDownloads:1496,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:5,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Peter I. Parry",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29393",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29393",authors:[{id:"89692",title:"Dr.",name:"Peter",surname:"Parry",slug:"peter-parry",fullName:"Peter Parry"}],corrections:null},{id:"29394",title:"Psychosocial Functioning in Bipolar Disorder from a Social Justice Perspective",doi:"10.5772/34086",slug:"psychosocial-functioning-in-bipolar-disorder-from-a-social-justice-perspective",totalDownloads:2799,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Emily Manove, Lauren M. Price and Boaz Levy",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29394",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29394",authors:[{id:"98621",title:"Dr",name:null,surname:"Levy",slug:"levy",fullName:"Levy"}],corrections:null},{id:"29395",title:"Star Shots: Stigma, Self-Disclosure and Celebrity in Bipolar Disorder",doi:"10.5772/31966",slug:"star-shots-stigma-self-disclosure-and-celebrity-in-bipolar-disorder",totalDownloads:3055,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Wendy Cross and Ken Walsh",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29395",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29395",authors:[{id:"89551",title:"Prof.",name:"Wendy",surname:"Cross",slug:"wendy-cross",fullName:"Wendy Cross"},{id:"101087",title:"Prof.",name:"Ken",surname:"Walsh",slug:"ken-walsh",fullName:"Ken Walsh"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"4461",title:"Advanced Brain Neuroimaging Topics in Health and Disease",subtitle:"Methods and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"30152982950eed84faf2ad2a75f78f4e",slug:"advanced-brain-neuroimaging-topics-in-health-and-disease-methods-and-applications",bookSignature:"T. Dorina Papageorgiou, George I. Christopoulos and Stelios M. Smirnakis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4461.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92641",title:"Dr.",name:"T. Dorina",surname:"Papageorgiou",slug:"t.-dorina-papageorgiou",fullName:"T. Dorina Papageorgiou"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4496",title:"Autism Spectrum Disorder",subtitle:"Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"554c56c045ceba00b9a03e831e47292c",slug:"autism-spectrum-disorder-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Michael Fitzgerald",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4496.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"28359",title:"Prof.",name:"Michael",surname:"Fitzgerald",slug:"michael-fitzgerald",fullName:"Michael Fitzgerald"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2055",title:"Contemporary Trends in ADHD Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a454586260fd47a4153d3670833bf7df",slug:"contemporary-trends-in-adhd-research",bookSignature:"Jill M. Norvilitis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2055.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"91842",title:"Dr.",name:"Jill M.",surname:"Norvilitis",slug:"jill-m.-norvilitis",fullName:"Jill M. Norvilitis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"561",title:"When Things Go Wrong",subtitle:"Diseases and Disorders of the Human Brain",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cbf08acddb1a155af7723fbaa0dc0132",slug:"when-things-go-wrong-diseases-and-disorders-of-the-human-brain",bookSignature:"Theo Mantamadiotis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/561.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"100551",title:"Dr.",name:"Theo",surname:"Mantamadiotis",slug:"theo-mantamadiotis",fullName:"Theo Mantamadiotis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"681",title:"Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis",subtitle:"Models, Disease Biology and Experimental Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3bd6f083e89ec79e18275773cf3a580f",slug:"experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis-models-disease-biology-and-experimental-therapy",bookSignature:"Robert Weissert",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/681.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"79343",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",surname:"Weissert",slug:"robert-weissert",fullName:"Robert Weissert"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5729",title:"Physical Disabilities",subtitle:"Therapeutic Implications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"556762ab3ec37051e98db256b44c4b58",slug:"physical-disabilities-therapeutic-implications",bookSignature:"Uner Tan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5729.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"63626",title:"Prof.",name:"Uner",surname:"Tan",slug:"uner-tan",fullName:"Uner Tan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7472",title:"Gut Microbiota",subtitle:"Brain Axis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4aaffb64056f2ff00c7ddf1b0d235174",slug:"gut-microbiota-brain-axis",bookSignature:"Alper Evrensel and Barış Önen Ünsalver",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7472.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"197156",title:"Dr.",name:"Alper",surname:"Evrensel",slug:"alper-evrensel",fullName:"Alper Evrensel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3852",title:"Peripheral Neuropathy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b3926052a402423f7579c23dd6cb0335",slug:"peripheral-neuropathy",bookSignature:"Paulo Armada-Da-Silva",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3852.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"161503",title:"Prof.",name:"Paulo",surname:"Armada-Da-Silva",slug:"paulo-armada-da-silva",fullName:"Paulo Armada-Da-Silva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5751",title:"Event-Related Potentials and Evoked Potentials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a168280a67eae09db5340f85f6705920",slug:"event-related-potentials-and-evoked-potentials",bookSignature:"Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5751.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73395",title:"Dr.",name:"Phakkharawat",surname:"Sittiprapaporn",slug:"phakkharawat-sittiprapaporn",fullName:"Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3457",title:"Developmental Disabilities",subtitle:"Molecules Involved, Diagnosis, and Clinical Care",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"77f126f58762e0ee8a31b52485df3e1a",slug:"developmental-disabilities-molecules-involved-diagnosis-and-clinical-care",bookSignature:"Ahmad Salehi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3457.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"27595",title:"Prof.",name:"Ahmad",surname:"Salehi",slug:"ahmad-salehi",fullName:"Ahmad Salehi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"68989",slug:"erratum-public-perceptions-of-values-associated-with-wildfire-protection-at-the-wildland-urban-inter",title:"Erratum - Public Perceptions of Values Associated with Wildfire Protection at the Wildland-Urban Interface: A Synthesis of National Findings",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/68989.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68989",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68989",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/68989",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/68989",chapter:{id:"65057",slug:"public-perceptions-of-values-associated-with-wildfire-protection-at-the-wildland-urban-interface-a-s",signatures:"Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges",dateSubmitted:"June 21st 2018",dateReviewed:"October 22nd 2018",datePrePublished:"December 31st 2018",datePublished:"February 19th 2020",book:{id:"8295",title:"Landscape Reclamation",subtitle:"Rising From What's Left",fullTitle:"Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left",slug:"landscape-reclamation-rising-from-what-s-left",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",bookSignature:"Luis Loures",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8295.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"108118",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Loures",slug:"luis-loures",fullName:"Luis Loures"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"264298",title:"Dr.",name:"Jason",middleName:null,surname:"Gordon",fullName:"Jason Gordon",slug:"jason-gordon",email:"jason.gordon@uga.edu",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Georgia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]}},chapter:{id:"65057",slug:"public-perceptions-of-values-associated-with-wildfire-protection-at-the-wildland-urban-interface-a-s",signatures:"Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges",dateSubmitted:"June 21st 2018",dateReviewed:"October 22nd 2018",datePrePublished:"December 31st 2018",datePublished:"February 19th 2020",book:{id:"8295",title:"Landscape Reclamation",subtitle:"Rising From What's Left",fullTitle:"Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left",slug:"landscape-reclamation-rising-from-what-s-left",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",bookSignature:"Luis Loures",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8295.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"108118",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Loures",slug:"luis-loures",fullName:"Luis Loures"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"264298",title:"Dr.",name:"Jason",middleName:null,surname:"Gordon",fullName:"Jason Gordon",slug:"jason-gordon",email:"jason.gordon@uga.edu",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Georgia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},book:{id:"8295",title:"Landscape Reclamation",subtitle:"Rising From What's Left",fullTitle:"Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left",slug:"landscape-reclamation-rising-from-what-s-left",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",bookSignature:"Luis Loures",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8295.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"108118",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Loures",slug:"luis-loures",fullName:"Luis Loures"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"6157",leadTitle:null,title:"Water Challenges of an Urbanizing World",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Global water crisis is a challenge to the security, political stability and environmental sustainability of developing nations and with climate, economically and politically, induces migrations also for the developed ones. Currently, the urban population is 54% with prospects that by the end of 2050 and 2100 66% and 80%, respectively, of the world's population will live in urban environment. Untreated water abstracted from polluted resources and destructed ecosystems as well as discharge of untreated waste water is the cause of health problems and death for millions around the globe. Competition for water is wide among agriculture, industry, power companies and recreational tourism as well as nature habitats. Climate changes are a major threat to the water resources. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in integrated assessment of water resource management in the urbanizing world, which is a foundation to develop society with secure water availability, food market stability and ecosystem preservation.",isbn:"978-953-51-3894-5",printIsbn:"978-953-51-3893-8",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4049-8",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68339",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"water-challenges-of-an-urbanizing-world",numberOfPages:192,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,hash:"bda09a247dff84ce8091d8bd039850b9",bookSignature:"Matjaž Glavan",publishedDate:"March 21st 2018",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6157.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:39580,numberOfWosCitations:61,numberOfCrossrefCitations:41,numberOfDimensionsCitations:89,numberOfTotalCitations:191,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 15th 2017",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"April 5th 2017",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"July 20th 2017",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"September 30th 2017",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 20th 2017",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"5 years",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,biosketch:null,coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"82604",title:"Dr.",name:"Matjaž",middleName:null,surname:"Glavan",slug:"matjaz-glavan",fullName:"Matjaž Glavan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/82604/images/3247_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Matjaž Glavan is an assistant professor of Environmental Planning at Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and the chair for Agrometeorology, Agricultural Land Management, Economics and Rural Development. He completed his BSc degree in Agronomy at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and his MSc degree in Integrated Catchment Management at Cranfield University, UK. He obtained his PhD degree in Biological and Biotechnological Sciences at the University of Ljubljana in 2011. His main field of expertise is integrated water and land management in relation to agriculture. His research focus is also on modelling spatial, economic and environmental impacts of land-use changes and agri-environmental measures on water, soil and land resource quality and quantity. He is also specialized in catchment modelling with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"9",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"University of Ljubljana",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Slovenia"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"837",title:"Hydrology",slug:"hydrology"}],chapters:[{id:"59285",title:"Introductory Chapter: Neglected Tropical Waterborne Infectious Diseases - Strategies for Mitigation",slug:"introductory-chapter-neglected-tropical-waterborne-infectious-diseases-strategies-for-mitigation",totalDownloads:1624,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena"}]},{id:"59342",title:"Water Quality Control in the Water Supply System for the Purpose of Preventing Legionnaires’ Disease",slug:"water-quality-control-in-the-water-supply-system-for-the-purpose-of-preventing-legionnaires-disease",totalDownloads:1617,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"216117",title:"Dr.",name:"Anita",surname:"Rakić",slug:"anita-rakic",fullName:"Anita Rakić"}]},{id:"58138",title:"Water Pollution: Effects, Prevention, and Climatic Impact",slug:"water-pollution-effects-prevention-and-climatic-impact",totalDownloads:21387,totalCrossrefCites:16,authors:[{id:"101570",title:"MSc.",name:"Babatunde Olufemi",surname:"Adebesin",slug:"babatunde-olufemi-adebesin",fullName:"Babatunde Olufemi Adebesin"},{id:"187738",title:"Dr.",name:"Adejumoke",surname:"Inyinbor",slug:"adejumoke-inyinbor",fullName:"Adejumoke Inyinbor"},{id:"188818",title:"Dr.",name:"Abimbola",surname:"Oluyori",slug:"abimbola-oluyori",fullName:"Abimbola Oluyori"},{id:"188819",title:"Mrs.",name:"Tabitha",surname:"Adelani-Akande",slug:"tabitha-adelani-akande",fullName:"Tabitha Adelani-Akande"},{id:"208501",title:"Dr.",name:"Adewumi",surname:"Dada",slug:"adewumi-dada",fullName:"Adewumi Dada"},{id:"208502",title:"Ms.",name:"Toyin",surname:"Oreofe",slug:"toyin-oreofe",fullName:"Toyin Oreofe"}]},{id:"57325",title:"A Temporal Analysis of Water Quality Variability at the Seattle Aquarium in Elliott Bay, Puget Sound, WA",slug:"a-temporal-analysis-of-water-quality-variability-at-the-seattle-aquarium-in-elliott-bay-puget-sound-",totalDownloads:992,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"96539",title:"Dr.",name:"Shawn",surname:"Larson",slug:"shawn-larson",fullName:"Shawn Larson"},{id:"212112",title:"Ms.",name:"Amy Y.",surname:"Green",slug:"amy-y.-green",fullName:"Amy Y. Green"},{id:"212113",title:"MSc.",name:"Angela",surname:"Smith",slug:"angela-smith",fullName:"Angela Smith"}]},{id:"57396",title:"Challenges and Treatment of Microplastics in Water",slug:"challenges-and-treatment-of-microplastics-in-water",totalDownloads:3078,totalCrossrefCites:10,authors:[{id:"151521",title:"Dr.",name:"Amira",surname:"Abdelrasoul",slug:"amira-abdelrasoul",fullName:"Amira Abdelrasoul"},{id:"214401",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Heloisa",surname:"Westphalen",slug:"heloisa-westphalen",fullName:"Heloisa Westphalen"}]},{id:"59475",title:"Territorial Integration of Water Management in the City",slug:"territorial-integration-of-water-management-in-the-city",totalDownloads:1158,totalCrossrefCites:1,authors:[{id:"213757",title:"Dr.",name:"Susana",surname:"Neto",slug:"susana-neto",fullName:"Susana Neto"}]},{id:"57053",title:"Urban Development with the Constraint of Water Resources: A Case Study of Gansu Section of Western Longhai-Lanxin Economic Zone",slug:"urban-development-with-the-constraint-of-water-resources-a-case-study-of-gansu-section-of-western-lo",totalDownloads:1298,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"208744",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiang",surname:"Gao",slug:"xiang-gao",fullName:"Xiang Gao"},{id:"208983",title:"Dr.",name:"Tengfei",surname:"Yu",slug:"tengfei-yu",fullName:"Tengfei Yu"}]},{id:"57557",title:"Sentinel-1 Satellite Data as a Tool for Monitoring Inundation Areas near Urban Areas in the Mexican Tropical Wet",slug:"sentinel-1-satellite-data-as-a-tool-for-monitoring-inundation-areas-near-urban-areas-in-the-mexican-",totalDownloads:1289,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"19577",title:"Dr.",name:"Alejandra",surname:"López-Caloca",slug:"alejandra-lopez-caloca",fullName:"Alejandra López-Caloca"},{id:"208835",title:"BSc.",name:"Guadalupe",surname:"Rivera",slug:"guadalupe-rivera",fullName:"Guadalupe Rivera"},{id:"208836",title:"Dr.",name:"Felipe Omar",surname:"Tapia-Silva",slug:"felipe-omar-tapia-silva",fullName:"Felipe Omar Tapia-Silva"}]},{id:"57627",title:"Identifying Changes in Trends of Summer Air Temperatures of the USA High Plains",slug:"identifying-changes-in-trends-of-summer-air-temperatures-of-the-usa-high-plains",totalDownloads:1096,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[{id:"42454",title:"Prof.",name:"Suat",surname:"Irmak",slug:"suat-irmak",fullName:"Suat Irmak"},{id:"207174",title:"Dr.",name:"Denis",surname:"Mutiibwa",slug:"denis-mutiibwa",fullName:"Denis Mutiibwa"},{id:"207175",title:"Prof.",name:"Ayse",surname:"Kilic",slug:"ayse-kilic",fullName:"Ayse Kilic"}]},{id:"57345",title:"Safe Drinking Water: Concepts, Benefits, Principles and Standards",slug:"safe-drinking-water-concepts-benefits-principles-and-standards",totalDownloads:6046,totalCrossrefCites:11,authors:[{id:"206964",title:"Dr.",name:"Megersa Olumana",surname:"Dinka",slug:"megersa-olumana-dinka",fullName:"Megersa Olumana Dinka"}]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"177730",firstName:"Edi",lastName:"Lipovic",middleName:null,title:"Mr.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/177730/images/4741_n.jpg",email:"edi@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"911",title:"Water Stress",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"639300ffd325d217a7b6ec2261ff26e0",slug:"water-stress",bookSignature:"Ismail Md. Mofizur Rahman and Hiroshi Hasegawa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/911.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110740",title:"Dr.",name:"Ismail M.M.",surname:"Rahman",slug:"ismail-m.m.-rahman",fullName:"Ismail M.M. Rahman"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"200",title:"Evapotranspiration",subtitle:"Remote Sensing and Modeling",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3bd51b784a92d76eea2d50753f383e4b",slug:"evapotranspiration-remote-sensing-and-modeling",bookSignature:"Ayse Irmak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/200.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"44966",title:"Dr.",name:"Ayse",surname:"Irmak",slug:"ayse-irmak",fullName:"Ayse Irmak"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5355",title:"Water Quality",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d371f1ad9fbc2b37808571c3b1cc7042",slug:"water-quality",bookSignature:"Hlanganani Tutu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5355.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"93222",title:"Prof.",name:"Hlanganani",surname:"Tutu",slug:"hlanganani-tutu",fullName:"Hlanganani Tutu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3491",title:"Current Perspectives in Contaminant Hydrology and Water Resources Sustainability",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8fb9b880397a9a6e536cf504ca7dfe56",slug:"current-perspectives-in-contaminant-hydrology-and-water-resources-sustainability",bookSignature:"Paul M. Bradley",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3491.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"105017",title:"Dr.",name:"Paul",surname:"Bradley",slug:"paul-bradley",fullName:"Paul Bradley"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3082",title:"Evapotranspiration",subtitle:"An Overview",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"377ef031877b6f75a967a2b89a6c61b1",slug:"evapotranspiration-an-overview",bookSignature:"Stavros G. Alexandris",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3082.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"150921",title:"Dr.",name:"Stavros",surname:"Alexandris",slug:"stavros-alexandris",fullName:"Stavros Alexandris"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5284",title:"Water Stress in Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1d9302a9f0513cd166f05d6c7d9a33d1",slug:"water-stress-in-plants",bookSignature:"Ismail Md. Mofizur Rahman, Zinnat Ara Begum and Hiroshi Hasegawa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5284.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110740",title:"Dr.",name:"Ismail M.M.",surname:"Rahman",slug:"ismail-m.m.-rahman",fullName:"Ismail M.M. Rahman"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6732",title:"Desalination and Water Treatment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eee2f03e0328f289e68fde28738c333f",slug:"desalination-and-water-treatment",bookSignature:"Murat Eyvaz and Ebubekir Yüksel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6732.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"170083",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Murat",surname:"Eyvaz",slug:"murat-eyvaz",fullName:"Murat Eyvaz"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5453",title:"Hydrology of Artificial and Controlled Experiments",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9855d30d1a8707ed84d8f72e3ca0f187",slug:"hydrology-of-artificial-and-controlled-experiments",bookSignature:"Jiu-Fu Liu and Wei-Zu Gu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5453.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"259236",title:"Dr.",name:"Jiu-Fu",surname:"Liu",slug:"jiu-fu-liu",fullName:"Jiu-Fu Liu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6836",title:"Groundwater",subtitle:"Resource Characterisation and Management Aspects",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7cad088c49e61c898abc7d7511de42f6",slug:"groundwater-resource-characterisation-and-management-aspects",bookSignature:"Modreck Gomo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6836.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"185450",title:"Dr.",name:"Modreck",surname:"Gomo",slug:"modreck-gomo",fullName:"Modreck Gomo"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6973",title:"Advanced Evapotranspiration Methods and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7c54751778dc2ff4a19cd84f1bf0c706",slug:"advanced-evapotranspiration-methods-and-applications",bookSignature:"Daniel Bucur",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6973.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50794",title:"Prof.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Bucur",slug:"daniel-bucur",fullName:"Daniel Bucur"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"34562",title:"DNA Methylation in Development",doi:"10.5772/37696",slug:"dna-methylation-in-development",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/34562.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/34562",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/34562",totalDownloads:2812,totalViews:131,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:1,impactScorePercentile:48,impactScoreQuartile:2,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"June 7th 2011",dateReviewed:"November 1st 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 30th 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/34562",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/34562",book:{id:"1699",slug:"embryology-updates-and-highlights-on-classic-topics"},signatures:"Xin Pan, Roger Smith and Tamas Zakar",authors:[{id:"113933",title:"Prof.",name:"Tamas",middleName:null,surname:"Zakar",fullName:"Tamas Zakar",slug:"tamas-zakar",email:"Tamas.Zakar@newcastle.edu.au",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"University of Newcastle Australia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1699",type:"book",title:"Embryology",subtitle:"Updates and Highlights on Classic Topics",fullTitle:"Embryology - Updates and Highlights on Classic Topics",slug:"embryology-updates-and-highlights-on-classic-topics",publishedDate:"March 30th 2012",bookSignature:"Luis Antonio Violin Pereira",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1699.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0465-0",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6950-5",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:27,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"106080",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Antonio",surname:"Violin Pereira",slug:"luis-violin-pereira",fullName:"Luis Violin Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"990"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"34556",type:"chapter",title:"Molecular Alterations During Female Reproductive Aging: Can Aged Oocytes Remind Youth?",slug:"molecular-alterations-during-female-reproductive-aging-can-aged-oocytes-remind-youth-",totalDownloads:2776,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Misa Imai, Junwen Qin, Naomi Yamakawa, Kenji Miyado, Akihiro Umezawa and Yuji Takahashi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"106395",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuji",middleName:null,surname:"Takahashi",fullName:"Yuji Takahashi",slug:"yuji-takahashi"}]},{id:"34557",type:"chapter",title:"Role of Sperm DNA Integrity in Fertility",slug:"role-of-sperm-dna-integrity-in-fertility",totalDownloads:5456,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Mona Bungum",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"104826",title:"Dr.",name:"Mona",middleName:null,surname:"Bungum",fullName:"Mona Bungum",slug:"mona-bungum"}]},{id:"34558",type:"chapter",title:"The Epididymis: Embryology, Structure, Function and Its Role in Fertilization and Infertility",slug:"the-epididymis-embryology-structure-function-and-its-role-in-fertilization-and-infertility",totalDownloads:13334,totalCrossrefCites:9,signatures:"Kélen Fabiola Arrotéia, Patrick Vianna Garcia, Mainara Ferreira Barbieri, Marilia Lopes Justino and Luís Antonio Violin Pereira",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"106080",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Antonio",surname:"Violin Pereira",fullName:"Luis Violin Pereira",slug:"luis-violin-pereira"},{id:"112722",title:"Dr.",name:"Kélen",middleName:null,surname:"Arrotéia",fullName:"Kélen Arrotéia",slug:"kelen-arroteia"},{id:"112724",title:"MSc.",name:"Patrick",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia",fullName:"Patrick Garcia",slug:"patrick-garcia"},{id:"112726",title:"BSc.",name:"Mainara",middleName:null,surname:"Barbieri",fullName:"Mainara Barbieri",slug:"mainara-barbieri"},{id:"112727",title:"BSc.",name:"Marília",middleName:null,surname:"Justino",fullName:"Marília Justino",slug:"marilia-justino"}]},{id:"34559",type:"chapter",title:"Endometrial Receptivity to Embryo Implantation: Molecular Cues from Functional Genomics",slug:"endometrial-receptivity-to-embryo-implantation-molecular-cues-from-functional-genomics",totalDownloads:4632,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Alejandro A. Tapia",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"104063",title:"Dr.",name:"Alejandro",middleName:null,surname:"Tapia",fullName:"Alejandro Tapia",slug:"alejandro-tapia"}]},{id:"34560",type:"chapter",title:"The Actors of Human Implantation: Gametes, Embryo, Endometrium",slug:"the-actors-of-human-implantation-gametes-embryo-and-endometrium",totalDownloads:4045,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Virginie Gridelet, Olivier Gaspard, Barbara Polese, Philippe Ruggeri, Stephanie Ravet, Carine Munaut, Vincent Geenen, Jean-Michel Foidart, Nathalie Lédée and Sophie Perrier d'Hauterive",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"46486",title:"Dr.",name:"Carine",middleName:null,surname:"Munaut",fullName:"Carine Munaut",slug:"carine-munaut"},{id:"55019",title:"Prof.",name:"Jean-Michel",middleName:null,surname:"Foidart",fullName:"Jean-Michel Foidart",slug:"jean-michel-foidart"},{id:"92882",title:"Prof.",name:"Sophie",middleName:null,surname:"Perrier D'Hauterive",fullName:"Sophie Perrier D'Hauterive",slug:"sophie-perrier-d'hauterive"},{id:"99013",title:"MSc.",name:"Virginie",middleName:null,surname:"Gridelet",fullName:"Virginie Gridelet",slug:"virginie-gridelet"},{id:"99019",title:"MSc.",name:"Olivier",middleName:null,surname:"Gaspard",fullName:"Olivier Gaspard",slug:"olivier-gaspard"},{id:"99021",title:"Mrs.",name:"Barbara",middleName:null,surname:"Polese",fullName:"Barbara Polese",slug:"barbara-polese"},{id:"99022",title:"MSc.",name:"Stephanie",middleName:null,surname:"Ravet",fullName:"Stephanie Ravet",slug:"stephanie-ravet"},{id:"99027",title:"Prof.",name:"Nathalie",middleName:null,surname:"Ledee",fullName:"Nathalie Ledee",slug:"nathalie-ledee"},{id:"99037",title:"Prof.",name:"Vincent",middleName:null,surname:"Geenen",fullName:"Vincent Geenen",slug:"vincent-geenen"},{id:"136902",title:"Mr.",name:"Philippe",middleName:null,surname:"Ruggeri",fullName:"Philippe Ruggeri",slug:"philippe-ruggeri"}]},{id:"34561",type:"chapter",title:"The Role of Macrophages in the Placenta",slug:"the-role-of-macrophages-in-the-placenta",totalDownloads:4642,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Grace Pinhal-Enfield, Nagaswami S. Vasan and Samuel Joseph Leibovich",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"107428",title:"Prof.",name:"Nagaswami",middleName:null,surname:"Vasan",fullName:"Nagaswami Vasan",slug:"nagaswami-vasan"},{id:"113080",title:"Dr.",name:"Grace",middleName:null,surname:"Pinhal-Enfield",fullName:"Grace Pinhal-Enfield",slug:"grace-pinhal-enfield"},{id:"113082",title:"Prof.",name:"Joseph",middleName:null,surname:"Leibovich",fullName:"Joseph Leibovich",slug:"joseph-leibovich"}]},{id:"34562",type:"chapter",title:"DNA Methylation in Development",slug:"dna-methylation-in-development",totalDownloads:2812,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Xin Pan, Roger Smith and Tamas Zakar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"113933",title:"Prof.",name:"Tamas",middleName:null,surname:"Zakar",fullName:"Tamas Zakar",slug:"tamas-zakar"}]},{id:"34563",type:"chapter",title:"Stem Cell Therapies",slug:"stem-cell-therapies",totalDownloads:1953,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"D. Amat, J. Becerra, M.A. Medina, A.R. Quesada and M. Marí-Beffa",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"45503",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Becerra",fullName:"Jose Becerra",slug:"jose-becerra"},{id:"107664",title:"Prof.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Marí-Beffa",fullName:"Manuel Marí-Beffa",slug:"manuel-mari-beffa"},{id:"107670",title:"Prof.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"R. Quesada",fullName:"Ana R. Quesada",slug:"ana-r.-quesada"},{id:"113081",title:"Prof.",name:"Miguel Ángel",middleName:null,surname:"Medina",fullName:"Miguel Ángel Medina",slug:"miguel-angel-medina"},{id:"113587",title:"MSc.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Amat",fullName:"Daniel Amat",slug:"daniel-amat"}]},{id:"34564",type:"chapter",title:"Self-Organization, Symmetry and Morphomechanics in Development of Organisms",slug:"self-organization-symmetry-and-morphomechanics-in-development-of-organisms",totalDownloads:2226,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Lev V. Beloussov",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"103218",title:"Prof.",name:"Lev",middleName:null,surname:"Beloussov",fullName:"Lev Beloussov",slug:"lev-beloussov"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"216",title:"Stem Cells in Clinic and Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5a31b9aa4ace99ed56f02e53a74d068e",slug:"stem-cells-in-clinic-and-research",bookSignature:"Ali Gholamrezanezhad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/216.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"29557",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",surname:"Gholamrezanezhad",slug:"ali-gholamrezanezhad",fullName:"Ali Gholamrezanezhad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"18217",title:"Stem Cells: General Features and Characteristics",slug:"stem-cells-general-features-and-characteristics",signatures:"Hongxiang Hui, Yongming Tang, Min Hu and Xiaoning Zhao",authors:[{id:"53560",title:"Dr.",name:"Hongxiang",middleName:null,surname:"Hui",fullName:"Hongxiang Hui",slug:"hongxiang-hui"},{id:"59235",title:"Mr",name:"Xiaoning",middleName:null,surname:"Zhao",fullName:"Xiaoning Zhao",slug:"xiaoning-zhao"},{id:"59236",title:"Mr",name:"Yongming",middleName:null,surname:"Tang",fullName:"Yongming Tang",slug:"yongming-tang"},{id:"118970",title:"Dr.",name:"Min",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",fullName:"Min Hu",slug:"min-hu"}]},{id:"18218",title:"Human Cord Blood-Derived Stem Cells in Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine",slug:"human-cord-blood-derived-stem-cells-in-transplantation-and-regenerative-medicine",signatures:"Cornel Iancu, Ioana Ilie, Lucian Mocan, Carmen Georgescu, Razvan Ilie, Ileana Duncea, Teodora Mocan, Dana Iancu, and Florin Zaharie",authors:[{id:"33183",title:"Prof.",name:"Cornel",middleName:null,surname:"Iancu",fullName:"Cornel Iancu",slug:"cornel-iancu"},{id:"37579",title:"Dr.",name:"Lucian",middleName:null,surname:"Mocan",fullName:"Lucian Mocan",slug:"lucian-mocan"},{id:"37580",title:"Dr.",name:"Teodora",middleName:null,surname:"Mocan",fullName:"Teodora Mocan",slug:"teodora-mocan"},{id:"41386",title:"Prof.",name:"Carmen",middleName:null,surname:"Georgescu",fullName:"Carmen Georgescu",slug:"carmen-georgescu"},{id:"85636",title:"Dr.",name:"Ioana",middleName:null,surname:"Ilie",fullName:"Ioana Ilie",slug:"ioana-ilie"},{id:"85728",title:"Prof.",name:"Ileana",middleName:null,surname:"Duncea",fullName:"Ileana Duncea",slug:"ileana-duncea"},{id:"85729",title:"Dr.",name:"Razvan",middleName:null,surname:"Ilie",fullName:"Razvan Ilie",slug:"razvan-ilie"},{id:"85730",title:"Dr.",name:"Dana",middleName:null,surname:"Iancu",fullName:"Dana Iancu",slug:"dana-iancu"},{id:"85732",title:"Dr.",name:"Florin",middleName:null,surname:"Zaharie",fullName:"Florin Zaharie",slug:"florin-zaharie"}]},{id:"18219",title:"Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Immunology and Therapeutic Benefits",slug:"mesenchymal-stem-cells-immunology-and-therapeutic-benefits",signatures:"Najib El Haddad",authors:[{id:"45460",title:"Dr.",name:"Najib",middleName:null,surname:"El Haddad",fullName:"Najib El Haddad",slug:"najib-el-haddad"}]},{id:"18220",title:"How do Mesenchymal Stem Cells Repair?",slug:"how-do-mesenchymal-stem-cells-repair-",signatures:"Patricia Semedo, Marina Burgos-Silva, Cassiano Donizetti-Oliveira and Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara",authors:[{id:"28751",title:"Prof.",name:"Niels",middleName:"Olsen Saraiva",surname:"Camara",fullName:"Niels Camara",slug:"niels-camara"},{id:"30464",title:"Prof.",name:"Patricia",middleName:null,surname:"Semedo",fullName:"Patricia Semedo",slug:"patricia-semedo"},{id:"30465",title:"BSc.",name:"Cassiano",middleName:null,surname:"Donizetti-Oliveira",fullName:"Cassiano Donizetti-Oliveira",slug:"cassiano-donizetti-oliveira"},{id:"30466",title:"BSc.",name:"Marina",middleName:null,surname:"Burgos-Silva",fullName:"Marina Burgos-Silva",slug:"marina-burgos-silva"}]},{id:"18221",title:"Immunogenicity and Immune-Modulating Properties of Human Stem Cells",slug:"immunogenicity-and-immune-modulating-properties-of-human-stem-cells",signatures:"Jan Nehlin, Adiba Isa and Torben Barington",authors:[{id:"29668",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Jan",middleName:"O.",surname:"Nehlin",fullName:"Jan Nehlin",slug:"jan-nehlin"},{id:"48625",title:"Dr.",name:"Adiba",middleName:null,surname:"Isa",fullName:"Adiba Isa",slug:"adiba-isa"},{id:"48626",title:"Prof.",name:"Torben",middleName:null,surname:"Barington",fullName:"Torben Barington",slug:"torben-barington"}]},{id:"18222",title:"Stem Cell Culture Collection - Promising Strategy for Animal Genetic Resource Preservation",slug:"stem-cell-culture-collection-promising-strategy-for-animal-genetic-resource-preservation",signatures:"Weijun Guan, Xiangchen Li, Dapeng Jin, Xiaohong He, Yabin Pu, Qianjun Zhao, Taofeng Lu, Chunyu Bai, Shen Wu, Xiaohua Su and Yuehui Ma",authors:[{id:"54543",title:"Prof.",name:"Yuehui",middleName:null,surname:"Ma",fullName:"Yuehui Ma",slug:"yuehui-ma"},{id:"54562",title:"Prof.",name:"Weijun",middleName:null,surname:"Guan",fullName:"Weijun Guan",slug:"weijun-guan"},{id:"54563",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiangchen",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Xiangchen Li",slug:"xiangchen-li"},{id:"54564",title:"Mr.",name:"Dapeng",middleName:null,surname:"Jin",fullName:"Dapeng Jin",slug:"dapeng-jin"},{id:"54565",title:"Mr.",name:"Taofeng",middleName:null,surname:"Lu",fullName:"Taofeng Lu",slug:"taofeng-lu"},{id:"54566",title:"Ms.",name:"Xiahua",middleName:null,surname:"Su",fullName:"Xiahua Su",slug:"xiahua-su"},{id:"54567",title:"Mr.",name:"Shen",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",fullName:"Shen Wu",slug:"shen-wu"},{id:"54568",title:"Mr.",name:"Chun",middleName:null,surname:"Yubai",fullName:"Chun Yubai",slug:"chun-yubai"},{id:"91215",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaohong",middleName:null,surname:"He",fullName:"Xiaohong He",slug:"xiaohong-he"},{id:"91218",title:"Mr.",name:"Yabin",middleName:null,surname:"Pu",fullName:"Yabin Pu",slug:"yabin-pu"},{id:"91219",title:"Ms.",name:"Qianjun",middleName:null,surname:"Zhao",fullName:"Qianjun Zhao",slug:"qianjun-zhao"}]},{id:"18223",title:"The Role of SOX2 in Maintaining Pluripotency and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells",slug:"the-role-of-sox2-in-maintaining-pluripotency-and-differentiation-of-human-embryonic-stem-cells",signatures:"Keiko Adachi, Hirofumi Suemori, Norio Nakatsuji and Eihachiro Kawase",authors:[{id:"50560",title:"Dr.",name:"Eihachiro",middleName:null,surname:"Kawase",fullName:"Eihachiro Kawase",slug:"eihachiro-kawase"}]},{id:"18224",title:"The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulating Cancer Stem Cells",slug:"the-role-of-micrornas-in-regulating-cancer-stem-cells",signatures:"Musaffe Tuna and Christopher I. Amos",authors:[{id:"59781",title:"Dr.",name:"Musaffe",middleName:null,surname:"Tuna",fullName:"Musaffe Tuna",slug:"musaffe-tuna"},{id:"87964",title:"Prof.",name:"Christopher",middleName:null,surname:"Amos",fullName:"Christopher Amos",slug:"christopher-amos"}]},{id:"18225",title:"Are We There Yet? A Story About Cardiac Stem Cells",slug:"are-we-there-yet-a-story-about-cardiac-stem-cells",signatures:"Shizuka Uchida, Piera De Gaspari and Thomas Braun",authors:[{id:"32665",title:"Prof.",name:"Thomas",middleName:null,surname:"Braun",fullName:"Thomas Braun",slug:"thomas-braun"},{id:"33312",title:"Dr.",name:"Shizuka",middleName:null,surname:"Uchida",fullName:"Shizuka Uchida",slug:"shizuka-uchida"},{id:"33313",title:"Dr.",name:"Piera",middleName:null,surname:"De Gaspari",fullName:"Piera De Gaspari",slug:"piera-de-gaspari"}]},{id:"18226",title:"Stem Cell Therapy in Myocardial Infarction Clinical Point of View and the Results of the REANIMA Study (REgenerAtion of Myocardium with boNe Marrow Mononuclear Cells in MyocArdial Infarction)",slug:"stem-cell-therapy-in-myocardial-infarction-clinical-point-of-view-and-the-results-of-the-reanima-stu",signatures:"Slobodan Obradovic, Bela Balint and Zoran Trifunovic",authors:[{id:"29171",title:"Prof.",name:"Slobodan",middleName:null,surname:"Obradovic",fullName:"Slobodan Obradovic",slug:"slobodan-obradovic"}]},{id:"18227",title:"Randomized Clinical Trials in Stem Cell Therapy for the Heart - Old and New Types of Cells for Cardiovascular Repair",slug:"randomized-clinical-trials-in-stem-cell-therapy-for-the-heart-old-and-new-types-of-cells-for-cardiov",signatures:"Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz, Adolfo Villa Arranz, Enrique Gutiérrez Ibañes, María Eugenia Fernández Santos, Pedro Luis Sánchez Fernández and Francisco Fernández-Avilés",authors:[{id:"47483",title:"Dr.",name:"Ricardo",middleName:null,surname:"Sanz-Ruiz",fullName:"Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz",slug:"ricardo-sanz-ruiz"},{id:"47701",title:"Dr.",name:"Adolfo",middleName:null,surname:"Villa",fullName:"Adolfo Villa",slug:"adolfo-villa"},{id:"47702",title:"Dr.",name:"Enrique",middleName:null,surname:"Gutiérrez",fullName:"Enrique Gutiérrez",slug:"enrique-gutierrez"},{id:"47703",title:"Dr.",name:"María Eugenia",middleName:null,surname:"Fernádez",fullName:"María Eugenia Fernádez",slug:"maria-eugenia-fernadez"},{id:"47704",title:"Dr.",name:"Pedro Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Sánchez",fullName:"Pedro Luis Sánchez",slug:"pedro-luis-sanchez"},{id:"47705",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Fernández-Avilés",fullName:"Francisco Fernández-Avilés",slug:"francisco-fernandez-aviles"}]},{id:"18228",title:"Autologous Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair: New Insights on Clinical Trial Safety and Best Cell Source",slug:"autologous-stem-cells-for-cardiac-repair-new-insights-on-clinical-trial-safety-and-best-cell-source",signatures:"Nicolas Noiseux, Louis Mathieu Stevens, Jessica Forcillo and Samer Mansour",authors:[{id:"49146",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicolas",middleName:null,surname:"Noiseux",fullName:"Nicolas Noiseux",slug:"nicolas-noiseux"},{id:"51323",title:"Dr.",name:"Louis Mathieu",middleName:null,surname:"Stevens",fullName:"Louis Mathieu Stevens",slug:"louis-mathieu-stevens"},{id:"51324",title:"Dr.",name:"Samer",middleName:null,surname:"Mansour",fullName:"Samer Mansour",slug:"samer-mansour"},{id:"85938",title:"Dr.",name:"Jessica",middleName:null,surname:"Forcillo",fullName:"Jessica Forcillo",slug:"jessica-forcillo"}]},{id:"18229",title:"Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease",slug:"stem-cell-transplantation-for-the-treatment-of-peripheral-arterial-disease",signatures:"Nikolaos Papanas",authors:[{id:"37582",title:"Dr.",name:"Nikolaos",middleName:null,surname:"Papanas",fullName:"Nikolaos Papanas",slug:"nikolaos-papanas"}]},{id:"18230",title:"Myogenic Potential of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells in the Dmdmdx Mouse Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy",slug:"myogenic-potential-of-murine-embryonic-stem-cells-in-the-dmdmdx-mouse-model-for-duchenne-muscular-dy",signatures:"Danielle Ayub-Guerrieri, Poliana C. M. Martins-Machado, Paula C.G. Onofre-Oliveira, Lygia V. Pereira, Camila F. Almeida, Vanessa F. Lopes and Mariz Vainzof",authors:[{id:"58343",title:"Prof.",name:"Mariz",middleName:null,surname:"Vainzof",fullName:"Mariz Vainzof",slug:"mariz-vainzof"},{id:"59611",title:"MSc.",name:"Danielle",middleName:null,surname:"Ayub-Guerrieri",fullName:"Danielle Ayub-Guerrieri",slug:"danielle-ayub-guerrieri"},{id:"59612",title:"Dr.",name:"Poliana",middleName:null,surname:"C.M. Martins-Machado",fullName:"Poliana C.M. Martins-Machado",slug:"poliana-c.m.-martins-machado"},{id:"59613",title:"MSc",name:"Paula",middleName:"C. G.",surname:"C. G. Onofre-Oliveira",fullName:"Paula C. G. Onofre-Oliveira",slug:"paula-c.-g.-onofre-oliveira"},{id:"59614",title:"Mr",name:"Vanessa",middleName:null,surname:"F. Lopes",fullName:"Vanessa F. Lopes",slug:"vanessa-f.-lopes"},{id:"61339",title:"BSc.",name:"Camila",middleName:"De Freitas",surname:"F. Almeida",fullName:"Camila F. Almeida",slug:"camila-f.-almeida"},{id:"103283",title:"Dr.",name:"Lygia V.",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",fullName:"Lygia V. Pereira",slug:"lygia-v.-pereira"}]},{id:"18231",title:"Stem Cell in Neurological Disorders",slug:"stem-cell-in-neurological-disorders",signatures:"Nirmeen Kishk and Noha Abokrysha",authors:[{id:"42975",title:"Dr.",name:"Nirmeen",middleName:null,surname:"Kishk",fullName:"Nirmeen Kishk",slug:"nirmeen-kishk"},{id:"45669",title:"Prof.",name:"Noha",middleName:null,surname:"Abokrysha",fullName:"Noha Abokrysha",slug:"noha-abokrysha"}]},{id:"18232",title:"Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: Failure or Success?",slug:"cell-therapy-for-parkinson-s-disease-failure-or-success-",signatures:"Magdalena Guerra-Crespo, Alberto K. De la Herrán-Arita, Arturo Hernández-Cruz, José Bargas and René Drucker-Colín",authors:[{id:"29861",title:"Dr.",name:"René",middleName:null,surname:"Drucker-Colín",fullName:"René Drucker-Colín",slug:"rene-drucker-colin"},{id:"41529",title:"Dr.",name:"José",middleName:null,surname:"Bargas",fullName:"José Bargas",slug:"jose-bargas"},{id:"51781",title:"Dr.",name:"Magdalena",middleName:null,surname:"Guerra-Crespo",fullName:"Magdalena Guerra-Crespo",slug:"magdalena-guerra-crespo"},{id:"51784",title:"Dr.",name:"Arturo",middleName:null,surname:"Hernández-Cruz",fullName:"Arturo Hernández-Cruz",slug:"arturo-hernandez-cruz"},{id:"89453",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:"K.",surname:"De La Herrán - Arita",fullName:"Alberto De La Herrán - Arita",slug:"alberto-de-la-herran-arita"}]},{id:"18233",title:"Stem Cell Therapy for Neuromuscular Diseases",slug:"stem-cell-therapy-for-neuromuscular-diseases",signatures:"Mirella Meregalli, Andrea Farini and Yvan Torrente",authors:[{id:"54934",title:"Dr.",name:"Yvan",middleName:null,surname:"Torrente",fullName:"Yvan Torrente",slug:"yvan-torrente"},{id:"61362",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Farini",fullName:"Andrea Farini",slug:"andrea-farini"},{id:"61363",title:"Dr.",name:"Mirella",middleName:null,surname:"Meregalli",fullName:"Mirella Meregalli",slug:"mirella-meregalli"}]},{id:"18234",title:"Treatment of the end Stage Liver Cirrhosis by Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells: Preliminary Results",slug:"treatment-of-the-end-stage-liver-cirrhosis-by-human-umbilical-cord-blood-stem-cells-preliminary-resu",signatures:"Jong Yoon Bahk, Zhengfu Piao, Jae Hun Jung and Hoon Han",authors:[{id:"48742",title:"Prof.",name:"Jong Yoon",middleName:null,surname:"Bahk",fullName:"Jong Yoon Bahk",slug:"jong-yoon-bahk"},{id:"52115",title:"Dr.",name:"Jae Hun",middleName:null,surname:"Jung",fullName:"Jae Hun Jung",slug:"jae-hun-jung"},{id:"52116",title:"Dr.",name:"Hoon",middleName:null,surname:"Han",fullName:"Hoon Han",slug:"hoon-han"},{id:"52117",title:"Dr.",name:"YounSoo",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"YounSoo Lee",slug:"younsoo-lee"}]},{id:"18235",title:"Stem Cell Therapy for Patients with Chronic Liver Disease",slug:"stem-cell-therapy-for-patients-with-chronic-liver-disease",signatures:"Reebye, V; Levičar, N and Habib, N.",authors:[{id:"38246",title:"Dr.",name:"Nagy",middleName:null,surname:"Habib",fullName:"Nagy Habib",slug:"nagy-habib"},{id:"99797",title:"Dr.",name:"Vikash",middleName:null,surname:"Reebye",fullName:"Vikash Reebye",slug:"vikash-reebye"}]},{id:"18236",title:"Pancreatic Stem Cells: Unresolved Business",slug:"pancreatic-stem-cells-unresolved-business",signatures:"Fang-Xu Jiang and Grant Morahan",authors:[{id:"53597",title:"Prof.",name:"Fang-Xu",middleName:null,surname:"Jiang",fullName:"Fang-Xu Jiang",slug:"fang-xu-jiang"},{id:"60158",title:"Prof.",name:"Grant",middleName:null,surname:"Morahan",fullName:"Grant Morahan",slug:"grant-morahan"}]},{id:"18237",title:"Cell Sources for Treating Diabetes",slug:"cell-sources-for-treating-diabetes",signatures:"Subhshri Sahu, Mugdha V. Joglekar, Sundy N. Y. Yang and Anandwardhan A. Hardikar",authors:[{id:"55932",title:"Dr.",name:"Anandwardhan",middleName:null,surname:"Hardikar",fullName:"Anandwardhan Hardikar",slug:"anandwardhan-hardikar"},{id:"62301",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Subhshri",middleName:null,surname:"Sahu",fullName:"Subhshri Sahu",slug:"subhshri-sahu"},{id:"62302",title:"Dr.",name:"Sundy",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",fullName:"Sundy Yang",slug:"sundy-yang"},{id:"62303",title:"Dr.",name:"Mugdha",middleName:null,surname:"Joglekar",fullName:"Mugdha Joglekar",slug:"mugdha-joglekar"}]},{id:"18238",title:"Stem Cell Therapy for Islet Regeneration",slug:"stem-cell-therapy-for-islet-regeneration",signatures:"Phuc Pham Van",authors:[{id:"28799",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Phuc Van",middleName:"Van",surname:"Pham",fullName:"Phuc Van Pham",slug:"phuc-van-pham"}]},{id:"18239",title:"Topical Stem and Progenitor Cell Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers",slug:"topical-stem-and-progenitor-cell-therapy-for-diabetic-foot-ulcers",signatures:"Aonghus O’Loughlin and Timothy O’Brien",authors:[{id:"33464",title:"Dr.",name:"Aonghus",middleName:null,surname:"O'Loughlin",fullName:"Aonghus O'Loughlin",slug:"aonghus-o'loughlin"},{id:"36762",title:"Prof.",name:"Timothy",middleName:null,surname:"O'Brien",fullName:"Timothy O'Brien",slug:"timothy-o'brien"}]},{id:"18240",title:"Regeneration of the Kidney - Viewed from ES Cell",slug:"regeneration-of-the-kidney-viewed-from-es-cell",signatures:"Hirotsugu Iwatani and Enyu Imai",authors:[{id:"51983",title:"Dr.",name:"Hirotsugu",middleName:null,surname:"Iwatani",fullName:"Hirotsugu Iwatani",slug:"hirotsugu-iwatani"},{id:"59619",title:"Dr.",name:"Enyu",middleName:null,surname:"Imai",fullName:"Enyu Imai",slug:"enyu-imai"}]},{id:"18241",title:"Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells",slug:"periodontal-ligament-stem-cells",signatures:"Hidefumi Maeda, Naohisa Wada, Shinsuke Fujii, Atsushi Tomokiyo and Akifumi Akamine",authors:[{id:"53534",title:"Prof.",name:"Hidefumi",middleName:null,surname:"Maeda",fullName:"Hidefumi Maeda",slug:"hidefumi-maeda"},{id:"53542",title:"Dr.",name:"Naohisa",middleName:null,surname:"Wada",fullName:"Naohisa Wada",slug:"naohisa-wada"},{id:"53543",title:"Prof.",name:"Akifumi",middleName:null,surname:"Akamine",fullName:"Akifumi Akamine",slug:"akifumi-akamine"},{id:"53544",title:"Dr.",name:"Shinsuke",middleName:null,surname:"Fujii",fullName:"Shinsuke Fujii",slug:"shinsuke-fujii"},{id:"53547",title:"Dr.",name:"Atsushi",middleName:null,surname:"Tomokiyo",fullName:"Atsushi Tomokiyo",slug:"atsushi-tomokiyo"}]},{id:"18242",title:"Clinical Stem Cell Imaging and In vivo Tracking",slug:"clinical-stem-cell-imaging-and-in-vivo-tracking",signatures:"Sahar Mirpour and Ali Gholamrezanezhad",authors:[{id:"29557",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Gholamrezanezhad",fullName:"Ali Gholamrezanezhad",slug:"ali-gholamrezanezhad"},{id:"28966",title:"Dr.",name:"Sahar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirpour",fullName:"Sahar Mirpour",slug:"sahar-mirpour"}]},{id:"18243",title:"Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Acute Leukemia and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients",slug:"invasive-fungal-infections-in-patients-with-acute-leukemia-and-hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplant-re",signatures:"Maxim Norkin and John R. Wingard",authors:[{id:"48090",title:"Dr.",name:"Maxim",middleName:null,surname:"Norkin",fullName:"Maxim Norkin",slug:"maxim-norkin"},{id:"52846",title:"Dr.",name:"John",middleName:null,surname:"Wingard",fullName:"John Wingard",slug:"john-wingard"}]},{id:"18244",title:"Synchrotron Radiation and Nanotechnology for Stem Cell Research",slug:"synchrotron-radiation-and-nanotechnology-for-stem-cell-research",signatures:"Alessandra Giuliani, Fabrizio Fiori, Adrian Manescu, Vladimir S. Komlev, Chiara Renghini and Franco Rustichelli",authors:[{id:"36933",title:"Dr.",name:"Franco",middleName:null,surname:"Rustichelli",fullName:"Franco Rustichelli",slug:"franco-rustichelli"},{id:"89804",title:"Dr.",name:"Alessandra",middleName:null,surname:"Giuliani",fullName:"Alessandra Giuliani",slug:"alessandra-giuliani"}]},{id:"18245",title:"Spontaneous Generation of Neurospheres from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells",slug:"spontaneous-generation-of-neurospheres-from-mouse-embryonic-stem-cells",signatures:"Roberto Di Maio, Kommu Naga Mohan, Brianna Heath and Leonardo D’Aiuto",authors:[{id:"57483",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonardo",middleName:null,surname:"D'Aiuto",fullName:"Leonardo D'Aiuto",slug:"leonardo-d'aiuto"},{id:"60668",title:"Dr.",name:"Kommu Naga",middleName:null,surname:"Mohan",fullName:"Kommu Naga Mohan",slug:"kommu-naga-mohan"},{id:"60669",title:"Mr.",name:"Roberto",middleName:null,surname:"Di Maio",fullName:"Roberto Di Maio",slug:"roberto-di-maio"},{id:"85585",title:"Ms.",name:"Brianna",middleName:null,surname:"Heath",fullName:"Brianna Heath",slug:"brianna-heath"}]},{id:"18246",title:"Multidrug Resistance Transporters – Roles in maintaining Cancer Stem-Like Cells",slug:"multidrug-resistance-transporters-roles-in-maintaining-cancer-stem-like-cells",signatures:"To, Kenneth K.W. and Fu, L.W.",authors:[{id:"54169",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenneth",middleName:"K.W.",surname:"To",fullName:"Kenneth To",slug:"kenneth-to"},{id:"88328",title:"Prof.",name:"L.W.",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",fullName:"L.W. Fu",slug:"l.w.-fu"}]},{id:"18247",title:"Associated Adeno Virus Vector for Producing Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPS) for Human Somatic Cells",slug:"associated-adeno-virus-vector-for-producing-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells-ips-for-human-somatic-cel",signatures:"Edilamar Menezes Oliveira and M Ian Phillips",authors:[{id:"49360",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Ian",middleName:null,surname:"Phillips",fullName:"M. Ian Phillips",slug:"m.-ian-phillips"},{id:"60681",title:"Dr.",name:"Edilamar Menezes",middleName:null,surname:"de Oliveira",fullName:"Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira",slug:"edilamar-menezes-de-oliveira"}]},{id:"18248",title:"Raman Spectroscopy for Noninvasive Monitoring of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Viability Transitions",slug:"raman-spectroscopy-for-noninvasive-monitoring-of-umbilical-cord-mesenchymal-stem-cells-viability-tra",signatures:"P.Chen, F.Zhang, L.Lin, H.Bai, L.Zhang, G.Q.Tang, H.Fang, G.G.Mu, W. Gong, Z. P. Liu, Z. B. Han, H. Zhao and Z. C. Han",authors:[{id:"55520",title:"Prof.",name:"Ping",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Ping Chen",slug:"ping-chen"},{id:"61965",title:"Prof.",name:"Lie",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",fullName:"Lie Lin",slug:"lie-lin"},{id:"61966",title:"Prof.",name:"Hua",middleName:null,surname:"Bai",fullName:"Hua Bai",slug:"hua-bai"},{id:"61967",title:"Prof.",name:"Guoqing",middleName:null,surname:"Tang",fullName:"Guoqing Tang",slug:"guoqing-tang"},{id:"61968",title:"Prof.",name:"Hui",middleName:null,surname:"Fang",fullName:"Hui Fang",slug:"hui-fang"},{id:"61969",title:"Prof.",name:"Guoguang",middleName:null,surname:"Mu",fullName:"Guoguang Mu",slug:"guoguang-mu"},{id:"85798",title:"Mr.",name:"Feng",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Feng Zhang",slug:"feng-zhang"},{id:"85799",title:"Mr.",name:"Lei",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Lei Zhang",slug:"lei-zhang"},{id:"85800",title:"Dr",name:"Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",fullName:"Wei Gong",slug:"wei-gong"},{id:"85802",title:"Mr.",name:"Zhipeng",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Zhipeng Liu",slug:"zhipeng-liu"},{id:"85803",title:"Mr.",name:"Zhibo",middleName:null,surname:"Han",fullName:"Zhibo Han",slug:"zhibo-han"},{id:"85805",title:"Dr.",name:"Hui",middleName:null,surname:"Zhao",fullName:"Hui Zhao",slug:"hui-zhao"},{id:"85806",title:"Prof.",name:"Zhongchao",middleName:null,surname:"Han",fullName:"Zhongchao Han",slug:"zhongchao-han"}]},{id:"18249",title:"Novel Platforms to Create Labeled Stem Cells",slug:"novel-platforms-to-create-labeled-stem-cells",signatures:"Andrew Fontes, Rene Quintanilla and Uma Lakshmipathy",authors:[{id:"16213",title:"Dr.",name:"Uma",middleName:null,surname:"Lakshmipathy",fullName:"Uma Lakshmipathy",slug:"uma-lakshmipathy"},{id:"58481",title:"Mr.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Fontes",fullName:"Andrew Fontes",slug:"andrew-fontes"},{id:"58482",title:"Mr.",name:"Rene",middleName:null,surname:"Quintanilla",fullName:"Rene Quintanilla",slug:"rene-quintanilla"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"56",title:"Embryonic Stem Cells",subtitle:"The Hormonal Regulation of Pluripotency and Embryogenesis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c2a19ef174e6fb5df273830efe6b72da",slug:"embryonic-stem-cells-the-hormonal-regulation-of-pluripotency-and-embryogenesis",bookSignature:"Craig Atwood",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/56.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16945",title:"Prof.",name:"Craig",surname:"Atwood",slug:"craig-atwood",fullName:"Craig Atwood"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"216",title:"Stem Cells in Clinic and Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5a31b9aa4ace99ed56f02e53a74d068e",slug:"stem-cells-in-clinic-and-research",bookSignature:"Ali Gholamrezanezhad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/216.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"29557",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",surname:"Gholamrezanezhad",slug:"ali-gholamrezanezhad",fullName:"Ali Gholamrezanezhad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"388",title:"Embryonic Stem Cells",subtitle:"Basic Biology to Bioengineering",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"75fab84c1c8e75f1882393bd48c0e7a5",slug:"embryonic-stem-cells-basic-biology-to-bioengineering",bookSignature:"Michael S. Kallos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/388.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62719",title:"Prof.",name:"Michael S.",surname:"Kallos",slug:"michael-s.-kallos",fullName:"Michael S. Kallos"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"694",title:"Advances in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a8456364ad683155bfd97bb74960d66a",slug:"advances-in-hematopoietic-stem-cell-research",bookSignature:"Rosana Pelayo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/694.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"74711",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosana",surname:"Pelayo",slug:"rosana-pelayo",fullName:"Rosana Pelayo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"743",title:"Neural Stem Cells and Therapy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fa76ab74329ca44aa40fa5946e572a9b",slug:"neural-stem-cells-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Tao Sun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/743.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"77856",title:"Dr.",name:"Tao",surname:"Sun",slug:"tao-sun",fullName:"Tao Sun"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"1699",title:"Embryology",subtitle:"Updates and Highlights on Classic Topics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"286d68a97eec4805184885e4e85f6946",slug:"embryology-updates-and-highlights-on-classic-topics",bookSignature:"Luis Antonio Violin Pereira",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1699.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"106080",title:"Prof.",name:"Luis",surname:"Violin Pereira",slug:"luis-violin-pereira",fullName:"Luis Violin Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"78745",title:"Analysis of Return and Risk of Cryptocurrency Bitcoin Asset as Investment Instrument",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99910",slug:"analysis-of-return-and-risk-of-cryptocurrency-bitcoin-asset-as-investment-instrument",body:'As cryptocurrencies become popular and market places for cryptocurrencies are growing rapidly. Understanding the rate of return can support cryptocurrency world is and how design choices affect investors. One threat to cryptocurrencies is high fluctuations in traders’ willingness to buy or sell [1]. The adoption of crypto assets has been a great concern for policy makers ever since Facebook announced its cryptocurrency, Libra, in June 2019 [2].
The technology behind these cryptocurrencies, a decentralized and open-source system named “blockchain” is often presented as one of the most innovative technology offering several many disruptive innovations in the next years [3, 4, 5, 6]. The crypto-currencies trading volume also has a granger-causality to energy consumption [7]. A crypto asset is an intangible digital asset whose issuance, sale or transfer are secured by cryptographic technology and shared electronically via a distributed ledger [8].
The era of digitalization of technology has given birth to the cryptocurrency Bitcoin (BTC) as a new exciting currency for the world community, including Indonesia. BTC is an alternative to complement the needs of global financial transactions that want convenience, efficiency and security. Use of the digital computing tools to process scientific, economic, and social information has changed the human capacity, considerably. Virtual space is being activated year over year being the result of efficient application of information resources [9].
The development of BTC is very rapid in Indonesia. Indonesia, which has a total population of 271,349 889 people in 2020 (BPS, 2021). The population of Indonesia is very potential for the growth of the investment climate for BTC.
Almost all countries in the world experienced a decline in economic growth in 2020 due to the 19 virus pandemic. However, BTC price growth showed a very significant increase in 2020. BTC prices recorded the best performance since 2013 amounting to 260 USD / BTC. The price of BTC is USD 12,310 in 2020 or an increase of 68.04% compared to 2019 amounting to USD 7,326 / BTC (investing, 2021). Table 1 shows the development of the value of BTC (USD / BTC) in 2010–2020.
Variable | Indicator | Measurement | Type of data | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stock | Indonesia Composite Index | Average Stock Price/Baseline* | Ratio | www.investing.com |
Exchange Rate | Convert from USD to IDR currency | IDR/USD | Ratio | www.investing.com |
Gold | Gold price in USD per 1 Troy Ounce | USD/Troy Ounce | Ratio | www.harga-emas.org |
Bitcoin | Bitcoin price in USD per Bitcoin | USD/BTC | Ratio | www.investing.com |
Operational variable.
The baseline used to calculate the composite stock price index is the average price of the shares on August 10, 1982.
Source: various sources, 2021.
Indonesians who start investing in bitcoin currency can change the existing financial asset structure. The development of bitcoin currency in Indonesia can disturb the stability of the rupiah as the only valid currency for domestic transactions. Therefore, Bank Indonesia as the determinant of monetary policy has not or has not legalized bitcoin currency as a virtual currency in Indonesia.
This research aims to examine bitcoin cryptocurrency as an investment instrument opportunity compared to other investment instruments, namely stocks, gold and the rupiah exchange rate. For the government as policy makers, this research is expected to be an input for the development of digital currency in the era of information technology. In addition, for investors, this research is expected to illustrate the returns and risks faced when investing in bitcoin (Figure 1).
Bitcoin cryptocurrency graph 2010–2020 (USD/BTC). Source:
The study and analysis of the cryptocurrency market is a relatively new area. A few works published in recent years have had the potential interest in this topic. Many scientists have been studying Bitcoin from different angles ever since it appeared. Cryptocurrency is a digital currency, whose creation and control is based on cryptographic methods. Some researchers claim that Bitcoin is just a bubble. The fundamental value of Bitcoin is difficult to reveal, and history shows that innovative assets are indeed more prone to bubbles [10].
Bitcoin is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network that is fully controlled by its users without any central authority or intermediary. Bitcoin is a digital currency residing in an open source P2P (peer-to-peer) payment network. P2P is a computer network model that consists of two or more computers, where each computer in the network environment can share. This network makes it easy for users to transact directly without the need for services from third parties.
The elements of Bitcoin are the existence of a peer-to-peer network, blocks, blockchain, and miners. The peer-to-peer network in Bitcoin allows users to transfer a certain amount of Bitcoin value, these transactions are stored in files called blocks, these blocks are intertwined with each other to form a block chain called the blockchain, and miners solve complex mathematical formulas. to prove ownership of Bitcoin.
Bank Indonesia responds to the existence of Bitcoin if it can be used, traded, or stored as an asset or a form of digital commodity by the people of Indonesia, but it cannot be used as a means of payment because only the Rupiah currency is the only legal means of payment in Indonesia.
Bitcoin is the first implementation of the concept of cryptocurrency, which was first described by Wei Dai in 1998. The proposes of cryptocurrency is a new form of money that uses cryptography to control creation and transactions rather than using a centralized authority.
Cryptocurrency is a digital asset designed to function as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptography to secure financial transactions, control the creation of additional units, and verify asset transfers.19 Cryptocurrency is a type of alternative currency and digital currency. Cryptocurrencies use decentralized controls compared to centralized digital currencies and central banking systems.
Cryptocurrency is a virtual currency that circulates without being regulated by a particular central bank, is not “backed up” with gold as currency, and is not protected by any particular country. Distribution and use through the internet network media. With this crypto many benefits are obtained without exchanging it for real money, the value of crypto prices has international standards so that the value is the same everywhere, the transfer time is very fast, and crypto is not owned by a particular company. Crypto is a digital asset where transactions are carried out using an online network. Crypto assets are virtual so if one wants to see what the physical form of this currency is, then the answer is no. The form is not like a physical currency issued by a bank and also not the currency of a country.
Investors can maximize asset allocation through a combination of risky assets to reduce high risk. Investors who have an aversion to risk tend to reject investments that are more likely to have speculative content. Investors who do not like risk consider risk-free investments or speculate on investments that have a positive premium.
Research related to virtual currency, especially bitcoin cryptocurrency, is still rarely done in Indonesia. However, the development of bitcoin cryptocurrency has recently begun so that further studies are needed to provide an overview to the public and policy makers regarding bitcoin cryptocurrency investment. Some of the research results that have been carried out both domestically and globally can be summarized as follows:
Voskobojnikov et al. [11] identified and qualitatively analyzed 6,859 reviews pertaining to the user experience with top five mobile cryptocurrency wallets. They suggested that both new and experienced users struggle with general and domain-specific user experience issues that, aside from frustration and disengagement, might lead to dangerous errors and irreversible monetary losses. They reveal shortcomings of current wallet user experience as well as users’ misconceptions, some of which can be traced back to a reliance on their understanding of conventional payment systems. Based on their findings, they provide recommendations on how to design cryptocurrency wallets that both alleviate the identified issues and counteract some of the misconceptions in order to better support newcomers.
Hachicha and Hachicha [12] proved the efficiency of Markov Chain for our sample and the convergence and stability for all parameters to a certain level. On the whole, it seems that permanent shocks have an effect on the volatility of the price of the bitcoin and also on the other stock market. Our results will help investors better diversify their portfolio by adding this cryptocurrency.
Mikhaylov, A. [10] conclude that the cryptocurrency market has entered a new stage of development, which means a reduced possibility to have excess profits when investing in the most liquid cryptocurrencies in the future. However, buying new high-risk tools provides opportunities for speculative income.
Igoni et al. [13] concluded that market capitalization and volume of digital currency did not constitute the significant variables of policy to influence the monetary policies in the South African economy, hence they operate independently. A decision to adopt and regulate digital currency operation or not in Nigeria does not affect. They recommend the Nigerian to embrace the digital environment in terms of regulations for tax advantage.
Le Tran and Leirvik [14] shown that the level of market-efficiency in the five largest cryptocurrencies is highly time-varying. Specifically, before 2017, cryptocurrency-markets are mostly inefficient. This corrobo-rates recent results on the matter. However, the cryptocurrency-markets become more efficient over time in the period 2017–2019. This contradicts other, more recent, results on the matter. The reason is that they apply a longer sample than previous studies. Another important reason is that they apply a robust measure of efficiency, being directly able to determine if the efficiency is significant or not. On average, Litecoin is the most efficient cryptocurrency, and Ripple being the least efficient cryptocurrency.
Agosto and Cafferata [15] found that extremely rapid price accelerations, often referred to as explosive behaviors, followed by drastic drops pose high risks to investors. From a risk management perspective, testing the explosiveness of individual cryptocurrency time series is not the only crucial issue.
Rabbani et al. [16] identified that the sharia compliance related to the cryptocurrency/Blockchain is the biggest challenge which Islamic Financial Technology organizations are facing. During our review we also find that Islamic Financial Technology organizations are to be considered as partners by the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFI’s) than the competitors. If Islamic Financial institutions want to increase efficiency, transparency and customer satisfaction they have to adopt Financial Technology and become partners with the Financial Tech companies.
Hairudin et al. [17] indicated that public embrace of cryptocurrencies continues to lag as the masses currently show reluctance in embracing cryptocurrencies as a complement, let alone a substitute to fiat counterparts. Governments have also successfully defended their sovereignty in preserving legal tender status, structural seignior age and exclusivity. Market-based studies hint at consistent inefficiencies across the spectrum. The most promising areas of research for crypto-financial intelligentsia would be delving into establishing trial runs for central bank-backed cryptocurrencies.
Grobys et al. [18] indicated that a variable moving average strategy is successful when using the 20 days moving average trading strategy. Specifically, excluding Bitcoin the technical trading rule generates an excess return of 8.76% p.a. after controlling for the average market return. The results suggest that cryptocurrency markets are inefficient.
Amsyar et al. [19] concluded that cryptocurrency has the disadvantage of not having the authority responsible for dealing with all problems that occur in all transactions, and money laundering crimes also often occur, this is a challenge for how to utilize cryptocurrency and blockchain technology in the current era of globalization.
Vaz de Melo and Fluminense [20] indicated that indicate that the strength of dependence among the crypto-currencies has increased over the recent years in the cointegrated crypto-market. The conclusions reached will help investors to manage risk while identifying opportunities for alternative diversified and profitable investments.
Tu et al. [21] detected two sudden jumps in the standard deviation, in the second quarter of 2017 and at the beginning of 2018, which could have served as the early warning signals of two major price collapses that have happened in the following periods. They propose a mean-field phenomenological model for the price of cryptocurrency to show how the use of the standard deviation of the residuals is a better leading indicator of the collapse in price than the time-series’ autocorrelation. Their findings represent a first step towards a better diagnostic of the risk of critical transition in the price and/or volume of crypto-currencies.
Fang et al. [22] summarized the existing research papers and results on cryptocurrency trading, including available trading platforms, trading signals, trading strategy research and risk management. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of cryptocurrency trading research, by covering 126 research papers on various aspects of cryptocurrency trading (e.g., cryptocurrency trading systems, bubble and extreme condition, prediction of volatility and return, crypto-assets portfolio construction and crypto-assets, technical trading and others). This paper also analyses datasets, research trends and distribution among research objects (contents/properties) and technologies, concluding with some promising opportunities that remain open in cryptocurrency trading.
Drożdż et al. [23] found that A particularly significant result is that the measures applied for detecting cross-correlations between the dynamics of the BTC/ETH and EUR/USD exchange rates do not show any noticeable relationships. This could be taken as an indication that the cryptocurrency market has begun decoupling itself from the Forex.
Panagiotidis et al. [24] found that a significant interaction between bitcoin and traditional stock market. The increased impact of Asian markets on Bitcoin compared to other geographically-defined markets. Two years after the Chinese regulatory interventions and the sudden construction of CNY’s share in bitcoin trading volume.
Aysan et al. [25] found that bitcoin can be considered as a hedging tool against global geopolitical risk.
Krafft et al. [1] found that individual “buy” actions led to short-term increases in subsequent buy-side activity hundreds of times the size of our interventions. From a design perspective, we note that the design choices of the exchange we study may have promoted this and other peer influence effects, which highlights the potential social and economic impact of HCI in the design of digital institutions.
Panagiotidis et al. [26] found that search intensity and gold returns emerge as the most important variables for bitcoin returns.
Koutmos [27] found that the contribution of return shocks to transaction activity is quantitatively larger in magnitude.
Demir et al. [28] found that bitcoin can serve as a hedging tools again uncertainty.
Balcilar et al. [29] found that non-linear relationship between bitcoin returns and trading volume. The trading volume cannot help to predict the volatility of returns at any point of the conditional distribution.
Urquhart [30] found that bitcoin return significantly inefficient but in the process of moving towards an efficient market.
Based on the research objectives, the researcher wants to compare the returns obtained from bitcoin currency and others investment instrument, namely stocks, exchange rates and gold to see how rate of return behavior on bitcoin currency. Besides measure rate of return on bitcoin currency, the researcher also measures the risk of bitcoin currency investment. Standard deviation of bitcoin currency employee to measure the risk of the investment. Thus, the statistical hypotheses and research hypotheses used in this study are as follows:
Ho1: μ₁ = μ₂.
Ha1: μ1 ≠ μ2.
Ho2: μ1 = μ3.
Ha2: μ1 ≠ μ3.
Ho3: μ1 = μ4.
Ha3: μ1 ≠ μ4.
Ho4: μ₁ = μ2 = μ3 = μ4.
Ha4: At least one of the average returns are not equal.
where:
μ1 = average bitcoin returns.
μ2 = average exchange rate returns.
μ3 = average gold returns.
μ4 = average stock returns.
While the research hypothesis developed in this study is as follows:
H01: There is no difference between the bitcoin returns and the exchange rate returns.
Ha1: There is a difference between the bitcoin returns and the exchange rate returns.
H02: There is no difference between the bitcoin returns stock and the gold returns gold.
Ha2: There is a difference between the bitcoin returns and the gold returns.
H03: There is no difference between the bitcoin returns and the stock returns.
Ha3: There is a difference between the bitcoin returns and the stock returns.
H04: There is no difference between the bitcoin returns and the others investment instrument.
Ha4: There is a difference between the bitcoin returns and the others investment instrument.
This study compares the return and risk of bitcoin, stocks, gold and the rupiah exchange rate. This research is a type of quantitative research using secondary data. Secondary data used in the study were obtained from www.investing.com [31]; for bitcoin and share prices. Gold prices were obtained from www.harga-emas.org [32]; Rupiah exchange rate is obtained from www.bi.go.id [33]. The research period from 2010 to 2020 used monthly data or 132 observed data.
The return calculation uses the formula for the difference from the current value to the previous value divided by the value in the previous period. In general, the return formula can be written as follows:
where:
Rt = the return at period t.
Rt-1 = the return at period t−1.
In this study also measure risk of each investment instruments. Standard deviation is employed to measure the risk of investments. Standard deviation to measure how far the deviation from the average of each investment instruments. The higher standard deviation value means the higher risk of the investment. Here the formula to measure standard deviation (σ):
where:
σ = standard deviation of investment.
n = number of observation.
r(s) = return of investment.
r = average of investment.
Table 1 shows the operational variables used in this study include investment instruments, namely bitcoin, exchange rates, gold and stock.
Statistical descriptions include the average, minimum value, maximum value and standard deviation of each investment instrument, namely bitcoin, exchange rate returns, gold returns and stock returns during the study period 2011–2020. Bitcoin’s return has the largest average of 18% compared with returns from other investment instruments. In addition, the standard deviation of bitcoin returns has the largest value of 61.08% compared to other investment instruments. The range of bitcoin returns between −38.87% till 470.88%. Table 2 shows the descriptive statistics of the investment instruments studied.
Instrument | N | Min | Max | Mean | Std. dev. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bitcoin (μ1) | 120 | −0.3887 | 4.7088 | 0.1800 | 0.6108 |
Exchange Rate (μ2) | 120 | −0.0905 | 0.1367 | 0.0040 | 0.0258 |
Gold (μ3) | 120 | −0.1212 | 0.1363 | 0.0035 | 0.0472 |
Stock (μ4) | 120 | −0.1676 | 0.0944 | 0.0049 | 0.0415 |
Descriptive statistic.
Source: data processing, 2021.
The correlation matrix between investment instruments can be found in Table 3. The highest correlation is obtained from the return stock and return exchange rate (−0.602). The more the stock return increases, the lower the return exchange rate will be. In other words, the stronger the rupiah exchange rate, the more the composite stock price index will increase. The strengthening of the rupiah exchange rate had an impact on increasing domestic economic growth so that investors invested heavily in stocks. Therefore, stock returns also increase when there is an increase in the rupiah exchange rate. Meanwhile, bitcoin does not show a correlation with other investment instruments which is indicated by a correlation matrix value below 5%. This figure shows that the bitcoin returns are not affected by the others instruments investments returns namely exchange rate, gold and stock returns.
Instrument | Stock | Exchange Rate | Gold | Bitcoin |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stock | 1 | |||
Exchange Rate | −0.602 | 1 | ||
Gold | 0.218 | −0.258 | 1 | |
Bitcoin | 0.042 | 0.023 | −0.018 | 1 |
Correlation matrix.
Source: data processing, 2021.
An overview of the return fluctuations obtained from each investment instrument of stock return, exchange rate return, gold return and bitcoin return can be seen in Figures 2–5. Each investment instrument shows different return fluctuations. The lowest standard deviation is the exchange rate 2.58%, while the highest standard deviation is Bitcoin 61.08%. In other words, investment in bitcoin have the highest risk compared to the alternative investment instruments. The others investment instruments have low risk between 2.6% till 4.7%. Investment in foreign exchange rate has the lowest risk compared to the others alternative investments. Investment on gold and stock have similar risks around 4.2% to 4.7%.
The return stock 2011–2020. Source: data processing, 2021.
The return exchange rate 2011–2020. Source: data processing, 2021.
The return gold 2011–2020. Source: data processing, 2021.
Bitcoin return 2011–2020. Source: data processing, 2021.
The range of the largest fluctuation was obtained from the return on bitcoin investment, especially in the period 2012 to 2014. In 2013, bitcoin returns reached the highest point where returns increased from 10–70%. However, the return drastically decreased to (−5%) entering 2014. It means the investment in bitcoin get the highest return and also the highest risk compared to the others instrument of investment.
The next test was to compare the returns between each investment instrument through paired sample tests, namely stock-exchange rate, stock-gold, stock-bitcoin, exchange rate-gold, exchange rate-bitcoin and gold bitcoin. Table 4 shows the results of the paired sample test of each investment instrument.
Instrument | Mean | Std. dev. | Std. error mean | t | df | Sig. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bitcoin - Ex. Rate | −0.1760 | 0.6108 | 0.0558 | −3.156 | 119 | 0.002 |
Bitcoin - Gold | −0.1765 | 0.6135 | 0.0560 | −3.151 | 119 | 0.002 |
Bitcoin - Stock | −0.1751 | 0.6105 | 0.0557 | −3.143 | 119 | 0.002 |
Paired samples test.
Source: data processing, 2021.
The results of the paired samples test of returns between investment instruments can be seen in Table 4. The results of the paired sample test between bitcoin and the others investment instruments shows significant level less than 0.01. It means that is difference of return between bitcoin and the others investment instruments. The average means difference of bitcoin and the others investment instruments around −17.6%. Standard deviations show around 61% of investment on bitcoin. It means that the highest risk of bitcoin investments.
Based on the results of testing paired samples test return on investment between investment instruments and the explanation above, it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is as follows:
Ha1: There is a difference between the bitcoin and the exchange rate return (accepted at significance level 0.01).
Ha2: There is a difference between the bitcoin and the gold return (accepted at significance level 0.01).
Ha3: There is a difference between the bitcoin and the stock return (accepted at significance level 0.01).
One sample test is conducted to prove whether or not there are differences between the investment instruments used in this study. The one sample test results show that bitcoin returns provide a very significant difference (α < 0.01) compared to other investment instruments: exchange rate, gold and stock. The average return of stock, exchange and gold investment instruments.
Table 5 shows analysis of variance single factor for each investment instruments. The variance of bitcoin the highest (0.37) if compared to stock, exchange rate and gold returns (0.001–0.002). It means there us a big different between bitcoin returns and the others investment instruments.
Groups | Count | Sum | Average | Variance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stock return | 120 | 0.585183 | 0.004877 | 0.001723 |
Ex-Rate return | 120 | 0.483912 | 0.004033 | 0.000663 |
Gold Return | 120 | 0.422361 | 0.00352 | 0.002228 |
Bitcoin return | 120 | 21.60168 | 0.180014 | 0.373122 |
Anova single factor summary.
Source: data processing, 2021.
Table 6 shows analysis of variance to test hypothesis 4 whether there is significant level of the return. The result indicates that F calculation (0.9826) is higher than F critical value (2,624). It means there is significant different between bitcoin and the others investment instruments.
Source of variation | SS | df | MS | F | P-value | F crit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Between Groups | 2.783868 | 3 | 0.927956 | 9.826513 | 0.00000 | 2.623637 |
Within Groups | 44.95054 | 476 | 0.094434 | |||
Total | 47.73441 | 479 |
Anova single factor test.
Source: data processing, 2021.
Based on the results of the analysis of variance single factor test shows that there is a difference between the average return of all investment instruments. Thus, the statistical hypothesis and research hypothesis (Ha4) is accepted at significant level 0.01 or can be written down as follows:
Ha4: There is a difference between the investment instruments (accepted at significance level 0.01).
Based on the average test between the research instruments used, bitcoin has a very significant difference in return compared to other investment instruments. Meanwhile, stock investment instruments, exchange rate and gold have the same average return.
Based on the research results discussed in the previous chapter indicate that the investment in bitcoin still promising. The price of bitcoin rapidly increase during the study 2011–2020. The rate of return of bitcoin investment is the highest compared to the other investment instruments: stock, exchange rate and gold. Meanwhile, the bitcoin investment also has the highest risk compared the others investment instruments.
It can be concluded that bitcoin investment provides the highest return (18%) compared to other investment instrument returns. However, the very high return on bitcoin comes with high risk investment. The risk of investing in bitcoin is indicated by a standard deviation of 61%, while the standard deviation of other instruments: stock, exchange rate and gold less than 5%.
Based on the results of the paired sample test, it shows that the average return on bitcoin shows a very significant difference compared to the others instrument. Meanwhile, the return on the others instrument: stock, exchange rate and gold show the same return.
For the investors who love risk, then the investment in bitcoin could be an alternative for an investment. The investment on bitcoin promise higher return compare to the other investment instruments. For the investors who are risk aversion, an investment on bitcoin doesn’t fit since this investment have the highest risk.
This research has practical implication for the investors who require high return. In the same time, the investors also have to understand the risk along the investment on bitcoin.
The other implication for government of Indonesia as policy maker on crypto currency. The crypto currency quite develops rapidly in this crypto world era. The role and regulation on crypto currency are needed to secure investors and economic growth.
.
",metaTitle:"Order Print Copies - Terms",metaDescription:".",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"page/order-print-copies-terms/",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"Orders have to be prepaid in advance and before printing. We accept payment in GBP, EUR and USD. Payments can be made by bank transfer or cheque, by credit card (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover Card) and PayPal worldwide online payments system. In accordance with the best security practice, we do not accept card orders via email.
\\n\\nThe combined printing and delivery times for orders vary from 12-20 business days, depending on the printed quantity and destination. This period does not include any customs clearance difficulties that may arise and that are beyond our control. Once your order has been printed and shipped, you will receive a confirmation email that includes your DHL tracking number. You can then track your order at www.dhl.com.
\\n\\nMy order has not arrived, what do I do?
\\n\\nIf you do not receive your order within 30 days, please contact us to inquire about the shipping status at orders@intechopen.com.
\\n\\nPOD products are non-returnable and non-refundable, except in the event of poor print quality or an error in quantity. If we delivered the item to you in error or the item is faulty, please contact us. Inspect your order carefully when it arrives. Any problems should be immediately reported to orders@intechopen.com.
\\n\\nTaxes: Residents of European Union countries need to add a Book Value-Added Tax of 5%. Institutions and companies, registered as VAT taxable entities in their own EU member state, will not pay VAT by providing us their VAT registration number. This is made possible by the EU reverse charge method.
\\n\\nCustoms: Shipping costs do not include any duties, taxes or clearing charges levied by the destination country. These charges are the responsibility of the customer and will vary from country to country.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'Orders have to be prepaid in advance and before printing. We accept payment in GBP, EUR and USD. Payments can be made by bank transfer or cheque, by credit card (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover Card) and PayPal worldwide online payments system. In accordance with the best security practice, we do not accept card orders via email.
\n\nThe combined printing and delivery times for orders vary from 12-20 business days, depending on the printed quantity and destination. This period does not include any customs clearance difficulties that may arise and that are beyond our control. Once your order has been printed and shipped, you will receive a confirmation email that includes your DHL tracking number. You can then track your order at www.dhl.com.
\n\nMy order has not arrived, what do I do?
\n\nIf you do not receive your order within 30 days, please contact us to inquire about the shipping status at orders@intechopen.com.
\n\nPOD products are non-returnable and non-refundable, except in the event of poor print quality or an error in quantity. If we delivered the item to you in error or the item is faulty, please contact us. Inspect your order carefully when it arrives. Any problems should be immediately reported to orders@intechopen.com.
\n\nTaxes: Residents of European Union countries need to add a Book Value-Added Tax of 5%. Institutions and companies, registered as VAT taxable entities in their own EU member state, will not pay VAT by providing us their VAT registration number. This is made possible by the EU reverse charge method.
\n\nCustoms: Shipping costs do not include any duties, taxes or clearing charges levied by the destination country. These charges are the responsibility of the customer and will vary from country to country.
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:6581},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5888},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:2381},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:12507},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1006},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:17528}],offset:12,limit:12,total:132501},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"-dateEndThirdStepPublish",src:"OV-T-0"},books:[{type:"book",id:"9985",title:"Geostatistics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"423cb3896195a618c4acb493ce4fd23d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Jeffrey M. Yarus, Dr. Marko Maucec, Dr. Timothy C. Coburn and Associate Prof. Michael Pyrcz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9985.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"78011",title:"Prof.",name:"Jeffrey M.",surname:"Yarus",slug:"jeffrey-m.-yarus",fullName:"Jeffrey M. Yarus"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11630",title:"Life in Extreme Environments - Diversity, Adaptability and Valuable Resources of Bioactive Molecules",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9c39aa5fd22296ba53d87df6d761a5fc",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Afef Najjari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11630.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"196823",title:"Dr.",name:"Afef",surname:"Najjari",slug:"afef-najjari",fullName:"Afef Najjari"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11433",title:"Human Migration in the Last Three Centuries",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9836df9e82aa9f82e3852a60204909a8",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ingrid Muenstermann",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11433.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"77112",title:"Dr.",name:"Ingrid",surname:"Muenstermann",slug:"ingrid-muenstermann",fullName:"Ingrid Muenstermann"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11842",title:"Altimetry - Theory, Applications and Recent Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b2b6e7b58333453ef7b73416d8fdfaf3",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Tomislav Bašić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11842.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"343125",title:"Prof.",name:"Tomislav",surname:"Bašić",slug:"tomislav-basic",fullName:"Tomislav Bašić"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12104",title:"Viral Outbreaks - Global Trends and Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"60828f26feed5832a47a13caac706c08",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Shailendra K. Saxena",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12104.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11804",title:"CRISPR Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4051570f538bd3315e051267180abe37",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Yuan-Chuan Chen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11804.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"185559",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuan-Chuan",surname:"Chen",slug:"yuan-chuan-chen",fullName:"Yuan-Chuan Chen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12108",title:"Clinical Trials - Recent Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"79472fc7310e9655a881c6d2ad7128b0",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Xianli Lv",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12108.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"153155",title:"Dr.",name:"Xianli",surname:"Lv",slug:"xianli-lv",fullName:"Xianli Lv"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11676",title:"Recent Advances in Homeostasis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"63eb775115bf2d6d88530b234a1cc4c2",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Gaffar Sarwar Zaman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11676.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"203015",title:"Dr.",name:"Gaffar",surname:"Zaman",slug:"gaffar-zaman",fullName:"Gaffar Zaman"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11872",title:"Peripheral Arterial Disease - The Challenges of Revascularization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"80be3d16e4c8f89f3501ed408729f695",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Ana Terezinha Guillaumon, Dr. Daniel Emilio Dalledone Siqueira and Dr. Martin Geiger",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11872.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"251226",title:"Prof.",name:"Ana Terezinha",surname:"Guillaumon",slug:"ana-terezinha-guillaumon",fullName:"Ana Terezinha Guillaumon"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11533",title:"Advances in Green Electronics Technologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"209fb1d781e97e58e1b2098b8976e2c3",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Albert Sabban",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11533.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"16889",title:"Dr.",name:"Albert",surname:"Sabban",slug:"albert-sabban",fullName:"Albert Sabban"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11467",title:"Bismuth-Based Nanostructured Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"951c872d9d90e13cfe7d97c0af91845e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. William Wilson Anku",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11467.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"196465",title:"Dr.",name:"William Wilson",surname:"Anku",slug:"william-wilson-anku",fullName:"William Wilson Anku"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11584",title:"Migraine Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"44a6090845f971a215ddf013f1dc2027",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Theodoros Mavridis, Dr. Georgios Vavougios and Associate Prof. Dimos-Dimitrios Mitsikostas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11584.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"320230",title:"Dr.",name:"Theodoros",surname:"Mavridis",slug:"theodoros-mavridis",fullName:"Theodoros Mavridis"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:41},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:20},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:20},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:60},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:27},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:122},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:4}],offset:12,limit:12,total:406},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10222",title:"Demyelination Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6c26ceccacdde70c41c587361bd5558",slug:"demyelination-disorders",bookSignature:"Stavros J. Baloyannis, Fabian H. Rossi and Welwin Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10222.jpg",editors:[{id:"156098",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"Stavros J.",middleName:"J.",surname:"Baloyannis",slug:"stavros-j.-baloyannis",fullName:"Stavros J. Baloyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10979",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6f345ebcf4fd61e73643c69063a12c7b",slug:"parenting-challenges-of-child-rearing-in-a-changing-society",bookSignature:"Sayyed Ali Samadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10979.jpg",editors:[{id:"52145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sayyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Samadi",slug:"sayyed-ali-samadi",fullName:"Sayyed Ali Samadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10764",title:"Antenna Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2fbf1c7a5d92723f08198fc9b526a8ad",slug:"antenna-systems",bookSignature:"Hussain Al-Rizzo and Said Abushamleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10764.jpg",editors:[{id:"153384",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rizzo",slug:"hussain-al-rizzo",fullName:"Hussain Al-Rizzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:"sustainability-of-concrete-with-synthetic-and-recycled-aggregates",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10351",title:"Enhanced Liposuction",subtitle:"New Perspectives and Techniques",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f08ed6de16da357614586c5b58ed4dfa",slug:"enhanced-liposuction-new-perspectives-and-techniques",bookSignature:"Diane Irvine Duncan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10351.jpg",editors:[{id:"279869",title:"Dr.",name:"Diane Irvine",middleName:null,surname:"Duncan",slug:"diane-irvine-duncan",fullName:"Diane Irvine Duncan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10779",title:"21st Century Nanostructured Materials",subtitle:"Physics, Chemistry, Classification, and Emerging Applications in Industry, Biomedicine, and Agriculture",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"72c67f97f9bef68200df115b5fd79884",slug:"21st-century-nanostructured-materials-physics-chemistry-classification-and-emerging-applications-in-industry-biomedicine-and-agriculture",bookSignature:"Phuong V. Pham",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10779.jpg",editors:[{id:"236073",title:"Dr.",name:"Phuong",middleName:"Viet",surname:"Pham",slug:"phuong-pham",fullName:"Phuong Pham"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4386},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3665,editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10222",title:"Demyelination Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6c26ceccacdde70c41c587361bd5558",slug:"demyelination-disorders",bookSignature:"Stavros J. Baloyannis, Fabian H. Rossi and Welwin Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10222.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1713,editors:[{id:"156098",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"Stavros J.",middleName:"J.",surname:"Baloyannis",slug:"stavros-j.-baloyannis",fullName:"Stavros J. Baloyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2481,editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10979",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6f345ebcf4fd61e73643c69063a12c7b",slug:"parenting-challenges-of-child-rearing-in-a-changing-society",bookSignature:"Sayyed Ali Samadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10979.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1107,editors:[{id:"52145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sayyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Samadi",slug:"sayyed-ali-samadi",fullName:"Sayyed Ali Samadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3307,editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3266,editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10764",title:"Antenna Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2fbf1c7a5d92723f08198fc9b526a8ad",slug:"antenna-systems",bookSignature:"Hussain Al-Rizzo and Said Abushamleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10764.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1868,editors:[{id:"153384",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rizzo",slug:"hussain-al-rizzo",fullName:"Hussain Al-Rizzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:"sustainability-of-concrete-with-synthetic-and-recycled-aggregates",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:856,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1704,editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",publishedDate:"March 16th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7489,editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8737",title:"Rabies Virus at the Beginning of 21st Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49cce3f548da548c718c865feb343509",slug:"rabies-virus-at-the-beginning-of-21st-century",bookSignature:"Sergey Tkachev",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8737.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"61139",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Tkachev",slug:"sergey-tkachev",fullName:"Sergey Tkachev"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10861",title:"Furan Derivatives",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fdfc39cecd82f91b0effac994f75c877",slug:"furan-derivatives-recent-advances-and-applications",bookSignature:"Anish Khan, Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, M. Ramesh, Salman Ahmad Khan and Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Asiri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10861.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"293058",title:"Dr.",name:"Anish",middleName:null,surname:"Khan",slug:"anish-khan",fullName:"Anish Khan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10870",title:"Ultrasound Imaging",subtitle:"Current Topics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2f0bc3733ab226d67fa73759ef0e12ad",slug:"ultrasound-imaging-current-topics",bookSignature:"Felix Okechukwu Erondu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10870.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"68312",title:"Prof.",name:"Felix",middleName:null,surname:"Okechukwu Erondu",slug:"felix-okechukwu-erondu",fullName:"Felix Okechukwu Erondu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11392",title:"Leadership in a Changing World",subtitle:"A Multidimensional Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"86a6d33cf601587e591064ce92effc02",slug:"leadership-in-a-changing-world-a-multidimensional-perspective",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Bilal Khalid, Md. Samim Al Azad and Slimane Ed-dafali",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11392.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10400",title:"The Application of Ant Colony Optimization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f4fdfd07ee1ab99fb7c740d6d0c144c6",slug:"the-application-of-ant-colony-optimization",bookSignature:"Ali Soofastaei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10400.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"257455",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Soofastaei",slug:"ali-soofastaei",fullName:"Ali Soofastaei"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10915",title:"Leadership",subtitle:"New Insights",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0d72e79892f2a020cee66a52d09de5a4",slug:"leadership-new-insights",bookSignature:"Mário Franco",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10915.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"105529",title:"Dr.",name:"Mário",middleName:null,surname:"Franco",slug:"mario-franco",fullName:"Mário Franco"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10683",title:"Technological Innovations and Advances in Hydropower Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ce7ad8768bd2cad155470fe1fd883f4",slug:"technological-innovations-and-advances-in-hydropower-engineering",bookSignature:"Yizi Shang, Ling Shang and Xiaofei Li",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10683.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"349630",title:"Dr.",name:"Yizi",middleName:null,surname:"Shang",slug:"yizi-shang",fullName:"Yizi Shang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7102",title:"Pneumonia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9fd70142814192dcec58a176749f1b60",slug:"pneumonia",bookSignature:"Nima Rezaei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7102.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"116250",title:"Dr.",name:"Nima",middleName:null,surname:"Rezaei",slug:"nima-rezaei",fullName:"Nima Rezaei"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9670",title:"Current Trends in Wheat Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"89d795987f1747a76eee532700d2093d",slug:"current-trends-in-wheat-research",bookSignature:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9670.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editors:[{id:"185476",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman",middleName:null,surname:"Ansari",slug:"mahmood-ur-rahman-ansari",fullName:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"751",title:"Nano Electronics",slug:"nano-electronics",parent:{id:"116",title:"Electrical and Electronic Engineering",slug:"electrical-and-electronic-engineering"},numberOfBooks:5,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:50,numberOfWosCitations:98,numberOfCrossrefCitations:57,numberOfDimensionsCitations:99,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"751",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"10073",title:"Recent Advances in Nanophotonics",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"aceca7dfc807140870a89d42c5537d7c",slug:"recent-advances-in-nanophotonics-fundamentals-and-applications",bookSignature:"Mojtaba Kahrizi and Parsoua A. Sohi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10073.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"113045",title:"Dr.",name:"Mojtaba",middleName:null,surname:"Kahrizi",slug:"mojtaba-kahrizi",fullName:"Mojtaba Kahrizi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8539",title:"Nanogenerators",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"91a10b2cf3671816d028eb8dceaa236c",slug:"nanogenerators",bookSignature:"Sang Jae Kim, Arunkumar Chandrasekhar and Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8539.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"81419",title:"Prof.",name:"Sang-Jae",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",slug:"sang-jae-kim",fullName:"Sang-Jae Kim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6124",title:"Micro/Nanolithography",subtitle:"A Heuristic Aspect on the Enduring Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c94caf617c31b349bd3d9dd054a022a3",slug:"micro-nanolithography-a-heuristic-aspect-on-the-enduring-technology",bookSignature:"Jagannathan Thirumalai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6124.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jagannathan",middleName:null,surname:"Thirumalai",slug:"jagannathan-thirumalai",fullName:"Jagannathan Thirumalai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5746",title:"Quantum-dot Based Light-emitting Diodes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8fb72b46f25ab676b1b1d52b691a80dc",slug:"quantum-dot-based-light-emitting-diodes",bookSignature:"Morteza Sasani Ghamsari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5746.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"64949",title:"Prof.",name:"Morteza",middleName:null,surname:"Sasani Ghamsari",slug:"morteza-sasani-ghamsari",fullName:"Morteza Sasani Ghamsari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3635",title:"Polymer Thin Films",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"polymer-thin-films",bookSignature:"Abbass A Hashim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3635.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:5,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"58424",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72860",title:"Large-Area Nanoimprint Lithography and Applications",slug:"large-area-nanoimprint-lithography-and-applications",totalDownloads:1995,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:11,abstract:"Large-area nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has been regarded as one of the most promising micro/nano-manufacturing technologies for mass production of large-area micro/nanoscale patterns and complex 3D structures and high aspect ratio features with low cost, high throughput, and high resolution. That opens the door and paves the way for many commercial applications not previously conceptualized or economically feasible. Great progresses in large-area nanoimprint lithography have been achieved in recent years. This chapter mainly presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in large-area NIL processes. Some promising solutions of large-area NIL and emerging methods, which can implement mass production of micro-and nanostructures over large areas on various substrates or surfaces, are described in detail. Moreover, numerous industrial-level applications and innovative products based on large-area NIL are also demonstrated. Finally, prospects, challenges, and future directions for industrial scale large-area NIL are addressed. An infrastructure of large-area nanoimprint lithography is proposed. In addition, some recent progresses and research activities in large-area NIL suitable for high volume manufacturing environments from our Labs are also introduced. This chapter may provide a reference and direction for the further explorations and studies of large-area micro/nanopatterning technologies.",book:{id:"6124",slug:"micro-nanolithography-a-heuristic-aspect-on-the-enduring-technology",title:"Micro/Nanolithography",fullTitle:"Micro/Nanolithography - A Heuristic Aspect on the Enduring Technology"},signatures:"Hongbo Lan",authors:[{id:"6642",title:"Prof.",name:"Hongbo",middleName:null,surname:"Lan",slug:"hongbo-lan",fullName:"Hongbo Lan"}]},{id:"9620",doi:"10.5772/8403",title:"Surface Wetting Characteristics of Rubbed Polyimide Thin Films",slug:"surface-wetting-characteristics-of-rubbed-polyimide-thin-films",totalDownloads:5396,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:10,abstract:null,book:{id:"3635",slug:"polymer-thin-films",title:"Polymer Thin Films",fullTitle:"Polymer Thin Films"},signatures:"Wenjun Zheng",authors:null},{id:"72277",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.92614",title:"Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: Introduction and Applications",slug:"surface-enhanced-raman-scattering-introduction-and-applications",totalDownloads:1458,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:10,abstract:"Scattering of light by molecules can be elastic, Rayleigh scattering, or inelastic, Raman scattering. In the elastic scattering, the photon’s energy and the state of the molecule after the scattering events are unchanged. Hence, Rayleigh scattered light does not contain much information on the structure of molecular states. In inelastic scattering, the frequency of monochromatic light changes upon interaction with the vibrational states, or modes, of a molecule. With the advancement in the laser sources, better and compact spectrometers, detectors, and optics Raman spectroscopy have developed as a highly sensitive technique to probe structural details of a complex molecular structure. However, the low scattering cross section (10−31) of Raman scattering has limited the applications of the conventional Raman spectroscopy. With the discovery of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in 1973 by Martin Fleischmann, the interest of the research community in Raman spectroscopy as an analytical method has been revived. This chapter aims to familiarize the readers with the basics of Raman scattering phenomenon and SERS. This chapter will also discuss the latest developments in the SERS and its applications in various fields.",book:{id:"10073",slug:"recent-advances-in-nanophotonics-fundamentals-and-applications",title:"Recent Advances in Nanophotonics",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Nanophotonics - Fundamentals and Applications"},signatures:"Samir Kumar, Prabhat Kumar, Anamika Das and Chandra Shakher Pathak",authors:null},{id:"58220",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72534",title:"Fabrication and Replication of Periodic Nanopyramid Structures by Laser Interference Lithography and UV Nanoimprint Lithography for Solar Cells Applications",slug:"fabrication-and-replication-of-periodic-nanopyramid-structures-by-laser-interference-lithography-and",totalDownloads:1363,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:6,abstract:"In this chapter, the fabrication and replication of periodic nanopyramid structures suitable for antireflection and self-cleaning surfaces are presented. Laser interference lithography (LIL), dry etching, wet etching, and UV nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) are employed for the fabrication and replication of periodic nanopyramid structures. Inverted nanopyramid structures were fabricated on Si substrates by LIL and subsequent pattern transfer process using reactive ion etching, followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet etching. The fabricated periodic inverted nanopyramid structures were utilized as a master mold for the nanoimprint process. The upright nanopyramid structures were patterned on the OrmoStamp-coated glass substrate with high fidelity in the first nanoimprint process. In the second nanoimprint process, inverted nanopyramid structures were replicated on the OrmoStamp-coated substrate using the fabricated upright nanopyramid glass substrate as a mold. The replicated inverted nanopyramid structure on resist-coated substrate was faithfully resolved with the high accuracy compared to original Si master mold down to nanometer scale. Both upright and inverted nanopyramid structures can be utilized as surface coatings for light trapping and self-cleaning applications for different types of solar cell and glass surfaces.",book:{id:"6124",slug:"micro-nanolithography-a-heuristic-aspect-on-the-enduring-technology",title:"Micro/Nanolithography",fullTitle:"Micro/Nanolithography - A Heuristic Aspect on the Enduring Technology"},signatures:"Amalraj Peter Amalathas and Maan M. Alkaisi",authors:[{id:"6368",title:"Prof.",name:"Maan",middleName:null,surname:"Alkaisi",slug:"maan-alkaisi",fullName:"Maan Alkaisi"},{id:"207012",title:"Dr.",name:"Amalraj",middleName:null,surname:"Peter Amalathas",slug:"amalraj-peter-amalathas",fullName:"Amalraj Peter Amalathas"}]},{id:"58772",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72885",title:"Micro/Nano Patterning on Polymers Using Soft Lithography Technique",slug:"micro-nano-patterning-on-polymers-using-soft-lithography-technique",totalDownloads:1302,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"Microfabrication is essential in the field of science and technology. The development and innovations in this field are already prominent in the society through microelectronics and optoelectronics. The lithography or transfer of pattern to the substrate/surface of a layer is an important process step in microfabrication and is usually carried out with photolithography. Though photolithography is a well-established technique, it suffers from drawbacks such as limited feature size due to optical diffraction, requirement of high-energy radiation for small features, and high-cost involvement for sophisticated instruments. Also, it cannot be applied to nonplanar surfaces. Soft lithography is complement to photolithography which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks. Soft lithography is a simple and inexpensive method, and also, it suits to wide range of materials and very large surface areas. High-quality micropatterns or nanopatterns can be made using a patterned elastomeric stamp. This article briefly describes the various soft lithography techniques to obtain high-resolution structures for nanofabrication.",book:{id:"6124",slug:"micro-nanolithography-a-heuristic-aspect-on-the-enduring-technology",title:"Micro/Nanolithography",fullTitle:"Micro/Nanolithography - A Heuristic Aspect on the Enduring Technology"},signatures:"Sujatha Lakshminarayanan",authors:[{id:"220545",title:"Dr.",name:"Sujatha",middleName:null,surname:"Lakshminarayanan",slug:"sujatha-lakshminarayanan",fullName:"Sujatha Lakshminarayanan"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"72277",title:"Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: Introduction and Applications",slug:"surface-enhanced-raman-scattering-introduction-and-applications",totalDownloads:1458,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:10,abstract:"Scattering of light by molecules can be elastic, Rayleigh scattering, or inelastic, Raman scattering. In the elastic scattering, the photon’s energy and the state of the molecule after the scattering events are unchanged. Hence, Rayleigh scattered light does not contain much information on the structure of molecular states. In inelastic scattering, the frequency of monochromatic light changes upon interaction with the vibrational states, or modes, of a molecule. With the advancement in the laser sources, better and compact spectrometers, detectors, and optics Raman spectroscopy have developed as a highly sensitive technique to probe structural details of a complex molecular structure. However, the low scattering cross section (10−31) of Raman scattering has limited the applications of the conventional Raman spectroscopy. With the discovery of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in 1973 by Martin Fleischmann, the interest of the research community in Raman spectroscopy as an analytical method has been revived. This chapter aims to familiarize the readers with the basics of Raman scattering phenomenon and SERS. This chapter will also discuss the latest developments in the SERS and its applications in various fields.",book:{id:"10073",slug:"recent-advances-in-nanophotonics-fundamentals-and-applications",title:"Recent Advances in Nanophotonics",fullTitle:"Recent Advances in Nanophotonics - Fundamentals and Applications"},signatures:"Samir Kumar, Prabhat Kumar, Anamika Das and Chandra Shakher Pathak",authors:null},{id:"55768",title:"Quantum Dot-Based Light Emitting Diodes (QDLEDs): New Progress",slug:"quantum-dot-based-light-emitting-diodes-qdleds-new-progress",totalDownloads:2506,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"In recent years, the display industry has progressed rapidly. One of the most important developments is the ability to build flexible, transparent and very thin displays by organic light emitting diode (OLED). Researchers working on this field try to improve this area more and more. It is shown that quantum dot (QD) can be helpful in this approach. In this chapter, writers try to consider all the studies performed in recent years about quantum dot-based light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) and conclude how this nanoparticle can improve performance of QDLEDs. In fact, the existence of quantum dots in QDLEDs can cause an excellent improvement in their efficiency and lifetime resulted from using improved active layer by colloidal nanocrystals. Finally, the recent progresses on the quantum dot-based light emitting diodes are reviewed in this chapter, and an important outlook into challenges ahead is prepared.",book:{id:"5746",slug:"quantum-dot-based-light-emitting-diodes",title:"Quantum-dot Based Light-emitting Diodes",fullTitle:"Quantum-dot Based Light-emitting Diodes"},signatures:"Neda Heydari, Seyed Mohammad Bagher Ghorashi, Wooje Han and\nHyung-Ho Park",authors:[{id:"199095",title:"Prof.",name:"Hyung-Ho",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"hyung-ho-park",fullName:"Hyung-Ho Park"},{id:"202100",title:"Dr.",name:"Neda",middleName:null,surname:"Heydari",slug:"neda-heydari",fullName:"Neda Heydari"},{id:"202684",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mohammad Bagher Ghorashi",middleName:null,surname:"Ghorashi",slug:"seyed-mohammad-bagher-ghorashi-ghorashi",fullName:"Seyed Mohammad Bagher Ghorashi Ghorashi"},{id:"209683",title:"Mr.",name:"Wooje",middleName:null,surname:"Han",slug:"wooje-han",fullName:"Wooje Han"}]},{id:"70813",title:"Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Design, Fabrication, Energy Harvesting, and Portable-Wearable Applications",slug:"triboelectric-nanogenerators-design-fabrication-energy-harvesting-and-portable-wearable-applications",totalDownloads:1501,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"Scavenging energy from our day-to-day activity into useful electrical energy be the best solution to solve the energy crisis. This concept entirely reduces the usage of batteries, which have a complex issue in recycling and disposal. For electrical harvesting energy from vibration energy, there are few energy harvesters available, but the fabrication, implementation, and maintenances are quite complicated. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) having the advantage of accessible design, less fabrication cost, and high energy efficiency can replace the battery in low-power electronic devices. TENGs can operate in various working modes such as contact-separation mode, sliding mode, single-electrode mode, and free-standing mode. The design of TENGs with the respective operating modes employed in generating electric power as well as can be utilized as a portable and wearable power source. The fabrication of triboelectric layers with micro-roughness could enhance the triboelectric charge generation. The objective of this chapter is to deal with the design of triboelectric layers, creating micro structured roughness using the soft-lithographic technique, fabrication of TENGs using different working modes, energy harvesting performance analysis, powering up commercial devices (LEDs, displays, and capacitors), and portable-wearable applications.",book:{id:"8539",slug:"nanogenerators",title:"Nanogenerators",fullTitle:"Nanogenerators"},signatures:"Venkateswaran Vivekananthan, Arunkumar Chandrasekhar, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Yuvasree Purusothaman, Gaurav Khandelwal and Sang-Jae Kim",authors:[{id:"81419",title:"Prof.",name:"Sang-Jae",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",slug:"sang-jae-kim",fullName:"Sang-Jae Kim"},{id:"226214",title:"Dr.",name:"Nagamalleswara Rao",middleName:null,surname:"Alluri",slug:"nagamalleswara-rao-alluri",fullName:"Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri"},{id:"226215",title:"Prof.",name:"Arunkumar",middleName:null,surname:"Chandrasekhar",slug:"arunkumar-chandrasekhar",fullName:"Arunkumar Chandrasekhar"},{id:"313713",title:"Mr.",name:"Venkateswaran",middleName:null,surname:"Vivekananthan",slug:"venkateswaran-vivekananthan",fullName:"Venkateswaran Vivekananthan"},{id:"313714",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuvasree",middleName:null,surname:"Purusothaman",slug:"yuvasree-purusothaman",fullName:"Yuvasree Purusothaman"},{id:"313715",title:"Mr.",name:"Gaurav",middleName:null,surname:"Khandelwal",slug:"gaurav-khandelwal",fullName:"Gaurav Khandelwal"}]},{id:"56681",title:"Valley Polarized Single Photon Source Based on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Quantum Dots",slug:"valley-polarized-single-photon-source-based-on-transition-metal-dichalcogenides-quantum-dots",totalDownloads:1894,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Photonic quantum computer, quantum communication, quantum metrology, and optical quantum information processing require a development of efficient solid‐state single photon sources. However, it still remains a challenge. We report theoretical framework and experimental development on a novel kind of valley‐polarized single‐photon emitter (SPE) based on two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) quantum dots. In order to reveal the principle of the SPE, we make a brief review on the electronic structure of the TMDCs and excitonic behavior in photoluminescence (PL) and in magneto‐PL of these materials. We also discuss coupled spin and valley physics, valley‐polarized optical absorption, and magneto‐optical absorption in TMDC quantum dots. We demonstrate that the valley‐polarization is robust against dot size and magnetic field, but optical transition energies show sizable size‐effect. Three versatile models, including density functional theory, tight‐binding and effective k⋅p method, have been adopted in our calculations and the corresponding results have been presented.",book:{id:"5746",slug:"quantum-dot-based-light-emitting-diodes",title:"Quantum-dot Based Light-emitting Diodes",fullTitle:"Quantum-dot Based Light-emitting Diodes"},signatures:"Fanyao Qu, Alexandre Cavalheiro Dias, Antonio Luciano de Almeida\nFonseca, Marco Cezar Barbosa Fernandes and Xiangmu Kong",authors:[{id:"99666",title:"Prof.",name:"Fanyao",middleName:null,surname:"Qu",slug:"fanyao-qu",fullName:"Fanyao Qu"}]},{id:"58480",title:"Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) Under Immersion Lithography",slug:"optical-proximity-correction-opc-under-immersion-lithography",totalDownloads:1512,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"As advanced technology nodes continue scaling down into sub-16 nm regime, optical microlithography becomes more vulnerable to process variations. As a result, overall lithographic yield continuously degrades. Since next-generation lithography (NGL) is still not mature enough, the industry relies heavily on resolution enhancement techniques (RETs), wherein optical proximity correction (OPC) with 193 nm immersion lithography is dominant in the foreseeable future. However, OPC algorithms are getting more aggressive. Consequently, complex mask solutions are outputted. Furthermore, this results in long computation time along with mask data volume explosion. In this chapter, recent state-of-the-art OPC algorithms are discussed. Thereafter, the performance of a recently published fast OPC methodology—to generate highly manufactured mask solutions with acceptable pattern fidelity under process variations—is verified on the public benchmarks.",book:{id:"6124",slug:"micro-nanolithography-a-heuristic-aspect-on-the-enduring-technology",title:"Micro/Nanolithography",fullTitle:"Micro/Nanolithography - A Heuristic Aspect on the Enduring Technology"},signatures:"Ahmed Awad, Atsushi Takahashi and Chikaaki Kodaman",authors:[{id:"220602",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",middleName:"Nassouh",surname:"Awad",slug:"ahmed-awad",fullName:"Ahmed Awad"},{id:"227583",title:"Prof.",name:"Atushi",middleName:null,surname:"Takahashi",slug:"atushi-takahashi",fullName:"Atushi Takahashi"},{id:"227584",title:"Dr.",name:"Chikaaki",middleName:null,surname:"Kodama",slug:"chikaaki-kodama",fullName:"Chikaaki Kodama"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"751",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:86,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:96,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:283,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:138,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:128,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:100,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",issn:"2633-1403",scope:"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary research area that aims to solve increasingly complex problems. In today's highly integrated world, AI promises to become a robust and powerful means for obtaining solutions to previously unsolvable problems. This Series is intended for researchers and students alike interested in this fascinating field and its many applications.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/14.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 14th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:8,editor:{id:"218714",title:"Prof.",name:"Andries",middleName:null,surname:"Engelbrecht",slug:"andries-engelbrecht",fullName:"Andries Engelbrecht",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRNR8QAO/Profile_Picture_1622640468300",biography:"Andries Engelbrecht received the Masters and PhD degrees in Computer Science from the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 1994 and 1999 respectively. He is currently appointed as the Voigt Chair in Data Science in the Department of Industrial Engineering, with a joint appointment as Professor in the Computer Science Division, Stellenbosch University. Prior to his appointment at Stellenbosch University, he has been at the University of Pretoria, Department of Computer Science (1998-2018), where he was appointed as South Africa Research Chair in Artifical Intelligence (2007-2018), the head of the Department of Computer Science (2008-2017), and Director of the Institute for Big Data and Data Science (2017-2018). In addition to a number of research articles, he has written two books, Computational Intelligence: An Introduction and Fundamentals of Computational Swarm Intelligence.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Stellenbosch University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:6,paginationItems:[{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/22.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"27170",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:"M.",surname:"Travieso-Gonzalez",slug:"carlos-travieso-gonzalez",fullName:"Carlos Travieso-Gonzalez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/27170/images/system/27170.jpeg",biography:"Carlos M. Travieso-González received his MSc degree in Telecommunication Engineering at Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain in 1997, and his Ph.D. degree in 2002 at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC-Spain). He is a full professor of signal processing and pattern recognition and is head of the Signals and Communications Department at ULPGC, teaching from 2001 on subjects on signal processing and learning theory. His research lines are biometrics, biomedical signals and images, data mining, classification system, signal and image processing, machine learning, and environmental intelligence. He has researched in 52 international and Spanish research projects, some of them as head researcher. He is co-author of 4 books, co-editor of 27 proceedings books, guest editor for 8 JCR-ISI international journals, and up to 24 book chapters. He has over 450 papers published in international journals and conferences (81 of them indexed on JCR – ISI - Web of Science). He has published seven patents in the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office. He has been a supervisor on 8 Ph.D. theses (11 more are under supervision), and 130 master theses. He is the founder of The IEEE IWOBI conference series and the president of its Steering Committee, as well as the founder of both the InnoEducaTIC and APPIS conference series. He is an evaluator of project proposals for the European Union (H2020), Medical Research Council (MRC, UK), Spanish Government (ANECA, Spain), Research National Agency (ANR, France), DAAD (Germany), Argentinian Government, and the Colombian Institutions. He has been a reviewer in different indexed international journals (<70) and conferences (<250) since 2001. He has been a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Image Processing from 2007 and a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems from 2011. \n\nHe has held the general chair position for the following: ACM-APPIS (2020, 2021), IEEE-IWOBI (2019, 2020 and 2020), A PPIS (2018, 2019), IEEE-IWOBI (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018), InnoEducaTIC (2014, 2017), IEEE-INES (2013), NoLISP (2011), JRBP (2012), and IEEE-ICCST (2005)\n\nHe is an associate editor of the Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Journal (Hindawi – Q2 JCR-ISI). He was vice dean from 2004 to 2010 in the Higher Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers at ULPGC and the vice dean of Graduate and Postgraduate Studies from March 2013 to November 2017. He won the “Catedra Telefonica” Awards in Modality of Knowledge Transfer, 2017, 2018, and 2019 editions, and awards in Modality of COVID Research in 2020.\n\nPublic References:\nResearcher ID http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-5967-2014\nORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-2768 \nScopus Author ID https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602376272\nScholar Google https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=G1ks9nIAAAAJ&hl=en \nResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlos_Travieso",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"14004",title:"Dr.",name:"Magnus",middleName:null,surname:"Johnsson",slug:"magnus-johnsson",fullName:"Magnus Johnsson",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/14004/images/system/14004.png",biography:"Dr Magnus Johnsson is a cross-disciplinary scientist, lecturer, scientific editor and AI/machine learning consultant from Sweden. \n\nHe is currently at Malmö University in Sweden, but also held positions at Lund University in Sweden and at Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. \nHe holds editorial positions at several international scientific journals and has served as a scientific editor for books and special journal issues. \nHis research interests are wide and include, but are not limited to, autonomous systems, computer modeling, artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive robotics, cognitive architectures, cognitive aids and the philosophy of mind. \n\nDr. Johnsson has experience from working in the industry and he has a keen interest in the application of neural networks and artificial intelligence to fields like industry, finance, and medicine. \n\nWeb page: www.magnusjohnsson.se",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Malmö University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"294154",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Papakostas",slug:"george-papakostas",fullName:"George Papakostas",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hYaGbQAK/Profile_Picture_1624519712088",biography:"George A. Papakostas has received a diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1999 and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2002 and 2007, respectively, from the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Greece. Dr. Papakostas serves as a Tenured Full Professor at the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Greece. Dr. Papakostas has 10 years of experience in large-scale systems design as a senior software engineer and technical manager, and 20 years of research experience in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Currently, he is the Head of the “Visual Computing” division of HUman-MAchines INteraction Laboratory (HUMAIN-Lab) and the Director of the MPhil program “Advanced Technologies in Informatics and Computers” hosted by the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University. He has (co)authored more than 150 publications in indexed journals, international conferences and book chapters, 1 book (in Greek), 3 edited books, and 5 journal special issues. His publications have more than 2100 citations with h-index 27 (GoogleScholar). His research interests include computer/machine vision, machine learning, pattern recognition, computational intelligence. \nDr. Papakostas served as a reviewer in numerous journals, as a program\ncommittee member in international conferences and he is a member of the IAENG, MIR Labs, EUCogIII, INSTICC and the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"International Hellenic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/136112/images/system/136112.png",biography:"Sebastian Ventura is a Spanish researcher, a full professor with the Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba. Dr Ventura also holds the positions of Affiliated Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, USA) and Distinguished Adjunct Professor at King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Additionally, he is deputy director of the Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI) and heads the Knowledge Discovery and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory. He has published more than ten books and over 300 articles in journals and scientific conferences. Currently, his work has received over 18,000 citations according to Google Scholar, including more than 2200 citations in 2020. In the last five years, he has published more than 60 papers in international journals indexed in the JCR (around 70% of them belonging to first quartile journals) and he has edited some Springer books “Supervised Descriptive Pattern Mining” (2018), “Multiple Instance Learning - Foundations and Algorithms” (2016), and “Pattern Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms” (2016). He has also been involved in more than 20 research projects supported by the Spanish and Andalusian governments and the European Union. He currently belongs to the editorial board of PeerJ Computer Science, Information Fusion and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence journals, being also associate editor of Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing and IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics. Finally, he is editor-in-chief of Progress in Artificial Intelligence. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE Computer, the IEEE Computational Intelligence, and the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Societies, and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Finally, his main research interests include data science, computational intelligence, and their applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Córdoba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/26.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"27",title:"Multi-Agent Systems",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/27.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"148497",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Emin",surname:"Aydin",slug:"mehmet-aydin",fullName:"Mehmet Aydin",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/148497/images/system/148497.jpg",biography:"Dr. Mehmet Emin Aydin is a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Computer Science and Creative Technology, the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. His research interests include swarm intelligence, parallel and distributed metaheuristics, machine learning, intelligent agents and multi-agent systems, resource planning, scheduling and optimization, combinatorial optimization. Dr. Aydin is currently a Fellow of Higher Education Academy, UK, a member of EPSRC College, a senior member of IEEE and a senior member of ACM. In addition to being a member of advisory committees of many international conferences, he is an Editorial Board Member of various peer-reviewed international journals. He has served as guest editor for a number of special issues of peer-reviewed international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of the West of England",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:26,paginationItems:[{id:"81791",title:"Self-Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning in Computer Vision",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104785",signatures:"Yalin Bastanlar and Semih Orhan",slug:"self-supervised-contrastive-representation-learning-in-computer-vision",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79345",title:"Application of Jump Diffusion Models in Insurance Claim Estimation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99853",signatures:"Leonard Mushunje, Chiedza Elvina Mashiri, Edina Chandiwana and Maxwell Mashasha",slug:"application-of-jump-diffusion-models-in-insurance-claim-estimation-1",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81557",title:"Object Tracking Using Adapted Optical Flow",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102863",signatures:"Ronaldo Ferreira, Joaquim José de Castro Ferreira and António José Ribeiro Neves",slug:"object-tracking-using-adapted-optical-flow",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81558",title:"Thresholding Image Techniques for Plant Segmentation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104587",signatures:"Miguel Ángel Castillo-Martínez, Francisco Javier Gallegos-Funes, Blanca E. Carvajal-Gámez, Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa and Alberto J. Rosales-Silva",slug:"thresholding-image-techniques-for-plant-segmentation",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:8,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7723",title:"Artificial Intelligence",subtitle:"Applications in Medicine and Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7723.jpg",slug:"artificial-intelligence-applications-in-medicine-and-biology",publishedDate:"July 31st 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"a3852659e727f95c98c740ed98146011",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Artificial Intelligence - Applications in Medicine and Biology",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7726",title:"Swarm Intelligence",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7726.jpg",slug:"swarm-intelligence-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Javier Del Ser, Esther Villar and Eneko Osaba",hash:"e7ea7e74ce7a7a8e5359629e07c68d31",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",editors:[{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"7656",title:"Fuzzy Logic",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7656.jpg",slug:"fuzzy-logic",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Constantin Volosencu",hash:"54f092d4ffe0abf5e4172a80025019bc",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Fuzzy Logic",editors:[{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"9963",title:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9963.jpg",slug:"advances-and-applications-in-deep-learning",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"0d51ba46f22e55cb89140f60d86a071e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:2,paginationItems:[{id:"11603",title:"People Management - Highlighting Futures",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11603.jpg",hash:"982c56a5fb4684d966f8f5e76b2638f5",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"March 22nd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"450553",title:"Dr.",name:"Diana",surname:"Dias",slug:"diana-dias",fullName:"Diana Dias"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11601",title:"Econometrics - Recent Advances and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11601.jpg",hash:"bc8ab49e2cf436c217a49ca8c12a22eb",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 13th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"452331",title:"Dr.",name:"Brian",surname:"Sloboda",slug:"brian-sloboda",fullName:"Brian Sloboda"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:17,paginationItems:[{id:"81751",title:"NanoBioSensors: From Electrochemical Sensors Improvement to Theranostic Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102552",signatures:"Anielle C.A. Silva, Eliete A. Alvin, Lais S. de Jesus, Caio C.L. de França, Marílya P.G. da Silva, Samaysa L. Lins, Diógenes Meneses, Marcela R. Lemes, Rhanoica O. Guerra, Marcos V. da Silva, Carlo J.F. de Oliveira, Virmondes Rodrigues Junior, Renata M. Etchebehere, Fabiane C. de Abreu, Bruno G. Lucca, Sanívia A.L. Pereira, Rodrigo C. Rosa and Noelio O. Dantas",slug:"nanobiosensors-from-electrochemical-sensors-improvement-to-theranostic-applications",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81766",title:"Evolution of Organoids in Oncology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104251",signatures:"Allen Thayakumar Basanthakumar, Janitha Chandrasekhar Darlybai and Jyothsna Ganesh",slug:"evolution-of-organoids-in-oncology",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Organoids",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11430.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81678",title:"Developmental Studies on Practical Enzymatic Phosphate Ion Biosensors and Microbial BOD Biosensors, and New Insights into the Future Perspectives of These Biosensor Fields",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104377",signatures:"Hideaki Nakamura",slug:"developmental-studies-on-practical-enzymatic-phosphate-ion-biosensors-and-microbial-bod-biosensors-a",totalDownloads:3,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Hideaki",surname:"Nakamura"}],book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81547",title:"Organoids and Commercialization",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104706",signatures:"Anubhab Mukherjee, Aprajita Sinha, Maheshree Maibam, Bharti Bisht and Manash K. Paul",slug:"organoids-and-commercialization",totalDownloads:26,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Organoids",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11430.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81412",title:"Mathematical Morphology and the Heart Signals",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104113",signatures:"Taouli Sidi Ahmed",slug:"mathematical-morphology-and-the-heart-signals",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81360",title:"Deep Learning Algorithms for Efficient Analysis of ECG Signals to Detect Heart Disorders",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103075",signatures:"Sumagna Dey, Rohan Pal and Saptarshi Biswas",slug:"deep-learning-algorithms-for-efficient-analysis-of-ecg-signals-to-detect-heart-disorders",totalDownloads:29,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81294",title:"Applications of Neural Organoids in Neurodevelopment and Regenerative Medicine",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104044",signatures:"Jing Gong, Jiahui Kang, Minghui Li, Xiao Liu, Jun Yang and Haiwei Xu",slug:"applications-of-neural-organoids-in-neurodevelopment-and-regenerative-medicine",totalDownloads:23,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Organoids",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11430.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81318",title:"Retinal Organoids over the Decade",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104258",signatures:"Jing Yuan and Zi-Bing Jin",slug:"retinal-organoids-over-the-decade",totalDownloads:37,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Organoids",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11430.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81068",title:"Characteristic Profiles of Heart Rate Variability in Depression and Anxiety",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104205",signatures:"Toshikazu Shinba",slug:"characteristic-profiles-of-heart-rate-variability-in-depression-and-anxiety",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80691",title:"Applications of Quantum Mechanics, Laws of Classical Physics, and Differential Calculus to Evaluate Source Localization According to the Electroencephalogram",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102831",signatures:"Kristin S. Williams",slug:"applications-of-quantum-mechanics-laws-of-classical-physics-and-differential-calculus-to-evaluate-so",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",value:7,count:13,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[],publicationYearFilters:[],authors:{paginationCount:120,paginationItems:[{id:"169608",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Găiceanu",slug:"marian-gaiceanu",fullName:"Marian Găiceanu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169608/images/system/169608.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Marian Gaiceanu graduated from the Naval and Electrical Engineering Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania, in 1997. He received a Ph.D. (Magna Cum Laude) in Electrical Engineering in 2002. Since 2017, Dr. Gaiceanu has been a Ph.D. supervisor for students in Electrical Engineering. He has been employed at Dunarea de Jos University of Galati since 1996, where he is currently a professor. Dr. Gaiceanu is a member of the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, an expert of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Funding, and a member of the Senate of the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. He has been the head of the Integrated Energy Conversion Systems and Advanced Control of Complex Processes Research Center, Romania, since 2016. He has conducted several projects in power converter systems for electrical drives, power quality, PEM and SOFC fuel cell power converters for utilities, electric vehicles, and marine applications with the Department of Regulation and Control, SIEI S.pA. (2002–2004) and the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy (2002–2004, 2006–2007). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and cofounder-member of the IEEE Power Electronics Romanian Chapter. He is a guest editor at Energies and an academic book editor for IntechOpen. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science and Sustainability. Dr. Gaiceanu has been General Chairman of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the last six editions.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",biography:"Jaydip Sen is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Data Science. His research areas include security and privacy issues in computing and communication, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in the financial domain. He has more than 200 publications in reputed international journals, refereed conference proceedings, and 20 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Springer, CRC press, IGI Global, etc. Currently, he is serving on the editorial board of the prestigious journal Frontiers in Communications and Networks and in the technical program committees of a number of high-ranked international conferences organized by the IEEE, USA, and the ACM, USA. He has been listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world for the last three consecutive years, 2019 to 2021 as per studies conducted by the Stanford University, USA.",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null},{id:"320071",title:"Dr.",name:"Sidra",middleName:null,surname:"Mehtab",slug:"sidra-mehtab",fullName:"Sidra Mehtab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002v6KHoQAM/Profile_Picture_1584512086360",biography:"Sidra Mehtab has completed her BS with honors in Physics from Calcutta University, India in 2018. She has done MS in Data Science and Analytics from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Kolkata, India in 2020. Her research areas include Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer and Network Security with a particular focus on Cyber Security Analytics. Ms. Mehtab has published seven papers in international conferences and one of her papers has been accepted for publication in a reputable international journal. She has won the best paper awards in two prestigious international conferences – BAICONF 2019, and ICADCML 2021, organized in the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India in December 2019, and SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2021. Besides, Ms. Mehtab has also published two book chapters in two books. Seven of her book chapters will be published in a volume shortly in 2021 by Cambridge Scholars’ Press, UK. Currently, she is working as the joint editor of two edited volumes on Time Series Analysis and Forecasting to be published in the first half of 2021 by an international house. Currently, she is working as a Data Scientist with an MNC in Delhi, India.",institutionString:"NSHM College of Management and Technology",institution:null},{id:"226240",title:"Dr.",name:"Andri Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Rifai",slug:"andri-irfan-rifai",fullName:"Andri Irfan Rifai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226240/images/7412_n.jpg",biography:"Andri IRFAN is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering and Planning. He completed the PhD at the Universitas Indonesia & Universidade do Minho with Sandwich Program Scholarship from the Directorate General of Higher Education and LPDP scholarship. He has been teaching for more than 19 years and much active to applied his knowledge in the project construction in Indonesia. His research interest ranges from pavement management system to advanced data mining techniques for transportation engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in journals and 2 books.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universitas Internasional Batam",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"314576",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibai",middleName:null,surname:"Laña",slug:"ibai-lana",fullName:"Ibai Laña",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314576/images/system/314576.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ibai Laña works at TECNALIA as a data analyst. He received his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain, in 2018. He is currently a senior researcher at TECNALIA. His research interests fall within the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, machine learning, traffic data analysis, and data science. He has dealt with urban traffic forecasting problems, applying machine learning models and evolutionary algorithms. He has experience in origin-destination matrix estimation or point of interest and trajectory detection. Working with large volumes of data has given him a good command of big data processing tools and NoSQL databases. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"314575",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"L. Lobo",slug:"jesus-l.-lobo",fullName:"Jesus L. Lobo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314575/images/system/314575.png",biography:"Dr. Jesús López is currently based in Bilbao (Spain) working at TECNALIA as Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist. In most cases, a project idea or a new research line needs to be investigated to see if it is good enough to take into production or to focus on it. That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. Currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied Science, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. She taught so many courses of Mathematics of UG and PG level. Her research Area of Expertise is Functional Analysis & Sequence Spaces. She has been working on Ideal Convergence of double sequence. She has published 17 research papers in National and International Journals including Cogent Mathematics, Filomat, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Advances in Difference Equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Journal of Mathematical & Computer Science etc. She has also reviewed few research papers for the and international journals. She is a member of Indian Mathematical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"302698",title:"Dr.",name:"Yao",middleName:null,surname:"Shan",slug:"yao-shan",fullName:"Yao Shan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Dalian University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"125911",title:"Prof.",name:"Jia-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"jia-ching-wang",fullName:"Jia-Ching Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Central University",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"357085",title:"Mr.",name:"P. Mohan",middleName:null,surname:"Anand",slug:"p.-mohan-anand",fullName:"P. Mohan Anand",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356696",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"P.V.",middleName:null,surname:"Sai Charan",slug:"p.v.-sai-charan",fullName:"P.V. Sai Charan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"357086",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandeep K.",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",slug:"sandeep-k.-shukla",fullName:"Sandeep K. Shukla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356823",title:"MSc.",name:"Seonghee",middleName:null,surname:"Min",slug:"seonghee-min",fullName:"Seonghee Min",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu University",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"353307",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoosoo",middleName:null,surname:"Oh",slug:"yoosoo-oh",fullName:"Yoosoo Oh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:"Yoosoo Oh received his Bachelor's degree in the Department of Electronics and Engineering from Kyungpook National University in 2002. He obtained his Master’s degree in the Department of Information and Communications from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) in 2003. In 2010, he received his Ph.D. degree in the School of Information and Mechatronics from GIST. In the meantime, he was an executed team leader at Culture Technology Institute, GIST, 2010-2012. In 2011, he worked at Lancaster University, the UK as a visiting scholar. In September 2012, he joined Daegu University, where he is currently an associate professor in the School of ICT Conver, Daegu University. Also, he served as the Board of Directors of KSIIS since 2019, and HCI Korea since 2016. From 2017~2019, he worked as a center director of the Mixed Reality Convergence Research Center at Daegu University. From 2015-2017, He worked as a director in the Enterprise Supporting Office of LINC Project Group, Daegu University. His research interests include Activity Fusion & Reasoning, Machine Learning, Context-aware Middleware, Human-Computer Interaction, etc.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"262719",title:"Dr.",name:"Esma",middleName:null,surname:"Ergüner Özkoç",slug:"esma-erguner-ozkoc",fullName:"Esma Ergüner Özkoç",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Başkent University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"419199",title:"Dr.",name:"Qun",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"qun-yang",fullName:"Qun Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Auckland",country:{name:"New Zealand"}}},{id:"351158",title:"Prof.",name:"David W.",middleName:null,surname:"Anderson",slug:"david-w.-anderson",fullName:"David W. Anderson",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Calgary",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"351159",title:"BSc.",name:"Kalum J.",middleName:null,surname:"Ost",slug:"kalum-j.-ost",fullName:"Kalum J. Ost",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Calgary",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"325029",title:"Dr.",name:"Prem Chand",middleName:null,surname:"Jain",slug:"prem-chand-jain",fullName:"Prem Chand Jain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Shiv Nadar University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"357275",title:"Dr.",name:"Thomas",middleName:null,surname:"Mih",slug:"thomas-mih",fullName:"Thomas Mih",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Buea",country:{name:"Cameroon"}}},{id:"305305",title:"Dr.",name:"Arturo Yosimar",middleName:null,surname:"Jaen-Cuellar",slug:"arturo-yosimar-jaen-cuellar",fullName:"Arturo Yosimar Jaen-Cuellar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"305315",title:"Dr.",name:"David Alejandro",middleName:null,surname:"Elvira-Ortiz",slug:"david-alejandro-elvira-ortiz",fullName:"David Alejandro Elvira-Ortiz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"344374",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Toledano-Ayala",slug:"manuel-toledano-ayala",fullName:"Manuel Toledano-Ayala",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"11",type:"subseries",title:"Cell Physiology",keywords:"Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disease, Free Radicals, Tumor Metastasis, Antioxidants, Essential Fatty Acids, Melatonin, Lipid Peroxidation Products and Aging Physiology",scope:"\r\n\tThe integration of tissues and organs throughout the mammalian body, as well as the expression, structure, and function of molecular and cellular components, is essential for modern physiology. The following concerns will be addressed in this Cell Physiology subject, which will consider all organ systems (e.g., brain, heart, lung, liver; gut, kidney, eye) and their interactions: (1) Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disease (2) Free Radicals (3) Tumor Metastasis (4) Antioxidants (5) Essential Fatty Acids (6) Melatonin and (7) Lipid Peroxidation Products and Aging Physiology.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/11.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11407,editor:{id:"133493",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/133493/images/3091_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Angel Catalá \r\nShort Biography Angel Catalá was born in Rodeo (San Juan, Argentina). He studied \r\nchemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, where received aPh.D. degree in chemistry (Biological Branch) in 1965. From\r\n1964 to 1974, he worked as Assistant in Biochemistry at the School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. From 1974 to 1976, he was a Fellowof the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the University of Connecticut, Health Center, USA. From 1985 to 2004, he served as a Full Professor oBiochemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. He is Member ofthe National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina, and Argentine Society foBiochemistry and Molecular Biology (SAIB). His laboratory has been interested for manyears in the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes from various tissues and different species. Professor Catalá has directed twelve doctoral theses, publishedover 100 papers in peer reviewed journals, several chapters in books andtwelve edited books. Angel Catalá received awards at the 40th InternationaConference Biochemistry of Lipids 1999: Dijon (France). W inner of the Bimbo PanAmerican Nutrition, Food Science and Technology Award 2006 and 2012, South AmericaHuman Nutrition, Professional Category. 2006 award in pharmacology, Bernardo\r\nHoussay, in recognition of his meritorious works of research. Angel Catalá belongto the Editorial Board of Journal of lipids, International Review of Biophysical ChemistryFrontiers in Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, World Journal oExperimental Medicine and Biochemistry Research International, W orld Journal oBiological Chemistry, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Diabetes and thePancreas, International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy, International Journal oNutrition, Co-Editor of The Open Biology Journal.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"10",title:"Physiology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",issn:"2631-8261"},editorialBoard:[{id:"186048",title:"Prof.",name:"Ines",middleName:null,surname:"Drenjančević",slug:"ines-drenjancevic",fullName:"Ines Drenjančević",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186048/images/5818_n.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Osijek",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"187859",title:"Prof.",name:"Kusal",middleName:"K.",surname:"Das",slug:"kusal-das",fullName:"Kusal Das",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBDeQAO/Profile_Picture_1623411145568",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University), India",institution:null},{id:"79615",title:"Dr.",name:"Robson",middleName:null,surname:"Faria",slug:"robson-faria",fullName:"Robson Faria",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/79615/images/system/79615.png",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"84459",title:"Prof.",name:"Valerie",middleName:null,surname:"Chappe",slug:"valerie-chappe",fullName:"Valerie Chappe",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/84459/images/system/84459.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Dalhousie University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:7,paginationItems:[{id:"79909",title:"Cryopreservation Methods and Frontiers in the Art of Freezing Life in Animal Models",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101750",signatures:"Feda S. Aljaser",slug:"cryopreservation-methods-and-frontiers-in-the-art-of-freezing-life-in-animal-models",totalDownloads:159,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Animal Reproduction",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",subseries:{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology"}}},{id:"79782",title:"Avian Reproduction",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101185",signatures:"Kingsley Omogiade Idahor",slug:"avian-reproduction",totalDownloads:148,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Kingsley O.",surname:"Idahor"}],book:{title:"Animal Reproduction",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",subseries:{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology"}}},{id:"78802",title:"Intraovarian Gestation in Viviparous Teleosts: Unique Type of Gestation among Vertebrates",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100267",signatures:"Mari-Carmen Uribe, Gabino De la Rosa-Cruz, Adriana García-Alarcón and Juan Carlos Campuzano-Caballero",slug:"intraovarian-gestation-in-viviparous-teleosts-unique-type-of-gestation-among-vertebrates",totalDownloads:182,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Animal Reproduction",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",subseries:{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology"}}},{id:"78617",title:"Doppler Ultrasound in the Reproduction of Mares",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98951",signatures:"Camila Silva Costa Ferreira and Rita de Cássia Lima Morais",slug:"doppler-ultrasound-in-the-reproduction-of-mares",totalDownloads:121,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Animal Reproduction",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",subseries:{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology"}}},{id:"78202",title:"Stimulatory Effects of Androgens on Eel Primary Ovarian Development - from Phenotypes to Genotypes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99582",signatures:"Yung-Sen Huang and Chung-Yen Lin",slug:"stimulatory-effects-of-androgens-on-eel-primary-ovarian-development-from-phenotypes-to-genotypes",totalDownloads:138,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Animal Reproduction",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",subseries:{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology"}}},{id:"78116",title:"Embryo Transfer",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99683",signatures:"Ștefan Gregore Ciornei",slug:"embryo-transfer",totalDownloads:251,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,authors:null,book:{title:"Animal Reproduction",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",subseries:{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology"}}},{id:"78077",title:"Cryopreservation and Its Application in Aquaculture",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99629",signatures:"Judith Betsy C, Siva C and Stephen Sampath Kumar J",slug:"cryopreservation-and-its-application-in-aquaculture",totalDownloads:121,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Animal Reproduction",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",subseries:{id:"28",title:"Animal Reproductive Biology and Technology"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"8545",title:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8545.jpg",slug:"animal-reproduction-in-veterinary-medicine",publishedDate:"January 20th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Faruk Aral, Rita Payan-Carreira and Miguel Quaresma",hash:"13aaddf5fdbbc78387e77a7da2388bf6",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",editors:[{id:"25600",title:"Prof.",name:"Faruk",middleName:null,surname:"Aral",slug:"faruk-aral",fullName:"Faruk Aral",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/25600/images/system/25600.jpg",institutionString:"Independent Researcher",institution:{name:"Harran University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8460",title:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8460.jpg",slug:"reproductive-biology-and-technology-in-animals",publishedDate:"April 15th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi and Katy Satué Ambrojo",hash:"32ef5fe73998dd723d308225d756fa1e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals",editors:[{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/251314/images/system/251314.jpeg",institutionString:"Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Spain",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7233",title:"New Insights into Theriogenology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7233.jpg",slug:"new-insights-into-theriogenology",publishedDate:"December 5th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rita Payan-Carreira",hash:"74f4147e3fb214dd050e5edd3aaf53bc",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"New Insights into Theriogenology",editors:[{id:"38652",title:"Dr.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.jpg",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:86,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:96,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:283,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:138,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:128,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:105,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:100,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence",scope:"This field is the key in the current industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), where the new models and developments are based on the knowledge generation on applied intelligence. The motor of the society is the industry and the research of this topic has to be empowered in order to increase and improve the quality of our lives.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/22.jpg",keywords:"Machine Learning, Intelligence Algorithms, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Applications on Applied Intelligence"},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",scope:"Computational neuroscience focuses on biologically realistic abstractions and models validated and solved through computational simulations to understand principles for the development, structure, physiology, and ability of the nervous system. This topic is dedicated to biologically plausible descriptions and computational models - at various abstraction levels - of neurons and neural systems. This includes, but is not limited to: single-neuron modeling, sensory processing, motor control, memory, and synaptic plasticity, attention, identification, categorization, discrimination, learning, development, axonal patterning, guidance, neural architecture, behaviors, and dynamics of networks, cognition and the neuroscientific basis of consciousness. Particularly interesting are models of various types of more compound functions and abilities, various and more general fundamental principles (e.g., regarding architecture, organization, learning, development, etc.) found at various spatial and temporal levels.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",keywords:"Single-Neuron Modeling, Sensory Processing, Motor Control, Memory and Synaptic Pasticity, Attention, Identification, Categorization, Discrimination, Learning, Development, Axonal Patterning and Guidance, Neural Architecture, Behaviours and Dynamics of Networks, Cognition and the Neuroscientific Basis of Consciousness"},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",scope:"The scope of this topic is to disseminate the recent advances in the rapidly growing field of computer vision from both the theoretical and practical points of view. Novel computational algorithms for image analysis, scene understanding, biometrics, deep learning and their software or hardware implementations for natural and medical images, robotics, VR/AR, applications are some research directions relevant to this topic.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",keywords:"Image Analysis, Scene Understanding, Biometrics, Deep Learning, Software Implementation, Hardware Implementation, Natural Images, Medical Images, Robotics, VR/AR"},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",scope:"Evolutionary computing is a paradigm that has grown dramatically in recent years. This group of bio-inspired metaheuristics solves multiple optimization problems by applying the metaphor of natural selection. It so far has solved problems such as resource allocation, routing, schedule planning, and engineering design. Moreover, in the field of machine learning, evolutionary computation has carved out a significant niche both in the generation of learning models and in the automatic design and optimization of hyperparameters in deep learning models. This collection aims to include quality volumes on various topics related to evolutionary algorithms and, alternatively, other metaheuristics of interest inspired by nature. For example, some of the issues of interest could be the following: Advances in evolutionary computation (Genetic algorithms, Genetic programming, Bio-inspired metaheuristics, Hybrid metaheuristics, Parallel ECs); Applications of evolutionary algorithms (Machine learning and Data Mining with EAs, Search-Based Software Engineering, Scheduling, and Planning Applications, Smart Transport Applications, Applications to Games, Image Analysis, Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition, Applications to Sustainability).",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",keywords:"Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming, Evolutionary Programming, Evolution Strategies, Hybrid Algorithms, Bioinspired Metaheuristics, Ant Colony Optimization, Evolutionary Learning, Hyperparameter Optimization"},{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",scope:"The scope of machine learning and data mining is immense and is growing every day. It has become a massive part of our daily lives, making predictions based on experience, making this a fascinating area that solves problems that otherwise would not be possible or easy to solve. This topic aims to encompass algorithms that learn from experience (supervised and unsupervised), improve their performance over time and enable machines to make data-driven decisions. It is not limited to any particular applications, but contributions are encouraged from all disciplines.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/26.jpg",keywords:"Intelligent Systems, Machine Learning, Data Science, Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence"},{id:"27",title:"Multi-Agent Systems",scope:"Multi-agent systems are recognised as a state of the art field in Artificial Intelligence studies, which is popular due to the usefulness in facilitation capabilities to handle real-world problem-solving in a distributed fashion. The area covers many techniques that offer solutions to emerging problems in robotics and enterprise-level software systems. Collaborative intelligence is highly and effectively achieved with multi-agent systems. Areas of application include swarms of robots, flocks of UAVs, collaborative software management. Given the level of technological enhancements, the popularity of machine learning in use has opened a new chapter in multi-agent studies alongside the practical challenges and long-lasting collaboration issues in the field. It has increased the urgency and the need for further studies in this field. We welcome chapters presenting research on the many applications of multi-agent studies including, but not limited to, the following key areas: machine learning for multi-agent systems; modeling swarms robots and flocks of UAVs with multi-agent systems; decision science and multi-agent systems; software engineering for and with multi-agent systems; tools and technologies of multi-agent systems.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/27.jpg",keywords:"Collaborative Intelligence, Learning, Distributed Control System, Swarm Robotics, Decision Science, Software Engineering"}],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:{title:"Artificial Intelligence",id:"14"},selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",issn:"2631-5343",scope:"Biomedical Engineering is one of the fastest-growing interdisciplinary branches of science and industry. The combination of electronics and computer science with biology and medicine has improved patient diagnosis, reduced rehabilitation time, and helped to facilitate a better quality of life. Nowadays, all medical imaging devices, medical instruments, or new laboratory techniques result from the cooperation of specialists in various fields. The series of Biomedical Engineering books covers such areas of knowledge as chemistry, physics, electronics, medicine, and biology. This series is intended for doctors, engineers, and scientists involved in biomedical engineering or those wanting to start working in this field.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/7.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 7th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfPublishedChapters:96,numberOfPublishedBooks:12,editor:{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",biography:"Robert Koprowski, MD (1997), PhD (2003), Habilitation (2015), is an employee of the University of Silesia, Poland, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems. For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},subseries:[{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",keywords:"Biomedical Data, Drug Discovery, Clinical Diagnostics, Decoding Human Genome, AI in Personalized Medicine, Disease-prevention Strategies, Big Data Analysis in Medicine",scope:"Bioinformatics aims to help understand the functioning of the mechanisms of living organisms through the construction and use of quantitative tools. The applications of this research cover many related fields, such as biotechnology and medicine, where, for example, Bioinformatics contributes to faster drug design, DNA analysis in forensics, and DNA sequence analysis in the field of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is a type of medical care in which treatment is customized individually for each patient. Personalized medicine enables more effective therapy, reduces the costs of therapy and clinical trials, and also minimizes the risk of side effects. Nevertheless, advances in personalized medicine would not have been possible without bioinformatics, which can analyze the human genome and other vast amounts of biomedical data, especially in genetics. The rapid growth of information technology enabled the development of new tools to decode human genomes, large-scale studies of genetic variations and medical informatics. The considerable development of technology, including the computing power of computers, is also conducive to the development of bioinformatics, including personalized medicine. In an era of rapidly growing data volumes and ever lower costs of generating, storing and computing data, personalized medicine holds great promises. Modern computational methods used as bioinformatics tools can integrate multi-scale, multi-modal and longitudinal patient data to create even more effective and safer therapy and disease prevention methods. Main aspects of the topic are: Applying bioinformatics in drug discovery and development; Bioinformatics in clinical diagnostics (genetic variants that act as markers for a condition or a disease); Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in personalized medicine; Customize disease-prevention strategies in personalized medicine; Big data analysis in personalized medicine; Translating stratification algorithms into clinical practice of personalized medicine.",annualVolume:11403,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/7.jpg",editor:{id:"351533",title:"Dr.",name:"Slawomir",middleName:null,surname:"Wilczynski",fullName:"Slawomir Wilczynski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035U1loQAC/Profile_Picture_1630074514792",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Medical University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"5886",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandros",middleName:"T.",surname:"Tzallas",fullName:"Alexandros Tzallas",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/5886/images/system/5886.png",institutionString:"University of Ioannina, Greece & Imperial College London",institution:{name:"University of Ioannina",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},{id:"257388",title:"Distinguished Prof.",name:"Lulu",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Lulu Wang",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRX6kQAG/Profile_Picture_1630329584194",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Shenzhen Technology University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",fullName:"Reda Gharieb",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/225387/images/system/225387.jpg",institutionString:"Assiut University",institution:{name:"Assiut University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]},{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',annualVolume:11404,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Uberlândia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"49517",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunashima",fullName:"Hitoshi Tsunashima",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTP4QAO/Profile_Picture_1625819726528",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nihon University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"425354",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcus",middleName:"Fraga",surname:"Vieira",fullName:"Marcus Vieira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003BJSgIQAX/Profile_Picture_1627904687309",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Goiás",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"196746",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramana",middleName:null,surname:"Vinjamuri",fullName:"Ramana Vinjamuri",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196746/images/system/196746.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institution:{name:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",annualVolume:11405,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"35539",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Cristea",fullName:"Cecilia Cristea",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYQ65QAG/Profile_Picture_1621007741527",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"40735",title:"Dr.",name:"Gil",middleName:"Alberto Batista",surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Gil Gonçalves",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYRLGQA4/Profile_Picture_1628492612759",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"211725",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Johann F.",middleName:null,surname:"Osma",fullName:"Johann F. Osma",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDv7QAG/Profile_Picture_1626602531691",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad de Los Andes",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Colombia"}}},{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",middleName:null,surname:"Valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/69697/images/system/69697.jpg",institutionString:"Religen Inc. | A Life Science Company, United States of America",institution:null},{id:"205081",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:"Vinícius",surname:"Chaud",fullName:"Marco Chaud",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDGeQAO/Profile_Picture_1622624307737",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade de Sorocaba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/58635",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"58635"},fullPath:"/profiles/58635",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()