Anwar Khedr

By Nitesh Kumar Jain, Anwar Khedr, Hisham Ahmed Mushtaq, Brian Bartlett, April Lanz, Greta Zoesch, Stephanie Welle, Sumeet Yadav, Thoyaja Koritala, Shikha Jain, Aysun Tekin, Ramesh Adhikari, Aishwarya Reddy Korsapati, Mool Chand, Vishwanath Pattan, Vikas Bansal, Ali Rabaan, Amos Lal, Hasnain Saifee Bawaadam, Aman Sethi, Lavanya Dondapati, Raghavendra Tirupathi, Mack Sheraton, Maureen Muigai, David Rokser, Chetna Dengri, Kovid Trivedi, Samir Chandra Gautam, Simon Zec, Ibtisam Rauf, Mantravadi Srinivasa Chandramouli, Rahul Kashyap and Syed Anjum Khan

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) commonly co-exist. Pathophysiological mechanisms causing IPF are still not well understood, and GERD has been implicated in both as a probable causative and disease-promoting entity. Although not conclusively proven, this relationship has been the subject of several studies, including therapeutic interventions aimed at treating GERD and its resultant effect on IPF and related outcomes. Our review aims to present the current concepts and understanding of these two disease processes, which are multifaceted. Their complex interaction includes epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, review of research studies conducted to date, and future directions for research.

Part of the book: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

By Nitesh Kumar Jain, Shikha Jain, Hisham Ahmed Mushtaq, Anwar Khedr, Thoyaja Koritala, Aysun Tekin, Ramesh Adhikari, Anupam Sule, Samir Gautam, Vishwanath Pattan, Vikas Bansal, Ali Rabaan, Kovid Trivedi, Amos Lal, Brian Bartlett, Abbas Jama, Aishwarya Reddy Korsapati, Mohamed Hassan, Simon Zec, Adham Mohsen, Amit Munshi Sharma, Ibtisam Rauf, Mikael Mir, Lia Nandi, Mool Chand, Hariprasad Reddy Korsapati, Rahul Kashyap, Salim Surani and Syed Anjum Khan

Episodes of Acute exacerbation (AE) of Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are important events in the disease trajectory of IPF, associated with punctuated decline in lung function with significant mortality and morbidity associated with it. These episodes are idiosyncratic, and often unpredictable and may have triggers. Our diagnostic criteria for these events, etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors and management continue to evolve over the years, with limited availability of qualitative research data to help guide management. Outcome in general is poor with no well-defined therapy but prevention may be possible with use of Nintedanib. Our chapter aims to explore the contemporary knowledge of the key aspects of this disease entity.

Part of the book: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis