The brain organoid technology emerged a little over a decade ago. During this short time span, the handling approach has seen tremendous advancements in order to solve current obstacles and enable the development of new applications. Using these methodologies, the fundamental characteristics of the majority of the brain regions may be mimicked in organoids; however, the existing brain organoids cannot be regarded an exact replica of the human brain or its anatomical regions. This chapter will present some of the biological phenomena on which the brain organoid technology relies. Following this, a summary of the gross common structure and timeline of the brain organoid protocols along with their main components and strategies for their improvement is included. A special selection of protocols for each major brain region will be presented with their origin, rationale, and key specifics. Finally, some of the daunting challenges to brain organoid technology will be highlighted.
Part of the book: Organoid Bioengineering