Chapters authored
Effect of the Mass Distribution of ITNs in an Endemic Area with a High Entomological Index, the Case of Bandundu-City, Kwilu, DRC
The bio-efficacy of Yorkol-branded ITNs collected from Bandundu-city was assessed on the Kisumu strain and wild specimens of Anopheles gambiae. The susceptibility of the wild An. gambiae s.l. was tested to select insecticides. Adult An. gambiae s.l. sampled by PSC and HLC were screened for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum. Blood samples were diagnosed by microscopy and RDTs. ITN distributed in Bandundu-city were fully effective on the Kisumu strain, but on wild An. gambiae s.l. population (22.3 ± 11.5%). Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the main vector in Bandundu. No significant difference was observed between the entomological indices before and after the deployment of nets (OR = 0.8; p = 0.39). Wild An. gambiae s.l. populations were resistant to pyrethroids and DDT, with the restoration of the susceptibility to pyrethroids post pre-exposure to PBO. Plasmodium falciparum was the main parasite species and was found alone or mixed with. P. malariae or P. ovale. The confirmation rates by microscopy and RDT were respectively 57.9% and 53.6%. Nets deployed in Bandundu-city were not effective on wild An. gambiae s.l. populations. This operational failure is likely explained by the observed resistance to pyrethroids. In the future only PBO-net should be deployed Bandundu-city.
Part of the book: Mosquito Research
Complexity of Vector Control and Entomological Surveillance in Endemic Sentinel Sites of the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
In order to represent the different epidemiological facies that abound in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), new sentinel sites were created. Before their operationalization, baseline evaluations of the bionomics and the insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors were conducted. Using Human Landing Catches (HLCs) and Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSCs), sampled Anopheles gambiae s.l. were screened for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum. Larval surveys were organized to assess the sensitivity of wild An. gambiae to selected insecticides. Surveys on the community use of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs), Surveys on the community use of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs), were conducted. A total of 2238 Anopheles were collected. Including, 1802 (80.5%) by HLC and 436 (19.5%) by PSC. The majority of the samples were An. gambiae (98%) with very high average transmission entomological indices (density, Human Biting Rates (HBRs) and Entomological Inoculation Rates (EIRs)). These An. gambiae were resistant to selected insecticides at all sites. Households close to breeding sites were at high risk. Overall, ITN coverage was low (41.7%). Of these three sites, only Mweka presented a good coverage of 90%. Only Mweka presented a good coverage of 90%. The sentinel sites are located in the same epidemiological facies where the conditions for transmission of the disease and the incidence are identical. This transmission is ensured by An. gambiae with high resistance statuses vis-à-vis pyrethroids. The ecological choice is necessary for a good representation.
Part of the book: Malaria