Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa

By Yatheesh Narayana, Sandhya N.C., H.E. Dinesh, Sridhar B. Thimmaiah, Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa and Kempegowda Mantelingu

Arduengo et al., isolated the first ‘bottleable’ carbene, the first N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-di(adamantyl)imidazol-2-ylidene resulted to an explosion of experimental and theoretical studies of novel NHCs being synthesized and analyzed have huge practical significance. These compounds emerged as successful ligands for coordinating transition metals, the complexes with NHC show diverse applications in the field of catalysis and organic transformation, NHC as ligand to main group elements and their properties and applications. Here this chapter provides the concise overview of N-heterocycle carbene as an organocatalyst that provides different organic transformation on to a carbonyl group. The majority of the NHC catalyzed reactions are employed in the phenomenon of reversing the electrophilic character of carbonyl carbon to nucleophilic carbon (umpolung activity) on coordination suggests benzoin, Stetter and hydroacylation reactions. Also, non-umpolung activity of bis-electrophile α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums reaction with suitable bis-nucleophiles in the organic synthesis have been studied.

Part of the book: Carbene

By Kereyagalahally H. Narasimhamurthy, Nichhapurada Kallesha, Chakrabhavi D. Mohan and Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa

Pyridine is a heterocyclic molecule with a nitrogen atom that is often found in nature. As a prosthetic group taking part in redox processes in the biological system, it plays an important function in many enzymes of the living system. Pyridine is an important pharmacophore, a privileged scaffold, and a superior heterocyclic system in drug development, with various applications in anticancer research because of its ability to work on significant receptors. Typically, it is the core of several currently available medicines. In the fight against cancer, many pyridine derivatives have been shown to inhibit kinases, androgen receptors, tubulin polymerization, topoisomerase enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase, and several other targets. Researchers are now concentrating on developing pyridine novel entities with other moieties for cancer therapy. This section presents pyridine derivative synthesis and biological expansions, as well as their target receptor sites.

Part of the book: Cytotoxicity