Basic components of storytelling.
\\n\\n
These books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\\n\\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\\n\\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
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IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched formed a partnership to support researchers working in engineering sciences by enabling an easier approach to publishing Open Access content. Using the Knowledge Unlatched crowdfunding model to raise the publishing costs through libraries around the world, Open Access Publishing Fee (OAPF) was not required from the authors.
\n\nInitially, the partnership supported engineering research, but it soon grew to include physical and life sciences, attracting more researchers to the advantages of Open Access publishing.
\n\n\n\nThese books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\n\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\n\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
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Storytelling (ST) is a well-known tradition in human culture since people tend to tell stories for many reasons such as entertaining, transfer of knowledge between generations, maintenance of cultural heritage, warning others of dangers, etc. Telling stories with serious (non-entertainment) objectives has emerged as a new way for potential applications in different contexts (e.g., medicine or psychology) [1].
Above and beyond ST is a communication tool among human beings with a core aspect which is the emotions. “Serious” ST is an earnest narrative, a way to tell stories outside the context of entertainment. ST has different components such as narrative, perspective, interactivity, and medium.
Elements | Meaning | Instruments |
---|---|---|
Narrative | Content (story) Form (discourse) | Time-context Cause-effect Sequence |
Perspective | Subjective point of view | Cognition Emotion Encoding-decoding Meaning Memory |
Interactivity | Story features | Engagement Modification Narrative flow |
Medium | Means of communication | Mediation Channels Forms |
Basic components of storytelling.
Serious ST refers to a non-entertainment context, where stories are part of the real world. It aims to create mental models about different areas in which narrative elements such as engagement, conflict, characters, emotionality, meaning, cause-effect relations, and time and space constraints are adapted to convey experiences [1]. A narrative is a vehicle to trigger emotional and cognitive responses to achieve certain serious goals within their context of solicitation. In addition, interaction becomes a matter for decision processes, knowledge creation, communication of nonquantifiable facts, and altering narrative flow to achieve serious contextual goals. Context, course, content, and channel are the four essential components of serious ST. The context is basically the application of circumstances (e.g., medical or psychological problems); the course would be how content evolves in a cause-effect relationship as part of the application context; the content is the actual ideas contained in the narrative; and the channel is the kind of way to communicate stories [1, 2].
With respect to the context, the applications of serious ST in well-being, health, medicine, and psychology are good examples of the multiple possibilities in this field of study [3, 4]. From a scientific point of view, and following Dahlstrom et al., we prefer using the concept of “scientific storytelling” when we apply it in medical investigation [5].
The objectives of our reflection were to propose ST as a tool to offer family support in eating disorders (ED) and to describe the development of the story-based interventions targeted to families (developing communication strategies). It must be noted that ST is a way to communicate (mainly emotional narratives) but not a specific therapy for ED.
With respect to the method, due to the fact that this chapter is based on a future review, which we are developing (“storytelling and health education”), the main data of our reflection are taken from a search using PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycInfo, considering those articles mainly focused on ED and specifically on bulimia nervosa.
The effectiveness of ST as a communication tool in healthcare has been supported by evidence from several disciplines [6].
Within the healthcare context, ST might be seen as a way of assistance in learning about and managing one’s disease or a relative’s disease. ST aimed to disease management is based on the fact that each person has his or her own unique experiences living with and managing a disease; the same applies for relatives. Thus, patients and patient relatives’ stories are a relevant information source to both patients and families [7].
In this way, storytellers are patients and patients’ relatives who suffer together a disease or disorder. By identifying with the storyteller, participants can become invested in the content and be positively influenced by the self-management actions described. Telling stories, emotional stories, is a very good tool to break down cognitive resistance to messages promoting lifestyle and behavioral changes [7] or, many times, to get involved in adequate care and support. Through ST, patients increase their receptivity to the health information contained in the stories as it occurs among patients’ families.
In sum, ST is a way to motivate both patients and families [6]. In this regard, ST, as a mechanism for reduction in change resistance, is related to health outcomes [7]; it makes patients and families more inclined to follow strategies that have worked for others (and perhaps they have previously avoided) [8]; it reports mutual benefit (discovery and exploration of new information, practical management strategies and skills, opportunities for adoption of resolutions, etc.) when patients/families exchange their health-related stories [9, 10, 11].
When ST is developed in a group format, several authors have reported different benefits [12, 13, 14, 15]:
ST might establish a network of trust and equality among participants, and it would be a way of cohesion among participants.
ST tends to reduce stigma associated with diseases, and it facilitates the development of relationships among the participants.
ST can naturally facilitate peer support and enable a support network to form.
The peer support obtained by means of ST might encourage participants to examine their emotions, problem-solving skills, and goal setting and exchange social support, all of which are core self-management components within health-related contexts.
In summary, ST focuses on the patient’s perception of their unique needs and their ability to self-manage their disease and similarly occurs when ST is applied to patients’ families. Consequently, ST facilitates both patients and families to develop strategies to manage their illness and suffering, respectively [16].
Chronic diseases usually require regular contact between patients/families and therapists. In this particular way, ST could be a good approach for both patient self-management and family management. For this proposal, core principles of ST, when applied to health contexts, have been reported to be social cognitive and ecological theories of health behavior, caring and healing, and narrative-autobiographical approaches [17, 18, 19, 20]. There are two main objectives of ST in health interventions: (a) to get patients/families to reflect the illness experience and (b) to create meaning from it [20].
As Gucciardi et al. have reviewed, health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, multiple sclerosis, or psychiatric disorders are frequent diseases in which ST has been applied [20]. Sessions of ST are based on informal-spontaneous sharing of stories by means of a nondirective facilitation approach. Sessions do not consist of didactic delivery of information even though “facilitators” (doctor, nurse, dietitian, etc.) can respond to the shared stories and they can also provide information if required. In this context facilitators play a role of equality but not of experts. Finally, ST must have some elemental rules such as trust, respect, empathy, and no judgment [12, 20, 21]. Sometimes it is possible to use “peer facilitators” (e.g., patients’ relatives) previously trained as health promoters and, of course, in ST [12].
Sessions of ST applied to chronic diseases tend to be given over 5–15 weeks, with each session lasting 1–2 hours. The environment usually is an open atmosphere, thus giving everyone the opportunity to speak about their experiences. It is convenient to select topics in advance in order that participants prepare the session with the story (or stories) they want to share in the group (e.g., diagnosis experience, course of the disease, family stress linked to the therapeutic aspects, etc.) [22]. The way to share stories is diverse: verbally, by means of action-oriented activities (e.g., cooking, exercising, etc.), using pictures, writing, trough songs, poems, and readings. ST is not a mere colloquium; it is a participant-centered technique of communication where patients and families are encouraged to self-reflect on their personal experiences.
In the context of chronic diseases, ST is not a way of simple catharsis. Telling stories about illness experiences seems to be therapeutic due to its potential to facilitate learning and coping with the disease. As it was noted by Gucciardi et al., ST is a process of unearthing meaning in the lived experience of illness [20]. Telling stories triggers the reflection and understanding of oneself and the disease [23]. The process of ST starts as a single story (my story), and then stories are elaborated by group participants thus becoming a shared experience [21]. Different ages, groups, ethnicities, socioeconomic status, or gender are potential participants of ST applied to health problems. With respect to ideal number of sessions, basing on participants’ preferences and bearing in mind the complexity of the self-management of the disease are better. As it was abovementioned, the use of verbal and written formats is the main strategy along with pictures or photographs [20].
The role of narratives has grown in relevance since the 1980s due to the importance of illness experiences. It must be noted that narratives reflect the nature of the chronic disease experiences but also can be a part of it [24].
Traditionally, families are considered to play a key role in the management and treatment of ED. Families do not suffer from an ED, but they live with an ED. In this regard families’ stories are a way to create experiences, experiences linked to the emotions which usually accompany a life with an ED.
In the field of ED, families have been associated with relationship alteration within the family, problems between partners, great stress experience, problems to cope successfully, uncertainty regarding recovery progress, parental blaming, etc. [25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30]. ED, as it occurs generally in chronic diseases, might be described as a form of biographical disruption which breaks individual or family-anticipated life paths. As a consequence, narratives lose coherence and meaning and identity becomes lost. The result is a new narrative incoherence which will imply a narrative reconstruction. Stories, ST, will provide new coherences thus giving meaning to ED [31, 32].
Frank [33] considered three narrative types with respect to stories of illness: restitution, chaos, and quest. The first seems to be dominant, and, in sum, it consists of sentences such as “yesterday I was healthy, today I am sick, tomorrow I will be healthy again.” On the contrary, chaos narrative is the opposite of restitution, something like “life never will go better again.” In this case there is not a narrative coherence to explain the illness. Finally, the quest narrative implies that patients see illness as an opportunity to believe that something is to be gained from the illness experience. Telling stories such as restitution, chaos, or quest narratives has not the same results. Each one shapes experiences. Thus, restitution narratives are usually associated with the fact to pursue, be hopeful, and expect recovery. If the narrative of storytellers shapes their own experiences, the same occurs with regard to the listeners, who, in turn, would also modify their illness experiences [33, 34].
It has been established that ED affect all facets of life and they are a challenging experience for the whole family [34]. It is frequent that parental understandings of illness can remain couched in restitution. Nevertheless, when family members construct ED differently to each other, the consequence is the conflicting narratives and, finally, frustration, anger, and altered communication [34]. Considering the three narratives as suggested by Frank [33], it is possible to observe a process during the therapeutic work in ED (Figure 1).
Therapist working with ED. Adapted from Papathomas et al. [
ED are usually chronic disorders, thus being both a challenge and a source of family problems. Within the family system, a process of meaning-making will emerge which is absolutely necessary to cope with the illness. This process is guided by culturally dominant illness narratives as stated by Frank [33].
When patients with ED are the storytellers, it is possible to distinguish two very different narratives: the discourse of anorectic and bulimic patients [35, 36].
The discourse of patients with anorexia nervosa is built upon three pillars: intensification, circularity, and polarization. This discourse presents a defined reality characterized by excess, conflict, and closing [35].
Intensification leads to derealization, thus showing a distorted world with regard to its dimensions. On the one hand, it is a vehicle to express very intense feelings; on the other hand, intensification does not end up with this expressive function since it serves as a strategy to legitimate specific behaviors [35].
The amplified image of reality triggers the alarm; it expresses an obsessive fear to gain weight. Thus, body image is perceived to the limit of bearable, and this seems to justify the obsessive desire to lose weight. Maybe the discourse shows the object: the distorted image acts generating fear, thus becoming a relevant factor which maintains the disorder. The dichotomic vision of reality reinforces anorectic behaviors since that vision implies a fight between contrary parts. The result is an experience of a fragmentary world and a split-off vision with respect to the own conscience. Antithesis, paradoxes, and generally the dialectical approach keep alive and reinforce the awareness of both external and internal confrontation, and, as we have seen, once the conscience is divided between opposing parts, it is always defeated in this war of no one [35, 36].
Circularity, showed linguistically by a high degree of recurrence, creates a net of words which envelops and imprisons. As the water of a fountain reflects the image of Narcissus, anorectic discourse throws an image which locks one inside; that discourse shows a conscience turned on itself, tightly centered and closed on the conflict. From this point of view, anorectic discourse is both an expression and an instrument of the disease. At the same time, that discourse has the keys which might neutralize the disease effects. If the discourse catches and it makes the person sick, it is possible to build another different discourse to create and legitimate a healthy behavior.
Considering positive and negative elements of anorectic discourses, it would be possible to include the analysis of discourse within the whole treatment program. By means of the analysis of recordings and texts, it is possible to think over with a critical point of view about the patients’ thinking schemes. Then it would be possible to build an alternative discourse, a new healthy discourse [35].
In the case of bulimia nervosa, as a feature that defines the discourse, its openness from the thematic point of view and also some peculiarities in what refers to the global construction of the discourse should be noted. From the thematic point of view, stories usually show a universe open to others, with a central theme, which is dependent on affection and recognition of others [36].
Following the studies of Márquez [35, 36], considering bulimia nervosa, perhaps the most outstanding feature, along with the fragmentary character of the discourse, is the polyphony: voices of the same person or of the others, real or imagined, that give life to the story, make it rich and complex, and, at all events, show a consciousness inhabited by others, confused with them.
In the syntactic plane, the global organization of the discourse is defined by its scattered character: broken syntax with unfinished structures, suspended utterances, and sudden alterations in rhythm show a specific type of thought which is built on impulses.
Verbalization of experiences, reflection, and reconstruction of memories are emerging to consciousness in a choppy way, in various attempts that are not usually alternatives to saying the same thing (or different ways of approaching a fact), since the first tend to be unsuccessful. Stories are characterized by impulsivity, ruptures, advances, and setbacks, which, in short, express precipitation, lack of a necessary prior time for reflection and planning, lack of containment, and difficulties in adjusting to limits.
Intensification presents facts and sensations as endowed with an extreme force; as a result, reality is constructed with such intensity that it is uncontainable within its natural channels. Thus considered, this resource serves as legitimization of the illness behaviors. Vocalic lengthening and sudden changes in the language rhythm, as well as precipitation and slowing down, also show the presence of emotions that overflow the consciousness, sensations, and affects that are difficult to conduct and finally become not contained.
In short, a broken speech seems to reflect the lack of a coherent internal organizing center, a broken voice, a word that has its justification and its center abroad, as an echo [36].
From a dialogical view of change, it is possible to consider change and resistance to change. Resistance to change derives from the slavery of repeating, which traps the dialogical self. The tension between change (liberty of reborn) and resistance to change (self-determination to repetition) can be also represented as voices discussing and contrasting in the context of a personal arena, in the dynamic of a dialog between parts [37].
It is usual to work with families when an ED patient begins his/her process of treatment. There are two facts which we can observe at this point. Firstly, families tend to express that they never imagined a son or daughter with an ED. Second, it is frequent that families talk about their “fault.” Novelty and fault build a recurrent question: Why?
It has been said that healthy relationships are like the tides: they ebb and flow, especially when it comes to verbal interaction. Ebbing and flowing give as a result a balance. But when a family member suffers from an ED, this balance is very hard to maintain. When this occurs, the patient becomes quite self-centered, self-absorbed. Now, relationships as well as dialogs need to be rebalanced. Once an ED affects a family member, many times siblings are victims of that ED since parents focus much more of their time, thoughts, and energy on that affected member. Verbal interactions and relationships are strongly modified. From the point of view of siblings, the patient gets all the love, all the attention, while other members get ignored and overlooked. In order to attract parents’ attention, siblings may start some unhealthy behaviors such as rebelling, acting out, etc. [38].
ED often is an enemy of healthy relationships. As an ED develops and progresses, it often takes the place of wholesome relationships that may have once existed in one’s life. Typically, as the ED roots within a person, relationships with family members, friends, partners, etc. become strained and gradually altered [39].
Altered relationships within the family tend to create a different discourse. The coherent healthy discourse becomes a broken discourse stained by feelings of doubt, guiltiness, and many times lack of hope. This way a new story emerges. Patients, siblings, parents, partners, etc. have their new particular stories to tell or, sometimes, shut up. During the therapeutic process of ED, there are very different elements that parents refer to as having a great impact on their lives. Examples of these elements would be family unification or disintegration, inability to cope with the disease, inconsiderate comments from significant others, social isolation, and financial impacts, among others. The chronicity of ED causes stress for the family as a unit, by affecting the family’s coping mechanisms and the family’s relationships with significant others leading to isolation of the family unit [28].
Isolated parents give few insights into the ED experience across the whole family unit. Illness experiences may be analyzed through thematic analyses. Although these content-driven approaches can be useful, they offer scarce for the social construction of the ED experience. Specifically, how personal interpretations of illness are shaped through social and cultural narrative auspices is rarely addressed. It is in this regard how ST would be an appropriate tool to understanding illness. The role of narratives, the role of telling stories, would lead to the deepest personal illness experiences. Narrative therapy for ED is well known since the 1980s. By means of telling stories, therapists work with patients, who create a sort of “anti-anorexia” and “anti-bulimia” stories. These stories aim to depict a separation between the person and the disorder, thus setting up space for patients (and families) to re-envision their relationship with their ED. Patients will create a new personal story “without the ED.”
Along with bulimia nervosa, it has been reported that 61.5% of youth with this ED could be considered to have one or more comorbid disorders (especially mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders) [40]. In this particular way, ST might be applied not only in the case of bulimia nervosa but also when comorbidities are present. Thus, using narrative therapy in a group of women with long-course ED with comorbid depression, a reduction in both ED and levels of depression was obtained. It seems necessary to work with different facets: (a) externalize the ED, thus creating distance between herself (patient) and the disorder; (b) explore the person’s ED, in which values belong to the patient and which belong to the ED; and (c) develop an alternative story to support the client’s sense of self (not just with respect to eating but in other areas of her life); it is not the same “to be” a bulimic patient than “to suffer from bulimia nervosa” [41].
ST is a way of communication, a way to change the discourse, thus contributing to change our mind. Many patients usually say “I can’t start again” and “it is impossible to change.” But if the patient does not change, the result is the permanence. The same applies to families. Between change and permanence emerges the conflict, and the discourses serve the conflict becoming broken, incoherent. Stories may be based on change and on no change. The consequent discourse is a speech aimed to express the deep desire of change or, on the contrary, the conviction to permanence, the change being impossible. As Marquez stated [35, 36], change vs. non-change is something like an inner dialog between voices, but not only “inner” since external components appear (family, partner, friends, etc.). As stated by Salvini et al. [37], the dialog between voices implies that when one party speaks, the other party is required to be silent. This way, it is common that a dominant discourse emerges (interactional dominance), the dialog being asymmetrical. Therapists must consider this phenomenon because the more symmetrical the dialog is, the more opportunity it provides for mutual influence; the more asymmetrical it is, the more it constrains the exchange of views and experiences. When symptoms are the core part of the discourse and this discourse becomes dominant, patients and families are imprisoned. Following the analysis of Márquez [36], in bulimia nervosa stories are characterized by impulsivity, ruptures, advances, and setbacks, which, in short, express precipitation, lack of a necessary prior time for reflection and planning, lack of containment, and difficulties in adjusting to limits. This style usually leads to a chaos narrative [33].
Based on the study of Hermans et al. [42], Salvini et al. [37] considered the trend toward discursive change during the therapeutic process according to the following four dimensions: (a) interactional dominance, (b) topic dominance, (c) amount of talk, and (d) strategic movements. In a process of scientific ST, it is relevant to analyze linguistic variations probably linked to a transition from a dysfunctional narrative to a new more coherent one. Among a group of bulimic patients (here bulimic storytellers), one of them could be dominant, and the dialog starts being very asymmetrical. With respect to the topics, diets, body image, emotional instability, binge episodes, purging, and other altered behaviors (e.g., self-injuries) are usually highlighted by group members. At the beginning the amount of talk and strategic movements might be summarized as a scarce of true dialog with different attempts to impose one over others. Each member seems to search for a top position in the group, thus polarizing and dominating the other voices [37]. As the sessions go on, a more reciprocal interaction is favored. The topics remain but they are less strong than before. In order to understand these changes, it is necessary to bring here the concept of metaposition, something like a “third voice.” This third voice has a reflexive function. Some auxiliary verbs (
As reported by Marquez [36], the discourse may have a relevant role in maintaining the problem, but it is possible to pass from a broken discourse to another healthier one. The discourse reveals psychological profiles as well as interaction styles. In the field of ED, and particularly in bulimia nervosa, working with ST should aim to introduce a “language of change” for both patients and families.
Characteristics of bulimia nervosa involve the sufferer bingeing on large amounts of food, during which patients experience feelings of extreme loss of control. Bingeing leaves the patients feeling guilty, disgusted with themselves, and afraid of weight gain. Patients try to compensate for this by vomiting, by exercising, by fasting, by abusing laxatives, or often by some combination of these behaviors. The life of bulimic patients is usually chaotic: dieting, bingeing, purging, fear to weight gain, feeling of being fat, etc. As result, patients have a negative view of themselves which usually leads to avoiding social interactions. Low mood and poor quality of life complete this framework.
In a ST group, some topics will emerge soon:
What is bulimia nervosa?
Effects of bulimia nervosa in my life (physical, psychological, and social facets)
Dieting
Is it possible to change my way of thinking?
What are thinking errors?
Coping with problems and emotions (anxiety, depression, fear, etc.)
Body dissatisfaction
Assertiveness
How is my future?
Can I help myself?
Bulimia nervosa has many disadvantages for me but has it any advantages?
What is a vicious cycle (diet-binge-diet; purge-binge-purge, etc.)?
What induces me to binge?
What triggers diet-binge-purge?
Can I remember what is normal eating?
Is this a healthy life?
Am I aware of the links among feelings, thoughts, mood, behavior, relationships, etc.?
In ST “emotional meanings” are essential. Patients with ED assign different meanings to their disorder. Those meanings are reflected in their narratives, their illness experiences told in their particular stories. Patients with bulimia nervosa usually have maladaptive thoughts and emotions related to eating habits and body weight. They also have low self-esteem, and they seem to be sure that a well-designed body would be a remedy for their problems of personal insecurity. In this regard, their behaviors aim an idealized body through diets, purging rituals, and often strenuous exercise. The chaos is based on the fact that the desire to lose weight is associated with a personal disorganization. As a result, regulation and control over eating become an attempt to organize and stabilize the chaotic mental state [43]. ST is a good instrument to communicate emotional experiences and a way to access patient’s difficulties and internal conflicts. In fact, narratives can be seen as expressions of the self and the living experience for the individual who narrates. The link between individuals and their “bulimic (or anorectic) voice” could explain their ambivalence to change [44, 45, 46].
Apart from the abovementioned topics related to the patient’s current problems and family-related features, there are different meanings with respect to the onset of the disorder. Low self-esteem, clusters of stressful events, new experiences/difficulties emerged with the disorder, feelings experienced after the onset of the disorder, etc. are usually core parts of the patients’ narratives [43].
As other therapeutical approaches, ST aims to produce changes. Patients and families could expect changes to happen such as more dialog, closeness and affection between family members, fewer conflicts between siblings, greater family participation in treatment, more family togetherness, less critical comments, etc. Considering families, the desire to change family dynamics seems to facilitate a healthier environment and consequently a clear improvement in the therapeutic progress. Generally, family emerges as the main source of patients’ social support.
ST is a communication tool among human beings with a core aspect which is the emotions. Narratives are a vehicle to trigger emotional and cognitive responses to achieve certain serious goals within their context of solicitation. With respect to the context, the applications of scientific ST in well-being, health, medicine, and psychology are good examples of the multiple possibilities in this field of study. Considering health contexts, storytellers are patients and patients’ relatives who suffer together a disease or disorder. In this particular way, ST is a manner to motivate both patients and families, ST being a mechanism for reduction in change resistance, which is usually related to health outcomes. In the context of chronic diseases, ST is not a way of simple catharsis. Telling stories about illness experiences seems to be therapeutic due to its potential to facilitate learning and coping with the disease. ED are usually chronic disorders, thus being both a challenge and a source of family problems. Within the family system, a process of meaning-making will emerge which is absolutely necessary to cope with the illness. This process is guided by culturally dominant illness narratives as stated by Frank, and it was abovementioned [33]. As reported by Marquez [36], the discourse may have a relevant role in maintaining the problem, but it is possible to pass from a broken discourse to another healthier one. The discourse reveals psychological profiles as well as interaction styles. In the field of ED, and particularly in bulimia nervosa, working with ST should aim to introduce a “language of change” for both patients and families. As it was abovementioned, impulsivity, ruptures, advances, and setbacks, which, in short, express precipitation, lack of a necessary prior time for reflection and planning, lack of containment, and difficulties in adjusting to limits, are a cluster which define the interaction between family members and a patient diagnosed with BN. This style usually leads to a chaos in both narrative and relationships (in the case of anorexia nervosa, the circularity—manifested linguistically in the high degree of recurrence—weaves with words a network that envelops and imprisons; the discourse projects an image that encloses the subject within himself; the discourse shows an awareness turned inward, hermetically centered and closed on the conflict, thus affecting a clear dialog with others) [35, 36]. In sum, ST aims to produce changes, in both discourse and relationships. Patients and families could expect changes to happen such as more dialog, closeness and affection between family members, fewer conflicts between siblings, greater family participation in treatment, more family togetherness, less critical comments, etc. Considering families, the desire to change family dynamics seems to facilitate a healthier environment and consequently a clear improvement in the therapeutic progress. Generally, family emerges as the main source of patients’ social support.
ST is above and beyond a useful form of communication. ST is not a specific therapy, and its great advantage is to improve the existing therapies by means of a better communication between therapists and patients as well as between family members and patients. With respect to ED, a patient (that is to say a “storyteller”) could summarize, in a delightful poem, the process of changing of someone who starts suffering from anorexia or bulimia nervosa (and still is sure to control it) until they reach a point of no return. The capital letter of each verse wants to reflect the inner highness of the affected person.
Due to the original language in which the poem has been written down, we have decided to maintain the Spanish version as well as to translate the poem into English.
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This chapter is focusing on bio‐inspired microstrip antennas, especially on leaf‐shaped antennas from the Gielis superformula that open a vast research field for more compact antennas with low visual impact.",book:{id:"5833",slug:"trends-in-research-on-microstrip-antennas",title:"Microstrip Antennas",fullTitle:"Trends in Research on Microstrip Antennas"},signatures:"Alexandre Jean René Serres, Georgina Karla de Freitas Serres, Paulo\nFernandes da Silva Júnior, Raimundo Carlos Silvério Freire, Josiel do\nNascimento Cruz, Tulio Chaves de Albuquerque, Maciel Alves\nOliveira and Paulo Henrique da Fonseca Silva",authors:[{id:"107092",title:"Dr.",name:"Paulo",middleName:null,surname:"Silva",slug:"paulo-silva",fullName:"Paulo Silva"},{id:"199230",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandre Jean René",middleName:null,surname:"Serres",slug:"alexandre-jean-rene-serres",fullName:"Alexandre Jean René Serres"},{id:"199961",title:"BSc.",name:"Maciel",middleName:null,surname:"Oliveira",slug:"maciel-oliveira",fullName:"Maciel Oliveira"},{id:"199963",title:"MSc.",name:"Josiel",middleName:null,surname:"Cruz",slug:"josiel-cruz",fullName:"Josiel Cruz"},{id:"205094",title:"Dr.",name:"Georgina Karla",middleName:null,surname:"Freitas Serres",slug:"georgina-karla-freitas-serres",fullName:"Georgina Karla Freitas Serres"},{id:"205095",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Paulo",middleName:"Fernandes",surname:"Silva Júnior",slug:"paulo-silva-junior",fullName:"Paulo Silva Júnior"},{id:"205097",title:"Dr.",name:"Raimundo Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Silvério Freire",slug:"raimundo-carlos-silverio-freire",fullName:"Raimundo Carlos Silvério Freire"},{id:"205098",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Tulio Chaves",middleName:null,surname:"Albuquerque",slug:"tulio-chaves-albuquerque",fullName:"Tulio Chaves Albuquerque"}]},{id:"27693",doi:"10.5772/29971",title:"A Comprehensive Survey on WiMAX Scheduling Approaches",slug:"a-comprehensive-survey-on-wimax-scheduling-approaches-",totalDownloads:3265,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:9,abstract:null,book:{id:"2044",slug:"quality-of-service-and-resource-allocation-in-wimax",title:"Quality of Service and Resource Allocation in WiMAX",fullTitle:"Quality of Service and Resource Allocation in WiMAX"},signatures:"Lamia Chaari, Ahlem Saddoud, Rihab Maaloul and Lotfi Kamoun",authors:[{id:"80143",title:"Dr.",name:"Lamia",middleName:null,surname:"Chaari",slug:"lamia-chaari",fullName:"Lamia Chaari"},{id:"80302",title:"PhD.",name:"Ahlem",middleName:null,surname:"Saddoud",slug:"ahlem-saddoud",fullName:"Ahlem Saddoud"},{id:"80303",title:"Prof.",name:"Lotfi",middleName:null,surname:"Kamoun",slug:"lotfi-kamoun",fullName:"Lotfi Kamoun"},{id:"81658",title:"MSc.",name:"Rihab",middleName:null,surname:"Maaloul",slug:"rihab-maaloul",fullName:"Rihab Maaloul"}]},{id:"57320",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70173",title:"Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques",slug:"bandwidth-enhancement-techniques",totalDownloads:4763,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:8,abstract:"In this chapter, a variety of procedures proposed in the literature to increase the impedance bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas are presented and discussed. Intrinsic techniques, proximity coupled and aperture-coupled patches, applying horizontally coupled patches to driven patch on a single layer and stacked patches are discussed. Beside the linear polarised solutions, some techniques for designing wideband circular polarised patch antennas are also presented. Furthermore, some other techniques proposed in the literature including log-periodic array of patches, E-shaped patch, L-shaped feeding, microstrip monopole slotted antenna, defected ground/patch technique and the latest works during the recent years are introduced and investigated. It is tried to make a comparison between different methods giving a typical bandwidth that can be obtained using each method, beside discussing about the benefits or limitations that each method has.",book:{id:"5833",slug:"trends-in-research-on-microstrip-antennas",title:"Microstrip Antennas",fullTitle:"Trends in Research on Microstrip Antennas"},signatures:"Seyed Ali Razavi Parizi",authors:[{id:"198931",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Razavi Parizi",slug:"seyed-ali-razavi-parizi",fullName:"Seyed Ali Razavi Parizi"}]},{id:"55913",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69522",title:"Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Artificial Neural Network",slug:"design-and-analysis-of-microstrip-patch-antennas-using-artificial-neural-network",totalDownloads:1937,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"The microstrip patch antenna can also be designed using an artificial neural network (ANN) modeling technique where size of the antenna is major limitation especially in mobile and wireless applications. In this chapter, analysis and synthesis problems for designing of microstrip patch antennas were discussed using the artificial neural network technique. An analysis problem refers to calculation of resonant frequency of microstrip patch antenna whereas a synthesis problem refers to calculation of dimensions of patch antenna. Both problems are reciprocal of each other. Results are implemented using graphical user interface (GUI) tools of MATLAB programming language. Back‐propagation training algorithm of artificial neural network is used to train the network for minimization of error and computation time. Therefore, the geometric dimensions of patch are obtained with high accuracy in less computation time as compared to simulation software.",book:{id:"5833",slug:"trends-in-research-on-microstrip-antennas",title:"Microstrip Antennas",fullTitle:"Trends in Research on Microstrip Antennas"},signatures:"Vivek Singh Kushwah and Geetam Singh Tomar",authors:[{id:"198433",title:"Dr.",name:"Vivek",middleName:"Singh",surname:"Kushwah",slug:"vivek-kushwah",fullName:"Vivek Kushwah"},{id:"198435",title:"Dr.",name:"Geetam Singh",middleName:null,surname:"Tomar",slug:"geetam-singh-tomar",fullName:"Geetam Singh Tomar"}]},{id:"68080",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.87985",title:"Polarization Modulation",slug:"polarization-modulation",totalDownloads:928,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:"Conventional wireless communication systems use amplitude, frequency, and phase of the carrier wave to carry information. However, actual radio waves also have vector parameters, such as polarization and propagation direction. In this chapter, a modulation scheme using polarizations is explained. The polarization modulation provides an additional degree of freedom for the modulation of the carrier waves. Furthermore, the polarization modulation is suitable to realize simple transceivers using RF signal processing. Antennas are the most important key parts of the polarization modulation systems. Polarization agile antennas, active integrated array antenna which integrates an oscillator and modulators, and polarization discrimination antenna are also introduced.",book:{id:"7414",slug:"modulation-in-electronics-and-telecommunications",title:"Modulation in Electronics and Telecommunications",fullTitle:"Modulation in Electronics and Telecommunications"},signatures:"Ichihiko Toyoda",authors:null}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"57320",title:"Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques",slug:"bandwidth-enhancement-techniques",totalDownloads:4758,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:8,abstract:"In this chapter, a variety of procedures proposed in the literature to increase the impedance bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas are presented and discussed. Intrinsic techniques, proximity coupled and aperture-coupled patches, applying horizontally coupled patches to driven patch on a single layer and stacked patches are discussed. Beside the linear polarised solutions, some techniques for designing wideband circular polarised patch antennas are also presented. Furthermore, some other techniques proposed in the literature including log-periodic array of patches, E-shaped patch, L-shaped feeding, microstrip monopole slotted antenna, defected ground/patch technique and the latest works during the recent years are introduced and investigated. It is tried to make a comparison between different methods giving a typical bandwidth that can be obtained using each method, beside discussing about the benefits or limitations that each method has.",book:{id:"5833",slug:"trends-in-research-on-microstrip-antennas",title:"Microstrip Antennas",fullTitle:"Trends in Research on Microstrip Antennas"},signatures:"Seyed Ali Razavi Parizi",authors:[{id:"198931",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Razavi Parizi",slug:"seyed-ali-razavi-parizi",fullName:"Seyed Ali Razavi Parizi"}]},{id:"56514",title:"Low-SAR Miniaturized Handset Antenna Using EBG",slug:"low-sar-miniaturized-handset-antenna-using-ebg",totalDownloads:1693,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:"Advances in wireless communications have paved the way for wide usage of mobile phones in modern society, resulting in mounting concerns surrounding its harmful radiation. Energy absorption in human biological tissues can be characterized by specific absorption rate (SAR). This value refers to the actual amount of electromagnetic energy absorbed in the biological tissues, thus a lower value of SAR indicates a lower radiation exposure risk to the human body. So, our challenge is to introduce mobile handset antennas with low SAR and operating at all mobile and wireless applications. In this chapter, novel configurations of single-element antenna are designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. The antennas operate for most cellular applications: global system for mobile (GSM)-850/900, digital cellular system (DCS)-1800, personal communication service (PCS)-1900, universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS)-2100, and long-term evolution (LTE) bands. The antennas also support wireless applications. The proposed antennas have a compact size and low SAR at all bands. Also, this chapter presents a comprehensive study on the performance of the antenna in the different environments. Furthermore, the antenna performance is tested in the presence of head and hand in free space and in a car. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement.",book:{id:"5833",slug:"trends-in-research-on-microstrip-antennas",title:"Microstrip Antennas",fullTitle:"Trends in Research on Microstrip Antennas"},signatures:"Kamel Salah Sultan, Haythem Hussien Abdullah and Esmat Abdel-\nFatah Abdallah",authors:[{id:"214874",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamel",middleName:null,surname:"Sultan",slug:"kamel-sultan",fullName:"Kamel Sultan"}]},{id:"62550",title:"Design Concepts of Low-Noise Amplifier for Radio Frequency Receivers",slug:"design-concepts-of-low-noise-amplifier-for-radio-frequency-receivers",totalDownloads:3164,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"The development of high-performance radio frequency (RF) transceivers or multi-standard/reconfigurable receivers requires an innovative RF front-end design to ensure the best from a good technology. In general, the performance of front-end and/or building blocks can be improved only by an increase in the supply voltage, width of the transistors or an additional stage at the output of a circuit. This leads to increase the design issues like circuit size and the power consumption. Presently, the wireless market and the need to develop efficient portable electronic systems have pushed the industry to the production of circuit designs with low-voltage power supply. The objective of this work is to introduce an innovative single-stage design structure of low noise amplifier (LNA) to achieve higher performance under low operating voltage. TSMC 0.18 micron CMOS technology scale is utilized for realizing LNA designs and the simulation process is carried out with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The LNA performance measures are analyzed by using an Intel Core2 duo CPU E7400@2.80GHz processor with Agilent’s Advanced Design System (ADS) 2009 version software.",book:{id:"6771",slug:"rf-systems-circuits-and-components",title:"RF Systems, Circuits and Components",fullTitle:"RF Systems, Circuits and Components"},signatures:"Sumathi Manickam",authors:[{id:"245830",title:"Dr.",name:"Sumathi",middleName:null,surname:"Manickam",slug:"sumathi-manickam",fullName:"Sumathi Manickam"}]},{id:"71296",title:"A Review: Circuit Theory of Microstrip Antennas for Dual-, Multi-, and Ultra-Widebands",slug:"a-review-circuit-theory-of-microstrip-antennas-for-dual-multi-and-ultra-widebands",totalDownloads:1260,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"In this chapter, a review has been presented on dual-band, multiband, and ultra-wideband (UWB). This review has been classified according to antenna feeding and loading of antennas using slots and notch and coplanar structure. Thereafter a comparison of dual-band, multiband, and ultra-wideband antenna has been presented. The basic geometry of patch antenna has been present along with its equivalent circuit diagram. It has been observed that patch antenna geometry for ultra-wideband is difficult to achieve with normal structure. Ultra-wideband antennas are achieved with two or more techniques; mostly UWB antennas are achieved from coplaner structures.",book:{id:"7414",slug:"modulation-in-electronics-and-telecommunications",title:"Modulation in Electronics and Telecommunications",fullTitle:"Modulation in Electronics and Telecommunications"},signatures:"Ashish Singh, Krishnananda Shet, Durga Prasad, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey and Mohammad Aneesh",authors:null},{id:"68080",title:"Polarization Modulation",slug:"polarization-modulation",totalDownloads:925,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:"Conventional wireless communication systems use amplitude, frequency, and phase of the carrier wave to carry information. However, actual radio waves also have vector parameters, such as polarization and propagation direction. In this chapter, a modulation scheme using polarizations is explained. The polarization modulation provides an additional degree of freedom for the modulation of the carrier waves. Furthermore, the polarization modulation is suitable to realize simple transceivers using RF signal processing. Antennas are the most important key parts of the polarization modulation systems. Polarization agile antennas, active integrated array antenna which integrates an oscillator and modulators, and polarization discrimination antenna are also introduced.",book:{id:"7414",slug:"modulation-in-electronics-and-telecommunications",title:"Modulation in Electronics and Telecommunications",fullTitle:"Modulation in Electronics and Telecommunications"},signatures:"Ichihiko Toyoda",authors:null}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"760",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[],lsSeriesList:[],hsSeriesList:[],sshSeriesList:[],testimonialsList:[]},series:{item:{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",issn:"2631-5343",scope:"Biomedical Engineering is one of the fastest-growing interdisciplinary branches of science and industry. 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Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. 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Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Technology has always been my aspiration and my life. As years passed I accumulated a tremendous amount of skills and knowledge in Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Conventional Radiology, Radiation Protection, Bioinformatics Technology, PACS, Image processing, clinically and lecturing that will enable me to provide a valuable service to the community as a Researcher and Consultant in this field. My method of translating this into day to day in clinical practice is non-exhaustible and my habit of exchanging knowledge and expertise with others in those fields is the code and secret of success.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Majmaah University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"313277",title:"Dr.",name:"Bartłomiej",middleName:null,surname:"Płaczek",slug:"bartlomiej-placzek",fullName:"Bartłomiej Płaczek",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313277/images/system/313277.jpg",biography:"Bartłomiej Płaczek, MSc (2002), Ph.D. (2005), Habilitation (2016), is a professor at the University of Silesia, Institute of Computer Science, Poland, and an expert from the National Centre for Research and Development. His research interests include sensor networks, smart sensors, intelligent systems, and image processing with applications in healthcare and medicine. He is the author or co-author of more than seventy papers in peer-reviewed journals and conferences as well as the co-author of several books. He serves as a reviewer for many scientific journals, international conferences, and research foundations. Since 2010, Dr. Placzek has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in the field of information technologies.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"35000",title:"Prof.",name:"Ulrich H.P",middleName:"H.P.",surname:"Fischer",slug:"ulrich-h.p-fischer",fullName:"Ulrich H.P Fischer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/35000/images/3052_n.jpg",biography:"Academic and Professional Background\nUlrich H. P. has Diploma and PhD degrees in Physics from the Free University Berlin, Germany. He has been working on research positions in the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute in Germany. Several international research projects has been performed with European partners from France, Netherlands, Norway and the UK. He is currently Professor of Communications Systems at the Harz University of Applied Sciences, Germany.\n\nPublications and Publishing\nHe has edited one book, a special interest book about ‘Optoelectronic Packaging’ (VDE, Berlin, Germany), and has published over 100 papers and is owner of several international patents for WDM over POF key elements.\n\nKey Research and Consulting Interests\nUlrich’s research activity has always been related to Spectroscopy and Optical Communications Technology. Specific current interests include the validation of complex instruments, and the application of VR technology to the development and testing of measurement systems. He has been reviewer for several publications of the Optical Society of America\\'s including Photonics Technology Letters and Applied Optics.\n\nPersonal Interests\nThese include motor cycling in a very relaxed manner and performing martial arts.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Charité",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"341622",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Rojas Alvarez",slug:"eduardo-rojas-alvarez",fullName:"Eduardo Rojas Alvarez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/341622/images/15892_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Cuenca",country:{name:"Ecuador"}}},{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/215610/images/system/215610.jpeg",biography:"Muhammad Sarfraz is a professor in the Department of Information Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait. His research interests include optimization, computer graphics, computer vision, image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, soft computing, data science, and intelligent systems. Prof. Sarfraz has been a keynote/invited speaker at various platforms around the globe. He has advised/supervised more than 110 students for their MSc and Ph.D. theses. He has published more than 400 publications as books, journal articles, and conference papers. He has authored and/or edited around seventy books. Prof. Sarfraz is a member of various professional societies. He is a chair and member of international advisory committees and organizing committees of numerous international conferences. He is also an editor and editor in chief for various international journals.",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},{id:"32650",title:"Prof.",name:"Lukas",middleName:"Willem",surname:"Snyman",slug:"lukas-snyman",fullName:"Lukas Snyman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/32650/images/4136_n.jpg",biography:"Lukas Willem Snyman received his basic education at primary and high schools in South Africa, Eastern Cape. He enrolled at today's Nelson Metropolitan University and graduated from this university with a BSc in Physics and Mathematics, B.Sc Honors in Physics, MSc in Semiconductor Physics, and a Ph.D. in Semiconductor Physics in 1987. After his studies, he chose an academic career and devoted his energy to the teaching of physics to first, second, and third-year students. After positions as a lecturer at the University of Port Elizabeth, he accepted a position as Associate Professor at the University of Pretoria, South Africa.\r\n\r\nIn 1992, he motivates the concept of 'television and computer-based education” as means to reach large student numbers with only the best of teaching expertise and publishes an article on the concept in the SA Journal of Higher Education of 1993 (and later in 2003). The University of Pretoria subsequently approved a series of test projects on the concept with outreach to Mamelodi and Eerste Rust in 1993. In 1994, the University established a 'Unit for Telematic Education ' as a support section for multiple faculties at the University of Pretoria. In subsequent years, the concept of 'telematic education” subsequently becomes well established in academic circles in South Africa, grew in popularity, and is adopted by many universities and colleges throughout South Africa as a medium of enhancing education and training, as a method to reaching out to far out communities, and as a means to enhance study from the home environment.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman in subsequent years pursued research in semiconductor physics, semiconductor devices, microelectronics, and optoelectronics.\r\n\r\nIn 2000 he joined the TUT as a full professor. Here served for a period as head of the Department of Electronic Engineering. Here he makes contributions to solar energy development, microwave and optoelectronic device development, silicon photonics, as well as contributions to new mobile telecommunication systems and network planning in SA.\r\n\r\nCurrently, he teaches electronics and telecommunications at the TUT to audiences ranging from first-year students to Ph.D. level.\r\n\r\nFor his research in the field of 'Silicon Photonics” since 1990, he has published (as author and co-author) about thirty internationally reviewed articles in scientific journals, contributed to more than forty international conferences, about 25 South African provisional patents (as inventor and co-inventor), 8 PCT international patent applications until now. Of these, two USA patents applications, two European Patents, two Korean patents, and ten SA patents have been granted. A further 4 USA patents, 5 European patents, 3 Korean patents, 3 Chinese patents, and 3 Japanese patents are currently under consideration.\r\n\r\nRecently he has also published an extensive scholarly chapter in an internet open access book on 'Integrating Microphotonic Systems and MOEMS into standard Silicon CMOS Integrated circuitry”.\r\n\r\nFurthermore, Professor Snyman recently steered a new initiative at the TUT by introducing a 'Laboratory for Innovative Electronic Systems ' at the Department of Electrical Engineering. The model of this laboratory or center is to primarily combine outputs as achieved by high-level research with lower-level system development and entrepreneurship in a technical university environment. Students are allocated to projects at different levels with PhDs and Master students allocated to the generation of new knowledge and new technologies, while students at the diploma and Baccalaureus level are allocated to electronic systems development with a direct and a near application for application in industry or the commercial and public sectors in South Africa.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman received the WIRSAM Award of 1983 and the WIRSAM Award in 1985 in South Africa for best research papers by a young scientist at two international conferences on electron microscopy in South Africa. He subsequently received the SA Microelectronics Award for the best dissertation emanating from studies executed at a South African university in the field of Physics and Microelectronics in South Africa in 1987. In October of 2011, Professor Snyman received the prestigious Institutional Award for 'Innovator of the Year” for 2010 at the Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa. This award was based on the number of patents recognized and granted by local and international institutions as well as for his contributions concerning innovation at the TUT.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of South Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"317279",title:"Mr.",name:"Ali",middleName:"Usama",surname:"Syed",slug:"ali-syed",fullName:"Ali Syed",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/317279/images/16024_n.png",biography:"A creative, talented, and innovative young professional who is dedicated, well organized, and capable research fellow with two years of experience in graduate-level research, published in engineering journals and book, with related expertise in Bio-robotics, equally passionate about the aesthetics of the mechanical and electronic system, obtained expertise in the use of MS Office, MATLAB, SolidWorks, LabVIEW, Proteus, Fusion 360, having a grasp on python, C++ and assembly language, possess proven ability in acquiring research grants, previous appointments with social and educational societies with experience in administration, current affiliations with IEEE and Web of Science, a confident presenter at conferences and teacher in classrooms, able to explain complex information to audiences of all levels.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Air University",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"75526",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Zihni Onur",middleName:null,surname:"Uygun",slug:"zihni-onur-uygun",fullName:"Zihni Onur Uygun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/75526/images/12_n.jpg",biography:"My undergraduate education and my Master of Science educations at Ege University and at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University have given me a firm foundation in Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Bioelectronics, Physical Chemistry and Medicine. After obtaining my degree as a MSc in analytical chemistry, I started working as a research assistant in Ege University Medical Faculty in 2014. In parallel, I enrolled to the MSc program at the Department of Medical Biochemistry at Ege University to gain deeper knowledge on medical and biochemical sciences as well as clinical chemistry in 2014. In my PhD I deeply researched on biosensors and bioelectronics and finished in 2020. Now I have eleven SCI-Expanded Index published papers, 6 international book chapters, referee assignments for different SCIE journals, one international patent pending, several international awards, projects and bursaries. In parallel to my research assistant position at Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, in April 2016, I also founded a Start-Up Company (Denosens Biotechnology LTD) by the support of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Currently, I am also working as a CEO in Denosens Biotechnology. The main purposes of the company, which carries out R&D as a research center, are to develop new generation biosensors and sensors for both point-of-care diagnostics; such as glucose, lactate, cholesterol and cancer biomarker detections. My specific experimental and instrumental skills are Biochemistry, Biosensor, Analytical Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Mobile phone based point-of-care diagnostic device, POCTs and Patient interface designs, HPLC, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Spectrophotometry, ELISA.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ege University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"246502",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaya T.",middleName:"T",surname:"Varkey",slug:"jaya-t.-varkey",fullName:"Jaya T. Varkey",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246502/images/11160_n.jpg",biography:"Jaya T. Varkey, PhD, graduated with a degree in Chemistry from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India. She obtained a PhD in Chemistry from the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Minnesota, USA. She is a research guide at Mahatma Gandhi University and Associate Professor in Chemistry, St. Teresa’s College, Kochi, Kerala, India.\nDr. Varkey received a National Young Scientist award from the Indian Science Congress (1995), a UGC Research award (2016–2018), an Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Visiting Scientist award (2018–2019), and a Best Innovative Faculty award from the All India Association for Christian Higher Education (AIACHE) (2019). She Hashas received the Sr. Mary Cecil prize for best research paper three times. She was also awarded a start-up to develop a tea bag water filter. \nDr. Varkey has published two international books and twenty-seven international journal publications. She is an editorial board member for five international journals.",institutionString:"St. Teresa’s College",institution:null},{id:"250668",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Nabipour Chakoli",slug:"ali-nabipour-chakoli",fullName:"Ali Nabipour Chakoli",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/250668/images/system/250668.jpg",biography:"Academic Qualification:\r\n•\tPhD in Materials Physics and Chemistry, From: Sep. 2006, to: Sep. 2010, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Thesis: Structure and Shape Memory Effect of Functionalized MWCNTs/poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. Supervisor: Prof. Wei Cai,\r\n•\tM.Sc in Applied Physics, From: 1996, to: 1998, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Determination of Boron in Micro alloy Steels with solid state nuclear track detectors by neutron induced auto radiography, Supervisors: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi and Dr. A. Hosseini.\r\n•\tB.Sc. in Applied Physics, From: 1991, to: 1996, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Design of shielding for Am-Be neutron sources for In Vivo neutron activation analysis, Supervisor: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi.\r\n\r\nResearch Experiences:\r\n1.\tNanomaterials, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization,\r\n2.\tMWCNTs/Polymer Composites: Fabrication and Characterization, \r\n3.\tShape Memory Polymers, Biodegradable Polymers, ORC, Collagen,\r\n4.\tMaterials Analysis and Characterizations: TEM, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, Raman, DSC, DMA, TGA, XRD, GPC, Fluoroscopy, \r\n5.\tInteraction of Radiation with Mater, Nuclear Safety and Security, NDT(RT),\r\n6.\tRadiation Detectors, Calibration (SSDL),\r\n7.\tCompleted IAEA e-learning Courses:\r\nNuclear Security (15 Modules),\r\nNuclear Safety:\r\nTSA 2: Regulatory Protection in Occupational Exposure,\r\nTips & Tricks: Radiation Protection in Radiography,\r\nSafety and Quality in Radiotherapy,\r\nCourse on Sealed Radioactive Sources,\r\nCourse on Fundamentals of Environmental Remediation,\r\nCourse on Planning for Environmental Remediation,\r\nKnowledge Management Orientation Course,\r\nFood Irradiation - Technology, Applications and Good Practices,\r\nEmployment:\r\nFrom 2010 to now: Academic staff, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Kargar Shomali, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14395-836.\r\nFrom 1997 to 2006: Expert of Materials Analysis and Characterization. Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine. Rajaeeshahr, Karaj, Iran, P. O. Box: 31585-498.",institutionString:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",institution:{name:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"248279",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:"Elzbieta",surname:"Machoy",slug:"monika-machoy",fullName:"Monika Machoy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248279/images/system/248279.jpeg",biography:"Monika Elżbieta Machoy, MD, graduated with distinction from the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the Pomeranian Medical University in 2009, defended her PhD thesis with summa cum laude in 2016 and is currently employed as a researcher at the Department of Orthodontics of the Pomeranian Medical University. She expanded her professional knowledge during a one-year scholarship program at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald, Germany and during a three-year internship at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany. She has been a speaker at numerous orthodontic conferences, among others, American Association of Orthodontics, European Orthodontic Symposium and numerous conferences of the Polish Orthodontic Society. She conducts research focusing on the effect of orthodontic treatment on dental and periodontal tissues and the causes of pain in orthodontic patients.",institutionString:"Pomeranian Medical University",institution:{name:"Pomeranian Medical University",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"252743",title:"Prof.",name:"Aswini",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kar",slug:"aswini-kar",fullName:"Aswini Kar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252743/images/10381_n.jpg",biography:"uploaded in cv",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"KIIT University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"204256",title:"Dr.",name:"Anil",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kumar Sahu",slug:"anil-kumar-sahu",fullName:"Anil Kumar Sahu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/204256/images/14201_n.jpg",biography:"I have nearly 11 years of research and teaching experience. I have done my master degree from University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India. I have published 16 review and research articles in international and national journals and published 4 chapters in IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open access books. I have presented many papers at national and international conferences. I have received research award from Indian Drug Manufacturers Association in year 2015. My research interest extends from novel lymphatic drug delivery systems, oral delivery system for herbal bioactive to formulation optimization.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",biography:"An assistant professor at Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, at Institute of Computer Science, Silesian University in Katowice. Scientific interests: computer analysis and processing of images, biomedical images, databases and programming languages. He is an author and co-author of scientific publications covering analysis and processing of biomedical images and development of database systems.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:null},{id:"212432",title:"Prof.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"hadi-mohammadi",fullName:"Hadi Mohammadi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212432/images/system/212432.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Hadi Mohammadi is a biomedical engineer with hands-on experience in the design and development of many engineering structures and medical devices through various projects that he has been involved in over the past twenty years. Dr. Mohammadi received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and his PhD. degree in Biomedical Engineering (biomaterials) from the University of Western Ontario. He was a postdoctoral trainee for almost four years at University of Calgary and Harvard Medical School. He is an industry innovator having created the technology to produce lifelike synthetic platforms that can be used for the simulation of almost all cardiovascular reconstructive surgeries. He’s been heavily involved in the design and development of cardiovascular devices and technology for the past 10 years. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the University of British Colombia, Canada.",institutionString:"University of British Columbia",institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"254463",title:"Prof.",name:"Haisheng",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"haisheng-yang",fullName:"Haisheng Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/254463/images/system/254463.jpeg",biography:"Haisheng Yang, Ph.D., Professor and Director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanics/Biomechanics from Harbin Institute of Technology (jointly with University of California, Berkeley). Afterwards, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Purdue Musculoskeletal Biology and Mechanics Lab at the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, USA. He also conducted research in the Research Centre of Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada at McGill University, Canada. Dr. Yang has over 10 years research experience in orthopaedic biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone adaptation and regeneration. He earned an award from Beijing Overseas Talents Aggregation program in 2017 and serves as Beijing Distinguished Professor.",institutionString:"Beijing University of Technology",institution:null},{id:"255757",title:"Dr.",name:"Igor",middleName:"Victorovich",surname:"Lakhno",slug:"igor-lakhno",fullName:"Igor Lakhno",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/255757/images/system/255757.jpg",biography:"Lakhno Igor Victorovich was born in 1971 in Kharkiv (Ukraine). \nMD – 1994, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nOb&Gyn; – 1997, master courses in Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.\nPhD – 1999, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nDSc – 2019, PL Shupik National Academy of Postgraduate Education \nLakhno Igor has been graduated from an international training courses on reproductive medicine and family planning held in Debrecen University (Hungary) in 1997. Since 1998 Lakhno Igor has worked as an associate professor of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and an associate professor of the perinatology, obstetrics and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. Since June 2019 he’s a professor of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and a professor of the perinatology, obstetrics and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education . He’s an author of about 200 printed works and there are 17 of them in Scopus or Web of Science databases. Lakhno Igor is a rewiever of Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Taylor and Francis), Informatics in Medicine Unlocked (Elsevier), The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research (Wiley), Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Bentham Open), The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal (Bentham Open), etc. He’s defended a dissertation for DSc degree \\'Pre-eclampsia: prediction, prevention and treatment”. Lakhno Igor has participated as a speaker in several international conferences and congresses (International Conference on Biological Oscillations April 10th-14th 2016, Lancaster, UK, The 9th conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations). His main scientific interests: obstetrics, women’s health, fetal medicine, cardiovascular medicine.",institutionString:"V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University",institution:{name:"Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education",country:{name:"Ukraine"}}},{id:"89721",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Cuneyt",surname:"Ozmen",slug:"mehmet-ozmen",fullName:"Mehmet Ozmen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89721/images/7289_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gazi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"243698",title:"M.D.",name:"Xiaogang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"xiaogang-wang",fullName:"Xiaogang Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243698/images/system/243698.png",biography:"Dr. Xiaogang Wang, a faculty member of Shanxi Eye Hospital specializing in the treatment of cataract and retinal disease and a tutor for postgraduate students of Shanxi Medical University, worked in the COOL Lab as an international visiting scholar under the supervision of Dr. David Huang and Yali Jia from October 2012 through November 2013. Dr. Wang earned an MD from Shanxi Medical University and a Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Dr. Wang was awarded two research project grants focused on multimodal optical coherence tomography imaging and deep learning in cataract and retinal disease, from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He has published around 30 peer-reviewed journal papers and four book chapters and co-edited one book.",institutionString:"Shanxi Eye Hospital",institution:{name:"Shanxi Eye Hospital",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"242893",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Joaquim",middleName:null,surname:"De Moura",slug:"joaquim-de-moura",fullName:"Joaquim De Moura",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242893/images/7133_n.jpg",biography:"Joaquim de Moura received his degree in Computer Engineering in 2014 from the University of A Coruña (Spain). In 2016, he received his M.Sc degree in Computer Engineering from the same university. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D degree in Computer Science in a collaborative project between ophthalmology centers in Galicia and the University of A Coruña. His research interests include computer vision, machine learning algorithms and analysis and medical imaging processing of various kinds.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of A Coruña",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"267434",title:"Dr.",name:"Rohit",middleName:null,surname:"Raja",slug:"rohit-raja",fullName:"Rohit Raja",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRZkkQAG/Profile_Picture_2022-05-09T12:55:18.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"294334",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Marc",middleName:null,surname:"Bruggeman",slug:"marc-bruggeman",fullName:"Marc Bruggeman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/294334/images/8242_n.jpg",biography:"Chemical engineer graduate, with a passion for material science and specific interest in polymers - their near infinite applications intrigue me. \n\nI plan to continue my scientific career in the field of polymeric biomaterials as I am fascinated by intelligent, bioactive and biomimetic materials for use in both consumer and medical applications.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"244950",title:"Dr.",name:"Salvatore",middleName:null,surname:"Di Lauro",slug:"salvatore-di-lauro",fullName:"Salvatore Di Lauro",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0030O00002bSF1HQAW/ProfilePicture%202021-12-20%2014%3A54%3A14.482",biography:"Name:\n\tSALVATORE DI LAURO\nAddress:\n\tHospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid\nAvda Ramón y Cajal 3\n47005, Valladolid\nSpain\nPhone number: \nFax\nE-mail:\n\t+34 983420000 ext 292\n+34 983420084\nsadilauro@live.it\nDate and place of Birth:\nID Number\nMedical Licence \nLanguages\t09-05-1985. Villaricca (Italy)\n\nY1281863H\n474707061\nItalian (native language)\nSpanish (read, written, spoken)\nEnglish (read, written, spoken)\nPortuguese (read, spoken)\nFrench (read)\n\t\t\nCurrent position (title and company)\tDate (Year)\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. Private practise.\t2017-today\n\n2019-today\n\t\n\t\nEducation (High school, university and postgraduate training > 3 months)\tDate (Year)\nDegree in Medicine and Surgery. University of Neaples 'Federico II”\nResident in Opthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid\nMaster in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nFellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology. Paris\nMaster in Research in Ophthalmology. University of Valladolid\t2003-2009\n2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2016\n2012-2013\n\t\nEmployments (company and positions)\tDate (Year)\nResident in Ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl.\nFellow in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. \n\t2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2017-today\n\n2019-Today\n\n\n\t\nClinical Research Experience (tasks and role)\tDate (Year)\nAssociated investigator\n\n' FIS PI20/00740: DESARROLLO DE UNA CALCULADORA DE RIESGO DE\nAPARICION DE RETINOPATIA DIABETICA BASADA EN TECNICAS DE IMAGEN MULTIMODAL EN PACIENTES DIABETICOS TIPO 1. Grant by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion \n\n' (BIO/VA23/14) Estudio clínico multicéntrico y prospectivo para validar dos\nbiomarcadores ubicados en los genes p53 y MDM2 en la predicción de los resultados funcionales de la cirugía del desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno. Grant by: Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León.\n' Estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado, con enmascaramiento doble, en 2 grupos\nparalelos y de 52 semanas de duración para comparar la eficacia, seguridad e inmunogenicidad de SOK583A1 respecto a Eylea® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad' (CSOK583A12301; N.EUDRA: 2019-004838-41; FASE III). Grant by Hexal AG\n\n' Estudio de fase III, aleatorizado, doble ciego, con grupos paralelos, multicéntrico para comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de QL1205 frente a Lucentis® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. (EUDRACT: 2018-004486-13). Grant by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co\n\n' Estudio NEUTON: Ensayo clinico en fase IV para evaluar la eficacia de aflibercept en pacientes Naive con Edema MacUlar secundario a Oclusion de Vena CenTral de la Retina (OVCR) en regimen de tratamientO iNdividualizado Treat and Extend (TAE)”, (2014-000975-21). Grant by Fundacion Retinaplus\n\n' Evaluación de la seguridad y bioactividad de anillos de tensión capsular en conejo. Proyecto Procusens. Grant by AJL, S.A.\n\n'Estudio epidemiológico, prospectivo, multicéntrico y abierto\\npara valorar la frecuencia de la conjuntivitis adenovírica diagnosticada mediante el test AdenoPlus®\\nTest en pacientes enfermos de conjuntivitis aguda”\\n. National, multicenter study. Grant by: NICOX.\n\nEuropean multicentric trial: 'Evaluation of clinical outcomes following the use of Systane Hydration in patients with dry eye”. Study Phase 4. Grant by: Alcon Labs'\n\nVLPs Injection and Activation in a Rabbit Model of Uveal Melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nUpdating and characterization of a rabbit model of uveal melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nEnsayo clínico en fase IV para evaluar las variantes genéticas de la vía del VEGF como biomarcadores de eficacia del tratamiento con aflibercept en pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) neovascular. Estudio BIOIMAGE. IMO-AFLI-2013-01\n\nEstudio In-Eye:Ensayo clínico en fase IV, abierto, aleatorizado, de 2 brazos,\nmulticçentrico y de 12 meses de duración, para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de un régimen de PRN flexible individualizado de 'esperar y extender' versus un régimen PRN según criterios de estabilización mediante evaluaciones mensuales de inyecciones intravítreas de ranibizumab 0,5 mg en pacientes naive con neovascularización coriodea secunaria a la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad. CP: CRFB002AES03T\n\nTREND: Estudio Fase IIIb multicéntrico, randomizado, de 12 meses de\nseguimiento con evaluador de la agudeza visual enmascarado, para evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de ranibizumab 0.5mg en un régimen de tratar y extender comparado con un régimen mensual, en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. CP: CRFB002A2411 Código Eudra CT:\n2013-002626-23\n\n\n\nPublications\t\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2015-16\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\nJose Carlos Pastor; Jimena Rojas; Salvador Pastor-Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia; Santiago Delgado-Tirado. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical\nconsequences. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 51, pp. 125 - 155. 03/2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.005\n\n\nLabrador-Velandia S; Alonso-Alonso ML; Di Lauro S; García-Gutierrez MT; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Mesenchymal stem cells provide paracrine neuroprotective resources that delay degeneration of co-cultured organotypic neuroretinal cultures.Experimental Eye Research. 185, 17/05/2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.011\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Maria Teresa Garcia Gutierrez; Ivan Fernandez Bueno. Quantification of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in an ex vivo coculture of retinal pigment epithelium cells and neuroretina.\nJournal of Allbiosolution. 2019. ISSN 2605-3535\n\nSonia Labrador Velandia; Salvatore Di Lauro; Alonso-Alonso ML; Tabera Bartolomé S; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Biocompatibility of intravitreal injection of human mesenchymal stem cells in immunocompetent rabbits. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. 256 - 1, pp. 125 - 134. 01/2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3842-3\n\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro, David Rodriguez-Crespo, Manuel J Gayoso, Maria T Garcia-Gutierrez, J Carlos Pastor, Girish K Srivastava, Ivan Fernandez-Bueno. A novel coculture model of porcine central neuroretina explants and retinal pigment epithelium cells. Molecular Vision. 2016 - 22, pp. 243 - 253. 01/2016.\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro. Classifications for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ({PVR}): An Analysis of Their Use in Publications over the Last 15 Years. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016, pp. 1 - 6. 01/2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/7807596\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Rosa Maria Coco; Rosa Maria Sanabria; Enrique Rodriguez de la Rua; Jose Carlos Pastor. Loss of Visual Acuity after Successful Surgery for Macula-On Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Prospective Multicentre Study. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:821864, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/821864\n\nIvan Fernandez-Bueno; Salvatore Di Lauro; Ivan Alvarez; Jose Carlos Lopez; Maria Teresa Garcia-Gutierrez; Itziar Fernandez; Eva Larra; Jose Carlos Pastor. Safety and Biocompatibility of a New High-Density Polyethylene-Based\nSpherical Integrated Porous Orbital Implant: An Experimental Study in Rabbits. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:904096, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/904096\n\nPastor JC; Pastor-Idoate S; Rodríguez-Hernandez I; Rojas J; Fernandez I; Gonzalez-Buendia L; Di Lauro S; Gonzalez-Sarmiento R. Genetics of PVR and RD. Ophthalmologica. 232 - Suppl 1, pp. 28 - 29. 2014\n\nRodriguez-Crespo D; Di Lauro S; Singh AK; Garcia-Gutierrez MT; Garrosa M; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I; Srivastava GK. Triple-layered mixed co-culture model of RPE cells with neuroretina for evaluating the neuroprotective effects of adipose-MSCs. Cell Tissue Res. 358 - 3, pp. 705 - 716. 2014.\nDOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1987-5\n\nCarlo De Werra; Salvatore Condurro; Salvatore Tramontano; Mario Perone; Ivana Donzelli; Salvatore Di Lauro; Massimo Di Giuseppe; Rosa Di Micco; Annalisa Pascariello; Antonio Pastore; Giorgio Diamantis; Giuseppe Galloro. Hydatid disease of the liver: thirty years of surgical experience.Chirurgia italiana. 59 - 5, pp. 611 - 636.\n(Italia): 2007. ISSN 0009-4773\n\nChapters in books\n\t\n' Salvador Pastor Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. PVR: Pathogenesis, Histopathology and Classification. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy with Small Gauge Vitrectomy. Springer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-78445-8\nDOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78446-5_2. \n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Maria Isabel Lopez Galvez. Quistes vítreos en una mujer joven. Problemas diagnósticos en patología retinocoroidea. Sociedad Española de Retina-Vitreo. 2018.\n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. iOCT in PVR management. OCT Applications in Opthalmology. pp. 1 - 8. INTECH, 2018. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78774.\n\n' Rosa Coco Martin; Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor. amponadores, manipuladores y tinciones en la cirugía del traumatismo ocular.Trauma Ocular. Ponencia de la SEO 2018..\n\n' LOPEZ GALVEZ; DI LAURO; CRESPO. OCT angiografia y complicaciones retinianas de la diabetes. PONENCIA SEO 2021, CAPITULO 20. (España): 2021.\n\n' Múltiples desprendimientos neurosensoriales bilaterales en paciente joven. Enfermedades Degenerativas De Retina Y Coroides. SERV 04/2016. \n' González-Buendía L; Di Lauro S; Pastor-Idoate S; Pastor Jimeno JC. Vitreorretinopatía proliferante (VRP) e inflamación: LA INFLAMACIÓN in «INMUNOMODULADORES Y ANTIINFLAMATORIOS: MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS CORTICOIDES. 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