Chapters authored
Endoscopy in Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex disorder with variable age of onset, disease location and behavior. It is characterized by a transmural inflammation that may involve any portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Ileocolonoscopy with biopsy is established as the first-line investigation for suspected CD. However, small bowel involvement is more difficult to assess by conventional endoscopy. Therefore, radiological imaging should also be performed to complement ileocolonoscopy in all patients with suspected CD. Recently, video capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy have revolutionized the management of small bowel CD. In fact, video capsule endoscopy is a non-invasive test that provides the visualization of the entire small bowel mucosa, which can assist in the diagnosis of CD and assess the therapeutic response. On the other hand, device-assisted enteroscopy enables direct tissue sampling for histopathology confirmation when traditional endoscopy, video capsule endoscopy and cross-sectional imaging are inconclusive. Moreover, it allows therapeutic interventions such as balloon stricture dilation. In this chapter, we review the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and management of patients with small bowel CD.
Part of the book: Endoscopy in Small Bowel Diseases
Anal Cancer Screening: Unveiling Its Importance
Anal dysplasia, a precancerous condition of the anal canal, is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern, particularly among individuals with high-risk factors such as patients living with human immunodeficiency virus, men who have sex with men, a history of anogenital cancer, and immunosuppression. Screening for anal dysplasia has emerged as a critical measure for early detection and treatment, in order to prevent progression to invasive AC. This chapter provides an overview of anal dysplasia screening modalities, including anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy, while discussing their benefits and limitations. The significance of risk stratification and prevention measures is also emphasized. The potential benefits of anal dysplasia screening in reducing the burden of anal cancer and improving patient outcomes are highlighted, along with the need for further research and comprehensive screening programs to optimize early detection and management of anal dysplasia.
Part of the book: Anorectal Disorders - From Diagnosis to Treatment [Working title]