Chapters authored
Social Changes in the Peruvian Amazon Due to Foreign Influence
The prehistoric Amazon had low numbers of hunter-gatherers due to poor soil and harsh landscape conditions, due to which it was not able to support advanced cultures. The arrival of Christian missionaries, oil companies, and farmers changed the lifestyle of a specific portion of the population, although some indigenous groups still avoid contact with the outside world. Missionaries stimulated changes in the indigenous medical-religious-political systems. In the Peruvian Amazon, the local government is too weak to carry out the usual functions of the state, and therefore oil companies have replaced the state in terms of various functions such as employment, building wells for the drinking water, healthcare, donation of electric generators, and aircraft transport of local indigenous authorities to meetings in Iquitos or Lima. The policies of the national government are turning the Peruvian Amazon into a productive area and are exploiting its natural raw materials. In modernising the Amazon region, however, the world is permanently and irreparably losing valuable knowledge regarding the nature of tropical areas.
Part of the book: Ecosystem and Biodiversity of Amazonia
Position of the Ceremony with the Psychedelic Drink Ayahuasca in the Society of the Amero-Indians of the Amazon
The Amero-Indians of the Amazon traditionally use ayahuasca for various physical and psychological ailments. Shamans in the Peruvian Amazon use the psychedelic drug ayahuasca to have various experiences in guided rituals. The goal of this religious experience is to expand consciousness and gain deeper insights. Consumption of the drink can cause harmful psychotic and paranoid reactions, but the therapeutic value is paramount, namely, the expansion of consciousness, the sensitization to psychological problems, and the search for their solution. The experience gained in the ayahuasca ritual is colorful yet indescribable, so painting pictures serves to better understand the problem that the person is trying to solve. After the ayahuasca ritual, the Amazon shamans knew how to express their expanded consciousness and deep knowledge through painting. The paintings that emerge after the ayahuasca ceremony are imbued with their cosmology of understanding the world.
Part of the book: Amazon Ecosystem - Past Discoveries and Future Prospects