Chapters authored
Removal of Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous System Using Composite Polymeric-Apatite Resins
Removal of cationic dyes from industrial effluents is still a big and challenging subject in the field of environmental purification. Millions of tons of cationic dyes are consumed by the textile, rubber, paper, and plastic industries. These dyes have thousands of different chemical structures. Most of them have special properties, such as high hydrophilicity and stability to light or heat. Adsorption is commonly used as a technique for removing dyes. Removal of cationic dyes by adsorption is a promising approach because of its low performance cost and easy technical access. The amount adsorbed of the dye onto the polymeric resin is studied with time for estimating the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of dye with time shows that mixing period of 10 min is optimum for attaining equilibrium with respect to R1 and R2, while attaining equilibrium with R3 takes 60 min. This findings represent a rapid kinetic for adsorption of MB, particularly R1, on the prepared resins. Different kinetic models were applied on the obtained results and the kinetic parameters were determined. The kinetic models correlate the amount adsorbed of dye with time. The values of calculated adsorption capacity qe and the linear regression coefficient clarify that the studied kinetic model could not fit with the experimental results for adsorption of MB onto R1, R2, and R3. The results of the studied kinetic model clarify that the experimental results for adsorption of MB onto R1, R2, and R3 could be described by kinetic model supporting chemical adsorption. The sorption of MB could be favorably described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model onto the composite resins. This finding refers to the participation of chemical adsorption within the adsorption mechanism for MB onto R1, R2, and R3.
Part of the book: Chemistry and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Dyes and Pigments