Chapters authored
VLSI Implementation of Medical Image Fusion Using DWT-PCA Algorithms
Nowadays, the usage of DIP is more important in the medical field to identify the activities of the patients related to various diseases. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computer Tomography (CT) scan images are used to perform the fusion process. In brain medical image, MRI scan is used to show the brain structural information without functional data. But, CT scan image is included the functional data with brain activity. To improve the low dose CT scan, hybrid algorithm is introduced in this paper which is implemented in FPGA. The main objective of this work is to optimize performances of the hardware. This work is implemented in FPGA. The combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is known as hybrid algorithm. The Maximum Selection Rule (MSR) is used to select the high frequency component from DWT. These three algorithms have RTL architecture which is implemented by Verilog code. Application Specified Integrated Chips (ASIC) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) performances analyzed for the different methods. In 180 nm technology, DWT-PCA-IF architecture achieved 5.145 mm2 area, 298.25 mW power, and 124 ms delay. From the fused medical image, mean, Standard Deviation (SD), entropy, and Mutual Information (MI) performances are evaluated for DWT-PCA method.
Part of the book: Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) II
A Robust and Oblivious Watermarking Method Using Maximum Wavelet Coefficient Modulation and Genetic Algorithm
An image watermarking method using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented for applications like content authentication and copyright protection. This method is robust to various image attacks. For watermark detection/extraction, the cover image is not essential. Gray scale images of size 512 × 512 as cover image and binary images of size 64 × 64 as watermark are used in the simulation of the proposed method. Watermark embedding is done in the DWT domain. 3rd and 2nd level detail sub-band coefficients are selected for further processing. Selected coefficients are arranged in different blocks. The size of the block and the number blocks depends on the size of the watermark. One watermark bit is embedded in each block. Then, inverse DWT operation is performed to get the required watermarked image. This watermarked image is used for transmission and distribution purposes. In case of any dispute over the ownership, the hidden watermark is decoded to solve the problem. Threshold-based method is used for watermark extraction. Control parameters are identified and optimized based on GA for targeted performance in terms of PSNR and NCC. Performance comparison is done with the existing works and substantial improvement is witnessed.
Part of the book: Modeling and Simulation in Engineering
A Hybrid Image Fusion Algorithm for Medical Applications
The main objective of medical imaging is to get a extremely informative image for higher designation. One modality of medical image cannot offer correct and complete data in several cases. In brain medical imaging, resonance Imaging (MRI) image shows structural data of the brain with none useful information, wherever as pc imaging (CT) image describes useful data of the brain however with low spatial resolution particularly with low dose CT scan, that is helpful to scale back the radiation impact to physique. Within the field of diagnosing, Image fusion plays a really very important role. Fusing the CT and tomography pictures provides a whole data concerning each soft and exhausting tissues of the physique. This paper proposes a 2 stage hybrid fusion formula. Initial stage deals with the sweetening of a coffee dose CT scan image exploitation totally different image sweetening techniques viz., bar graph Equalization and adaptation bar graph deed. Within the second stage, the improved low dose CT scan image is united with tomography image exploitation totally different fusion algorithms viz., distinct rippling rework (DWT) and Principal element Analysis (PCA). The projected formula has been evaluated and compared exploitation totally different quality metrics.
Part of the book: Multimedia Information Retrieval