Chapters authored
Effect of Spray-Drying and Electrospraying as Drying Techniques on Lysozyme Characterisation
The production of biopharmaceutical formulation incorporates several difficulties embracing their physical and chemical instabilities. In this study, two drying techniques, namely, spray-drying and electrospraying, were used to assess their application on lysozyme (as a model protein) without and with the use of betacyclodextrin. Samples were prepared in the ratio of 1:1 w/w (protein/betacyclodextrin), and several characterisation methods were applied to study the percentage (%) yield, morphology of the produced partials, thermal stability and biological activity of the protein. The results show the two drying methods led to different particle morphology as spherical-like shape was produced by spray-drying, while rodlike shape was generated by electrospraying with larger particle size. Lysozyme formulations produced by electrospraying were stable just directly after preparation, but after few weeks, those formulations showed visible aggregates. The biological activity of lysozyme was preserved by both drying techniques. In conclusion, both drying methods have different effects on the protein integrity and biological activity in which spray-drying shows more promising results.
Part of the book: Electrospinning and Electrospraying