Frame, time, max, and average.
\\n\\n
More than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\\n\\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\\n\\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\\n\\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\\n\\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\\n\\n\\n\\n
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
Simba Information has released its Open Access Book Publishing 2020 - 2024 report and has again identified IntechOpen as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\n\nSimba Information is a leading provider for market intelligence and forecasts in the media and publishing industry. The report, published every year, provides an overview and financial outlook for the global professional e-book publishing market.
\n\nIntechOpen, De Gruyter, and Frontiers are the largest OA book publishers by title count, with IntechOpen coming in at first place with 5,101 OA books published, a good 1,782 titles ahead of the nearest competitor.
\n\nSince the first Open Access Book Publishing report published in 2016, IntechOpen has held the top stop each year.
\n\n\n\nMore than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\n\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\n\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\n\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\n\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\n\n\n\n
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-signs-new-contract-with-cepiec-china-for-distribution-of-open-access-books-20210319",title:"IntechOpen Signs New Contract with CEPIEC, China for Distribution of Open Access Books"},{slug:"150-million-downloads-and-counting-20210316",title:"150 Million Downloads and Counting"},{slug:"intechopen-secures-indefinite-content-preservation-with-clockss-20210309",title:"IntechOpen Secures Indefinite Content Preservation with CLOCKSS"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-to-all-global-amazon-channels-with-full-catalog-of-books-20210308",title:"IntechOpen Expands to All Global Amazon Channels with Full Catalog of Books"},{slug:"stanford-university-identifies-top-2-scientists-over-1-000-are-intechopen-authors-and-editors-20210122",title:"Stanford University Identifies Top 2% Scientists, Over 1,000 are IntechOpen Authors and Editors"},{slug:"intechopen-authors-included-in-the-highly-cited-researchers-list-for-2020-20210121",title:"IntechOpen Authors Included in the Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020"},{slug:"intechopen-maintains-position-as-the-world-s-largest-oa-book-publisher-20201218",title:"IntechOpen Maintains Position as the World’s Largest OA Book Publisher"},{slug:"all-intechopen-books-available-on-perlego-20201215",title:"All IntechOpen Books Available on Perlego"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"1790",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Materials Science and Technology",title:"Materials Science and Technology",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Materials are important to mankind because of the benefits that can be derived from the manipulation of their properties, for example electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, magnetization, optical transmittance, strength and toughness. Materials science is a broad field and can be considered to be an interdisciplinary area. Included within it are the studies of the structure and properties of any material, the creation of new types of materials, and the manipulation of a material's properties to suit the needs of a specific application. The contributors of the chapters in this book have various areas of expertise. therefore this book is interdisciplinary and is written for readers with backgrounds in physical science. The book consists of fourteen chapters that have been divided into four sections. Section one includes five chapters on advanced materials and processing. Section two includes two chapters on bio-materials which deal with the preparation and modification of new types of bio-materials. Section three consists of three chapters on nanomaterials, specifically the study of carbon nanotubes, nano-machining, and nanoparticles. Section four includes four chapters on optical materials.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0193-2",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6136-3",doi:"10.5772/2223",price:139,priceEur:155,priceUsd:179,slug:"materials-science-and-technology",numberOfPages:338,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,hash:"0b85a7bbf89f16101f9195f9588ee66d",bookSignature:"Sabar D. Hutagalung",publishedDate:"March 7th 2012",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1790.jpg",numberOfDownloads:50832,numberOfWosCitations:35,numberOfCrossrefCitations:8,numberOfDimensionsCitations:23,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:66,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 6th 2011",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 4th 2011",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"September 8th 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 8th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"February 7th 2012",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,editors:[{id:"106047",title:"Dr.",name:"Sabar",middleName:"D.",surname:"Hutagalung",slug:"sabar-hutagalung",fullName:"Sabar Hutagalung",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/106047/images/2463_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Sabar D. Hutagalung received a Drs degree (Applied Physics) from University of North Sumatra (USU), Medan, Indonesia in 1989 and a Ph.D. degree (Materials Science) from University of Technology Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia, in 1997. He was a lecturer at the USU from 1991 to 1999. From 1999 to 2003, he was with the Faculty of Engineering, Legenda College, Malaysia as a lecturer, a head of department and later he served as a dean of faculty. Since December 2003 he has been with the School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, University of Science Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia.\n \nHis research interests are nanomaterials, nanoelectronics and electro-active ceramic materials areas, especially synthesis and characterization of semiconductor nanostructured materials (nanowires, nanorods, nanoparticles and quantum dots), development of silicon nanowire transistor by AFM lithography, investigation of high-K dielectric and giant magnetoresistance ceramic materials, and development of ceramic-based EMI shielding materials.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Universiti Sains Malaysia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"946",title:"Nanotechnology",slug:"metals-and-nonmetals-nanotechnology"}],chapters:[{id:"30350",title:"New Cements and Composite Materials Based on Them for Atomic Industry",doi:"10.5772/34672",slug:"new-cements-and-composite-materials-based-on-them-for-atomic-industry",totalDownloads:1965,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Nickolay Ilyoukha, Valentina Timofeeva and Alexander Chabanov",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30350",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30350",authors:[{id:"101181",title:"Dr.",name:"Nickolay",surname:"Ilyoukha",slug:"nickolay-ilyoukha",fullName:"Nickolay Ilyoukha"}],corrections:null},{id:"30351",title:"Origin of Piezoelectricity on Langasite",doi:"10.5772/18077",slug:"origin-of-piezoelectricity-on-langasite",totalDownloads:3341,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,signatures:"Hitoshi Ohsato",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30351",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30351",authors:[{id:"30328",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",surname:"Ohsato",slug:"hitoshi-ohsato",fullName:"Hitoshi Ohsato"}],corrections:null},{id:"30352",title:"Photolithography and Self-Aligned Subtractive and Additive Patterning of Conductive Materials",doi:"10.5772/33576",slug:"photolithography-and-self-aligned-subtractive-and-additive-patterning-of-conductive-materials",totalDownloads:2439,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Gert Homm, Steve Petznick, Torsten Henning and Peter J. Klar",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30352",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30352",authors:[{id:"96219",title:"Dr",name:null,surname:"Homm",slug:"homm",fullName:"Homm"},{id:"104283",title:"MSc.",name:"Markus",surname:"Piechotka",slug:"markus-piechotka",fullName:"Markus Piechotka"}],corrections:null},{id:"30353",title:"Design, Manufacturing and Testing of Polymer Composite Multi-Leaf Spring for Light Passenger Automobiles - A Review",doi:"10.5772/32778",slug:"design-manufacturing-and-testing-of-polymer-composite-multi-leaf-spring-for-light-passenger-automobi",totalDownloads:7847,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Senthilkumar Mouleeswaran",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30353",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30353",authors:[{id:"92111",title:"Dr.",name:"Senthilkumar",surname:"Mouleeswaran",slug:"senthilkumar-mouleeswaran",fullName:"Senthilkumar Mouleeswaran"}],corrections:null},{id:"30354",title:"Modeling, Simulation and Experimental Studies of Distortions, Residual Stresses and Hydrogen Diffusion During Laser Welding of As-Rolled Steels",doi:"10.5772/34478",slug:"modeling-simulation-and-experimental-studies-of-distortions-residual-stresses-and-hydrogen-diffusion",totalDownloads:3757,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,signatures:"T. Böhme, C. Dornscheidt, T. Pretorius, J. Scharlack and F. Spelleken",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30354",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30354",authors:[{id:"53789",title:"Dr.",name:"Thomas",surname:"Pretorius",slug:"thomas-pretorius",fullName:"Thomas Pretorius"},{id:"100310",title:"Dr.",name:"Thomas",surname:"Böhme",slug:"thomas-bohme",fullName:"Thomas Böhme"},{id:"100317",title:"MSc.",name:"Frank",surname:"Spelleken",slug:"frank-spelleken",fullName:"Frank Spelleken"},{id:"100744",title:"Mr.",name:"Juergen",surname:"Scharlack",slug:"juergen-scharlack",fullName:"Juergen Scharlack"},{id:"114945",title:"MSc.",name:"Christian",surname:"Dornscheidt",slug:"christian-dornscheidt",fullName:"Christian Dornscheidt"}],corrections:null},{id:"30355",title:"Collagen - Modified Layered Silicate Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine of Bone Tissue",doi:"10.5772/25947",slug:"collagen-modified-layered-silicate-biomaterials-for-regenerative-medicine-of-bone-tissue",totalDownloads:3641,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Zina Vuluga, Catalina-Gabriela Potarniche, Madalina Georgiana Albu, Viorica Trandafir, Dana Iordachescu and Eugeniu Vasile",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30355",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30355",authors:[{id:"19273",title:"Dr.",name:"Zina",surname:"Vuluga",slug:"zina-vuluga",fullName:"Zina Vuluga"},{id:"46011",title:"Dr.",name:"Eugeniu",surname:"Vasile",slug:"eugeniu-vasile",fullName:"Eugeniu Vasile"},{id:"50060",title:"Dr.",name:"Madalina Georgiana",surname:"Albu",slug:"madalina-georgiana-albu",fullName:"Madalina Georgiana Albu"},{id:"137488",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Gabriela Catalina",surname:"Sanporean (prev. Potarniche)",slug:"gabriela-catalina-sanporean-(prev.-potarniche)",fullName:"Gabriela Catalina Sanporean (prev. Potarniche)"},{id:"137489",title:"Dr.",name:"Viorica",surname:"Trandafir",slug:"viorica-trandafir",fullName:"Viorica Trandafir"},{id:"137490",title:"Prof.",name:"Dana",surname:"Iordachescu",slug:"dana-iordachescu",fullName:"Dana Iordachescu"}],corrections:null},{id:"30356",title:"Tailored and Functionalized Magnetite Particles for Biomedical and Industrial Applications",doi:"10.5772/30217",slug:"tailored-and-functionalized-magnetite-particles-for-biomedical-and-industrial-applications",totalDownloads:5934,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:9,signatures:"Anamaria Durdureanu-Angheluta, Mariana Pinteala and Bogdan C. Simionescu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30356",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30356",authors:[{id:"81416",title:"Prof.",name:"Mariana",surname:"Pinteala",slug:"mariana-pinteala",fullName:"Mariana Pinteala"},{id:"83284",title:"Ms.",name:"Anamaria",surname:"Durdureanu-Angheluta",slug:"anamaria-durdureanu-angheluta",fullName:"Anamaria Durdureanu-Angheluta"},{id:"83288",title:"Prof.",name:"Bogdan Cristofor",surname:"Simionescu",slug:"bogdan-cristofor-simionescu",fullName:"Bogdan Cristofor Simionescu"}],corrections:null},{id:"30357",title:"Carbon Nanotubes – Imprinted Polymers: Hybrid Materials for Analytical Applications",doi:"10.5772/32066",slug:"carbon-nanotubes-imprinted-polymers-hybrid-materials-for-analytical-applications",totalDownloads:3748,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,signatures:"Giuseppe Cirillo, Silke Hampel, Francesco Puoci, Diana Haase, Manfred Ritschel, Albrecht Leonhardt, Francesca Iemma and Nevio Picci",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30357",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30357",authors:[{id:"11923",title:"Dr.",name:"Francesco",surname:"Puoci",slug:"francesco-puoci",fullName:"Francesco Puoci"},{id:"11932",title:"Dr.",name:"Francesca",surname:"Iemma",slug:"francesca-iemma",fullName:"Francesca Iemma"},{id:"90024",title:"Dr.",name:"Giuseppe",surname:"Cirillo",slug:"giuseppe-cirillo",fullName:"Giuseppe Cirillo"},{id:"100094",title:"Dr.",name:"Silke",surname:"Hampel",slug:"silke-hampel",fullName:"Silke Hampel"},{id:"100095",title:"Dr.",name:"Diana",surname:"Haase",slug:"diana-haase",fullName:"Diana Haase"},{id:"100096",title:"Dr.",name:"Manfred",surname:"Ritschel",slug:"manfred-ritschel",fullName:"Manfred Ritschel"},{id:"100099",title:"Dr.",name:"Albrecht",surname:"Leonhardt",slug:"albrecht-leonhardt",fullName:"Albrecht Leonhardt"},{id:"100101",title:"Prof.",name:"Nevio",surname:"Picci",slug:"nevio-picci",fullName:"Nevio Picci"}],corrections:null},{id:"30358",title:"Mechanism of Nano-Machining and Mechanical Behavior of Nanostructure",doi:"10.5772/33374",slug:"mechanism-of-nano-machining-and-mechanical-behavior-of-nanostructure-",totalDownloads:3440,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Jiaxuan Chen, Na Gong and Yulan Tang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30358",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30358",authors:[{id:"95117",title:"Dr.",name:"Jiaxuan",surname:"Chen",slug:"jiaxuan-chen",fullName:"Jiaxuan Chen"},{id:"148922",title:"Dr.",name:"Gong",surname:"Na",slug:"gong-na",fullName:"Gong Na"}],corrections:null},{id:"30359",title:"Novel Mechanochemical Process for Aqueous - Phase Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles",doi:"10.5772/30465",slug:"novel-mechanochemical-process-for-aqueous-phase-synthesis-of-superparamagnetic-magnetite-nanoparticl",totalDownloads:3094,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Tomohiro Iwasaki",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30359",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30359",authors:[{id:"82680",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomohiro",surname:"Iwasaki",slug:"tomohiro-iwasaki",fullName:"Tomohiro Iwasaki"}],corrections:null},{id:"30360",title:"Time Resolved Investigation of Fast Phase- Change Phenomena in Rewritable Optical Recording Media",doi:"10.5772/31353",slug:"time-resolved-investigation-of-fast-phase-change-phenomena-in-rewritable-optical-recording-media",totalDownloads:1871,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Shigeru Kimura, Yoshihito Tanaka, Shinji Kohara and Masaki Takata",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30360",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30360",authors:[{id:"86715",title:"Dr",name:"Masaki",surname:"Takata",slug:"masaki-takata",fullName:"Masaki Takata"},{id:"134092",title:"Dr.",name:"Shigeru",surname:"Kimura",slug:"shigeru-kimura",fullName:"Shigeru Kimura"}],corrections:null},{id:"30361",title:"Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of EuMoO4 Octahedron-Like Microcrystals",doi:"10.5772/33873",slug:"synthesis-and-luminescence-properties-of-eumoo4-octahedron-like-microcrystals-",totalDownloads:3210,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Jagannathan Thirumalai, Rathinam Chandramohan and Viswanthan Saaminathan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30361",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30361",authors:[{id:"97517",title:"Prof.",name:"R.",surname:"Chandramohan",slug:"r.-chandramohan",fullName:"R. Chandramohan"},{id:"99242",title:"Prof.",name:"Jagannathan",surname:"Thirumalai",slug:"jagannathan-thirumalai",fullName:"Jagannathan Thirumalai"},{id:"126989",title:"Dr.",name:"Viswanthan",surname:"Saaminathan",slug:"viswanthan-saaminathan",fullName:"Viswanthan Saaminathan"}],corrections:null},{id:"30362",title:"Plasma Switching by Laser Ablation",doi:"10.5772/34577",slug:"plasma-switching-by-laser-ablation",totalDownloads:1820,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Ryosuke Hasegawa, Kazunori Fukaya and Akiyoshi Matsuzaki",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30362",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30362",authors:[{id:"100773",title:"Dr.",name:"Akiyoshi",surname:"Matsuzaki",slug:"akiyoshi-matsuzaki",fullName:"Akiyoshi Matsuzaki"}],corrections:null},{id:"30363",title:"Rheological Method for Determining Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution",doi:"10.5772/35779",slug:"rheological-method-for-determining-molecular-weight-and-molecular-weight-distribution",totalDownloads:4726,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Huiru Zhang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/30363",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/30363",authors:[{id:"105826",title:"Dr.",name:"Huiru",surname:"Zhang",slug:"huiru-zhang",fullName:"Huiru Zhang"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6552",title:"Silver Nanoparticles",subtitle:"Fabrication, Characterization and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fa35924b88365602189440c335634a77",slug:"silver-nanoparticles-fabrication-characterization-and-applications",bookSignature:"Khan Maaz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6552.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"107765",title:"Dr.",name:"Maaz",surname:"Khan",slug:"maaz-khan",fullName:"Maaz Khan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5293",title:"Recent Advances in Graphene Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"207ed784d98fcb1189a3ac9147f1dc81",slug:"recent-advances-in-graphene-research",bookSignature:"Pramoda Kumar Nayak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5293.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"38997",title:"Dr.",name:"Pramoda Kumar",surname:"Nayak",slug:"pramoda-kumar-nayak",fullName:"Pramoda Kumar Nayak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5199",title:"Crystalline and Non-crystalline Solids",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"92b08c7afb346f11c2051d0741e75d7e",slug:"crystalline-and-non-crystalline-solids",bookSignature:"Pietro Mandracci",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5199.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"80989",title:"Prof.",name:"Pietro",surname:"Mandracci",slug:"pietro-mandracci",fullName:"Pietro Mandracci"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5734",title:"Nanostructured Materials",subtitle:"Fabrication to Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"85a5487dd4ccb4f6768163f69ae0ef90",slug:"nanostructured-materials-fabrication-to-applications",bookSignature:"Mohindar Singh Seehra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5734.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"48086",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohindar",surname:"Seehra",slug:"mohindar-seehra",fullName:"Mohindar Seehra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5195",title:"Magnetic Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4f04cfbb54e455378de5fc7725e36a0c",slug:"magnetic-materials",bookSignature:"Khan Maaz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5195.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"107765",title:"Dr.",name:"Maaz",surname:"Khan",slug:"maaz-khan",fullName:"Maaz Khan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"68990",slug:"erratum-application-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-development-of-a-multifeedstock-biodies",title:"Erratum - Application of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly: Development of a Multifeedstock Biodiesel Processor",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/68990.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68990",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68990",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/68990",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/68990",chapter:{id:"63204",slug:"application-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-development-of-a-multifeedstock-biodiesel-proce",signatures:"Ilesanmi Afolabi Daniyan and Khumbulani Mpofu",dateSubmitted:"March 15th 2018",dateReviewed:"July 9th 2018",datePrePublished:"November 5th 2018",datePublished:"January 3rd 2019",book:{id:"7460",title:"Applications of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Applications of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly",slug:"applications-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly",publishedDate:"January 3rd 2019",bookSignature:"Ancuţa Păcurar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7460.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"184794",title:"Dr.",name:"Ancuta Carmen",middleName:null,surname:"Păcurar",slug:"ancuta-carmen-pacurar",fullName:"Ancuta Carmen Păcurar"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"11921",title:"Prof.",name:"Khumbulani",middleName:null,surname:"Mpofu",fullName:"Khumbulani Mpofu",slug:"khumbulani-mpofu",email:"mpofuk@tut.ac.za",position:null,institution:{name:"Tshwane University of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"260269",title:"Dr.",name:"Ilesanmi Afolabi",middleName:null,surname:"Daniyan",fullName:"Ilesanmi Afolabi Daniyan",slug:"ilesanmi-afolabi-daniyan",email:"afolabiilesanmi@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"63204",slug:"application-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-development-of-a-multifeedstock-biodiesel-proce",signatures:"Ilesanmi Afolabi Daniyan and Khumbulani Mpofu",dateSubmitted:"March 15th 2018",dateReviewed:"July 9th 2018",datePrePublished:"November 5th 2018",datePublished:"January 3rd 2019",book:{id:"7460",title:"Applications of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Applications of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly",slug:"applications-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly",publishedDate:"January 3rd 2019",bookSignature:"Ancuţa Păcurar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7460.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"184794",title:"Dr.",name:"Ancuta Carmen",middleName:null,surname:"Păcurar",slug:"ancuta-carmen-pacurar",fullName:"Ancuta Carmen Păcurar"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"11921",title:"Prof.",name:"Khumbulani",middleName:null,surname:"Mpofu",fullName:"Khumbulani Mpofu",slug:"khumbulani-mpofu",email:"mpofuk@tut.ac.za",position:null,institution:{name:"Tshwane University of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"260269",title:"Dr.",name:"Ilesanmi Afolabi",middleName:null,surname:"Daniyan",fullName:"Ilesanmi Afolabi Daniyan",slug:"ilesanmi-afolabi-daniyan",email:"afolabiilesanmi@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"7460",title:"Applications of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Applications of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly",slug:"applications-of-design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly",publishedDate:"January 3rd 2019",bookSignature:"Ancuţa Păcurar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7460.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"184794",title:"Dr.",name:"Ancuta Carmen",middleName:null,surname:"Păcurar",slug:"ancuta-carmen-pacurar",fullName:"Ancuta Carmen Păcurar"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"10310",leadTitle:null,title:"Positron Emission Tomography",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"
\r\n\tBrain science is a broad research field covering many dynamic and challenging topics. Using PET imaging techniques, one of the research mainstreams is brain-related scientific simulation or computer-modeled brain network development and the other one is the study of mind theory as well as improvement of mind communication and brain neuroplasticity enhancement using various scientific methods including neuroimaging and neurocomputation. This book will review the recent developments of brain science related neuroimaging including neural networks, brain-computer interface and computational neuroscience based on well-developed neuroscience principles and models; and also include well-studied pharmacological researches regarding the theory of mind, metacognition and mindreading, together with neuroplasticity enhancement using advanced neuroimaging and brain mapping techniques.
\r\n\r\n\tThorough review and detailed illustrations of the current brain science-related technique including neural network algorithms and applications, brain computer interface device and disease treatment, computational neuroscience simulation and realization will be the main focus of this book. This new book would hopefully capture the interests of colleagues interested in brain science principles and neuroimaging applications, as well as disease diagnosis and treatment, and could help convey the methodological and developmental perspectives of PET brain science in engineering, neuroscience and medical application field.
\r\n\t
The study of robot controlled to follow certain paths by considering the collision with surrounding object has been studied extensively for the past years. The robot is usually manipulated through a particular device. In order to adjust the robot movement, user should reprogram the microcontroller that is attached to the robot to do certain task.
\nRobotic arm is one of the robotic parts, which is widely used for several fields including in the medical rehabilitation to assist a disable people. Implementing the real 3D arm is quite costly; the 3D simulated articulated robotic arm is offering new ways of simulation. In addition, the gesture tracking also offers the natural ways of interaction by providing the real-time synchronization between human arm and 3D arm.
\nKinect was originally invented as a device for game; however, it also can be used for other purposes such as helping the recovery process of patient who got stroke. The doctor can monitor the improvement of patient and trail their nerve movement. By investigating the nerve of a person’s skeletal connection, healing specialists will have competency to find zones of body parts that requires intense training. The response that person acquired throughout or subsequently through a rehabilitation period is still possible to be perfected to solve precise badly behaved zones for the patient’s movement. The Kinect has a possibility as rehabilitation tools in house. Rehabilitation in the house provides suppleness for the patient to do regular reiteration of therapy.
\nFurthermore, to motivate neuron recurrence inside human mind that manipulates body change, therapy should be repetitive for a period of time. Idea behind the interface is that new position commands for the robot will be derived from the depth map captured by the Kinect. The interface offers methods to start and stop the Kinect, translate points from the Kinect’s position to robot’s position, and retrieve the latest position calculated by the Kinect. The control algorithm which is able to find the next position of the robot and, so that he/she can get exactly the wanted functionality. The Kinect uses a few seconds to start and to calibrate itself to give accurate depth measurements, so it is recommended that the Kinect interface is initialized at the same time as the robot system is turned on.
\nMost of the devices that used in hospital are really costly, and the procedure can be so complicated. They require very strict permission with authorized personnel to run the device and the queue can be quite long. Furthermore, some researchers focus on studying the communication between patient and therapist by providing the remote access through network to do home-based therapy [1]. In addition, the training system for elderly is also being studied to provide better design for attractive training system, since it can be conducted in home personally [2].
\nAugmented reality is also widely used for helping people on finding the path/route for pilgrim by combining AR technology and GPS trackers [3, 4, 5, 6]. In addition, the telecommunication in medical field such as telemedicine also has strong correlation with brain computer interface and haptic technology that increases the realism of telemedicine technology. The virtual character that assists the user will do their best to imitate human behavior as well as their interaction among themselves that will strive collision response in virtual environment [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. With advanced collision handling, it will also reflect the realism of interaction between user and virtual agent [15]. Besides, researcher also studied the hand and finger tracking to assist doctor on viewing and manipulating the 3D model of human body [16, 17]. While another research try to improve augmented or virtual reality technology by producing realistic facial expression in the conventional teaching system [18].
\nThe process is initiated by placing the Kinect camera in front of the user and then adjusting the optimum distance for acquiring finest depth image. Subsequently, it will capture the human body, which is then transferred into depth image stream. The second phase is random decision forest algorithm application by choosing a set of threshold for segmentation. The threshold and attribute which have high-density information are chosen and then the process is repeated. The final phase is mapping between joint skeleton and robotic arms and then starting the simulation by controlling remotely.
\nThe methodology of the project consists of three main processes as shown in Figure 1.
\nProject methodology.
Figure 1 describes that the telerobotic arm was initiated by placing the depth camera in front of the user to capture the human body and produce a stream of depth image. The algorithm used here is random decision forest that can determine the arm position of human body in real time. The process will be repeated until the desired accuracy has been satisfied. There are two vectors that built joint direction. Three axes, which define the joint frame, are the local or joint axis, the normal axis, and the binormal axis as shown in Figure 2.
\nJoin frame diagram.
The proposed application provides some features for user to interact with the system that is classified as functional and nonfunctional requirement as listed below:
\nGesture recognition can be divided into four main phases: hand movement detection, classifying the gesture from a collection of images, pull out the characteristic and then distinguish the gesture. The hand motion is determined through color of the skin and movement analysis. The speed of hand motion is computed to interpret the gesture localization from repeated images. Therefore, by collecting the depth images and analyzing the images, it can stimulate meaningful gestures that contain a particular command.
\nThe real-time feedback is provided with depth image stream that is send out by Kinect and then analyzed using random forest algorithm. The algorithm will produce a skeleton joint that will be mapped into 3D robotic arm remotely.
\nThe finger tracking is not covered in this research due to its complexity and it requires very short distance during tracking process while gesture requires a longer distance.
\nThe robotic arm does not need full body tracking and synchronization because the system will focus on the arm of human.
\nFigure 3 shows the use case diagram of the system. There are three main use cases: Kinect sensor, 3D articulated arm, and 3D arm control.
\nUse case diagram.
The actor of the above system represents the patient or other users who interact with the arm robot system
\nThe Kinect sensor is a motion-sensing controller that is able to sense user arm in motion mode. The Kinect needs sensor calibration before it is used, and the Kinect is able to detect depth by using an IR camera. The 3D articulated arm communicates with Microsoft Robotic Studio, while 3D arm control with gesture tracking.
\nThis section describes the sequence of project phases such as sequence diagram, activity diagram, and architecture of the system.
\nFigure 4 shows the sequence process of the system that starts with simulation and calibration with Kinect sensor and then it is continued by reading the depth data of user arm. Microsoft Robotic Studio will render the 3D arm and is synchronized with interpreted command of 3D arm and then performs 3D arm control.
\nSequence diagram.
Figures 5 and 6 show two activity diagrams: diagram (A) is started with simulation, adjusting distance, tracking, capturing human depth image, and then classifying gesture.
\nActivity diagram (A).
Activity diagram (B).
While the activity diagram in Figure 6 starts with gesture classification, joint classification, than joint synchronization between human joint with 3D arm joint, and provide real time interaction between 3D articulated arm.
\nFigure 7 depicts the architecture design phase that has Kinect sensor component, and the other component is Microsoft Robotic Simulator that has capability to connect with Kinect driver and Kinect software development kit (SDK). Microsoft Robotic Studio consists of visual programming language and 3D environment model.
\nArchitecture design phase diagram.
The first testing shows how to manage the tracker for hand control; it is started by initiating the Kinect camera to capture the human joint and render 3D hand that will follow the mouse movement.
\nThe hand tracking control is used for motion detection of human hand as shown in Figure 8. The system is to track and differentiate right hand or left hand of human. Figure 9 is the result of robotic arm rotation using Kinect gesture.
\nKinect depth camera tracking human hand.
Robotics arm which is connected to Kinect in steady position with domino blocks.
Figures 10 and 11 also demonstrate the movement of joint of robotic arm using Kinect gesture. The robotic arm will move according to the joint data that are sent through network by following the trainer movement remotely.
\nUser controlling the robotic arm to hit the blocks of domino.
Robotics arm in wireframe mode.
The performance of rendering is satisfying when the frame per second (FPS) is very high and the highest score reaches 60 while the lowest is 54, as shown in Figure 12.
\nThe statistical measurement of frame rate per second.
Figure 13 and Table 1 also portray the statistical measurement of the rendering process of 3D articulated robotic arm during the testing.
\nThe statistical measurement of frame over time.
Frames | \nTime (ms) | \nMin | \nMax | \nAvg | \n
---|---|---|---|---|
982 | \n16,411 | \n55 | \n61 | \n59.838 | \n
1935 | \n33,119 | \n5 | \n61 | \n58.426 | \n
99 | \n1638 | \n59 | \n61 | \n60.44 | \n
Frame, time, max, and average.
Telerobotic is one of the essential research topics, which is widely applied into medical rehabilitation and even manufacturing process in industry. This paper aims to provide telerobotic arm with six joints that represent human arm. This arm can be rotated and can act like human arm. The idea of the project is to provide training or exercise for poststroke patient to move their hand by controlling the 3D articulated arm. The human hand is tracked down by depth camera, and the behavior of real hand and 3D Arm is synchronized in real time. In this project, we provide five joints of 3D robotic arms that can be rotated according to its angle. The 3D arms will be simulated with domino effect when they collide with each other. The user will control the arm by performing a gesture in front of Kinect camera, and the synchronization of joints between human arm and 3D arm is performed in real time. The control process through Kinect by imitating mouse cursor movement also runs smoothly during the testing process. This finding is believed to bring potential benefits to rehabilitation for certain patients such as poststroke rehabilitation. The result is very convincing, while interaction is conducted naturally just by waving their hands or rotating the joints of our hand, 3D arm will do rotation as well. For future recommendation, the result of project can be improved further by conducting clinical test to real patient in medical rehabilitation and it can be used as a simulator in manufacturing process in industries.
\nThis work was supported by the deanship of scientific research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, and Jeddah Saudi Arabia. The authors, therefore, gratefully acknowledge the DSR for technical and financial support.
\nIntechOpen books are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter level.
",metaTitle:"Access policy",metaDescription:"IntechOpen books are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter level",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:null,contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"All IntechOpen published chapters are available OPEN ACCESS can be read without the requirement for registration of any kind, immediately upon publication, without any barrier.
\\n\\nThe HTML version, as well as the PDF version of publications dated before 2012 that are accessible through a reader, are available to readers with no restriction.
\\n\\nThe full content of chapters can be read, copied and printed from the link location of the chapter and these actions are not limited or restricted in any way.
\\n\\nRegistration is requested only to download the PDF of the chapter. There are no subscription fees and there is no charge to user groups.
\\n\\nIntechOpen chapters are distributed under CC BY 3.0 licences allowing users to “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship...” and there is no non-commercial restriction.
\\n\\nAuthors may post published works to any repository or website with no delay, and Authors and Editors of IntechOpen books have direct access to the PDF of the full book.
\\n\\nAll published content can be crawled for indexing. Full text and metadata may be accessed with instructions publicly posted.
\\n\\nAll IntechOpen books are indexed in CLOCKSS and preservation of access to published content is clearly indicated.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2021-02-26
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"All IntechOpen published chapters are available OPEN ACCESS can be read without the requirement for registration of any kind, immediately upon publication, without any barrier.
\n\nThe HTML version, as well as the PDF version of publications dated before 2012 that are accessible through a reader, are available to readers with no restriction.
\n\nThe full content of chapters can be read, copied and printed from the link location of the chapter and these actions are not limited or restricted in any way.
\n\nRegistration is requested only to download the PDF of the chapter. There are no subscription fees and there is no charge to user groups.
\n\nIntechOpen chapters are distributed under CC BY 3.0 licences allowing users to “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship...” and there is no non-commercial restriction.
\n\nAuthors may post published works to any repository or website with no delay, and Authors and Editors of IntechOpen books have direct access to the PDF of the full book.
\n\nAll published content can be crawled for indexing. Full text and metadata may be accessed with instructions publicly posted.
\n\nAll IntechOpen books are indexed in CLOCKSS and preservation of access to published content is clearly indicated.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2021-02-26
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5818},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5287},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1757},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10539},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:909},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15929}],offset:12,limit:12,total:119317},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"9"},books:[{type:"book",id:"10519",title:"Middleware Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c326d436ae0f4c508849d2336dbdfb48",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10519.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"26677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehdia",surname:"Ajana El Khaddar",slug:"mehdia-ajana-el-khaddar",fullName:"Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10695",title:"Computational Fluid Dynamics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1f8fd29e4b72dbfe632f47840b369b11",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Suvanjan Bhattacharyya",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10695.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"233630",title:"Dr.",name:"Suvanjan",surname:"Bhattacharyya",slug:"suvanjan-bhattacharyya",fullName:"Suvanjan Bhattacharyya"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10651",title:"Machine Learning - Algorithms, Models and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6208156401c496e0a4ca5ff4265324cc",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Jaydip Sen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10651.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10692",title:"Critical Systems - Towards Antifragility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"78d284ad921e9677830ef0335b1f1276",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Darrell Mann",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10692.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"297423",title:"Prof.",name:"Darrell",surname:"Mann",slug:"darrell-mann",fullName:"Darrell Mann"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10691",title:"Intelligent and Futuristic Computer Animation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5496e567e838f1eaeafba5f9a776b13a",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Ahmad Hoirul Basori and Dr. Andi Besse Firdausiah Mansur",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10691.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"13394",title:"Prof.",name:"Ahmad Hoirul",surname:"Basori",slug:"ahmad-hoirul-basori",fullName:"Ahmad Hoirul Basori"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10859",title:"Data Mining",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"63a4e514e537d3962cf53ef1c6b9d5eb",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Ciza Thomas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10859.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"43680",title:"Prof.",name:"Ciza",surname:"Thomas",slug:"ciza-thomas",fullName:"Ciza Thomas"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10857",title:"Augmented Reality",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5d66e2c09cddac7cc377ffb103aa7ef9",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Dragan Mladen Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10857.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10653",title:"Optimization Algorithms",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3cf7194a8c120e74db9dd632b9affb83",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nodari Vakhania",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10653.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"202585",title:"Prof.",name:"Nodari",surname:"Vakhania",slug:"nodari-vakhania",fullName:"Nodari Vakhania"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10858",title:"MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d32f86793bc72dde32532f509b1ec5b0",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Dragan Mladen Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10858.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:27},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:24},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:47},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:9},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8511",title:"Cyberspace",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8c1cdeb133dbe6cc1151367061c1bba6",slug:"cyberspace",bookSignature:"Evon Abu-Taieh, Abdelkrim El Mouatasim and Issam H. Al Hadid",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8511.jpg",editors:[{id:"223522",title:"Dr.",name:"Evon",middleName:"M.O.",surname:"Abu-Taieh",slug:"evon-abu-taieh",fullName:"Evon Abu-Taieh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5319},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9515",title:"Update in Geriatrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"913e16c0ae977474b283bbd4269564c8",slug:"update-in-geriatrics",bookSignature:"Somchai Amornyotin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9515.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"185484",title:"Prof.",name:"Somchai",middleName:null,surname:"Amornyotin",slug:"somchai-amornyotin",fullName:"Somchai Amornyotin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9021",title:"Novel Perspectives of Stem Cell Manufacturing and Therapies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"522c6db871783d2a11c17b83f1fd4e18",slug:"novel-perspectives-of-stem-cell-manufacturing-and-therapies",bookSignature:"Diana Kitala and Ana Colette Maurício",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9021.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"203598",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Diana",middleName:null,surname:"Kitala",slug:"diana-kitala",fullName:"Diana Kitala"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7030",title:"Satellite Systems",subtitle:"Design, Modeling, Simulation and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b9db6d2645ef248ceb1b33ea75f38e88",slug:"satellite-systems-design-modeling-simulation-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Tien Nguyen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7030.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"210657",title:"Dr.",name:"Tien M.",middleName:"Manh",surname:"Nguyen",slug:"tien-m.-nguyen",fullName:"Tien M. Nguyen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10413",title:"A Collection of Papers on Chaos Theory and Its Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900b71b164948830fec3d6254b7881f7",slug:"a-collection-of-papers-on-chaos-theory-and-its-applications",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken and Dimo I. Uzunov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10413.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9154",title:"Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"313f1dffa803b60a14ff1e6966e93d91",slug:"spinal-deformities-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults",bookSignature:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov and Gokulakannan Kandasamy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9154.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"94802",title:"Dr.",name:"Josette",middleName:null,surname:"Bettany-Saltikov",slug:"josette-bettany-saltikov",fullName:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8148",title:"Investment Strategies in Emerging New Trends in Finance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3b714d96a68d2acdfbd7b50aba6504ca",slug:"investment-strategies-in-emerging-new-trends-in-finance",bookSignature:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar and Asma Salman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8148.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"91081",title:"Dr.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Gharoie Ahangar",slug:"reza-gharoie-ahangar",fullName:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10201",title:"Post-Transition Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cc7f53ff5269916e3ce29f65a51a87ae",slug:"post-transition-metals",bookSignature:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, Abdullah Mohammed Asiri, Anish Khan, Inamuddin and Thamer Tabbakh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10201.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"24438",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed Muzibur",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",slug:"mohammed-muzibur-rahman",fullName:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9959",title:"Biomedical Signal and Image Processing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"22b87a09bd6df065d78c175235d367c8",slug:"biomedical-signal-and-image-processing",bookSignature:"Yongxia Zhou",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9959.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"259308",title:"Dr.",name:"Yongxia",middleName:null,surname:"Zhou",slug:"yongxia-zhou",fullName:"Yongxia Zhou"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"902",title:"Diagnostic Immunology",slug:"diagnostic-immunology",parent:{title:"Pure Immunology",slug:"pure-immunology"},numberOfBooks:3,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:52,numberOfWosCitations:124,numberOfCrossrefCitations:52,numberOfDimensionsCitations:131,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"diagnostic-immunology",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"6470",title:"Rapid Test",subtitle:"Advances in Design, Format and Diagnostic Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4511f4aaf7e54a38e8519d210290e032",slug:"rapid-test-advances-in-design-format-and-diagnostic-applications",bookSignature:"Laura Anfossi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6470.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"48947",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Anfossi",slug:"laura-anfossi",fullName:"Laura Anfossi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1499",title:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4b1a356482c2cfbe2550488651cb1c59",slug:"advances-in-immunoassay-technology",bookSignature:"Norman H. L. Chiu and Theodore K. Christopoulos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1499.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"98973",title:"Dr.",name:"Norman",middleName:"H. L.",surname:"Chiu",slug:"norman-chiu",fullName:"Norman Chiu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1697",title:"Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"981c10c8346033ca6cebd640a12ed3d7",slug:"serological-diagnosis-of-certain-human-animal-and-plant-diseases",bookSignature:"Moslih Al-Moslih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1697.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"112609",title:"Dr.",name:"Moslih",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Moslih",slug:"moslih-al-moslih",fullName:"Moslih Al-Moslih"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:3,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"33740",doi:"10.5772/35797",title:"Interferences in Immunoassays",slug:"interference-in-immunoassays",totalDownloads:17039,totalCrossrefCites:13,totalDimensionsCites:42,book:{slug:"advances-in-immunoassay-technology",title:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology",fullTitle:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology"},signatures:"Johan Schiettecatte, Ellen Anckaert and Johan Smitz",authors:[{id:"105883",title:"Mr.",name:"Johan",middleName:null,surname:"Schiettecatte",slug:"johan-schiettecatte",fullName:"Johan Schiettecatte"},{id:"113099",title:"Dr.",name:"Ellen",middleName:null,surname:"Anckaert",slug:"ellen-anckaert",fullName:"Ellen Anckaert"},{id:"113100",title:"Prof.",name:"Johan",middleName:null,surname:"Smitz",slug:"johan-smitz",fullName:"Johan Smitz"}]},{id:"33741",doi:"10.5772/36947",title:"Fundamentals and Applications of Immunosensors",slug:"fundamentals-and-applications-of-immunosensors",totalDownloads:4656,totalCrossrefCites:14,totalDimensionsCites:30,book:{slug:"advances-in-immunoassay-technology",title:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology",fullTitle:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology"},signatures:"Carlos Moina and Gabriel Ybarra",authors:[{id:"110541",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Moina",slug:"carlos-moina",fullName:"Carlos Moina"},{id:"110556",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabriel",middleName:null,surname:"Ybarra",slug:"gabriel-ybarra",fullName:"Gabriel Ybarra"}]},{id:"33156",doi:"10.5772/38038",title:"Serology Applied to Plant Virology",slug:"serology-applied-to-plant-virology",totalDownloads:3897,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:15,book:{slug:"serological-diagnosis-of-certain-human-animal-and-plant-diseases",title:"Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases",fullTitle:"Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases"},signatures:"J. Albersio A. Lima, Aline Kelly Q. Nascimento, Paula Radaelli and Dan E. Purcifull",authors:[{id:"115306",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Albersio A.",middleName:"Araujo",surname:"Lima",slug:"jose-albersio-a.-lima",fullName:"Jose Albersio A. Lima"},{id:"115713",title:"MSc.",name:"Aline K.",middleName:null,surname:"Nascimento",slug:"aline-k.-nascimento",fullName:"Aline K. Nascimento"},{id:"137876",title:"Dr.",name:"Dan",middleName:null,surname:"Purcifull",slug:"dan-purcifull",fullName:"Dan Purcifull"},{id:"137877",title:"Dr.",name:"Radaelli",middleName:null,surname:"Paula",slug:"radaelli-paula",fullName:"Radaelli Paula"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"61451",title:"Ways to Reach Lower Detection Limits of Lateral Flow Immunoassays",slug:"ways-to-reach-lower-detection-limits-of-lateral-flow-immunoassays",totalDownloads:2018,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:14,book:{slug:"rapid-test-advances-in-design-format-and-diagnostic-applications",title:"Rapid Test",fullTitle:"Rapid Test - Advances in Design, Format and Diagnostic Applications"},signatures:"Anatoly V. Zherdev and Boris B. Dzantiev",authors:[{id:"175229",title:"Dr.",name:"Anatoly",middleName:null,surname:"Zherdev",slug:"anatoly-zherdev",fullName:"Anatoly Zherdev"},{id:"224281",title:"Prof.",name:"Boris",middleName:"B",surname:"Dzantiev",slug:"boris-dzantiev",fullName:"Boris Dzantiev"}]},{id:"33151",title:"Helicobacter pylori Infection and Undiagnosed Dyspepsia in Dyspeptic Populations Under 45 of Age Tested by ELISA, Urease Breath Test and Helicotest",slug:"the-level-of-elisa-antibody-and-h-pylori-infection",totalDownloads:2897,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"serological-diagnosis-of-certain-human-animal-and-plant-diseases",title:"Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases",fullTitle:"Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases"},signatures:"Małgorzata Palka",authors:[{id:"110466",title:"Dr.",name:"Margaret",middleName:null,surname:"Palka",slug:"margaret-palka",fullName:"Margaret Palka"}]},{id:"61519",title:"SLE, An Overlooked Disease: Possibilities for Early Rescue by Early Diagnosis",slug:"sle-an-overlooked-disease-possibilities-for-early-rescue-by-early-diagnosis",totalDownloads:709,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"rapid-test-advances-in-design-format-and-diagnostic-applications",title:"Rapid Test",fullTitle:"Rapid Test - Advances in Design, Format and Diagnostic Applications"},signatures:"Reem K. Arafa and Mariam M. Ahmed",authors:[{id:"231130",title:"Prof.",name:"Reem",middleName:null,surname:"Arafa",slug:"reem-arafa",fullName:"Reem Arafa"},{id:"231133",title:"MSc.",name:"Mariam",middleName:null,surname:"Magdy",slug:"mariam-magdy",fullName:"Mariam Magdy"}]},{id:"62762",title:"Introductory Chapter: Rapid Test - Advances in Design, Formats, and Detection Strategies",slug:"introductory-chapter-rapid-test-advances-in-design-formats-and-detection-strategies",totalDownloads:691,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"rapid-test-advances-in-design-format-and-diagnostic-applications",title:"Rapid Test",fullTitle:"Rapid Test - Advances in Design, Format and Diagnostic Applications"},signatures:"Laura Anfossi, Cristina Giovannoli and Claudio Baggiani",authors:[{id:"48947",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Anfossi",slug:"laura-anfossi",fullName:"Laura Anfossi"},{id:"59928",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudio",middleName:null,surname:"Baggiani",slug:"claudio-baggiani",fullName:"Claudio Baggiani"},{id:"59929",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristina",middleName:null,surname:"Giovannoli",slug:"cristina-giovannoli",fullName:"Cristina Giovannoli"}]},{id:"33740",title:"Interferences in Immunoassays",slug:"interference-in-immunoassays",totalDownloads:17039,totalCrossrefCites:13,totalDimensionsCites:42,book:{slug:"advances-in-immunoassay-technology",title:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology",fullTitle:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology"},signatures:"Johan Schiettecatte, Ellen Anckaert and Johan Smitz",authors:[{id:"105883",title:"Mr.",name:"Johan",middleName:null,surname:"Schiettecatte",slug:"johan-schiettecatte",fullName:"Johan Schiettecatte"},{id:"113099",title:"Dr.",name:"Ellen",middleName:null,surname:"Anckaert",slug:"ellen-anckaert",fullName:"Ellen Anckaert"},{id:"113100",title:"Prof.",name:"Johan",middleName:null,surname:"Smitz",slug:"johan-smitz",fullName:"Johan Smitz"}]},{id:"33738",title:"Recombinant Antibodies and Non-Antibody Scaffolds for Immunoassays",slug:"recombinant-antibodies-and-non-antibody-scaffolds-for-immunoassay",totalDownloads:3522,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"advances-in-immunoassay-technology",title:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology",fullTitle:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology"},signatures:"Bhupal Ban and Diane A. Blake",authors:[{id:"106620",title:"Prof.",name:"Diane",middleName:null,surname:"Blake",slug:"diane-blake",fullName:"Diane Blake"},{id:"106624",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhupal",middleName:null,surname:"Ban",slug:"bhupal-ban",fullName:"Bhupal Ban"}]},{id:"33741",title:"Fundamentals and Applications of Immunosensors",slug:"fundamentals-and-applications-of-immunosensors",totalDownloads:4656,totalCrossrefCites:14,totalDimensionsCites:30,book:{slug:"advances-in-immunoassay-technology",title:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology",fullTitle:"Advances in Immunoassay Technology"},signatures:"Carlos Moina and Gabriel Ybarra",authors:[{id:"110541",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Moina",slug:"carlos-moina",fullName:"Carlos Moina"},{id:"110556",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabriel",middleName:null,surname:"Ybarra",slug:"gabriel-ybarra",fullName:"Gabriel Ybarra"}]},{id:"33154",title:"Serodiagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus",slug:"serodiagnosis-of-peste-des-petits-ruminants-virus",totalDownloads:4101,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:7,book:{slug:"serological-diagnosis-of-certain-human-animal-and-plant-diseases",title:"Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases",fullTitle:"Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases"},signatures:"Muhammad Munir, Muhammad Abubakar, Siamak Zohari and Mikael Berg",authors:[{id:"108444",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Munir",slug:"muhammad-munir",fullName:"Muhammad Munir"},{id:"113339",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Abubakar",slug:"muhammad-abubakar",fullName:"Muhammad Abubakar"},{id:"113341",title:"Dr.",name:"Siamak",middleName:null,surname:"Zohari",slug:"siamak-zohari",fullName:"Siamak Zohari"},{id:"113342",title:"Prof.",name:"Mikael",middleName:null,surname:"Berg",slug:"mikael-berg",fullName:"Mikael Berg"}]},{id:"33155",title:"Some Selected Serological Diagnostic Techniques in Plant Virology",slug:"some-serological-diagnostic-techniques-in-plant-virology",totalDownloads:3814,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"serological-diagnosis-of-certain-human-animal-and-plant-diseases",title:"Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases",fullTitle:"Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases"},signatures:"A. A. Fajinmi",authors:[{id:"116764",title:"Dr.",name:"Ayodele, Anthony",middleName:null,surname:"Fajinmi",slug:"ayodele-anthony-fajinmi",fullName:"Ayodele, Anthony Fajinmi"}]},{id:"60908",title:"Microarrays as Platform for Multiplex Assays in Biomarker and Drug Discovery",slug:"microarrays-as-platform-for-multiplex-assays-in-biomarker-and-drug-discovery",totalDownloads:629,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"rapid-test-advances-in-design-format-and-diagnostic-applications",title:"Rapid Test",fullTitle:"Rapid Test - Advances in Design, Format and Diagnostic Applications"},signatures:"Pablo Juanes-Velasco, Javier Carabias-Sanchez, Rodrigo Garcia-\nValiente, Jonatan Fernandez-García, Rafael Gongora, Maria\nGonzalez-Gonzalez and Manuel Fuentes",authors:[{id:"173804",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Fuentes",slug:"manuel-fuentes",fullName:"Manuel Fuentes"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"diagnostic-immunology",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/288865/renato-rozental",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"288865",slug:"renato-rozental"},fullPath:"/profiles/288865/renato-rozental",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()