Chapters authored
Diesel Exhaust Emissions and Mitigations
This chapter presents a concise treatment of diesel engine exhaust emissions and its mitigations. The working principle of the diesel engine is first given to establish the background and further to describe the influence of various parameters that affect the formation of engine exhaust emissions. The factors that influence exhaust emissions are linked to the engine design and the operating factors that promote good fuel-air mixing and combustion. These factors are air induction, fuel injection equipment, fuel injection schemes, in-cylinder gas exchange process and heat transfer. Thermochemistry essentially gives insight to the global reaction kinetics and how this is applied in practical engine combustion determinations in terms of equivalence ratios. Based on these, the fuel spray structure, atomization, penetration and the spray combustion model are described. The formation of exhaust emissions such as carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon and its intermediates, oxides of nitrogen and soot in diesel engines has been discussed. The techniques of their mitigation from the view of internal factors that deals with the optimization of engine design and it performance, as well as various exhaust after-treatment techniques used for NOx and soot reduction have been briefly discussed.
Part of the book: Introduction to Diesel Emissions