Medicinal plants with anti-biofilm activity.
\r\n\t
",isbn:"978-1-83969-323-6",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-322-9",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-324-3",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f9177ff0e61198735fb86a81303259d0",bookSignature:"Dr. Sadia Ameen, Dr. M. Shaheer Akhtar and Prof. Hyung-Shik Shin",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10582.jpg",keywords:"Ion Implantation, Photomask Fabrication, Photovoltaic Materials, Solar Thermal, Mass Spectrometric, Electrochemical, Molecular Thermodynamics, Sustainable Energy Conversion, Energy Production and Storage, Green Technologies, Bioenergy and Biofuels to the Storage, Bioinspired Materials and Systems",numberOfDownloads:32,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,numberOfTotalCitations:0,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 17th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"February 17th 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"April 18th 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"July 7th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"September 5th 2021",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"2 months",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Professor Sadia Ameen is a Gold Medalist in academics and recipient of the Best Researcher Award. She has more than 130 peer-reviewed papers in the field of solar cells, catalysts, sensors, contributed to book chapters, edited books, and is inventor/co-inventor of patents.",coeditorOneBiosketch:"Associate professor at Jeonbuk National University, Korea. He is an expert in the synthesis of semiconductor nanomaterials, composite materials, polymer-based solid-state films, solid polymer electrolytes, and electrode materials, solar cells, small molecules based organic solar cells, and photocatalytic reactions.",coeditorTwoBiosketch:"Professor in School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, and also President of Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Republic of Korea. The high impact of his work has been recognized by invitations to speak at international/national conferences and scientific meetings.",coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"52613",title:"Dr.",name:"Sadia",middleName:null,surname:"Ameen",slug:"sadia-ameen",fullName:"Sadia Ameen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/52613/images/system/52613.jpeg",biography:"Professor Sadia Ameen obtained her Ph.D. in Chemistry (2008) and then moved to Jeonbuk National University. Presently she is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Bio-Convergence Science, Jeongeup Campus, Jeonbuk National University. Her current research focuses on dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, organic solar cells, sensors, catalyst, and optoelectronic devices. She specializes in manufacturing advanced energy materials and nanocomposites. She has achieved a gold medal in academics and is the holder of a merit scholarship for the best academic performance. She is the recipient of the Best Researcher Award. She has published more than 130 peer-reviewed papers in the field of solar cells, catalysts and sensors, contributed to book chapters, edited books, and is an inventor/co-inventor of patents.",institutionString:"Jeonbuk National University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"5",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:{name:"Jeonbuk National University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Korea, South"}}}],coeditorOne:{id:"218191",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Shaheer",middleName:null,surname:"Akhtar",slug:"m.-shaheer-akhtar",fullName:"M. Shaheer Akhtar",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/218191/images/system/218191.jpg",biography:"Professor M. Shaheer Akhtar completed his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, 2008, from Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea. Presently, he is working as Associate Professor at Jeonbuk National University, the Republic of Korea. His research interest constitutes the photo-electrochemical characterizations of thin-film semiconductor nanomaterials, composite materials, polymer-based solid-state films, solid polymer electrolytes and electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells, small molecules based organic solar cells, and photocatalytic reactions.",institutionString:"Jeonbuk National University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Jeonbuk National University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},coeditorTwo:{id:"36666",title:"Prof.",name:"Hyung-Shik",middleName:null,surname:"Shin",slug:"hyung-shik-shin",fullName:"Hyung-Shik Shin",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/36666/images/system/36666.jpeg",biography:"Professor Hyung-Shik Shin received a Ph.D. in the kinetics of the initial oxidation Al (111) surface from Cornell University, USA, in 1984. He is a Professor in the School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, and also President of Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon, Republic of Korea. He has been a promising researcher and visited several universities as a visiting professor/invited speaker worldwide. He is an active executive member of various renowned scientific committees such as KiChE, copyright protection, KAERI, etc. He has extensive experience in electrochemistry, renewable energy sources, solar cells, organic solar cells, charge transport properties of organic semiconductors, inorganic-organic solar cells, biosensors, chemical sensors, nano-patterning of thin film materials, and photocatalytic degradation.",institutionString:"Jeonbuk National University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Jeonbuk National University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"8",title:"Chemistry",slug:"chemistry"}],chapters:[{id:"75888",title:"Solar Energy in Industrial Processes",slug:"solar-energy-in-industrial-processes",totalDownloads:32,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"194667",firstName:"Marijana",lastName:"Francetic",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/194667/images/4752_n.jpg",email:"marijana@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6517",title:"Emerging Solar Energy Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"186936bb201bb186fb04b095aa39d9b8",slug:"emerging-solar-energy-materials",bookSignature:"Sadia Ameen, M. Shaheer Akhtar and Hyung-Shik Shin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6517.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"52613",title:"Dr.",name:"Sadia",surname:"Ameen",slug:"sadia-ameen",fullName:"Sadia Ameen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7652",title:"Nanostructures",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ad1e5c5f214960269e89371d1110cbc0",slug:"nanostructures",bookSignature:"Sadia Ameen, M. Shaheer Akhtar and Hyung-Shik Shin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7652.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"52613",title:"Dr.",name:"Sadia",surname:"Ameen",slug:"sadia-ameen",fullName:"Sadia Ameen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9305",title:"Graphene Production and Application",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2ffaa7a52817a2243007f03345983404",slug:"graphene-production-and-application",bookSignature:"Sadia Ameen, M. Shaheer Akhtar and Hyung-Shik Shin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9305.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"52613",title:"Dr.",name:"Sadia",surname:"Ameen",slug:"sadia-ameen",fullName:"Sadia Ameen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"33747",title:"What Do We Know About Time Management? A Review of the Literature and a Psychometric Critique of Instruments Assessing Time Management",doi:"10.5772/37248",slug:"what-do-we-know-about-time-management-a-review-of-the-literature-and-a-psychometric-critique-of-inst",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/33747.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/33747",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/33747",totalDownloads:34634,totalViews:1091,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:1,dateSubmitted:"June 1st 2011",dateReviewed:"October 11th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 23rd 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/33747",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/33747",book:{slug:"time-management"},signatures:"Laurie-Ann M. Hellsten",authors:[{id:"111970",title:"Dr.",name:"Laurie-Ann",middleName:null,surname:"Hellsten",fullName:"Laurie-Ann Hellsten",slug:"laurie-ann-hellsten",email:"laurie.hellsten@usask.ca",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Saskatchewan",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1854",title:"Time Management",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Time Management",slug:"time-management",publishedDate:"March 23rd 2012",bookSignature:"Todor Stoilov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1854.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0335-6",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5122-7",editors:[{id:"51706",title:"Prof.",name:"Todor",middleName:null,surname:"Stoilov",slug:"todor-stoilov",fullName:"Todor Stoilov"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"33747",title:"What Do We Know About Time Management? A Review of the Literature and a Psychometric Critique of Instruments Assessing Time Management",slug:"what-do-we-know-about-time-management-a-review-of-the-literature-and-a-psychometric-critique-of-inst",totalDownloads:34634,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Laurie-Ann M. Hellsten",authors:[{id:"111970",title:"Dr.",name:"Laurie-Ann",middleName:null,surname:"Hellsten",fullName:"Laurie-Ann Hellsten",slug:"laurie-ann-hellsten"}]},{id:"33748",title:"Hierarchical Optimization for Fast Resource Allocation",slug:"hierarchical-optimization-for-fast-resource-allocation",totalDownloads:2086,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Krasimira Stoilova and Todor Stoilov",authors:[{id:"51706",title:"Prof.",name:"Todor",middleName:null,surname:"Stoilov",fullName:"Todor Stoilov",slug:"todor-stoilov"}]},{id:"33749",title:"A Practical Application of Time Management",slug:"a-practical-application-of-time-management",totalDownloads:3687,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Darren George",authors:[{id:"116858",title:"Dr.",name:"Darren",middleName:null,surname:"George",fullName:"Darren George",slug:"darren-george"}]},{id:"33750",title:"Personal Time-Management and Quality of Life in the Network Society",slug:"personal-time-management-and-quality-of-life-in-the-network-society",totalDownloads:2052,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Mercè Boixadós Anglès, Eulàlia Hernández-Encuentra and Modesta Pousada Fernández",authors:[{id:"112239",title:"Dr.",name:"Merce",middleName:null,surname:"Boixados",fullName:"Merce Boixados",slug:"merce-boixados"},{id:"113728",title:"Dr.",name:"Eulàlia",middleName:null,surname:"Hernández",fullName:"Eulàlia Hernández",slug:"eulalia-hernandez"},{id:"113777",title:"Dr.",name:"Modesta",middleName:null,surname:"Pousada Fernández",fullName:"Modesta Pousada Fernández",slug:"modesta-pousada-fernandez"}]},{id:"33751",title:"Distance Learners’ Time Management and Learning Effectiveness",slug:"distance-learners-time-management-and-learning-effectiveness",totalDownloads:4239,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Adams O.U. Onuka",authors:[{id:"111366",title:"Dr.",name:"Adams",middleName:"Otuoze Umoru",surname:"Onuka",fullName:"Adams Onuka",slug:"adams-onuka"}]},{id:"33752",title:"Academic Advising, Time Management and the African American Male Scholar-Athlete",slug:"time-management-academic-advising-and-the-african-american-male-student-athlete",totalDownloads:4191,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"C. Keith Harrison and Brandon Martin",authors:[{id:"106505",title:"Dr.",name:"C. Keith",middleName:null,surname:"Harrison",fullName:"C. Keith Harrison",slug:"c.-keith-harrison"},{id:"106509",title:"Dr.",name:"Brandon",middleName:null,surname:"Martin",fullName:"Brandon Martin",slug:"brandon-martin"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5142",title:"Applications and Theory of Analytic Hierarchy Process",subtitle:"Decision Making for Strategic Decisions",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7696be005ef87456c3b444052af3a857",slug:"applications-and-theory-of-analytic-hierarchy-process-decision-making-for-strategic-decisions",bookSignature:"Fabio De Felice, Thomas L. Saaty and Antonella Petrillo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5142.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"161682",title:"Prof.",name:"Fabio",surname:"De Felice",slug:"fabio-de-felice",fullName:"Fabio De Felice"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"50912",title:"Analytic Hierarchy Process Applied to Supply Chain Management",slug:"analytic-hierarchy-process-applied-to-supply-chain-management",signatures:"Valerio Antonio Pamplona Salomon, Claudemir Leif Tramarico and\nFernando Augusto Silva Marins",authors:[{id:"137460",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Marins",fullName:"Fernando Marins",slug:"fernando-marins"},{id:"179921",title:"Dr.",name:"Valerio",middleName:"A. P.",surname:"Salomon",fullName:"Valerio Salomon",slug:"valerio-salomon"},{id:"179926",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudemir",middleName:null,surname:"Tramarico",fullName:"Claudemir Tramarico",slug:"claudemir-tramarico"}]},{id:"51424",title:"An Analytical Hierarchy Process to Decision Making in Human Blood, Cells, and Tissue Banks",slug:"an-analytical-hierarchy-process-to-decision-making-in-human-blood-cells-and-tissue-banks",signatures:"Paulo Pereira and Sandra Xavier",authors:[{id:"178637",title:"Dr.",name:"Paulo António Rodrigues",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",fullName:"Paulo António Rodrigues Pereira",slug:"paulo-antonio-rodrigues-pereira"},{id:"185958",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra",middleName:null,surname:"Xavier",fullName:"Sandra Xavier",slug:"sandra-xavier"}]},{id:"51421",title:"A Case Study on the Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Assess Agri-Environmental Measures of the Rural Development Programme (RDP 2007–2013) in Slovenia",slug:"a-case-study-on-the-application-of-the-analytic-hierarchy-process-ahp-to-assess-agri-environmental-m",signatures:"Monica Huehner, Črtomir Rozman and Karmen Pažek",authors:[{id:"179642",title:"Prof.",name:"Karmen",middleName:null,surname:"Pažek",fullName:"Karmen Pažek",slug:"karmen-pazek"}]},{id:"51359",title:"Application of the AHP Method in Environmental Engineering: Three Case Studies",slug:"application-of-the-ahp-method-in-environmental-engineering-three-case-studies",signatures:"Tomasz Stypka, Agnieszka Flaga-Maryańczyk and Jacek Schnotale",authors:[{id:"179383",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomasz",middleName:null,surname:"Stypka",fullName:"Tomasz Stypka",slug:"tomasz-stypka"},{id:"179392",title:"Dr.",name:"Agnieszka",middleName:null,surname:"Flaga-Maryańczyk",fullName:"Agnieszka Flaga-Maryańczyk",slug:"agnieszka-flaga-maryanczyk"},{id:"179695",title:"Prof.",name:"Jacek",middleName:null,surname:"Schnotale",fullName:"Jacek Schnotale",slug:"jacek-schnotale"}]},{id:"51754",title:"Analytic Hierarchy Process Application in Different Organisational Settings",slug:"analytic-hierarchy-process-application-in-different-organisational-settings",signatures:"Damjan Maletič, Flevy Lasrado, Matjaž Maletič and Boštjan\nGomišček",authors:[{id:"178809",title:"Prof.",name:"Boštjan",middleName:null,surname:"Gomišček",fullName:"Boštjan Gomišček",slug:"bostjan-gomiscek"}]},{id:"51007",title:"AHP‐Aided Evaluation of Logistic and Transport Solutions in a Seaport",slug:"ahp-aided-evaluation-of-logistic-and-transport-solutions-in-a-seaport",signatures:"Cristian Giacomini, Giovanni Longo, Alice Lunardi and Elio Padoano",authors:[{id:"181593",title:"Prof.",name:"Elio",middleName:null,surname:"Padoano",fullName:"Elio Padoano",slug:"elio-padoano"},{id:"182135",title:"Prof.",name:"Giovanni",middleName:null,surname:"Longo",fullName:"Giovanni Longo",slug:"giovanni-longo"},{id:"185623",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristian",middleName:null,surname:"Giacomini",fullName:"Cristian Giacomini",slug:"cristian-giacomini"},{id:"185625",title:"BSc.",name:"Alice",middleName:null,surname:"Lunardi",fullName:"Alice Lunardi",slug:"alice-lunardi"}]},{id:"51701",title:"Prioritizing Human Factors in Emergency Conditions Using AHP Model and FMEA",slug:"prioritizing-human-factors-in-emergency-conditions-using-ahp-model-and-fmea",signatures:"Fabio De Felice, Antonella Petrillo and Domenico Falcone",authors:[{id:"161682",title:"Prof.",name:"Fabio",middleName:null,surname:"De Felice",fullName:"Fabio De Felice",slug:"fabio-de-felice"},{id:"171487",title:"Prof.",name:"Domenico",middleName:null,surname:"Falcone",fullName:"Domenico Falcone",slug:"domenico-falcone"},{id:"181603",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonella",middleName:null,surname:"Petrillo",fullName:"Antonella Petrillo",slug:"antonella-petrillo"}]},{id:"51061",title:"Disaster Risk Assessment Developing a Perceived Comprehensive Disaster Risk Index: The Cases of Three Chilean Cities",slug:"disaster-risk-assessment-developing-a-perceived-comprehensive-disaster-risk-index-the-cases-of-three",signatures:"Carmen Paz Castro, Juan Pablo Sarmiento and Claudio Garuti",authors:[{id:"179811",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudio",middleName:null,surname:"Garuti",fullName:"Claudio Garuti",slug:"claudio-garuti"}]},{id:"51043",title:"Framework for Optimal Selection Using Meta‐Heuristic Approach and AHP Algorithm",slug:"framework-for-optimal-selection-using-meta-heuristic-approach-and-ahp-algorithm",signatures:"Ramo Šendelj and Ivana Ognjanović",authors:[{id:"178317",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivana",middleName:null,surname:"Ognjanovic",fullName:"Ivana Ognjanovic",slug:"ivana-ognjanovic"},{id:"182140",title:"Prof.",name:"Ramo",middleName:null,surname:"Šendelj",fullName:"Ramo Šendelj",slug:"ramo-sendelj"}]},{id:"51164",title:"Evaluation of Growth Simulators for Forest Management in Terms of Functionality and Software Structure Using AHP",slug:"evaluation-of-growth-simulators-for-forest-management-in-terms-of-functionality-and-software-structu",signatures:"Clemens Blattert, Renato Lemm, and Oliver Thees",authors:[{id:"178803",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Clemens",middleName:null,surname:"Blattert",fullName:"Clemens Blattert",slug:"clemens-blattert"}]},{id:"51373",title:"Measuring in Weighted Environments: Moving from Metric to Order Topology (Knowing When Close Really Means Close)",slug:"measuring-in-weighted-environments-moving-from-metric-to-order-topology-knowing-when-close-really-me",signatures:"Claudio Garuti",authors:[{id:"179811",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudio",middleName:null,surname:"Garuti",fullName:"Claudio Garuti",slug:"claudio-garuti"}]},{id:"51121",title:"Combining AHP Method with BOCR Merits to Analyze the Outcomes of Business Electricity Sustainability",slug:"combining-ahp-method-with-bocr-merits-to-analyze-the-outcomes-of-business-electricity-sustainability",signatures:"Rabah Medjoudj, Fairouz Iberraken and Djamil Aissani",authors:[{id:"182165",title:"Dr.",name:"Rabah",middleName:null,surname:"Medjoudj",fullName:"Rabah Medjoudj",slug:"rabah-medjoudj"},{id:"182166",title:"Ms.",name:"Fairouz",middleName:null,surname:"Iberraken",fullName:"Fairouz Iberraken",slug:"fairouz-iberraken"},{id:"182167",title:"Prof.",name:"Djamil",middleName:null,surname:"Aissani",fullName:"Djamil Aissani",slug:"djamil-aissani"}]},{id:"51811",title:"A Prototype AHP System for Contractor Selection Decision",slug:"a-prototype-ahp-system-for-contractor-selection-decision",signatures:"Emmanuel O. Oyatoye and Adedotun A. Odulana",authors:[{id:"182183",title:"Dr.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:"Olateju",surname:"Oyatoye",fullName:"Emmanuel Oyatoye",slug:"emmanuel-oyatoye"},{id:"185023",title:"Mr.",name:"Adedotun",middleName:null,surname:"Odulana",fullName:"Adedotun Odulana",slug:"adedotun-odulana"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"69590",title:"Combating Biofilm and Quorum Sensing: A New Strategy to Fight Infections",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89227",slug:"combating-biofilm-and-quorum-sensing-a-new-strategy-to-fight-infections",body:'\nBiofilm is a population of cells growing on a surface and enclosed in an exopolysaccharide matrix [1]. The physiology, structure and chemistry of the biofilm vary with the nature of its resident microbes and local environment [2].
\nMost important feature among biofilms is that their structural integrity critically depends upon the extracellular matrix produced by their constituent cells. They are notoriously difficult to eradicate and are a source of many recalcitrant infections [2]. Biofilms are associated with serious health issues stemming from persistent infections due to the contamination of medical devices (intravenous and urinary catheters), artificial implants and drinking water pollution among others [3].
\nIntercellular signaling, often referred to as quorum sensing (QS), has been shown to be involved in biofilm development [4]. Quorum sensing relies on small, secreted signaling molecules; much like hormones in higher organisms, to initiate coordinated responses across a population and it contributes to behaviors that enable microbes to resist antimicrobial compounds [5]. Quorum sensing signaling activation can lead to antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens, thus increasing the therapy difficulty of diseases [4].
\nThe key concern about biofilms is their contribution to the development of resistance against antimicrobial agents, and with the on-going emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, there is a current need for development of alternative therapeutic strategies [6].
\nAn anti-virulence approach by which quorum sensing is impeded could be a viable means to manipulate bacterial processes, especially pathogenic traits that are harmful to human and animal health and agricultural productivity [7]. Further research into the identification and development of chemical compounds and enzymes that facilitate quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) by targeting signaling molecules, signal biogenesis, or signal detection are required [7]. Anti-QS agents can abolish the QS signaling and prevent the biofilm formation, therefore reducing bacterial virulence without causing drug-resistant to the pathogens, suggesting that anti-QS agents could be potential alternatives for antibiotics [8]. An effective clinical strategy for treating bacterial diseases in the near future will be to combine anti-QS agents with conventional antibiotics since this can significantly improve the efficacy of therapeutic drugs and decrease the cost of human healthcare [9].
\nBiofilms are mixed microbial cultures normally consisting predominantly of prokaryotes with some eukaryotes. Thus, in addition to microbial cells, the surrounding environment contains a range of macromolecular products in which exopolysaccharide secreted by the cells is the dominant macromolecular component, while the water content is probably about 90–97% [10, 11]. Secreted products also include enzymes and other proteins, bacteriocins, and low mass solutes and nucleic acid released through cell lysis. The lysis may occur either naturally with cell aging or through the action of phage and bacteriocins.
\nOpportunistic pathogens, viruses, parasitic protozoa, toxin releasing algae and fungi and enteric bacteria e.g.
Biofilms present complex assemblies of microorganisms attached to surfaces. They are dynamic structures in which various metabolic activities and interactions between the component cells occur [10]. Studies on microorganisms and biofilm formation have revealed diverse complex social behavior including cooperation in foraging, building, reproduction, dispersion and communication among microorganisms [14]. The organisms within a biofilm setup may include a single or diverse species of microorganisms. In the biofilm, bacteria can share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in the environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and a host body’s immune system.
\nBacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and cyanobacteria that are common pathogens are all involved in biofilm formation [15].
\nAbout 99.9% of all bacteria live in biofilm communities [16]. A biofilm usually begins to form when a free-swimming bacterium attaches to a surface. Pathogenic organisms are found on most food items including seafoods and biofilm forming pathogens are found on such seafoods as crabs [17], pacific oysters [18], shrimps [19] etc. Public health and clinical microbiologists recognize that biofilms are present everywhere in nature and are responsible for a number of human infections. Infectious caused by microbial communities include urinary tract infections, middle-ear infections, dental plaque, gingivitis, endocarditis, cystic fibrosis. Biofilms on persistent indwelling devices such as catheter, contact lenses, heart valves and joint prostheses are also responsible for many recurrent infections [20, 21]. Biofilms on indwelling medical devices may be composed of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria commonly isolated from these devices include the Gram-positive
The organisms that form biofilms on medical devices originate from patient’s skin microflora, exogenous microflora from health-care personnel, or contaminated infusates. Biofilms associated with catheters may initially be composed of single species, but with the passage of time they become multi-specie communities. Some urinary tract and bloodstream infections are also caused by biofilm-associated indwelling medical devices with 50–70% of infections related to catheter [12]. Chronic infections, inflammation and tissue damage caused by many strains of single species are often found in polymicrobial communities [24].
\nBacteria that reside in a biofilm community usually will not grow when cultured, a situation normally referred to as “viable, but not culturable”. The reason is that to change to the planktonic state from a biofilm-producing phenotype, bacteria require complex and specific environmental and signaling factors that are not available in a culture plate [25]. This therefore suggests that analyzing biofilm samples for bacterial infective agents during infections may show negative results and the real cause of the infections may not be detected if culturing is the only investigative procedure.
\nMany medically important fungi produce biofilms and they include
\n
Free-living protozoans are single celled eukaryotic organisms and are divided into amoebae, flagellates and ciliates. All the three protozoan groups have been found in fresh water biofilms. Although many different species are found in association with biofilms, their level of association differs. The protozoans
Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites and are found in communities where cells in which they live are found. Viruses are, thus, found in biofilms communities associated with the bacteria, fungi and protozoa they infect.
\nMany phages may produce polysaccharases or polysaccharide lyases. Some phages are also known to produce enzymes that degrade the poly-Q-glutamic acid capsule of
Many biofilms possess an open architecture with water-filled channels, which would allow the phage access to the biofilm interior [36]. As biofilms age and cells die and slough off, potential new viral receptor sites may become available. As bacteria excel at adapting to differing nutrient conditions, changes to the host cell surface could be expected with either loss or gain of possible phage receptors. A further factor which might influence phage retention within biofilms lies in the role of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. In the interaction of a coliphage with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic membranes, a critical factor in the retention of the phage was its iso-electric point [37].
\nIn complex biofilms in natural environments, eukaryotic algae may also be present [38]. Under these circumstances algal cell lysis through viral action is also possible as many viruses for algal species have now been isolated and identified [39].
\nIt is becoming progressively more accepted that biofilm formation is an important cause of morbidity in respiratory tract infections [40]. Biofilms may be involved in some respiratory infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia, bronchiectasis, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis and upper respiratory airway infections [41].
\nInfectious diseases that affect the upper respiratory tract include otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, adenoiditis, pharyngotonsillitis, adenoiditis and chronic rhinosinusitis [42]. In otitis media, infections may be as a result of both respiratory viruses and bacteria such as non-capsulated
The most cited reason for childhood visits to physicians is otitis media with effusion (OME) and is again one of the most reasons for antibiotic therapy in children. Even though OME is regarded as a sterile inflammatory process, current data using a chinchilla model suggest that viable bacteria are present in intricate communities referred to as mucosal biofilms [44]. It is interesting to know that intracellular
Biofilms were seen in the sinus tissues of 72% of patients affected by chronic rhinosinusitis and the cultured organisms identified included
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a protracted disease of the lower respiratory tract. The most frequent serious clinical complication in CF today is chronic endobronchial infection with
A major difficulty in this type of infection is contamination of lower respiratory secretions with the normal oropharyngeal flora, particularly as members of the normal flora (e.g.
The role of biofilms in patients with COPD has not been directly validated but has been hypothesized considering the evidence showing that the respiratory tracts of these patients are frequently colonized by pathogens. Murphy and Kirkham [50] have recently confirmed that biofilms do play a role in COPD where they identified major outer membrane proteins of Non-typeable
In bronchiectasis not due to cystic fibrosis, infections result in changes in the muscular and elastic components of the bronchial wall, which become distorted and expanded. Airways gradually become unable to clear mucus, leading to serious lung infections, which in turn cause more damage to the bronchi [52]. Recently biofilm formation has been demonstrated
Prolonged bacterial bronchitis may be caused by chronic infections of the respiratory tract. In children especially, the condition appears to be secondary to impaired mucociliary removal that produces an environment favorable for bacteria to become established, usually in the form of biofilms. The most commonly involved bacteria include
Diffuse pan-bronchiolitis (DPB) is an unusual inflammatory lung disease of unknown etiology found in adult Japanese patients. With this disease, chronic endobronchial infection with
In device-related infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), biofilms result in microbial persistence and reduced response to treatment. Biofilm formation within the first 24 h after intubation has been reported in 95% of endotracheal tubes [57]. Pathogens in both endotracheal tube biofilm and secretions accrued within the airways/endotracheal tubes in 56 to 70% of patients with VAP have been reported.
This section presents the role of biofilms in respiratory tract infections, with specific emphasis on the biofilms formed by
\n
The adherence of
Non-typeable
\n
\n
\n
In the control of microbial infections, two strategies are normally envisaged; killing the organisms or attenuation of the organisms’ virulence such that they fail to adapt to the host environment. The former approach is what is generally favored; the latter lacks specific targets for rational drug design. It has, however, been realized that Gram-negative bacteria use small molecules known as acyl homoserine lactones to regulate the production of secondary metabolites and virulence factors, and this could offer a novel target to address the strategy of attenuating the organisms’ virulence thereby impairing their adaptation to the host system. Recent research has highlighted the importance of cell-to-cell interactions or communications, referred to as Quorum Sensing (QS), in microorganisms. Many bacterial species employ a complex mechanistic communication system to transmit information among themselves. Bacteria can act in response to a variety of chemical signals produced by the same species along with others produced by other species, and this provides a way for intraspecies and interspecies cross-communication and interruption of signals. The ability of bacteria to dispatch, pull together, and process information allow them to act as “multicellular” organisms and enhance their survival in complex environments [82].
\nAny mechanism capable of disrupting QS signals can be used to reduce survival of the microorganism thereby preventing or reducing virulence in the host environment. Such methods of interruption of the QS include:
Disruption of biosynthesis of signal molecules,
Application of QS antagonists (e.g. use of extracts from higher plants and algae and other chemical compounds),
Chemical inactivation of quorum sensing signals,
Biodegradation of signal molecule.
Agents capable of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms or disrupting the quorum sensing mechanisms of the microorganisms or interrupting the biofilm formation may be useful in the fight against microbial pathogenicity.
\nIt has now become apparent that different types of microorganisms have evolved the ability to recognize and act in response to the presence of other microorganisms in their neighborhood. Most Gram-negative bacteria produce and respond to
The unpleasant side effects of antibiotics (such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with the aminoglycosides) have led to preference for preventive rather than curative approach towards fighting infectious diseases. Inhibition of quorum sensing activity has been hypothesized as one approach that can be useful in preventing bacterial infection. It could provide an additional approach to antibiotic mediated bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity thereby reducing the risk of successful establishment of infections or resistance development in the bacteria. This is supported by the protective effect of QS inhibition demonstrated in animal infection models. A simple animal infection model on QS was launched in
Many bacteria produce AHL molecules in response to QS and so could be used as biomonitor organisms in screening of compounds for anti-QS activity. Such bacteria include
Natural products have been identified to inhibit biofilm formation in microorganisms. The exact mechanism for most of the agents is yet to be elucidated. Medicinal plants have been identified as rich source of bioactive compounds that have the capability of interfering with biofilm formation but most of these studies are still in the early stages of drug development. The anti-biofilm effects of medicinal plants have been proposed to be due to the inhibition of formation of polymer matrix, suppression of cell adhesion and attachment, interruption of extracellular matrix formation and reduction in virulence factors production and activation, thereby blocking QS network and biofilm development [85].
\nMedicinal plants belonging to various plant families reported to have biofilm inhibitory activity are listed in Table 1; the part of the plant (leaves, fruits, stem bark, rhizome) used, the various solvents used for extraction and their ability to inhibit cell adhesion or to eradicate biofilm formed by different pathogens have been mentioned.
\nPlant name | \nFamily | \nPart used | \nSolvent | \nBiofilm inhibition activity | \nReference | \n
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\n | \nLythraceae | \nFruit | \nMethanol | \nInhibit biofilm formation in | \n[86] | \n
\n | \nLamiaceae | \nAerial parts | \nEthanol | \nInhibit biofilm formation by 60.9% at 0.78 mg/mL | \n[87] | \n
\n | \nEricaceae | \nFruit | \nDecoction | \nReducing 47% MRSA biofilm viable counts. 12.5 mg/mL | \n[88] | \n
\n | \nCommelinaceae | \nWhole plant | \nDistilled water | \nInhibited the biofilm formation at 250 μg/mL | \n[89] | \n
\n | \nZingiberaceae | \nRhizome | \nAqueous | \nRemoved 30 to 40% of biofilm at 5–0.63 μg/mL | \n|
\n | \nEuphorbiaceae | \nAerial parts | \nMethanol | \nBiofilm inhibition and eradication activity against | \n[90] | \n
\n | \nCombretaceae | \nDried fruit | \nEthanol | \nInhibition biofilm formation by 89.8 and 92.2% at 125 and 250 μg/mL, respectively | \n[91] | \n
\n | \nMeliaceae | \nLeaf | \nDistilled water | \nReduced biofilm completely by 35% at 5% w/v | \n[92] | \n
\n | \nBurseraceae | \nStem bark | \nDistilled water | \nInhibition of cell adhesion above 80% at 4.0 mg/mL | \n[93] | \n
\n | \nFabaceae | \nFruit | \nDistilled water | \nInhibition of biofilm formation was determined to be 77.8 ± 5.0% at 4.0 mg/mL | \n|
\n | \nTheaceae | \nLeaves | \nEthanol | \nInhibited the cell adhesion by 78.7% 0.5%w/v | \n[94] | \n
Medicinal plants with anti-biofilm activity.
Combatting biofilm and quorum sensing is a good strategy to reduce microbial pathogenicity and thus fight infections. This can be achieved by finding effective agents that can inhibit biofilm formation and disrupt quorum sensing mechanisms. Natural products particularly medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds that have served as useful leads in the development of drugs. Rigorous evaluation of medicinal plants can therefore lead to novel anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing agents.
\nIntechOpen books are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter level.
",metaTitle:"Access policy",metaDescription:"IntechOpen books are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter level",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:null,contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"All IntechOpen published chapters are available OPEN ACCESS can be read without the requirement for registration of any kind, immediately upon publication, without any barrier.
\\n\\nThe HTML version, as well as the PDF version of publications dated before 2012 that are accessible through a reader, are available to readers with no restriction.
\\n\\nThe full content of chapters can be read, copied and printed from the link location of the chapter and these actions are not limited or restricted in any way.
\\n\\nRegistration is requested only to download the PDF of the chapter. There are no subscription fees and there is no charge to user groups.
\\n\\nIntechOpen chapters are distributed under CC BY 3.0 licences allowing users to “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship...” and there is no non-commercial restriction.
\\n\\nAuthors may post published works to any repository or website with no delay, and Authors and Editors of IntechOpen books have direct access to the PDF of the full book.
\\n\\nAll published content can be crawled for indexing. Full text and metadata may be accessed with instructions publicly posted.
\\n\\nAll IntechOpen books are indexed in CLOCKSS and preservation of access to published content is clearly indicated.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2021-02-26
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"All IntechOpen published chapters are available OPEN ACCESS can be read without the requirement for registration of any kind, immediately upon publication, without any barrier.
\n\nThe HTML version, as well as the PDF version of publications dated before 2012 that are accessible through a reader, are available to readers with no restriction.
\n\nThe full content of chapters can be read, copied and printed from the link location of the chapter and these actions are not limited or restricted in any way.
\n\nRegistration is requested only to download the PDF of the chapter. There are no subscription fees and there is no charge to user groups.
\n\nIntechOpen chapters are distributed under CC BY 3.0 licences allowing users to “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship...” and there is no non-commercial restriction.
\n\nAuthors may post published works to any repository or website with no delay, and Authors and Editors of IntechOpen books have direct access to the PDF of the full book.
\n\nAll published content can be crawled for indexing. Full text and metadata may be accessed with instructions publicly posted.
\n\nAll IntechOpen books are indexed in CLOCKSS and preservation of access to published content is clearly indicated.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2021-02-26
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"126408",title:"Prof.",name:"A",middleName:null,surname:"Chaves",slug:"a-chaves",fullName:"A Chaves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal do Ceará",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"116458",title:"Prof.",name:"A. A.",middleName:null,surname:"Minzoni",slug:"a.-a.-minzoni",fullName:"A. A. Minzoni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"105746",title:"Dr.",name:"A.W.M.M.",middleName:null,surname:"Koopman-van Gemert",slug:"a.w.m.m.-koopman-van-gemert",fullName:"A.W.M.M. Koopman-van Gemert",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/105746/images/5803_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Anna Wilhelmina Margaretha Maria Koopman-van Gemert MD, PhD, became anaesthesiologist-intensivist from the Radboud University Nijmegen (the Netherlands) in 1987. She worked for a couple of years also as a blood bank director in Nijmegen and introduced in the Netherlands the Cell Saver and blood transfusion alternatives. She performed research in perioperative autotransfusion and obtained the degree of PhD in 1993 publishing Peri-operative autotransfusion by means of a blood cell separator.\nBlood transfusion had her special interest being the president of the Haemovigilance Chamber TRIP and performing several tasks in local and national blood bank and anticoagulant-blood transfusion guidelines committees. Currently, she is working as an associate professor and up till recently was the dean at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital Dordrecht. She performed (inter)national tasks as vice-president of the Concilium Anaesthesia and related committees. \nShe performed research in several fields, with over 100 publications in (inter)national journals and numerous papers on scientific conferences. \nShe received several awards and is a member of Honour of the Dutch Society of Anaesthesia.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Albert Schweitzer Hospital",country:{name:"Gabon"}}},{id:"90116",title:"Dr.",name:"Aaron",middleName:null,surname:"Flores-Gil",slug:"aaron-flores-gil",fullName:"Aaron Flores-Gil",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Carmen",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"83089",title:"Prof.",name:"Aaron",middleName:null,surname:"Ojule",slug:"aaron-ojule",fullName:"Aaron Ojule",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Port Harcourt",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"295748",title:"Mr.",name:"Abayomi",middleName:null,surname:"Modupe",slug:"abayomi-modupe",fullName:"Abayomi Modupe",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/no_image.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Landmark University",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"119935",title:"Prof.",name:"Abbas",middleName:null,surname:"Dandache",slug:"abbas-dandache",fullName:"Abbas Dandache",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"94191",title:"Prof.",name:"Abbas",middleName:null,surname:"Moustafa",slug:"abbas-moustafa",fullName:"Abbas Moustafa",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94191/images/96_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. Moustafa got his doctoral degree in earthquake engineering and structural safety from Indian Institute of Science in 2002. He is currently an associate professor at Department of Civil Engineering, Minia University, Egypt and the chairman of Department of Civil Engineering, High Institute of Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt. He is also a consultant engineer and head of structural group at Hamza Associates, Giza, Egypt. Dr. Moustafa was a senior research associate at Vanderbilt University and a JSPS fellow at Kyoto and Nagasaki Universities. He has more than 40 research papers published in international journals and conferences. He acts as an editorial board member and a reviewer for several regional and international journals. His research interest includes earthquake engineering, seismic design, nonlinear dynamics, random vibration, structural reliability, structural health monitoring and uncertainty modeling.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Minia University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"84562",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbyssinia",middleName:null,surname:"Mushunje",slug:"abbyssinia-mushunje",fullName:"Abbyssinia Mushunje",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Fort Hare",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"202206",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Abd Elmoniem",middleName:"Ahmed",surname:"Elzain",slug:"abd-elmoniem-elzain",fullName:"Abd Elmoniem Elzain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kassala University",country:{name:"Sudan"}}},{id:"98127",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdallah",middleName:null,surname:"Handoura",slug:"abdallah-handoura",fullName:"Abdallah Handoura",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"École Supérieure des Télécommunications",country:{name:"Morocco"}}},{id:"91404",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdecharif",middleName:null,surname:"Boumaza",slug:"abdecharif-boumaza",fullName:"Abdecharif Boumaza",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Abbès Laghrour University of Khenchela",country:{name:"Algeria"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5822},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5288},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1761},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10549},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:909},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15941}],offset:12,limit:12,total:7049},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{topicId:"300"},books:[],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:28},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:26},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:51},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:0},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9154",title:"Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"313f1dffa803b60a14ff1e6966e93d91",slug:"spinal-deformities-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults",bookSignature:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov and Gokulakannan Kandasamy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9154.jpg",editors:[{id:"94802",title:"Dr.",name:"Josette",middleName:null,surname:"Bettany-Saltikov",slug:"josette-bettany-saltikov",fullName:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7030",title:"Satellite Systems",subtitle:"Design, Modeling, Simulation and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b9db6d2645ef248ceb1b33ea75f38e88",slug:"satellite-systems-design-modeling-simulation-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Tien Nguyen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7030.jpg",editors:[{id:"210657",title:"Dr.",name:"Tien M.",middleName:"Manh",surname:"Nguyen",slug:"tien-m.-nguyen",fullName:"Tien M. Nguyen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10201",title:"Post-Transition Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cc7f53ff5269916e3ce29f65a51a87ae",slug:"post-transition-metals",bookSignature:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, Abdullah Mohammed Asiri, Anish Khan, Inamuddin and Thamer Tabbakh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10201.jpg",editors:[{id:"24438",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed Muzibur",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",slug:"mohammed-muzibur-rahman",fullName:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10413",title:"A Collection of Papers on Chaos Theory and Its Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900b71b164948830fec3d6254b7881f7",slug:"a-collection-of-papers-on-chaos-theory-and-its-applications",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken and Dimo I. Uzunov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10413.jpg",editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9515",title:"Update in Geriatrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"913e16c0ae977474b283bbd4269564c8",slug:"update-in-geriatrics",bookSignature:"Somchai Amornyotin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9515.jpg",editors:[{id:"185484",title:"Prof.",name:"Somchai",middleName:null,surname:"Amornyotin",slug:"somchai-amornyotin",fullName:"Somchai Amornyotin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8148",title:"Investment Strategies in Emerging New Trends in Finance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3b714d96a68d2acdfbd7b50aba6504ca",slug:"investment-strategies-in-emerging-new-trends-in-finance",bookSignature:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar and Asma Salman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8148.jpg",editors:[{id:"91081",title:"Dr.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Gharoie Ahangar",slug:"reza-gharoie-ahangar",fullName:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"206443",title:"Prof.",name:"Asma",middleName:null,surname:"Salman",slug:"asma-salman",fullName:"Asma Salman",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/206443/images/system/206443.png",biography:"Professor Asma Salman is a blockchain developer and Professor of Finance at the American University in the Emirates, UAE. An Honorary Global Advisor at the Global Academy of Finance and Management, USA, she completed her MBA in Finance and Accounting and earned a Ph.D. in Finance from an AACSB member, AMBA accredited, School of Management at Harbin Institute of Technology, China. Her research credentials include a one-year residency at the Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK. Prof. Salman also served as the Dubai Cohort supervisor for DBA students under the Nottingham Business School, UK, for seven years and is currently a Ph.D. supervisor at the University of Northampton, UK, where she is a visiting fellow. She also served on the Board of Etihad Airlines during 2019–2020. One of her recent articles on “Bitcoin and Blockchain” gained wide visibility and she is an active speaker on Fintech, blockchain, and crypto events around the GCC. She holds various professional certifications including Chartered Fintech Professional (USA), Certified Financial Manager (USA), Women in Leadership and Management in Higher Education, (UK), and Taxation GCC VAT Compliance, (UK). She recently won an award for “Blockchain Trainer of the Year” from Berkeley Middle East. Other recognitions include the Women Leadership Impact Award by H.E First Lady of Armenia, Research Excellence Award, and the Global Inspirational Women Leadership Award by H.H Sheikh Juma Bin Maktoum Juma Al Maktoum.",institutionString:"American University in the Emirates",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"American University in the Emirates",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Arab Emirates"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8511",title:"Cyberspace",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8c1cdeb133dbe6cc1151367061c1bba6",slug:"cyberspace",bookSignature:"Evon Abu-Taieh, Abdelkrim El Mouatasim and Issam H. Al Hadid",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8511.jpg",editors:[{id:"223522",title:"Dr.",name:"Evon",middleName:"M.O.",surname:"Abu-Taieh",slug:"evon-abu-taieh",fullName:"Evon Abu-Taieh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5330},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9154",title:"Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"313f1dffa803b60a14ff1e6966e93d91",slug:"spinal-deformities-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults",bookSignature:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov and Gokulakannan Kandasamy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9154.jpg",editors:[{id:"94802",title:"Dr.",name:"Josette",middleName:null,surname:"Bettany-Saltikov",slug:"josette-bettany-saltikov",fullName:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7030",title:"Satellite Systems",subtitle:"Design, Modeling, Simulation and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b9db6d2645ef248ceb1b33ea75f38e88",slug:"satellite-systems-design-modeling-simulation-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Tien Nguyen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7030.jpg",editors:[{id:"210657",title:"Dr.",name:"Tien M.",middleName:"Manh",surname:"Nguyen",slug:"tien-m.-nguyen",fullName:"Tien M. Nguyen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10201",title:"Post-Transition Metals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cc7f53ff5269916e3ce29f65a51a87ae",slug:"post-transition-metals",bookSignature:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, Abdullah Mohammed Asiri, Anish Khan, Inamuddin and Thamer Tabbakh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10201.jpg",editors:[{id:"24438",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed Muzibur",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",slug:"mohammed-muzibur-rahman",fullName:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10413",title:"A Collection of Papers on Chaos Theory and Its Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900b71b164948830fec3d6254b7881f7",slug:"a-collection-of-papers-on-chaos-theory-and-its-applications",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken and Dimo I. Uzunov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10413.jpg",editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9515",title:"Update in Geriatrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"913e16c0ae977474b283bbd4269564c8",slug:"update-in-geriatrics",bookSignature:"Somchai Amornyotin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9515.jpg",editors:[{id:"185484",title:"Prof.",name:"Somchai",middleName:null,surname:"Amornyotin",slug:"somchai-amornyotin",fullName:"Somchai Amornyotin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8148",title:"Investment Strategies in Emerging New Trends in Finance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3b714d96a68d2acdfbd7b50aba6504ca",slug:"investment-strategies-in-emerging-new-trends-in-finance",bookSignature:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar and Asma Salman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8148.jpg",editors:[{id:"91081",title:"Dr.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Gharoie Ahangar",slug:"reza-gharoie-ahangar",fullName:"Reza Gharoie Ahangar"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"206443",title:"Prof.",name:"Asma",middleName:null,surname:"Salman",slug:"asma-salman",fullName:"Asma Salman",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/206443/images/system/206443.png",biography:"Professor Asma Salman is a blockchain developer and Professor of Finance at the American University in the Emirates, UAE. An Honorary Global Advisor at the Global Academy of Finance and Management, USA, she completed her MBA in Finance and Accounting and earned a Ph.D. in Finance from an AACSB member, AMBA accredited, School of Management at Harbin Institute of Technology, China. Her research credentials include a one-year residency at the Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK. Prof. Salman also served as the Dubai Cohort supervisor for DBA students under the Nottingham Business School, UK, for seven years and is currently a Ph.D. supervisor at the University of Northampton, UK, where she is a visiting fellow. She also served on the Board of Etihad Airlines during 2019–2020. One of her recent articles on “Bitcoin and Blockchain” gained wide visibility and she is an active speaker on Fintech, blockchain, and crypto events around the GCC. She holds various professional certifications including Chartered Fintech Professional (USA), Certified Financial Manager (USA), Women in Leadership and Management in Higher Education, (UK), and Taxation GCC VAT Compliance, (UK). She recently won an award for “Blockchain Trainer of the Year” from Berkeley Middle East. Other recognitions include the Women Leadership Impact Award by H.E First Lady of Armenia, Research Excellence Award, and the Global Inspirational Women Leadership Award by H.H Sheikh Juma Bin Maktoum Juma Al Maktoum.",institutionString:"American University in the Emirates",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"American University in the Emirates",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Arab Emirates"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9559",title:"Teamwork in Healthcare",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0053c2ff8d9ec4cc4aab82acea46a41e",slug:"teamwork-in-healthcare",bookSignature:"Michael S. Firstenberg and Stanislaw P. Stawicki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9559.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"64343",title:null,name:"Michael S.",middleName:null,surname:"Firstenberg",slug:"michael-s.-firstenberg",fullName:"Michael S. Firstenberg"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7016",title:"Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7937d2c640c7515de372282c72ee5635",slug:"cardiovascular-risk-factors-in-pathology",bookSignature:"Alaeddin Abukabda, Maria Suciu and Minodora Andor",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7016.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"307873",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Alaeddin",middleName:null,surname:"Abukabda",slug:"alaeddin-abukabda",fullName:"Alaeddin Abukabda"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9873",title:"Strategies of Sustainable Solid Waste Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"59b5ceeeedaf7449a30629923569388c",slug:"strategies-of-sustainable-solid-waste-management",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9873.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam M.",middleName:"M.",surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-m.-saleh",fullName:"Hosam M. Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9893",title:"Automation and Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"09ba24f6ac88af7f0aaff3029714ae48",slug:"automation-and-control",bookSignature:"Constantin Voloşencu, Serdar Küçük, José Guerrero and Oscar Valero",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9893.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10405",title:"River Basin Management",subtitle:"Sustainability Issues and Planning Strategies",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e5ddd0f2eda107ce19c4c06a55a8351",slug:"river-basin-management-sustainability-issues-and-planning-strategies",bookSignature:"José Simão Antunes Do Carmo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10405.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67904",title:"Prof.",name:"José Simão",middleName:null,surname:"Antunes Do Carmo",slug:"jose-simao-antunes-do-carmo",fullName:"José Simão Antunes Do Carmo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9515",title:"Update in Geriatrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"913e16c0ae977474b283bbd4269564c8",slug:"update-in-geriatrics",bookSignature:"Somchai Amornyotin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9515.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"185484",title:"Prof.",name:"Somchai",middleName:null,surname:"Amornyotin",slug:"somchai-amornyotin",fullName:"Somchai Amornyotin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9021",title:"Novel Perspectives of Stem Cell Manufacturing and Therapies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"522c6db871783d2a11c17b83f1fd4e18",slug:"novel-perspectives-of-stem-cell-manufacturing-and-therapies",bookSignature:"Diana Kitala and Ana Colette Maurício",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9021.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"203598",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Diana",middleName:null,surname:"Kitala",slug:"diana-kitala",fullName:"Diana Kitala"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7030",title:"Satellite Systems",subtitle:"Design, Modeling, Simulation and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b9db6d2645ef248ceb1b33ea75f38e88",slug:"satellite-systems-design-modeling-simulation-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Tien Nguyen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7030.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"210657",title:"Dr.",name:"Tien M.",middleName:"Manh",surname:"Nguyen",slug:"tien-m.-nguyen",fullName:"Tien M. Nguyen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10413",title:"A Collection of Papers on Chaos Theory and Its Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900b71b164948830fec3d6254b7881f7",slug:"a-collection-of-papers-on-chaos-theory-and-its-applications",bookSignature:"Paul Bracken and Dimo I. Uzunov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10413.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9154",title:"Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"313f1dffa803b60a14ff1e6966e93d91",slug:"spinal-deformities-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults",bookSignature:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov and Gokulakannan Kandasamy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9154.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"94802",title:"Dr.",name:"Josette",middleName:null,surname:"Bettany-Saltikov",slug:"josette-bettany-saltikov",fullName:"Josette Bettany-Saltikov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"92",title:"Information and Knowledge Engineering",slug:"information-and-knowledge-engineering",parent:{title:"Computer and Information Science",slug:"computer-and-information-science"},numberOfBooks:38,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:776,numberOfWosCitations:703,numberOfCrossrefCitations:560,numberOfDimensionsCitations:1027,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"information-and-knowledge-engineering",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"8779",title:"Linked Open Data",subtitle:"Applications, Trends and Future Developments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5860ff20764f7549ff218e9d5e112fef",slug:"linked-open-data-applications-trends-and-future-developments",bookSignature:"Kingsley Okoye",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8779.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"219803",title:"Dr.",name:"Kingsley",middleName:null,surname:"Okoye",slug:"kingsley-okoye",fullName:"Kingsley Okoye"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7780",title:"Ontological Analyses in Science, Technology and Informatics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"72c8b15505d4716d94f299061496ef48",slug:"ontological-analyses-in-science-technology-and-informatics",bookSignature:"Andino Maseleno and Marini Othman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7780.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"219663",title:"Dr.",name:"Andino",middleName:null,surname:"Maseleno",slug:"andino-maseleno",fullName:"Andino Maseleno"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8850",title:"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"25ef9074be50f4e5c1f6cb7298e1b68d",slug:"harnessing-knowledge-innovation-and-competence-in-engineering-of-mission-critical-systems",bookSignature:"Ali G. Hessami",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8850.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"108303",title:"Prof.",name:"Ali G.",middleName:null,surname:"Hessami",slug:"ali-g.-hessami",fullName:"Ali G. Hessami"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8141",title:"Social Media and Machine Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"155aa6c54dc411b5d2a1498f10f9417e",slug:"social-media-and-machine-learning",bookSignature:"Alberto Cano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8141.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"200724",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Cano",slug:"alberto-cano",fullName:"Alberto Cano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9470",title:"Open Scientific Data",subtitle:"Why Choosing and Reusing the RIGHT DATA Matters",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"898ef46a10e74ff18d1253b5200741ab",slug:"open-scientific-data-why-choosing-and-reusing-the-right-data-matters",bookSignature:"Vera J. Lipton",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9470.jpg",editedByType:"Authored by",editors:[{id:"307100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vera",middleName:null,surname:"Lipton",slug:"vera-lipton",fullName:"Vera Lipton"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"3",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}},{type:"book",id:"5844",title:"Ontology in Information Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"922bcfea0d27e7e004542ce3adca6d20",slug:"ontology-in-information-science",bookSignature:"Ciza Thomas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5844.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"43680",title:"Prof.",name:"Ciza",middleName:null,surname:"Thomas",slug:"ciza-thomas",fullName:"Ciza Thomas"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5144",title:"Big Data on Real-World Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5c942ece49d87df7900f18463c798f26",slug:"big-data-on-real-world-applications",bookSignature:"Sebastian Ventura Soto, José M. Luna and Alberto Cano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5144.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4792",title:"E-Learning",subtitle:"Instructional Design, Organizational Strategy and Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"09c4d63ffc09c72a13ab15b442a9c2b6",slug:"e-learning-instructional-design-organizational-strategy-and-management",bookSignature:"Boyka Gradinarova",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4792.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"78424",title:"Dr.",name:"Boyka",middleName:null,surname:"Gradinarova",slug:"boyka-gradinarova",fullName:"Boyka Gradinarova"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2746",title:"Theory and Applications for Advanced Text Mining",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ed74b8719e654014932e764fe1e57816",slug:"theory-and-applications-for-advanced-text-mining",bookSignature:"Shigeaki Sakurai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2746.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"150787",title:"Prof.",name:"Shigeaki",middleName:null,surname:"Sakurai",slug:"shigeaki-sakurai",fullName:"Shigeaki Sakurai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2203",title:"Data Acquisition Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"370ab36f6990188147fc3c2c758a9307",slug:"data-acquisition-applications",bookSignature:"Zdravko Karakehayov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2203.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"140529",title:"Prof.",name:"Zdravko",middleName:null,surname:"Karakehayov",slug:"zdravko-karakehayov",fullName:"Zdravko Karakehayov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2506",title:"Modern Information Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3e0a4cfa7da4c373806375837fac00f7",slug:"modern-information-systems",bookSignature:"Christos Kalloniatis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2506.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"219671",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Christos",middleName:null,surname:"Kalloniatis",slug:"christos-kalloniatis",fullName:"Christos Kalloniatis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2505",title:"Innovative Information Systems Modelling Techniques",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6a88e4e4e63736e2bc6c4ba010a27883",slug:"innovative-information-systems-modelling-techniques",bookSignature:"Christos Kalloniatis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2505.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"219671",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Christos",middleName:null,surname:"Kalloniatis",slug:"christos-kalloniatis",fullName:"Christos Kalloniatis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:38,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"38735",doi:"10.5772/51066",title:"Biomedical Named Entity Recognition: A Survey of Machine-Learning Tools",slug:"biomedical-named-entity-recognition-a-survey-of-machine-learning-tools",totalDownloads:4715,totalCrossrefCites:18,totalDimensionsCites:31,book:{slug:"theory-and-applications-for-advanced-text-mining",title:"Theory and Applications for Advanced Text Mining",fullTitle:"Theory and Applications for Advanced Text Mining"},signatures:"David Campos, Sérgio Matos and José Luís Oliveira",authors:[{id:"72193",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Oliveira",slug:"jose-luis-oliveira",fullName:"Jose Luis Oliveira"},{id:"152991",title:"Dr.",name:"Sérgio",middleName:null,surname:"Matos",slug:"sergio-matos",fullName:"Sérgio Matos"},{id:"152992",title:"MSc.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Campos",slug:"david-campos",fullName:"David Campos"}]},{id:"13173",doi:"10.5772/13222",title:"Glucose Prediction in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Data Driven Techniques",slug:"glucose-prediction-in-type-1-and-type-2-diabetic-patients-using-data-driven-techniques",totalDownloads:3223,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:24,book:{slug:"knowledge-oriented-applications-in-data-mining",title:"Knowledge-Oriented Applications in Data Mining",fullTitle:"Knowledge-Oriented Applications in Data Mining"},signatures:"Eleni I. Georga, Vasilios C. Protopappas and Dimitrios I. Fotiadis",authors:[{id:"14138",title:"Prof.",name:"Eleni",middleName:null,surname:"Georga",slug:"eleni-georga",fullName:"Eleni Georga"},{id:"16827",title:"Dr.",name:"Vasilios C.",middleName:null,surname:"Protopappas",slug:"vasilios-c.-protopappas",fullName:"Vasilios C. Protopappas"},{id:"16828",title:"Prof",name:"Dimitrios",middleName:null,surname:"Fotiadis",slug:"dimitrios-fotiadis",fullName:"Dimitrios Fotiadis"}]},{id:"13162",doi:"10.5772/13683",title:"Data Mining Using RFM Analysis",slug:"data-mining-using-rfm-analysis",totalDownloads:21102,totalCrossrefCites:12,totalDimensionsCites:24,book:{slug:"knowledge-oriented-applications-in-data-mining",title:"Knowledge-Oriented Applications in Data Mining",fullTitle:"Knowledge-Oriented Applications in Data Mining"},signatures:"Derya Birant",authors:[{id:"15609",title:"Dr.",name:"Derya",middleName:null,surname:"Birant",slug:"derya-birant",fullName:"Derya Birant"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"37307",title:"Cyber Security",slug:"cybersecurity-in-the-real-world-implications-and-applications",totalDownloads:2274,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"security-enhanced-applications-for-information-systems",title:"Security Enhanced Applications for Information Systems",fullTitle:"Security Enhanced Applications for Information Systems"},signatures:"Barry Lunt, Dale Rowe and Joseph Ekstrom",authors:[{id:"110690",title:"Prof.",name:"Barry",middleName:null,surname:"Lunt",slug:"barry-lunt",fullName:"Barry Lunt"},{id:"124554",title:"Prof.",name:"Joseph",middleName:null,surname:"Ekstrom",slug:"joseph-ekstrom",fullName:"Joseph Ekstrom"},{id:"124555",title:"Prof.",name:"Dale",middleName:null,surname:"Rowe",slug:"dale-rowe",fullName:"Dale Rowe"}]},{id:"65993",title:"Automatic Speech Emotion Recognition Using Machine Learning",slug:"automatic-speech-emotion-recognition-using-machine-learning",totalDownloads:2749,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:20,book:{slug:"social-media-and-machine-learning",title:"Social Media and Machine Learning",fullTitle:"Social Media and Machine Learning"},signatures:"Leila Kerkeni, Youssef Serrestou, Mohamed Mbarki, Kosai Raoof, Mohamed Ali Mahjoub and Catherine Cleder",authors:[{id:"247090",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Leila",middleName:null,surname:"Kerkeni",slug:"leila-kerkeni",fullName:"Leila Kerkeni"}]},{id:"38040",title:"A Semantic-Based Framework for Summarization and Page Segmentation in Web Mining",slug:"a-semantic-based-framework-for-summarization-and-page-segmentation-in-web-mining",totalDownloads:4140,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"theory-and-applications-for-advanced-text-mining",title:"Theory and Applications for Advanced Text Mining",fullTitle:"Theory and Applications for Advanced Text Mining"},signatures:"Alessio Leoncini, Fabio Sangiacomo, Paolo Gastaldo and Rodolfo Zunino",authors:[{id:"151894",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Alessio",middleName:null,surname:"Leoncini",slug:"alessio-leoncini",fullName:"Alessio Leoncini"},{id:"153061",title:"MSc.",name:"Fabio",middleName:null,surname:"Sangiacomo",slug:"fabio-sangiacomo",fullName:"Fabio Sangiacomo"},{id:"153062",title:"Prof.",name:"Paolo",middleName:null,surname:"Gastaldo",slug:"paolo-gastaldo",fullName:"Paolo Gastaldo"},{id:"153064",title:"Prof.",name:"Rodolfo",middleName:null,surname:"Zunino",slug:"rodolfo-zunino",fullName:"Rodolfo Zunino"}]},{id:"51248",title:"Medical Big Data Analysis in Hospital Information System",slug:"medical-big-data-analysis-in-hospital-information-system",totalDownloads:2928,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:6,book:{slug:"big-data-on-real-world-applications",title:"Big Data on Real-World Applications",fullTitle:"Big Data on Real-World Applications"},signatures:"Jing-Song Li, Yi-Fan Zhang and Yu Tian",authors:[{id:"16649",title:"Dr.",name:"Jing-Song",middleName:null,surname:"Li",slug:"jing-song-li",fullName:"Jing-Song Li"},{id:"184262",title:"Ms.",name:"Yi-Fan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"yi-fan-zhang",fullName:"Yi-Fan Zhang"},{id:"184263",title:"Dr.",name:"Yu",middleName:null,surname:"Tian",slug:"yu-tian",fullName:"Yu Tian"}]},{id:"69743",title:"Literature Review on Big Data Analytics Methods",slug:"literature-review-on-big-data-analytics-methods",totalDownloads:791,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"social-media-and-machine-learning",title:"Social Media and Machine Learning",fullTitle:"Social Media and Machine Learning"},signatures:"Iman Raeesi Vanani and Setareh Majidian",authors:[{id:"296037",title:"Mrs.",name:"Setareh",middleName:null,surname:"Majidian",slug:"setareh-majidian",fullName:"Setareh Majidian"},{id:"296039",title:"Dr.",name:"Iman",middleName:null,surname:"Raeesi Vanaei",slug:"iman-raeesi-vanaei",fullName:"Iman Raeesi Vanaei"}]},{id:"48924",title:"Effective eLearning and eTeaching — A Theoretical Model",slug:"effective-elearning-and-eteaching-a-theoretical-model",totalDownloads:2022,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:3,book:{slug:"e-learning-instructional-design-organizational-strategy-and-management",title:"E-Learning",fullTitle:"E-Learning - Instructional Design, Organizational Strategy and Management"},signatures:"Maureen Snow Andrade",authors:[{id:"96902",title:"Dr.",name:"Maureen",middleName:null,surname:"Snow Andrade",slug:"maureen-snow-andrade",fullName:"Maureen Snow Andrade"}]},{id:"51173",title:"Introduction to Big Data in Education and Its Contribution to the Quality Improvement Processes",slug:"introduction-to-big-data-in-education-and-its-contribution-to-the-quality-improvement-processes",totalDownloads:3163,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:6,book:{slug:"big-data-on-real-world-applications",title:"Big Data on Real-World Applications",fullTitle:"Big Data on Real-World Applications"},signatures:"Christos Vaitsis, Vasilis Hervatis and Nabil Zary",authors:[{id:"178487",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Christos",middleName:null,surname:"Vaitsis",slug:"christos-vaitsis",fullName:"Christos Vaitsis"},{id:"179404",title:"MSc.",name:"Vasilis",middleName:null,surname:"Hervatis",slug:"vasilis-hervatis",fullName:"Vasilis Hervatis"},{id:"179405",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Nabil",middleName:null,surname:"Zary",slug:"nabil-zary",fullName:"Nabil Zary"}]},{id:"59449",title:"Examples of Ontology Model Usage in Engineering Fields",slug:"examples-of-ontology-model-usage-in-engineering-fields",totalDownloads:1410,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"ontology-in-information-science",title:"Ontology in Information Science",fullTitle:"Ontology in Information Science"},signatures:"Larysa Globa, Rina Novogrudska, Alexander Koval and Vyacheslav\nSenchenko",authors:[{id:"105085",title:"Prof.",name:"Larysa",middleName:null,surname:"Globa",slug:"larysa-globa",fullName:"Larysa Globa"},{id:"219895",title:"Dr.",name:"Rina",middleName:null,surname:"Novogrudska",slug:"rina-novogrudska",fullName:"Rina Novogrudska"},{id:"219896",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Koval",slug:"alexander-koval",fullName:"Alexander Koval"},{id:"221967",title:"Dr.",name:"Vyacheslav",middleName:null,surname:"Senchenko",slug:"vyacheslav-senchenko",fullName:"Vyacheslav Senchenko"}]},{id:"13162",title:"Data Mining Using RFM Analysis",slug:"data-mining-using-rfm-analysis",totalDownloads:21102,totalCrossrefCites:12,totalDimensionsCites:24,book:{slug:"knowledge-oriented-applications-in-data-mining",title:"Knowledge-Oriented Applications in Data Mining",fullTitle:"Knowledge-Oriented Applications in Data Mining"},signatures:"Derya Birant",authors:[{id:"15609",title:"Dr.",name:"Derya",middleName:null,surname:"Birant",slug:"derya-birant",fullName:"Derya Birant"}]},{id:"50926",title:"Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes among Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients in the United States",slug:"real-world-treatment-patterns-and-outcomes-among-elderly-acute-myeloid-leukemia-patients-in-the-unit",totalDownloads:1655,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"big-data-on-real-world-applications",title:"Big Data on Real-World Applications",fullTitle:"Big Data on Real-World Applications"},signatures:"Sacha Satram- Hoang, Carolina Reyes, Deborah Hurst, Khang Q.\nHoang and Bruno C. Medeiros",authors:[{id:"178750",title:"Dr.",name:"Sacha",middleName:null,surname:"Satram-Hoang",slug:"sacha-satram-hoang",fullName:"Sacha Satram-Hoang"},{id:"184759",title:"Dr.",name:"Carolina",middleName:null,surname:"Reyes",slug:"carolina-reyes",fullName:"Carolina Reyes"},{id:"184760",title:"Dr.",name:"Deborah",middleName:null,surname:"Hurst",slug:"deborah-hurst",fullName:"Deborah Hurst"},{id:"184761",title:"Dr.",name:"Khang",middleName:null,surname:"Hoang",slug:"khang-hoang",fullName:"Khang Hoang"},{id:"184762",title:"Dr.",name:"Bruno",middleName:null,surname:"Medeiros",slug:"bruno-medeiros",fullName:"Bruno Medeiros"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"information-and-knowledge-engineering",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10176",title:"Microgrids and Local Energy Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c32b4a5351a88f263074b0d0ca813a9c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nick Jenkins",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10176.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55219",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",middleName:null,surname:"Jenkins",slug:"nick-jenkins",fullName:"Nick Jenkins"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:8,limit:8,total:1},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/267530/cesar-reyes-reyes",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"267530",slug:"cesar-reyes-reyes"},fullPath:"/profiles/267530/cesar-reyes-reyes",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()