\\n\\n
More than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\\n\\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\\n\\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\\n\\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\\n\\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\\n\\n\\n\\n
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
Simba Information has released its Open Access Book Publishing 2020 - 2024 report and has again identified IntechOpen as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\n\nSimba Information is a leading provider for market intelligence and forecasts in the media and publishing industry. The report, published every year, provides an overview and financial outlook for the global professional e-book publishing market.
\n\nIntechOpen, De Gruyter, and Frontiers are the largest OA book publishers by title count, with IntechOpen coming in at first place with 5,101 OA books published, a good 1,782 titles ahead of the nearest competitor.
\n\nSince the first Open Access Book Publishing report published in 2016, IntechOpen has held the top stop each year.
\n\n\n\nMore than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\n\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\n\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\n\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\n\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\n\n\n\n
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-authors-included-in-the-highly-cited-researchers-list-for-2020-20210121",title:"IntechOpen Authors Included in the Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020"},{slug:"intechopen-maintains-position-as-the-world-s-largest-oa-book-publisher-20201218",title:"IntechOpen Maintains Position as the World’s Largest OA Book Publisher"},{slug:"all-intechopen-books-available-on-perlego-20201215",title:"All IntechOpen Books Available on Perlego"},{slug:"oiv-awards-recognizes-intechopen-s-editors-20201127",title:"OIV Awards Recognizes IntechOpen's Editors"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-crossref-s-initiative-for-open-abstracts-i4oa-to-boost-the-discovery-of-research-20201005",title:"IntechOpen joins Crossref's Initiative for Open Abstracts (I4OA) to Boost the Discovery of Research"},{slug:"intechopen-hits-milestone-5-000-open-access-books-published-20200908",title:"IntechOpen hits milestone: 5,000 Open Access books published!"},{slug:"intechopen-books-hosted-on-the-mathworks-book-program-20200819",title:"IntechOpen Books Hosted on the MathWorks Book Program"},{slug:"intechopen-s-chapter-awarded-the-guenther-von-pannewitz-preis-2020-20200715",title:"IntechOpen's Chapter Awarded the Günther-von-Pannewitz-Preis 2020"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"8912",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Biochemical Analysis Tools - Methods for Bio-Molecules Studies",title:"Biochemical Analysis Tools",subtitle:"Methods for Bio-Molecules Studies",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book explores the role of nucleic acid analysis and the advances it has led to in the field of life sciences. The first section is a collection of chapters covering experimental methods used in molecular biology, the techniques adjacent to these methods, and the steps of analysis before and after obtaining raw DNA data. The second section deals with the principles of chromatography, method development, sample preparation, and industrial applications.",isbn:"978-1-78984-857-1",printIsbn:"978-1-78984-856-4",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-903-4",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.82530",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"biochemical-analysis-tools-methods-for-bio-molecules-studies",numberOfPages:206,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,hash:"10a6269502e58eda525718afec8e667e",bookSignature:"Oana-Maria Boldura, Cornel Baltă and Nasser Sayed Awwad",publishedDate:"June 24th 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8912.jpg",numberOfDownloads:5086,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:2,numberOfDimensionsCitations:2,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:4,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 27th 2018",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"January 29th 2019",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"March 30th 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"June 18th 2019",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"August 17th 2019",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,editors:[{id:"189429",title:"Prof.",name:"Oana-Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Boldura",slug:"oana-maria-boldura",fullName:"Oana-Maria Boldura",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189429/images/system/189429.jpg",biography:"Oana-Maria Boldura is licensed in Genetic Engineering with specialization in Molecular Biology (2005), Master\\'s Degree in Genetic Manipulation (2007) and Pharmacy (2014), and PhD in Biotechnology field (2010). From 2015 she has been an Assistant Professor at Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and researcher at ,,Horia Cernescu” Research Unit. Her main scientific competences are in the field of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, Genomics and Biosecurity with technical aptitudes in manipulation and experimentation with nucleic acid and proteins (purification, sequencing, gene expression studies, SDS-PAGE analysis of proteins fractions, ,,Lab-on-chip” electrophoresis, Immunological Testing). Her areas of interest are Molecular Forensic Methods and Apoptotic Process Pathways.",institutionString:"Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"222863",title:"Dr.",name:"Cornel",middleName:null,surname:"Balta",slug:"cornel-balta",fullName:"Cornel Balta",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/222863/images/system/222863.jpg",biography:"Dr. Cornel Baltă, MD, DVM, is a licensed veterinarian with both\na PhD and MD in Veterinary Medicine. He is a researcher at the\nInstitute of Life Sciences, at “Vasile Goldis” Western University\nArad, Romania. Dr. Baltă’s main scientific competences are in\nthe fields of laboratory animals, molecular biology, physiology,\nhistology, and clinical Laboratory. He has technical aptitudes in\nnucleic acid examination by electrophoresis techniques, PCR and\nqPCR, and qualitative and quantitative determination of proteins by Western Blot\nand microelectrophoresis. His areas of interest include molecular mechanisms involved in the evolution of liver and gastrointestinal diseases, and bone regeneration\nand remodeling using different types of polymers.",institutionString:'"Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad',position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},coeditorTwo:{id:"145209",title:"Prof.",name:"Prof Nasser",middleName:"S",surname:"Awwad",slug:"prof-nasser-awwad",fullName:"Prof Nasser Awwad",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/145209/images/system/145209.jpg",biography:"Dr. Nasser S. Awwad has a PhD in inorganic and radiochemistry (2000) from Ain Shams University and a post-doctorate degree at Sandia National Labs, New Mexico, USA, 2004. Nasser Awwad was an Associate Professor of radiochemistry in 2006 and Professor of inorganic and radiochemistry in 2011 at the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority. He has been a Professor at King Khalid University, Abha, KSA from 2011 to now. He has published two chapters in the following books ”Natural Gas - Extraction to End Use” and 'Advances in Petrochemicals”. He has been the editor for six books about: uranium, new trends in nuclear sciences, dyes in industry and lanthanides, and nuclear power plants. In addition, he has published 94 papers in ISI journals. He supervised 4 PhD and 16 MSc students in the field of radioactive and wastewater treatment. He participated in 25 international conferences in South Korea, USA, Lebanon, KSA, Egypt and India. He participated in 6 large projects with KACST at KSA and Sandia National Labs at USA on the conditioning of radioactive sealed sources and wastewater treatment. He has been the leader of many research groups about the utilization of nanomaterials for treatment of inorganic and organic pollutants and has also been a member of some research groups. He is a member of the Arab Society of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine and is a member of the Egyptian Society for Nuclear Sciences and its applications. He is on the editorial board of the Journal of Energy and Environmental Research and Technology. He is a rapporteur of the Permanent Committee for Nuclear and Radiological Protection at King Khalid University and a member of the Committee for the Development of International Cooperation Management at KKU.",institutionString:"King Khalid University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"4",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:{name:"King Khalid University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"43",title:"Biochemistry",slug:"biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology-biochemistry"}],chapters:[{id:"71721",title:"Latest Implications of Next-Gen Sequencing in Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.92068",slug:"latest-implications-of-next-gen-sequencing-in-diagnosis-of-acute-and-chronic-myeloid-leukemia",totalDownloads:222,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Oana Maria Boldura, Cristina Petrine, Alin Mihu and Cornel Balta",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/71721",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/71721",authors:[{id:"189429",title:"Prof.",name:"Oana-Maria",surname:"Boldura",slug:"oana-maria-boldura",fullName:"Oana-Maria Boldura"},{id:"222863",title:"Dr.",name:"Cornel",surname:"Balta",slug:"cornel-balta",fullName:"Cornel Balta"},{id:"316272",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristina",surname:"Petrine",slug:"cristina-petrine",fullName:"Cristina Petrine"},{id:"316273",title:"Dr.",name:"Alin",surname:"Mihu",slug:"alin-mihu",fullName:"Alin Mihu"}],corrections:null},{id:"66704",title:"Biological Evidence Analysis in Cases of Sexual Assault",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.82164",slug:"biological-evidence-analysis-in-cases-of-sexual-assault",totalDownloads:644,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Benito Ramos González, Miranda Córdova Mercado, Orlando Salas Salas, Juan Carlos Hernández Reyes, Martín Guardiola Ramos, Elton Solis Esquivel, Gerardo Castellanos Aguilar and Porfirio Diaz Torres",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/66704",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/66704",authors:[{id:"88480",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Benito",surname:"Ramos-González",slug:"benito-ramos-gonzalez",fullName:"Benito Ramos-González"},{id:"271333",title:"BSc.",name:"Miranda",surname:"Córdova Mercado",slug:"miranda-cordova-mercado",fullName:"Miranda Córdova Mercado"},{id:"271335",title:"BSc.",name:"Juan Carlos",surname:"Hernández Reyes",slug:"juan-carlos-hernandez-reyes",fullName:"Juan Carlos Hernández Reyes"},{id:"271336",title:"MSc.",name:"Mártin",surname:"Guardiola Ramos",slug:"martin-guardiola-ramos",fullName:"Mártin Guardiola Ramos"},{id:"271337",title:"Dr.",name:"Elton",surname:"Solis Esquivel",slug:"elton-solis-esquivel",fullName:"Elton Solis Esquivel"},{id:"271338",title:"BSc.",name:"Gerardo",surname:"Castellanos Aguilar",slug:"gerardo-castellanos-aguilar",fullName:"Gerardo Castellanos Aguilar"},{id:"271339",title:"MSc.",name:"Porfirio",surname:"Díaz Torres",slug:"porfirio-diaz-torres",fullName:"Porfirio Díaz Torres"},{id:"271340",title:"BSc.",name:"Orlando",surname:"Salas Salas",slug:"orlando-salas-salas",fullName:"Orlando Salas Salas"}],corrections:null},{id:"67852",title:"DNA Sequencing Resolves Misdiagnosed and Rare Genetic Disorders",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.86556",slug:"dna-sequencing-resolves-misdiagnosed-and-rare-genetic-disorders",totalDownloads:256,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Alice Abdel Aleem",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/67852",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/67852",authors:[{id:"289784",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Alice",surname:"Abdel Aleem",slug:"alice-abdel-aleem",fullName:"Alice Abdel Aleem"}],corrections:null},{id:"69756",title:"Molecular Tools for Gene Analysis in Fission Yeast",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.84896",slug:"molecular-tools-for-gene-analysis-in-fission-yeast",totalDownloads:312,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Irma Pilar Herrera-Camacho, Lourdes Millán-Pérez-Peña, Francisca Sosa-Jurado, Nancy Martínez-Montiel, Rebeca Débora Martínez-Contreras and Nora Hilda Rosas Murrieta",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69756",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69756",authors:[{id:"86998",title:"Prof.",name:"Irma",surname:"Herrera-Camacho",slug:"irma-herrera-camacho",fullName:"Irma Herrera-Camacho"},{id:"169522",title:"Dr.",name:"Lourdes",surname:"Millán-Pérez-Peña",slug:"lourdes-millan-perez-pena",fullName:"Lourdes Millán-Pérez-Peña"},{id:"169523",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisca",surname:"Sosa-Jurado",slug:"francisca-sosa-jurado",fullName:"Francisca Sosa-Jurado"},{id:"174538",title:"Dr.",name:"Nora-Hilda",surname:"Rosas-Murrieta",slug:"nora-hilda-rosas-murrieta",fullName:"Nora-Hilda Rosas-Murrieta"},{id:"174818",title:"Dr.",name:"Rebeca D.",surname:"Martínez-Contreras",slug:"rebeca-d.-martinez-contreras",fullName:"Rebeca D. Martínez-Contreras"},{id:"174819",title:"MSc.",name:"Nancy",surname:"Martínez-Montiel",slug:"nancy-martinez-montiel",fullName:"Nancy Martínez-Montiel"}],corrections:null},{id:"69570",title:"Detection of the Species Composition of Food Using Mitochondrial DNA: Challenges and Possibilities of a Modern Laboratory",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89579",slug:"detection-of-the-species-composition-of-food-using-mitochondrial-dna-challenges-and-possibilities-of",totalDownloads:200,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Małgorzata Natonek-Wiśniewska and Piotr Krzyścin",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69570",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69570",authors:[{id:"304480",title:"Dr.",name:"Małgorzata",surname:"Natonek-Wiśniewska",slug:"malgorzata-natonek-wisniewska",fullName:"Małgorzata Natonek-Wiśniewska"},{id:"309474",title:"Dr.",name:"Piotr",surname:"Krzyścin",slug:"piotr-krzyscin",fullName:"Piotr Krzyścin"}],corrections:null},{id:"68722",title:"Molecular Markers and Their Optimization: Addressing the Problems of Nonhomology Using Decapod COI Gene",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.86993",slug:"molecular-markers-and-their-optimization-addressing-the-problems-of-nonhomology-using-decapod-coi-ge",totalDownloads:271,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Deepak Jose and Mahadevan Harikrishnan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68722",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68722",authors:[{id:"293863",title:"Dr.",name:"Deepak",surname:"Jose",slug:"deepak-jose",fullName:"Deepak Jose"},{id:"293867",title:"Prof.",name:"Harikrishnan",surname:"Mahadevan",slug:"harikrishnan-mahadevan",fullName:"Harikrishnan Mahadevan"}],corrections:null},{id:"71889",title:"Ambient Biobanking Solutions for Whole Blood Sampling, Transportation, and Extraction",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91995",slug:"ambient-biobanking-solutions-for-whole-blood-sampling-transportation-and-extraction",totalDownloads:191,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Armaity Nasarabadi Fouts, Alejandro Romero, James Nelson, Mike Hogan and Shanavaz Nasarabadi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/71889",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/71889",authors:[{id:"311399",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Shanavaz",surname:"Nasarabadi",slug:"shanavaz-nasarabadi",fullName:"Shanavaz Nasarabadi"},{id:"312331",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",surname:"Hogan",slug:"michael-hogan",fullName:"Michael Hogan"},{id:"316859",title:"Mrs.",name:"Armaity",surname:"Fouts",slug:"armaity-fouts",fullName:"Armaity Fouts"},{id:"316860",title:"Mr.",name:"Alejandro",surname:"Romero",slug:"alejandro-romero",fullName:"Alejandro Romero"},{id:"316873",title:"Dr.",name:"James",surname:"Nelson",slug:"james-nelson",fullName:"James Nelson"}],corrections:null},{id:"72074",title:"The Chemistry Behind Plant DNA Isolation Protocols",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.92206",slug:"the-chemistry-behind-plant-dna-isolation-protocols",totalDownloads:951,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Jina Heikrujam, Rajkumar Kishor and Pranab Behari Mazumder",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/72074",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/72074",authors:[{id:"74521",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajkumar",surname:"Kishor",slug:"rajkumar-kishor",fullName:"Rajkumar Kishor"},{id:"309357",title:"Prof.",name:"Pranab Behari",surname:"Mazumder",slug:"pranab-behari-mazumder",fullName:"Pranab Behari Mazumder"},{id:"318351",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Jina",surname:"Heikrujam",slug:"jina-heikrujam",fullName:"Jina Heikrujam"}],corrections:null},{id:"69775",title:"Principles of Chromatography Method Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89501",slug:"principles-of-chromatography-method-development",totalDownloads:1537,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,signatures:"Narasimha S. Lakka and Chandrasekar Kuppan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69775",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69775",authors:[{id:"304950",title:"Prof.",name:"Chandrasekar",surname:"Kuppan",slug:"chandrasekar-kuppan",fullName:"Chandrasekar Kuppan"},{id:"309984",title:"Mr.",name:"Narasimha S",surname:"Lakka",slug:"narasimha-s-lakka",fullName:"Narasimha S Lakka"}],corrections:null},{id:"68865",title:"Online Automated Micro Sample Preparation for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89079",slug:"online-automated-micro-sample-preparation-for-high-performance-liquid-chromatography",totalDownloads:344,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Hiroyuki Kataoka, Atsushi Ishizaki and Keita Saito",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68865",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68865",authors:[{id:"88155",title:"Prof.",name:"Hiroyuki",surname:"Kataoka",slug:"hiroyuki-kataoka",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kataoka"},{id:"308808",title:"MSc.",name:"Atsushi",surname:"Ishuzaki",slug:"atsushi-ishuzaki",fullName:"Atsushi Ishuzaki"},{id:"308809",title:"Dr.",name:"Keita",surname:"Saito",slug:"keita-saito",fullName:"Keita Saito"}],corrections:null},{id:"67828",title:"Preparation, Characterization and Ion-Exchange Properties of an Organic-Inorganic Composite Cation Exchanger: Polyaniline-Bi(III) Iodovanadate and Catalytic Properties of Bi(III) Iodovanadate Inorganic Ion Exchanger",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.87064",slug:"preparation-characterization-and-ion-exchange-properties-of-an-organic-inorganic-composite-cation-ex",totalDownloads:161,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Nainar Kohila, Kasi Sathiyaseelan and Mariyathanislas Sagaya Lourdhu Sumithra",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/67828",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/67828",authors:[{id:"302929",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Sathiyaseelan",surname:"K",slug:"sathiyaseelan-k",fullName:"Sathiyaseelan K"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6621",title:"Electrophoresis",subtitle:"Life Sciences Practical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f56a7cec216143862d31daab30431b44",slug:"electrophoresis-life-sciences-practical-applications",bookSignature:"Oana-Maria Boldura and Cornel Baltă",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6621.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"189429",title:"Prof.",name:"Oana-Maria",surname:"Boldura",slug:"oana-maria-boldura",fullName:"Oana-Maria Boldura"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9057",title:"Cellular Metabolism and Related Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7e65b3987fb8ae8eb483224fadd5fac7",slug:"cellular-metabolism-and-related-disorders",bookSignature:"Jesmine Khan and Po-Shiuan Hsieh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9057.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"140755",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesmine",surname:"Khan",slug:"jesmine-khan",fullName:"Jesmine Khan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8176",title:"DNA Methylation Mechanism",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1de018af20c3e9916b5a9b4fed13a4ff",slug:"dna-methylation-mechanism",bookSignature:"Metin Budak and Mustafa Yıldız",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8176.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"226275",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Metin",surname:"Budak",slug:"metin-budak",fullName:"Metin Budak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7004",title:"Metabolomics",subtitle:"New Insights into Biology and Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"35a30d8241442b716a4aab830b6de28f",slug:"metabolomics-new-insights-into-biology-and-medicine",bookSignature:"Wael N. Hozzein",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7004.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"189233",title:"Prof.",name:"Wael N.",surname:"Hozzein",slug:"wael-n.-hozzein",fullName:"Wael N. Hozzein"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10111",title:"Apolipoproteins, Triglycerides and Cholesterol",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"29ed0d776c8e3b2af0e50b3c4cf5e415",slug:"apolipoproteins-triglycerides-and-cholesterol",bookSignature:"Viduranga Y. Waisundara and Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10111.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"194281",title:"Dr.",name:"Viduranga Yashasvi",surname:"Waisundara",slug:"viduranga-yashasvi-waisundara",fullName:"Viduranga Yashasvi Waisundara"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"65668",slug:"corrigendum-to-clinical-applications-of-mesenchymal-stromal-cells-mscs-in-orthopedic-diseases",title:"Corrigendum to: Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in Orthopedic Diseases",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/65668.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/65668",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/65668",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/65668",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/65668",chapter:{id:"61187",slug:"clinical-applications-of-mesenchymal-stromal-cells-mscs-in-orthopedic-diseases",signatures:"Jiazhao Yang, Shiyuan Fang, Lei Xu, Li Li, Kai Xie, Jinsen Lu, Hao\nWang, Xujin Wang and Lixin Kan",dateSubmitted:"December 5th 2017",dateReviewed:"March 29th 2018",datePrePublished:"November 5th 2018",datePublished:"January 23rd 2019",book:{id:"6658",title:"Stromal Cells",subtitle:"Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Implications",fullTitle:"Stromal Cells - Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Implications",slug:"stromal-cells-structure-function-and-therapeutic-implications",publishedDate:"January 23rd 2019",bookSignature:"Mani T. Valarmathi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6658.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",middleName:null,surname:"Valarmathi",slug:"mani-t.-valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null}},chapter:{id:"61187",slug:"clinical-applications-of-mesenchymal-stromal-cells-mscs-in-orthopedic-diseases",signatures:"Jiazhao Yang, Shiyuan Fang, Lei Xu, Li Li, Kai Xie, Jinsen Lu, Hao\nWang, Xujin Wang and Lixin Kan",dateSubmitted:"December 5th 2017",dateReviewed:"March 29th 2018",datePrePublished:"November 5th 2018",datePublished:"January 23rd 2019",book:{id:"6658",title:"Stromal Cells",subtitle:"Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Implications",fullTitle:"Stromal Cells - Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Implications",slug:"stromal-cells-structure-function-and-therapeutic-implications",publishedDate:"January 23rd 2019",bookSignature:"Mani T. Valarmathi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6658.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",middleName:null,surname:"Valarmathi",slug:"mani-t.-valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null},book:{id:"6658",title:"Stromal Cells",subtitle:"Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Implications",fullTitle:"Stromal Cells - Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Implications",slug:"stromal-cells-structure-function-and-therapeutic-implications",publishedDate:"January 23rd 2019",bookSignature:"Mani T. Valarmathi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6658.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",middleName:null,surname:"Valarmathi",slug:"mani-t.-valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"10830",leadTitle:null,title:"Animal Feed Science",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book will be a self-contained collection of scholarly papers targeting an audience of practicing researchers, academics, PhD students and other scientists. The contents of the book will be written by multiple authors and edited by experts in the field.",isbn:null,printIsbn:null,pdfIsbn:null,doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6091426454b1c484f4d38efc722d6dd",bookSignature:"",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 25th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"December 16th 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"February 14th 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"May 5th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"July 4th 2021",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"a month",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:1,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:null,coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"25",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",slug:"veterinary-medicine-and-science"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7144",title:"Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"75cdacb570e0e6d15a5f6e69640d87c9",slug:"veterinary-anatomy-and-physiology",bookSignature:"Catrin Sian Rutland and Valentina Kubale",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7144.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"878",title:"Phytochemicals",subtitle:"A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ec77671f63975ef2d16192897deb6835",slug:"phytochemicals-a-global-perspective-of-their-role-in-nutrition-and-health",bookSignature:"Venketeshwer Rao",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/878.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"82663",title:"Dr.",name:"Venketeshwer",surname:"Rao",slug:"venketeshwer-rao",fullName:"Venketeshwer Rao"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4816",title:"Face Recognition",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"146063b5359146b7718ea86bad47c8eb",slug:"face_recognition",bookSignature:"Kresimir Delac and Mislav Grgic",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4816.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"13530",title:"Mass Transfer in Multiphase Mechanically Agitated Systems",doi:"10.5772/15558",slug:"mass-transfer-in-multiphase-mechanically-agitated-systems",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/13530.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/13530",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/13530",totalDownloads:5889,totalViews:138,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"June 11th 2010",dateReviewed:"September 13th 2010",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"February 11th 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/13530",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/13530",book:{slug:"mass-transfer-in-multiphase-systems-and-its-applications"},signatures:"Anna Kiełbus-Rąpała and Joanna Karcz",authors:[{id:"17202",title:"Dr.",name:"Joanna",middleName:null,surname:"Karcz",fullName:"Joanna Karcz",slug:"joanna-karcz",email:"Joanna.Karcz@zut.edu.pl",position:null,institution:null},{id:"21262",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Kiełbus-Rąpała",fullName:"Anna Kiełbus-Rąpała",slug:"anna-kielbus-rapala",email:"kielbus@zut.edu.pl",position:null,institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"61",title:"Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications",slug:"mass-transfer-in-multiphase-systems-and-its-applications",publishedDate:"February 11th 2011",bookSignature:"Mohamed El-Amin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/61.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"17141",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:"F.",surname:"El-Amin",slug:"mohamed-el-amin",fullName:"Mohamed El-Amin"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"13526",title:"Mass and Heat Transfer During Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media - Theory and Modeling",slug:"mass-and-heat-transfer-during-two-phase-flow-in-porous-media-theory-and-modeling",totalDownloads:2886,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jennifer Niessner and S. Majid Hassanizadeh",authors:[{id:"17421",title:"Dr.",name:"Jennifer",middleName:null,surname:"Niessner",fullName:"Jennifer Niessner",slug:"jennifer-niessner"},{id:"21479",title:"Dr.",name:"S. Majid",middleName:null,surname:"Hassanizadeh",fullName:"S. Majid Hassanizadeh",slug:"s.-majid-hassanizadeh"}]},{id:"13527",title:"Solute Transport With Chemical Reaction in Singleand Multi-Phase Flow in Porous Media",slug:"solute-transport-with-chemical-reaction-in-singleand-multi-phase-flow-in-porous-media",totalDownloads:2449,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"M.F. El-Amin, Amgad Salama and Shuyu Sun",authors:[{id:"17141",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:"F.",surname:"El-Amin",fullName:"Mohamed El-Amin",slug:"mohamed-el-amin"},{id:"20395",title:"Prof.",name:"Amgad",middleName:null,surname:"Salama",fullName:"Amgad Salama",slug:"amgad-salama"},{id:"20396",title:"Prof.",name:"Shuyu",middleName:null,surname:"Sun",fullName:"Shuyu Sun",slug:"shuyu-sun"}]},{id:"13528",title:"Multiphase Modelling of Thermomechanical Behaviour of Early-Age Silicate Composites",slug:"multiphase-modelling-of-thermomechanical-behaviour-of-early-age-silicate-composites",totalDownloads:1928,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Jiri Vala",authors:[{id:"17365",title:"Prof.",name:"Jiri",middleName:null,surname:"Vala",fullName:"Jiri Vala",slug:"jiri-vala"}]},{id:"13529",title:"Surfactant Transfer in Multiphase Liquid Systems under Conditions of Weak Gravitational Convection",slug:"surfactant-transfer-in-multiphase-liquid-systems-under-conditions-of-weak-gravitational-convection",totalDownloads:1603,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Konstantin Kostarev, Andrew Shmyrov, Andrew Zuev and Antonio Viviani",authors:[{id:"14946",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Viviani",fullName:"Antonio Viviani",slug:"antonio-viviani"},{id:"18938",title:"Dr.",name:"Konstantin",middleName:null,surname:"Kostarev",fullName:"Konstantin Kostarev",slug:"konstantin-kostarev"},{id:"18939",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Zuev",fullName:"Andrew Zuev",slug:"andrew-zuev"},{id:"19691",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Shmyrov",fullName:"Andrew Shmyrov",slug:"andrew-shmyrov"}]},{id:"13530",title:"Mass Transfer in Multiphase Mechanically Agitated Systems",slug:"mass-transfer-in-multiphase-mechanically-agitated-systems",totalDownloads:5889,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Anna Kiełbus-Rąpała and Joanna Karcz",authors:[{id:"17202",title:"Dr.",name:"Joanna",middleName:null,surname:"Karcz",fullName:"Joanna Karcz",slug:"joanna-karcz"},{id:"21262",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Kiełbus-Rąpała",fullName:"Anna Kiełbus-Rąpała",slug:"anna-kielbus-rapala"}]},{id:"13531",title:"Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in an Unbaffled Vessel Agitated by Unsteadily Forward-Reverse Rotating Multiple Impellers",slug:"gas-liquid-mass-transfer-in-an-unbaffled-vessel-agitated-by-unsteadily-forward-reverse-rotating-mult",totalDownloads:3748,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Masanori Yoshida, Kazuaki Yamagiwa, Akira Ohkawa and Shuichi Tezura",authors:[{id:"16942",title:"Dr.",name:"Masanori",middleName:null,surname:"Yoshida",fullName:"Masanori Yoshida",slug:"masanori-yoshida"}]},{id:"13532",title:"Toward a Multiphase Local Approach in the Modeling of Flotation and Mass Transferin Gas-Liquid Contacting Systems",slug:"toward-a-multiphase-local-approach-in-the-modeling-of-flotation-and-mass-transferin-gas-liquid-conta",totalDownloads:1945,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Jamel Chahed and Kamel M'Rabet",authors:[{id:"18044",title:"Dr.",name:"Jamel",middleName:null,surname:"Chahed",fullName:"Jamel Chahed",slug:"jamel-chahed"},{id:"20911",title:"Prof.",name:"Kamel",middleName:null,surname:"M’Rabet",fullName:"Kamel M’Rabet",slug:"kamel-m'rabet"}]},{id:"13533",title:"Mass Transfer in Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in a Tube and in Channels of Complex Configuration",slug:"mass-transfer-in-two-phase-gas-liquid-flow-in-a-tube-and-in-channels-of-complex-configuration",totalDownloads:4999,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Nikolay Pecherkin and Vladimir Chekhovich",authors:[{id:"19085",title:"Dr.",name:"Nikolay",middleName:null,surname:"Pecherkin",fullName:"Nikolay Pecherkin",slug:"nikolay-pecherkin"},{id:"20208",title:"Dr.",name:"Vladimir",middleName:null,surname:"Chekhovich",fullName:"Vladimir Chekhovich",slug:"vladimir-chekhovich"}]},{id:"13534",title:"Mixed Convection Heat and Mass Transfer with Phase Change and Flow Reversal in Channels",slug:"mixed-convection-heat-and-mass-transfer-with-phase-change-and-flow-reversal-in-channels",totalDownloads:4759,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Brahim Benhamou, Othmane Oulaid, Mohamed Aboudou Kassim and Nicolas Galanis",authors:[{id:"19702",title:"Dr.",name:"Brahim",middleName:null,surname:"Benhamou",fullName:"Brahim Benhamou",slug:"brahim-benhamou"},{id:"20263",title:"Dr.",name:"Othmane",middleName:null,surname:"Oulaid",fullName:"Othmane Oulaid",slug:"othmane-oulaid"},{id:"20264",title:"PhD Student",name:"Mohammed Aboudou",middleName:null,surname:"Kassim",fullName:"Mohammed Aboudou Kassim",slug:"mohammed-aboudou-kassim"},{id:"20265",title:"Prof.",name:"Nicolas",middleName:null,surname:"Galanis",fullName:"Nicolas Galanis",slug:"nicolas-galanis"}]},{id:"13535",title:"Liquid-Liquid Extraction with and without a Chemical Reaction",slug:"liquid-liquid-extraction-with-and-without-a-chemical-reaction",totalDownloads:14299,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Claudia Irina Koncsag and Alina Barbulescu",authors:[{id:"16422",title:"Dr.",name:"Alina",middleName:null,surname:"Barbulescu",fullName:"Alina Barbulescu",slug:"alina-barbulescu"},{id:"20029",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudia Irina",middleName:null,surname:"Koncsag",fullName:"Claudia Irina Koncsag",slug:"claudia-irina-koncsag"}]},{id:"13536",title:"Modeling Enhanced Diffusion Mass Transfer in Metals during Mechanical Alloying",slug:"modeling-enhanced-diffusion-mass-transfer-in-metals-during-mechanical-alloying",totalDownloads:2720,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Boris B. Khina and Grigoriy F. Lovshenko",authors:[{id:"16980",title:"Dr.",name:"Boris B.",middleName:null,surname:"Khina",fullName:"Boris B. Khina",slug:"boris-b.-khina"},{id:"16983",title:"Dr.",name:"Grigoriy F.",middleName:null,surname:"Lovshenko",fullName:"Grigoriy F. Lovshenko",slug:"grigoriy-f.-lovshenko"}]},{id:"13537",title:"Mass Transfer in Steelmaking Operations",slug:"mass-transfer-in-steelmaking-operations",totalDownloads:3991,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Roberto Parreiras Tavares",authors:[{id:"16403",title:"Prof.",name:"Roberto",middleName:"Parreiras",surname:"Tavares",fullName:"Roberto Tavares",slug:"roberto-tavares"}]},{id:"13538",title:"Effect of Surface Tension on Mass Transfer Devices",slug:"effect-of-surface-tension-on-mass-transfer-devices",totalDownloads:6410,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Honda (Hung-Ta) Wu and Tsair-Wang Chung",authors:[{id:"18660",title:"Dr.",name:"Honda (Hung-Ta)",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",fullName:"Honda (Hung-Ta) Wu",slug:"honda-(hung-ta)-wu"},{id:"20138",title:"Prof.",name:"Tsair-Wang",middleName:null,surname:"Chung",fullName:"Tsair-Wang Chung",slug:"tsair-wang-chung"}]},{id:"13539",title:"Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient for Wood Drying Curves Predictions",slug:"overall-mass-transfer-coefficient-for-wood-drying-curves-predictions",totalDownloads:4248,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rubén A. Ananias, Laurent Chrusciel, André Zoulalian, Carlos Salinas-Lira and Eric Mougel",authors:[{id:"17265",title:"Prof.",name:"Ruben",middleName:"A.",surname:"Ananias",fullName:"Ruben Ananias",slug:"ruben-ananias"},{id:"20049",title:"Dr.",name:"Laurent",middleName:null,surname:"Chrusciel",fullName:"Laurent Chrusciel",slug:"laurent-chrusciel"},{id:"20050",title:"Dr.",name:"André",middleName:null,surname:"Zoulalian",fullName:"André Zoulalian",slug:"andre-zoulalian"},{id:"20051",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Salinas-Lira",fullName:"Carlos Salinas-Lira",slug:"carlos-salinas-lira"},{id:"20052",title:"Dr.",name:"Eric",middleName:null,surname:"Mougel",fullName:"Eric Mougel",slug:"eric-mougel"}]},{id:"13540",title:"Transport Phenomena in Paper and Wood-Based Panels Production",slug:"transport-phenomena-in-paper-and-wood-based-panels-production",totalDownloads:3141,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Helena Aguilar Ribeiro, Luisa Carvalho, Jorge Martins and Carlos Costa",authors:[{id:"17903",title:"Dr.",name:"Helena",middleName:null,surname:"Aguilar Ribeiro",fullName:"Helena Aguilar Ribeiro",slug:"helena-aguilar-ribeiro"},{id:"20710",title:"Dr.",name:"Luisa",middleName:null,surname:"Carvalho",fullName:"Luisa Carvalho",slug:"luisa-carvalho"},{id:"20711",title:"Prof.",name:"Jorge",middleName:null,surname:"Martins",fullName:"Jorge Martins",slug:"jorge-martins"},{id:"20712",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Costa",fullName:"Carlos Costa",slug:"carlos-costa"}]},{id:"13541",title:"Control of Polymorphism and Mass-Transfer in Al2O3 Scale Formed by Oxidation of Alumina-Forming Alloys",slug:"control-of-polymorphism-and-mass-transfer-in-al2o3-scale-formed-by-oxidation-of-alumina-forming-allo",totalDownloads:2454,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Satoshi Kitaoka, Tsuneaki Matsudaira and Masashi Wada",authors:[{id:"17072",title:"Dr.",name:"Satoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Kitaoka",fullName:"Satoshi Kitaoka",slug:"satoshi-kitaoka"},{id:"17080",title:"Dr.",name:"Tsuneaki",middleName:null,surname:"Matsudaira",fullName:"Tsuneaki Matsudaira",slug:"tsuneaki-matsudaira"},{id:"17081",title:"Dr.",name:"Masashi",middleName:null,surname:"Wada",fullName:"Masashi Wada",slug:"masashi-wada"}]},{id:"13542",title:"Mass Transfer Investigation of Organic Acid Exatraction with Trioctylamine and Aliquat 336 Dissolved in Various Solvents",slug:"mass-transfer-investigation-of-organic-acid-exatraction-with-trioctylamine-and-aliquat-336-dissolved",totalDownloads:4307,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Monwar Hossain",authors:[{id:"18207",title:"Prof.",name:"Md Monwar",middleName:null,surname:"Hossain",fullName:"Md Monwar Hossain",slug:"md-monwar-hossain"}]},{id:"13543",title:"New Approaches for Theoretical Estimation of Mass Transfer Parameters in Both Gas-Liquid and Slurry Bubble Columns",slug:"new-approaches-for-theoretical-estimation-of-mass-transfer-parameters-in-both-gas-liquid-and-slurry-",totalDownloads:5836,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Stoyan Nedeltchev and Adrian Schumpe",authors:[{id:"18592",title:"Dr.",name:"Stoyan",middleName:null,surname:"Nedeltchev",fullName:"Stoyan Nedeltchev",slug:"stoyan-nedeltchev"},{id:"21442",title:"Dr.",name:"Adrian",middleName:null,surname:"Schumpe",fullName:"Adrian Schumpe",slug:"adrian-schumpe"}]},{id:"13544",title:"Influence of Mass Transfer and Kinetics on Biodiesel Production Process",slug:"influence-of-mass-transfer-and-kinetics-on-biodiesel-production-process",totalDownloads:5714,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Ida Poljanšek and Blaž Likozar",authors:[{id:"21672",title:"Prof.",name:"Ida",middleName:null,surname:"Poljansek",fullName:"Ida Poljansek",slug:"ida-poljansek"},{id:"22218",title:"Prof.",name:"Janvit",middleName:null,surname:"Golob",fullName:"Janvit Golob",slug:"janvit-golob"},{id:"22219",title:"Prof.",name:"Blaž",middleName:null,surname:"Likozar",fullName:"Blaž Likozar",slug:"blaz-likozar"}]},{id:"13545",title:"Condensation Capture of Fine Dust in Jet Scrubbers",slug:"condensation-capture-of-fine-dust-in-jet-scrubbers",totalDownloads:2023,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"M.I. Shilyaev and E.M. Khromova",authors:[{id:"18168",title:"Prof.",name:"Michail Ivanovich",middleName:null,surname:"Shilyaev",fullName:"Michail Ivanovich Shilyaev",slug:"michail-ivanovich-shilyaev"}]},{id:"13546",title:"Mass Transfer in Filtration Combustion Processes",slug:"mass-transfer-in-filtration-combustion-processes",totalDownloads:2112,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"David Lempert, Sergei Glazov and Georgy Manelis",authors:[{id:"18042",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Lempert",fullName:"David Lempert",slug:"david-lempert"}]},{id:"13547",title:"Mass Transfer in Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane for As and Hg Removal from Produced Water in Upstream Petroleum Operation in the Gulf of Thailand",slug:"mass-transfer-in-hollow-fiber-supported-liquid-membrane-for-as-and-hg-removal-from-produced-water-in",totalDownloads:2542,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"U. Pancharoen, A.W. Lothongkum and S. Chaturabul",authors:[{id:"16502",title:"Prof.",name:"Ura",middleName:null,surname:"Pancharoen",fullName:"Ura Pancharoen",slug:"ura-pancharoen"}]},{id:"13548",title:"Mass Transfer in Fluidized Bed Drying of Moist Particulate",slug:"mass-transfer-in-fluidized-bed-drying-of-moist-particulate",totalDownloads:9357,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Yassir T. Makkawi and Raffaella Ocone",authors:[{id:"16956",title:"Dr.",name:"Yassir",middleName:"Taha",surname:"Makkawi",fullName:"Yassir Makkawi",slug:"yassir-makkawi"},{id:"20080",title:"Prof.",name:"Raffaella",middleName:null,surname:"Ocone",fullName:"Raffaella Ocone",slug:"raffaella-ocone"}]},{id:"13549",title:"Simulation Studies on the Coupling Process of Heat/Mass Transfer in a Metal Hydride Reactor",slug:"simulation-studies-on-the-coupling-process-of-heat-mass-transfer-in-a-metal-hydride-reactor",totalDownloads:1892,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Fusheng Yang and Zaoxiao Zhang",authors:[{id:"17936",title:"Prof.",name:"Zaoxiao",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Zaoxiao Zhang",slug:"zaoxiao-zhang"},{id:"20005",title:"Dr.",name:"Fusheng",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",fullName:"Fusheng Yang",slug:"fusheng-yang"}]},{id:"13550",title:"Mass Transfer around Active Particles in Fluidized Beds",slug:"mass-transfer-around-active-particles-in-fluidized-beds",totalDownloads:4529,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Fabrizio Scala",authors:[{id:"17940",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabrizio",middleName:null,surname:"Scala",fullName:"Fabrizio Scala",slug:"fabrizio-scala"}]},{id:"13551",title:"Mass Transfer Phenomena and Biological Membranes",slug:"mass-transfer-phenomena-and-biological-membranes",totalDownloads:3160,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Parvin Zakeri-Milani and Hadi Valizadeh",authors:[{id:"17166",title:"Prof.",name:"Parvin",middleName:null,surname:"Zakeri-Milani",fullName:"Parvin Zakeri-Milani",slug:"parvin-zakeri-milani"},{id:"19860",title:"Dr.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Valizadeh",fullName:"Hadi Valizadeh",slug:"hadi-valizadeh"}]},{id:"13552",title:"Heat and Mass Transfer in Packed Bed Drying of Shrinking Particles",slug:"heat-and-mass-transfer-in-packed-bed-drying-of-shrinking-particles",totalDownloads:5696,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Manoel Marcelo do Prado and Dermeval José Mazzini Sartori",authors:[{id:"19095",title:"Dr.",name:"Dermeval",middleName:null,surname:"Sartori",fullName:"Dermeval Sartori",slug:"dermeval-sartori"},{id:"19105",title:"Dr.",name:"Manoel Marcelo",middleName:null,surname:"Do Prado",fullName:"Manoel Marcelo Do Prado",slug:"manoel-marcelo-do-prado"}]},{id:"13553",title:"Impact of Mass Transfer on Modelling and Simulation of Reactive Distillation Columns",slug:"impact-of-mass-transfer-on-modelling-and-simulation-of-reactive-distillation-columns",totalDownloads:2907,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Zuzana Švandová, Jozef Markoš and Ľudovít Jelemenský",authors:[{id:"12119",title:"Dr.",name:"Jozef",middleName:null,surname:"Markoš",fullName:"Jozef Markoš",slug:"jozef-markos"}]},{id:"13554",title:"Mass Transfer through Catalytic Membrane Reactor",slug:"mass-transfer-through-catalytic-membrane-reactor",totalDownloads:3386,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Nagy Endre",authors:[{id:"19732",title:"Dr.",name:"Endre",middleName:null,surname:"Nagy",fullName:"Endre Nagy",slug:"endre-nagy"}]},{id:"13555",title:"Mass Transfer in Bioreactors",slug:"mass-transfer-in-bioreactors",totalDownloads:10414,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Ma. del Carmen Chávez, Linda V. González, Mayra Ruiz, Ma. de la Luz X. Negrete, Oscar Martín Hernández and Eleazar M. Escamilla",authors:[{id:"22291",title:"Dr.",name:"Eleazar M.",middleName:null,surname:"Escamilla Silva",fullName:"Eleazar M. Escamilla Silva",slug:"eleazar-m.-escamilla-silva"}]},{id:"13556",title:"Analytical Solutions of Mass Transfer around a Prolate or an Oblate Spheroid Immersed in a Packed Bed",slug:"analytical-solutions-of-mass-transfer-around-a-prolate-or-an-oblate-spheroid-immersed-in-a-packed-be",totalDownloads:2168,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"J.M.P.Q. Delgado and M. Vázquez da Silva",authors:[{id:"17110",title:"Dr.",name:"João",middleName:null,surname:"Delgado",fullName:"João Delgado",slug:"joao-delgado"},{id:"23772",title:"Dr.",name:"Marta",middleName:null,surname:"Vázquez Da Silva",fullName:"Marta Vázquez Da Silva",slug:"marta-vazquez-da-silva"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1286",title:"Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bfd4251cf260812c5a9e80f3a1c7a9a",slug:"advanced-topics-in-mass-transfer",bookSignature:"Mohamed El-Amin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1286.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"17141",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed",surname:"El-Amin",slug:"mohamed-el-amin",fullName:"Mohamed El-Amin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"13604",title:"Mass-Transfer Characteristics of a Double-Y-Type Microchannel Device",slug:"mass-transfer-characteristics-of-a-double-y-type-microchannel-device",signatures:"Susumu Nii",authors:[{id:"20084",title:"Dr.",name:"Susumu",middleName:null,surname:"Nii",fullName:"Susumu Nii",slug:"susumu-nii"}]},{id:"13605",title:"Turbulent Buoyant Jet of a Low-Density Gas Leaks into High-Density Ambient: Hydrogen Leakage in Air",slug:"turbulent-buoyant-jet-of-a-low-density-gas-leaks-into-high-density-ambient-hydrogen-leakage-in-air",signatures:"M.F. El-Amin and Shuyu Sun",authors:[{id:"17141",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:"F.",surname:"El-Amin",fullName:"Mohamed El-Amin",slug:"mohamed-el-amin"},{id:"24052",title:"Prof.",name:"S",middleName:null,surname:"Sun",fullName:"S Sun",slug:"s-sun"}]},{id:"13606",title:"Turbulence Control in Comb-like and Random Jet Array Stirring Systems",slug:"turbulence-control-in-comb-like-and-random-jet-array-stirring-systems",signatures:"S. Delbos, E. Chassaing, P. P. Grand, V. Weitbrecht and T. Bleninger",authors:[{id:"19032",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastien",middleName:null,surname:"Delbos",fullName:"Sebastien Delbos",slug:"sebastien-delbos"},{id:"19035",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisabeth",middleName:null,surname:"Chassaing",fullName:"Elisabeth Chassaing",slug:"elisabeth-chassaing"},{id:"23849",title:"Dr.",name:"Pierre-Philippe",middleName:null,surname:"Grand",fullName:"Pierre-Philippe Grand",slug:"pierre-philippe-grand"},{id:"23850",title:"Dr.",name:"Volker",middleName:null,surname:"Weitbrecht",fullName:"Volker Weitbrecht",slug:"volker-weitbrecht"},{id:"23851",title:"Dr.",name:"Tobias",middleName:null,surname:"Bleninger",fullName:"Tobias Bleninger",slug:"tobias-bleninger"}]},{id:"13607",title:"Application of Airborne Sound Waves to Mass Transfer Enhancement",slug:"application-of-airborne-sound-waves-to-mass-transfer-enhancement",signatures:"Sergey V. Komarov",authors:[{id:"18142",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey V.",middleName:null,surname:"Komarov",fullName:"Sergey V. Komarov",slug:"sergey-v.-komarov"}]},{id:"13608",title:"Mass-Transfer in the Dusty Plasma as a Strongly Coupled Dissipative System: Simulations and Experiments",slug:"mass-transfer-in-the-dusty-plasma-as-a-strongly-coupled-dissipative-system-simulations-and-experimen",signatures:"Xeniya Koss, Olga Vaulina, Oleg Petrov and Vladimir Fortov",authors:[{id:"20381",title:"Dr.",name:"Xeniya",middleName:null,surname:"Koss",fullName:"Xeniya Koss",slug:"xeniya-koss"},{id:"20385",title:"Dr.",name:"Olga",middleName:null,surname:"Vaulina",fullName:"Olga Vaulina",slug:"olga-vaulina"},{id:"20386",title:"Dr.",name:"Oleg",middleName:null,surname:"Petrov",fullName:"Oleg Petrov",slug:"oleg-petrov"},{id:"20387",title:"Dr.",name:"Vladimir",middleName:null,surname:"Fortov",fullName:"Vladimir Fortov",slug:"vladimir-fortov"}]},{id:"13609",title:"Forced Convection Mass-Transfer Enhancement in Mixing Systems",slug:"forced-convection-mass-transfer-enhancement-in-mixing-systems",signatures:"Rafał Rakoczy and Stanisław Masiuk",authors:[{id:"18639",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanisław",middleName:null,surname:"Masiuk",fullName:"Stanisław Masiuk",slug:"stanislaw-masiuk"},{id:"20232",title:"Dr.",name:"Rafał",middleName:null,surname:"Rakoczy",fullName:"Rafał Rakoczy",slug:"rafal-rakoczy"}]},{id:"13610",title:"Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Past an Infinite Vertical Plate in a Porous Medium with Thermal Radiation, Heat Generation/Absorption and Chemical Reaction",slug:"unsteady-magnetohydrodynamic-convective-heat-and-mass-transfer-past-an-infinite-vertical-plate-in-a-",signatures:"Stanford Shateyi and Sandile Motsa",authors:[{id:"16056",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanford",middleName:null,surname:"Shateyi",fullName:"Stanford Shateyi",slug:"stanford-shateyi"}]},{id:"13611",title:"Mass Transfer, and Effects of Magnetic Fields on the Mass Transfer in Close Binary System",slug:"mass-transfer-and-effects-of-magnetic-fields-on-the-mass-transfer-in-close-binary-system",signatures:"Davood Manzoori",authors:[{id:"17040",title:"MSc.",name:"Davood",middleName:null,surname:"Manzoori",fullName:"Davood Manzoori",slug:"davood-manzoori"}]},{id:"13612",title:"A Mass Transfer Study with Electrolytic Gas Production",slug:"a-mass-transfer-study-with-electrolytic-gas-production",signatures:"Eudésio O. Vilar, Eliane B.Cavalcanti and Izabelle L.T. Albuquerque",authors:[{id:"20654",title:"Dr.",name:"Eudesio",middleName:"Oliveira",surname:"Vilar",fullName:"Eudesio Vilar",slug:"eudesio-vilar"},{id:"20656",title:"Dr.",name:"Eliane",middleName:null,surname:"B. Cavalcanti",fullName:"Eliane B. Cavalcanti",slug:"eliane-b.-cavalcanti"},{id:"20657",title:"MSc.",name:"Izabelle L.T.",middleName:null,surname:"Albuquerque",fullName:"Izabelle L.T. Albuquerque",slug:"izabelle-l.t.-albuquerque"}]},{id:"13613",title:"Mass Transfer Equation and Hydrodynamic Effects in Erosion-Corrosion",slug:"mass-transfer-equation-and-hydrodynamic-effects-in-erosion-corrosion",signatures:"A. Yabuki",authors:[{id:"16323",title:"Dr.",name:"Akihiro",middleName:null,surname:"Yabuki",fullName:"Akihiro Yabuki",slug:"akihiro-yabuki"}]},{id:"13614",title:"Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Heterogeneous Systems",slug:"hydrodynamics-and-mass-transfer-in-heterogeneous-systems",signatures:"Radmila Garić-Grulovic, Nevenka Bošković-Vragolović, Željko Grbavčić and Rada Pjanović",authors:[{id:"18256",title:"Dr.",name:"Radmila",middleName:null,surname:"Garić-Grulović",fullName:"Radmila Garić-Grulović",slug:"radmila-garic-grulovic"},{id:"20703",title:"Dr.",name:"Nevenka",middleName:null,surname:"Bošković-Vragolovićić",fullName:"Nevenka Bošković-Vragolovićić",slug:"nevenka-boskovic-vragolovicic"},{id:"20704",title:"Dr.",name:"Željko",middleName:null,surname:"Grbavčić",fullName:"Željko Grbavčić",slug:"zeljko-grbavcic"},{id:"20705",title:"Dr.",name:"Rada",middleName:null,surname:"Pjanović",fullName:"Rada Pjanović",slug:"rada-pjanovic"}]},{id:"13615",title:"Flow and Mass Transfer inside Networks of Minichannels",slug:"flow-and-mass-transfer-inside-networks-of-minichannels",signatures:"Florian Huchet",authors:[{id:"20142",title:"Dr.",name:"Florian",middleName:null,surname:"Huchet",fullName:"Florian Huchet",slug:"florian-huchet"}]},{id:"13616",title:"Simulation of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Valve Tray Distillation Column Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach",slug:"simulation-of-hydrodynamics-and-mass-transfer-in-a-valve-tray-distillation-column-using-computationa",signatures:"A. Jafari, S.M. Mousavi, H. Moteshaffi, H. Roohian and H. Hamedi Sangari",authors:[{id:"19372",title:"Dr.",name:"S. Mohammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mousavi",fullName:"S. Mohammad Mousavi",slug:"s.-mohammad-mousavi"},{id:"21661",title:"Dr.",name:"A.",middleName:null,surname:"Jafari",fullName:"A. Jafari",slug:"a.-jafari"},{id:"21662",title:"Ms.",name:"H.",middleName:null,surname:"Moteshafi",fullName:"H. Moteshafi",slug:"h.-moteshafi"},{id:"21663",title:"Ms.",name:"H.",middleName:null,surname:"Roohian",fullName:"H. Roohian",slug:"h.-roohian"},{id:"23814",title:"Mr.",name:"H. Hamedi",middleName:null,surname:"Sangari",fullName:"H. Hamedi Sangari",slug:"h.-hamedi-sangari"}]},{id:"13617",title:"Modeling Moisture Movement in Rice",slug:"modeling-moisture-movement-in-rice",signatures:"Bhagwati Prakash and Zhongli Pan",authors:[{id:"20336",title:"Prof.",name:"Bhagwati",middleName:null,surname:"Prakash",fullName:"Bhagwati Prakash",slug:"bhagwati-prakash"},{id:"20337",title:"Prof.",name:"Zhongli",middleName:null,surname:"Pan",fullName:"Zhongli Pan",slug:"zhongli-pan"}]},{id:"13618",title:"Mass Transfer Mechanisms during Dehydration of Vegetable Food: Traditional and Innovative Approaches",slug:"mass-transfer-mechanisms-during-dehydration-of-vegetable-food-traditional-and-innovative-approaches",signatures:"Derossi A., Severini C. and Cassi D.",authors:[{id:"18604",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Derossi",fullName:"Antonio Derossi",slug:"antonio-derossi"},{id:"20691",title:"Prof.",name:"Carla",middleName:null,surname:"Severini",fullName:"Carla Severini",slug:"carla-severini"},{id:"20694",title:"Prof.",name:"Davide",middleName:null,surname:"Cassi",fullName:"Davide Cassi",slug:"davide-cassi"}]},{id:"13619",title:"Mass Transfer in Cheese",slug:"mass-transfer-in-cheese",signatures:"Jorge F. Velez-Ruiz",authors:[{id:"19214",title:"Dr.",name:"Jorge",middleName:"Fernando",surname:"Velez-Ruiz",fullName:"Jorge Velez-Ruiz",slug:"jorge-velez-ruiz"}]},{id:"13620",title:"Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Elements in Coastal Sea and Stream Sediments in the Island Arc Region of Japan: Mass Transfer from Terrestrial to Marine Environments",slug:"comprehensive-survey-of-multi-elements-in-coastal-sea-and-stream-sediments-in-the-island-arc-region-",signatures:"Atsuyuki Ohta and Noboru Imai",authors:[{id:"17286",title:"Dr.",name:"Atsuyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Ohta",fullName:"Atsuyuki Ohta",slug:"atsuyuki-ohta"},{id:"24104",title:"Dr.",name:"Noboru",middleName:null,surname:"Imai",fullName:"Noboru Imai",slug:"noboru-imai"}]},{id:"13621",title:"Mass Transfers and Sedimentary Budgets in Geomorphologic Drainage Basin Studies",slug:"mass-transfers-and-sedimentary-budgets-in-geomorphologic-drainage-basin-studies",signatures:"Achim A. Beylich",authors:[{id:"16156",title:"Prof.",name:"Achim A.",middleName:null,surname:"Beylich",fullName:"Achim A. Beylich",slug:"achim-a.-beylich"}]},{id:"13622",title:"Successive Linearisation Solution of Free Convection Non-Darcy Flow with Heat and Mass Transfer",slug:"successive-linearisation-solution-of-free-convection-non-darcy-flow-with-heat-and-mass-transfer",signatures:"Sandile Motsa and Stanford Shateyi",authors:[{id:"16056",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanford",middleName:null,surname:"Shateyi",fullName:"Stanford Shateyi",slug:"stanford-shateyi"},{id:"18031",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandile",middleName:null,surname:"Motsa",fullName:"Sandile Motsa",slug:"sandile-motsa"}]},{id:"13623",title:"Explicit and Approximated Solutions for Heat and Mass Transfer Problems with a Moving Interface",slug:"explicit-and-approximated-solutions-for-heat-and-mass-transfer-problems-with-a-moving-interface",signatures:"Domingo Alberto Tarzia",authors:[{id:"18091",title:"Prof.",name:"Domingo",middleName:"Alberto",surname:"Tarzia",fullName:"Domingo Tarzia",slug:"domingo-tarzia"}]},{id:"13624",title:"Boundary Control Problems for Oberbeck-Boussinesq Model of Heat and Mass Transfer",slug:"boundary-control-problems-for-oberbeck-boussinesq-model-of-heat-and-mass-transfer",signatures:"Gennady Alekseev, Dmitry Tereshko and Vladislav Pukhnachev",authors:[{id:"16032",title:"Prof.",name:"Gennady",middleName:null,surname:"Alekseev",fullName:"Gennady Alekseev",slug:"gennady-alekseev"},{id:"19393",title:"Prof.",name:"Vladislav",middleName:null,surname:"Pukhnachev",fullName:"Vladislav Pukhnachev",slug:"vladislav-pukhnachev"},{id:"19394",title:"Dr.",name:"Dmitry",middleName:null,surname:"Tereshko",fullName:"Dmitry Tereshko",slug:"dmitry-tereshko"}]},{id:"13625",title:"Heat and Mass Transfer in Desiccant Wheels",slug:"heat-and-mass-transfer-in-desiccant-wheels",signatures:"Celestino Ruivo, José Costa and António Rui Figueiredo",authors:[{id:"20069",title:"Dr.",name:"Celestino",middleName:null,surname:"Ruivo",fullName:"Celestino Ruivo",slug:"celestino-ruivo"},{id:"20475",title:"Prof.",name:"José",middleName:null,surname:"Costa",fullName:"José Costa",slug:"jose-costa"},{id:"20476",title:"Prof.",name:"António Rui",middleName:null,surname:"Figueiredo",fullName:"António Rui Figueiredo",slug:"antonio-rui-figueiredo"}]},{id:"13626",title:"Oscillatory Regimes of Solutocapillary Marangoni Convection",slug:"oscillatory-regimes-of-solutocapillary-marangoni-convection",signatures:"Konstantin Kostarev, Andrew Zuev and Antonio Viviani",authors:[{id:"14946",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Viviani",fullName:"Antonio Viviani",slug:"antonio-viviani"},{id:"18938",title:"Dr.",name:"Konstantin",middleName:null,surname:"Kostarev",fullName:"Konstantin Kostarev",slug:"konstantin-kostarev"},{id:"18939",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Zuev",fullName:"Andrew Zuev",slug:"andrew-zuev"}]},{id:"13627",title:"Aerodynamics of Ceramic Regular Packing for Heat-Massexchenge Processes",slug:"aerodynamics-of-ceramic-regular-packing-for-heat-massexchenge-processes",signatures:"Alexandr Pushnov",authors:[{id:"16922",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandr",middleName:null,surname:"Pushnov",fullName:"Alexandr Pushnov",slug:"alexandr-pushnov"}]},{id:"13628",title:"Topics in Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media: Cross-Diffusion, Thermophoresis and Reactive Surfaces",slug:"topics-in-heat-and-mass-transfer-in-porous-media-cross-diffusion-thermophoresis-and-reactive-surface",signatures:"Adrian Postelnicu",authors:[{id:"22284",title:"Prof.",name:"Adrian",middleName:null,surname:"Postelnicu",fullName:"Adrian Postelnicu",slug:"adrian-postelnicu"}]},{id:"13629",title:"Mass and Heat Transfer During Thin-Film Evaporation of Liquid Solutions",slug:"mass-and-heat-transfer-during-thin-film-evaporation-of-liquid-solutions",signatures:"Janusz Dziak",authors:[{id:"19384",title:"Dr.",name:"Janusz",middleName:null,surname:"Dziak",fullName:"Janusz Dziak",slug:"janusz-dziak"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"65877",title:"Smart Home Systems Based on Internet of Things",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.84894",slug:"smart-home-systems-based-on-internet-of-things",body:'
Classic smart home, internet of things, cloud computing and rule-based event processing, are the building blocks of our proposed advanced smart home integrated compound. Each component contributes its core attributes and technologies to the proposed composition. IoT contributes the internet connection and remote management of mobile appliances, incorporated with a variety of sensors. Sensors may be attached to home related appliances, such as air-conditioning, lights and other environmental devices. And so, it embeds computer intelligence into home devices to provide ways to measure home conditions and monitor home appliances’ functionality. Cloud computing provides scalable computing power, storage space and applications, for developing, maintaining, running home services, and accessing home devices anywhere at anytime. The rule-based event processing system provides the control and orchestration of the entire advanced smart home composition.
Combining technologies in order to generate a best of breed product, already appear in recent literature in various ways. Christos Stergioua et al. [1] merge cloud computing and IoT to show how the cloud computing technology improves the functionality of the IoT. Majid Al-Kuwari [2] focus on embedded IoT for using analyzed data to remotely execute commands of home appliances in a smart home. Trisha Datta et al. [3] propose a privacy-preserving library to embed traffic shaping in home appliances. Jian Mao et al. [4] enhance machine learning algorithms to play a role in the security in a smart home ecosystem. Faisal Saeed et al. [5] propose using sensors to sense and provide in real-time, fire detection with high accuracy.
In this chapter we explain the integration of classic smart home, IoT and cloud computing. Starting by analyzing the basics of smart home, IoT, cloud computing and event processing systems. We discuss their complementarity and synergy, detailing what is currently driving to their integration. We also discuss what is already available in terms of platforms, and projects implementing the smart home, cloud and IoT paradigm. From the connectivity perspective, the added IoT appliances and the cloud, are connected to the internet and in this context also to the home local area network. These connections complement the overall setup to a complete unified and interconnected composition with extended processing power, powerful 3rd party tools, comprehensive applications and an extensive storage space.
In the rest of this chapter we elaborate on each of the four components. In Section 1, we describe the classic smart home, in Section 2, we introduce the internet of things [IoT], in Section 3, we outline cloud computing and in Section 4, we present the event processing module. In Section 5, we describe the composition of an advanced smart home, incorporating these four components. In Section 6, we provide some practical information and relevant selection considerations, for building a practical advanced smart home implementation. In Section 7, we describe our experiment introducing three examples presenting the essence of our integrated proposal. Finally, we identify open issues and future directions in the future of advanced smart home components and applications.
Smart home is the residential extension of building automation and involves the control and automation of all its embedded technology. It defines a residence that has appliances, lighting, heating, air conditioning, TVs, computers, entertainment systems, big home appliances such as washers/dryers and refrigerators/freezers, security and camera systems capable of communicating with each other and being controlled remotely by a time schedule, phone, mobile or internet. These systems consist of switches and sensors connected to a central hub controlled by the home resident using wall-mounted terminal or mobile unit connected to internet cloud services.
Smart home provides, security, energy efficiency, low operating costs and convenience. Installation of smart products provide convenience and savings of time, money and energy. Such systems are adaptive and adjustable to meet the ongoing changing needs of the home residents. In most cases its infrastructure is flexible enough to integrate with a wide range of devices from different providers and standards.
The basic architecture enables measuring home conditions, process instrumented data, utilizing microcontroller-enabled sensors for measuring home conditions and actuators for monitoring home embedded devices.
The popularity and penetration of the smart home concept is growing in a good pace, as it became part of the modernization and reduction of cost trends. This is achieved by embedding the capability to maintain a centralized event log, execute machine learning processes to provide main cost elements, saving recommendations and other useful reports.
A typical smart home is equipped with a set of sensors for measuring home conditions, such as: temperature, humidity, light and proximity. Each sensor is dedicated to capture one or more measurement. Temperature and humidity may be measured by one sensor, other sensors calculate the light ratio for a given area and the distance from it to each object exposed to it. All sensors allow storing the data and visualizing it so that the user can view it anywhere and anytime. To do so, it includes a signal processer, a communication interface and a host on a cloud infrastructure.
Creates the cloud service for managing home appliances which will be hosted on a cloud infrastructure. The managing service allows the user, controlling the outputs of smart actuators associated with home appliances, such as such as lamps and fans. Smart actuators are devices, such as valves and switches, which perform actions such as turning things on or off or adjusting an operational system. Actuators provides a variety of functionalities, such as on/off valve service, positioning to percentage open, modulating to control changes on flow conditions, emergency shutdown (ESD). To activate an actuator, a digital write command is issued to the actuator.
Home access technologies are commonly used for public access doors. A common system uses a database with the identification attributes of authorized people. When a person is approaching the access control system, the person’s identification attributes are collected instantly and compared to the database. If it matches the database data, the access is allowed, otherwise, the access is denied. For a wide distributed institute, we may employ cloud services for centrally collecting persons’ data and processing it. Some use magnetic or proximity identification cards, other use face recognition systems, finger print and RFID.
In an example implementation, an RFID card and an RFID reader have been used. Every authorized person has an RFID card. The person scanned the card via RFID reader located near the door. The scanned ID has been sent via the internet to the cloud system. The system posted the ID to the controlling service which compares the scanned ID against the authorized IDs in the database.
To enable all of the above described activities and data management, the system is composed of the following components, as described in Figure 1.
Sensors to collect internal and external home data and measure home conditions. These sensors are connected to the home itself and to the attached-to-home devices. These sensors are not internet of things sensors, which are attached to home appliances. The sensors’ data is collected and continually transferred via the local network, to the smart home server.
Processors for performing local and integrated actions. It may also be connected to the cloud for applications requiring extended resources. The sensors’ data is then processed by the local server processes.
A collection of software components wrapped as APIs, allowing external applications execute it, given it follows the pre-defined parameters format. Such an API can process sensors data or manage necessary actions.
Actuators to provision and execute commands in the server or other control devices. It translates the required activity to the command syntax; the device can execute. During processing the received sensors’ data, the task checks if any rule became true. In such case the system may launch a command to the proper device processor.
Database to store the processed data collected from the sensors [and cloud services]. It will also be used for data analysis, data presentation and visualization. The processed data is saved in the attached database for future use.
Smart home paradigm with optional cloud connectivity.
The internet of things (IoT) paradigm refers to devices connected to the internet. Devices are objects such as sensors and actuators, equipped with a telecommunication interface, a processing unit, limited storage and software applications. It enables the integration of objects into the internet, establishing the interaction between people and devices among devices. The key technology of IoT includes radio frequency identification (RFID), sensor technology and intelligence technology. RFID is the foundation and networking core of the construction of IoT. Its processing and communication capabilities along with unique algorithms allows the integration of a variety of elements to operate as an integrated unit but at the same time allow easy addition and removal of components with minimum impact, making IoT robust but flexible to absorb changes in the environment and user preferences. To minimize bandwidth usage, it is using JSON, a lightweight version of XML, for inter components and external messaging.
Cloud computing is a shared pool of computing resources ready to provide a variety of computing services in different levels, from basic infrastructure to most sophisticated application services, easily allocated and released with minimal efforts or service provider interaction [6, 7]. In practice, it manages computing, storage, and communication resources that are shared by multiple users in a virtualized and isolated environment. Figure 2 depicts the overall cloud paradigm.
Cloud computing paradigm.
IoT and smart home can benefit from the wide resources and functionalities of cloud to compensate its limitation in storage, processing, communication, support in pick demand, backup and recovery. For example, cloud can support IoT service management and fulfillment and execute complementary applications using the data produced by it. Smart home can be condensed and focus just on the basic and critical functions and so minimize the local home resources and rely on the cloud capabilities and resources. Smart home and IoT will focus on data collection, basic processing, and transmission to the cloud for further processing. To cope with security challenges, cloud may be private for highly secured data and public for the rest.
IoT, smart home and cloud computing are not just a merge of technologies. But rather, a balance between local and central computing along with optimization of resources consumption. A computing task can be either executed on the IoT and smart home devices or outsourced to the cloud. Where to compute depends on the overhead tradeoffs, data availability, data dependency, amount of data transportation, communications dependency and security considerations. On the one hand, the triple computing model involving the cloud, IoT and smart home, should minimize the entire system cost, usually with more focus on reducing resource consumptions at home. On the other hand, an IoT and smart home computing service model, should improve IoT users to fulfill their demand when using cloud applications and address complex problems arising from the new IoT, smart home and cloud service model.
Some examples of healthcare services provided by cloud and IoT integration: properly managing information, sharing electronic healthcare records enable high-quality medical services, managing healthcare sensor data, makes mobile devices suited for health data delivery, security, privacy, and reliability, by enhancing medical data security and service availability and redundancy and assisted-living services in real-time, and cloud execution of multimedia-based health services.
Smart home and IoT are rich with sensors, which generate massive data flows in the form of messages or events. Processing this data is above the capacity of a human being’s capabilities [8, 9, 10]. Hence, event processing systems have been developed and used to respond faster to classified events. In this section, we focus on rule management systems which can sense and evaluate events to respond to changes in values or interrupts. The user can define event-triggered rule and to control the proper delivery of services. A rule is composed of event conditions, event pattern and correlation-related information which can be combined for modeling complex situations. It was implemented in a typical smart home and proved its suitability for a service-oriented system.
The system can process large amounts of events, execute functions to monitor, navigate and optimize processes in real-time. It discovers and analyzes anomalies or exceptions and creates reactive/proactive responses, such as warnings and preventing damage actions. Situations are modeled by a user-friendly modeling interface for event-triggered rules. When required, it breaks them down into simple, understandable elements. The proposed model can be seamlessly integrated into the distributed and service-oriented event processing platform.
The evaluation process is triggered by events delivering the most recent state and information from the relevant environment. The outcome is a decision graph representing the rule. It can break down complex situations to simple conditions, and combine them with each other, composing complex conditions. The output is a response event raised when a rule fires. The fired events may be used as input for other rules for further evaluation. Event patterns are discovered when multiple events occur and match a pre-defined pattern. Due to the graphical model and modular approach for constructing rules, rules can be easily adapted to domain changes. New event conditions or event patterns can be added or removed from the rule model. Rules are executed by event services, which supply the rule engine with events and process the evaluation result. To ensure the availability of suitable processing resources, the system can run in a distributed mode, on multiple machines and facilitate the integration with external systems, as well. The definition of relationships and dependencies among events that are relevant for the rule processing, are performed using sequence sets, generated by the rule engine. The rule engine constructs sequences of events relevant to a specific rule condition to allow associating events by their context data. Rules automatically perform actions in response when stated conditions hold. Actions generate response events, which trigger response activities. Event patterns can match temporal event sequences, allowing the description of home situations where the occurrences of events are relevant. For example, when the door is kept open too long.
The following challenges are known with this model: structure for the processed events and data, configuration of services and adapters for processing steps, including their input and output parameters, interfaces to external systems for sensing data and for responding by executing transactions, structure for the processed events and data, data transformations, data analysis and persistence. It allows to model which events should be processed by the rule service and how the response events should be forwarded to other event services. The process is simple: data is collected and received from adapters which forward events to event services that consume them. Initially the events are enriched to prepare the event data for the rule processing. For example, the response events are sent to a service for sending notifications to a call agent, or to services which transmit event delay notifications and event updates back to the event management system.
Event processing is concerned with real-time capturing and managing pre-defined events. It starts from managing the receptors of events right from the event occurrence, even identification, data collection, process association and activation of the response action. To allow rapid and flexible event handling, an event processing language is used, which allows fast configuration of the resources required to handle the expected sequence of activities per event type. It is composed of two modules, ESP and CEP. ESP efficiently handles the event, analyzes it and selects the appropriate occurrence. CEP handles aggregated events. Event languages describe complex event-types applied over the event log.
In some cases, rules relate to discrepancies in a sequence of events in a workflow. In such cases, it is mandatory to precisely understand the workflow and its associated events. To overcome this, we propose a reverse engineering process to automatically rediscover the workflows from the events log collected over time, assuming these events are ordered, and each event refers to one task being executed for a single case. The rediscovering process can be used to validate workflow sequences by measuring the discrepancies between prescriptive models and actual process executions. The rediscovery process consists of the following three steps: (1) construction of the dependency/frequency table. (2) Induction of dependency/frequency graphs. (3) Generating WF-nets from D/F-graphs.
In this section, we focus on the integration of smart home, IoT and cloud computing to define a new computing paradigm. We can find in the literature section [11, 12, 13, 14] surveys and research work on smart home, IoT and cloud computing separately, emphasizing their unique properties, features, technologies, and drawbacks. However, our approach is the opposite. We are looking at the synergy among these three concepts and searching for ways to integrate them into a new comprehensive paradigm, utilizing its common underlying concepts as well as its unique attributes, to allow the execution of new processes, which could not be processed otherwise.
Figure 3 depicts the advanced smart-home main components and their inter-connectivity. On the left block, the smart home environment, we can see the typical devices connected to a local area network [LAN]. This enables the communication among the devices and outside of it. Connected to the LAN is a server and its database. The server controls the devices, logs its activities, provides reports, answers queries and executes the appropriate commands. For more comprehensive or common tasks, the smart home server, transfers data to the cloud and remotely activate tasks in it using APIs, application programming interface processes. In addition, IoT home appliances are connected to the internet and to the LAN, and so expands smart home to include IoT. The connection to the internet allows the end user, resident, to communicate with the smart home to get current information and remotely activate tasks.
Advanced smart home—integrating smart home, IoT and cloud computing.
To demonstrate the benefits of the advanced smart home, we use RSA, a robust asymmetric cryptography algorithm, which generates a public and private key and encrypts/decrypts messages. Using the public key, everyone can encrypt a message, but only these who hold the private key can decrypt the sent message. Generating the keys and encrypting/decrypting messages, involves extensive calculations, which require considerable memory space and processing power. Therefore, it is usually processed on powerful computers built to cope with the required resources. However, due to its limited resources, running RSA in an IoT device is almost impossible, and so, it opens a security gap in the Internet, where attackers may easily utilize. To cope with it, we combine the power of the local smart home processors to compute some RSA calculations and forward more complicated computing tasks to be processed in the cloud. The results will then be transferred back to the IoT sensor to be compiled and assembled together, to generate the RSA encryption/decryption code, and so close the mentioned IoT security gap. This example demonstrates the data flow among the advanced smart home components. Where, each component performs its own stack of operations to generate its unique output. However, in case of complicated and long tasks it will split the task to sub tasks to be executed by more powerful components. Referring to the RSA example, the IoT device initiates the need to generate an encryption key and so, sends a request message to the RSA application, running in the smart home computer. The smart home computer then asks the “prime numbers generation” application running on cloud, to provide p and q prime numbers. Once p and q are accepted, the encryption code is generated. In a later stage, an IoT device issues a request to the smart home computer to encrypt a message, using the recent generated RSA encryption key. The encrypted message is then transferred back to the IoT device for further execution. A similar scenario may be in the opposite direction, when an IoT device gets a message it may request the smart home to decrypt it.
To summarize, the RSA scenarios depict the utilization of the strength of the cloud computing power, the smart home secured computing capabilities and at the end the limited power of the IoT device. It proves that without this automatic cooperation, RSA would not be able to be executed at the IoT level.
A more practical example is where several detached appliances, such as an oven, a slow cooker and a pan on the gas stove top, are active in fulfilling the resident request. The resident is getting an urgent phone call and leaves home immediately, without shutting off the active appliances. In case the relevant IoTs have been tuned to automatically shut down based on a predefined rule, it will be taken care at the IoT level. Otherwise, the smart home realizes the resident has left home [the home door has been opened and then locked, the garage has been opened, the resident’s car left, the main gate was opened and then closed, no one was at home] and will shut down all active devices classified as risk in case of absence. It will send an appropriate message to the mailing list defined for such an occasion.
Smart home has three components: hardware, software and communication protocols. It has a wide variety of applications for the digital consumer. Some of the areas of home automation led IoT enabled connectivity, such as: lighting control, gardening, safety and security, air quality, water-quality monitoring, voice assistants, switches, locks, energy and water meters.
Advanced smart home components include: IoT sensors, gateways, protocols, firmware, cloud computing, databases, middleware and gateways. IoT cloud can be divided into a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) and infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS). Figure 4 demonstrates the main components of the proposed advanced smart home and the connection and data flow among its components.
Advanced smart home composition.
The smart home application updates the home database in the cloud to allow remote people access it and get the latest status of the home. A typical IoT platform contains: device security and authentication, message brokers and message queuing, device administration, protocols, data collection, visualization, analysis capabilities, integration with other web services, scalability, APIs for real-time information flow and open source libraries. IoT sensors for home automation are known by their sensing capabilities, such as: temperature, lux, water level, air composition, surveillance video cameras, voice/sound, pressure, humidity, accelerometers, infrared, vibrations and ultrasonic. Some of the most commonly used smart home sensors are temperature sensors, most are digital sensors, but some are analog and can be extremely accurate. Lux sensors measure the luminosity. Water level ultrasonic sensors.
Float level sensors offer a more precise measurement capability to IoT developers. Air composition sensors are used by developers to measure specific components in the air: CO monitoring, hydrogen gas levels measuring, nitrogen oxide measure, hazardous gas levels. Most of them have a heating time, which means that it requires a certain time before presenting accurate values. It relies on detecting gas components on a surface only after the surface is heated enough, values start to show up. Video cameras for surveillance and analytics. A range of cameras, with a high-speed connection. Using Raspberry Pi processor is recommended as its camera module is very efficient due to its flex connector, connected directly to the board.
Sound detectors are widely used for monitoring purposes, detecting sounds and acting accordingly. Some can even detect ultra-low levels of noise, and fine tune among various noise levels.
Humidity sensors sense the humidity levels in the air for smart homes. Its accuracy and precision depend on the sensor design and placement. Certain sensors like the DHT22, built for rapid prototyping, will always perform poorly when compared to high-quality sensors like HIH6100. For open spaces, the distribution around the sensor is expected to be uniform requiring fewer corrective actions for the right calibration.
Smart home communication protocols: bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or GSM. Bluetooth smart or low energy wireless protocols with mesh capabilities and data encryption algorithms. Zigbee is mesh networked, low power radio frequency-based protocol for IoT. X10 protocol that utilizes powerline wiring for signaling and control. Insteon, wireless and wireline communication. Z-wave specializes in secured home automation. UPB, uses existing power lines. Thread, a royalty-free protocol for smart home automation. ANT, an ultra-low-power protocol for building low-powered sensors with a mesh distribution capability. The preferred protocols are bluetooth low energy, Z-wave, Zigbee, and thread. Considerations for incorporating a gateway may include: cloud connectivity, supported protocols, customization complexity and prototyping support. Home control is composed of the following: state machine, event bus, service log and timer.
Modularity: enables the bundle concept, runtime dynamics, software components can be managed at runtime, service orientation, manage dependencies among bundles, life cycle layer: controls the life cycle of the bundles, service layers: defines a dynamic model of communication between various modules, actual services: this is the application layer. Security layer: optional, leverages Java 2 security architecture and manages permissions from different modules.
OpenHAB is a framework, combining home automation and IoT gateway for smart homes. Its features: rules engine, logging mechanism and UI abstraction. Automation rules that focus on time, mood, or ambiance, easy configuration, common supported hardware:
Domoticz architecture: very few people know about the architecture of Domoticz, making it extremely difficult to build applications on it without taking unnecessary risks in building the product itself. For example, the entire design of general architecture feels a little weird when you look at the concept of a sensor to control to an actuator. Building advanced applications with Domoticz can be done using OO based languages.
Deployment of blockchain into home networks can easily be done with Raspberry Pi. A blockchain secured layer between devices and gateways can be implemented without a massive revamp of the existing code base. Blockchain is a technology that will play a role in the future to reassure them with revolutionary and new business models like dynamic renting for Airbnb.
We can find in the literature and practical reports, many implementations of various integrations among part of the main three building blocks, smart home, IoT and cloud computing. For example, refer to [12–14]. In this section we outline three implementations, which clearly demonstrate the need and the benefits of interconnecting or integrating all three components, as illustrated in Figure 5. Each component is numbered, 1–6. In the left side, we describe for each implementation, the sequence of messages/commands among components, from left to right and from bottom up. Take for example the third implementation, a control task constantly runing at the home server (2) discovers the fact that all residents left home and automatically, initiates actuators to shut down all IoT appliances (3), then it issues messages to the relevant users/residents, updating them about the situation and the applied actions it took (6).
Advanced smart home implementations chart.
The use of (i) in the implementations explanation, corresponds to the circled numbers in Figure 5.
First step is deploying water sensors under every reasonable potential leak source and an automated master water valve sensor for the whole house, which now means the house is considered as an IoT.
In case the water sensor detects a leak of water (3), it sends an event to the hub (2), which triggers the “turn valve off” application. The home control application then sends a “turn off” command to all IoT (3) appliances defined as sensitive to water stopping and then sends the “turn off” command to the main water valve (1). An update message is sent via the messaging system to these appearing in the notification list (6). This setup helps defending against scenarios where the source of the water is from the house plumbing. The underlying configuration assumes an integration via messages and commands between the smart home and the IoT control system. It demonstrates the dependency and the resulting benefits of combining smart home and IoT.
Most houses already have the typical collection of smoke detectors (1), but there is no bridge to send data from the sensor to a smart home hub. Connecting these sensors to a smart home app (2), enables a comprehensive smoke detection system. It is further expanded to notify the elevator sensor to block the use of it due to fire condition (1), and so, it is even further expanded to any IoT sensor (3), who may be activated due to the detected smoke alert.
In [5] they designed a wireless sensor network for early detection of house fires. They simulated a fire in a smart home using the fire dynamics simulator and a language program. The simulation results showed that the system detects fire early.
Consider the scenario where you leave home while some of the appliances are still on. In case your absence is long enough, some of the appliances may over heat and are about to blowout. To avoid such situations, we connect all IoT appliances’ sensors to the home application (2), so that when all leave home it will automatically adjust all the appliances’ sensors accordingly (3), to avoid damages. Note that the indication of an empty home is generated by the Smart Home application, while the “on” indication of the appliance, is generated by IoT. Hence, this scenario is possible due to the integration between smart home and IoT systems.
In this chapter we described the integration of three loosely coupled components, smart home, Iot, and cloud computing. To orchestrate and timely manage the vast data flow in an efficient and balanced way, utilizing the strengths of each component we propose a centralized real time event processing application.
We describe the advantages and benefits of each standalone component and its possible complements, which may be achieved by integrating it with the other components providing new benefits raised from the whole compound system. Since these components are still at its development stage, the integration among them may change and provide a robust paradigm that generates a new generation of infrastructure and applications.
As we follow-up on the progress of each component and its corresponding impact on the integrated compound, we will constantly consider additional components to be added, resulting with new service models and applications.
IntechOpen's Authorship Policy is based on ICMJE criteria for authorship. An Author, one must:
',metaTitle:"Authorship Policy",metaDescription:"IN TECH's Authorship Policy is based on ICMJE criteria for authorship. In order to be identified as an Author, one must:",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/authorship-policy",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"All contributors who meet these criteria are listed as Authors. Their exact contributions should be described in the manuscript at the time of submission.
\\n\\nConversely, all contributors who do not meet these criteria should be listed in the Acknowledgments section of the manuscript, along with a short description of their specific contributions.
\\n\\nCHANGES IN AUTHORSHIP
\\n\\nIf it is felt necessary to make changes to the list of Authors after a manuscript has been submitted or published, it is the responsibility of the Author concerned to provide a valid reason to amend the published list. Additionally, all listed Authors must verify and approve the proposed changes in order for any amendments to be made.
\\n\\nAFFILIATION
\\n\\nAuthors are responsible for ensuring all addresses and emails provided are correct. Under affiliation(s) all Authors should indicate where the research was conducted. Please note that no changes to the affiliation(s) can be made after the chapter has been published.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2017-05-29
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"All contributors who meet these criteria are listed as Authors. Their exact contributions should be described in the manuscript at the time of submission.
\n\nConversely, all contributors who do not meet these criteria should be listed in the Acknowledgments section of the manuscript, along with a short description of their specific contributions.
\n\nCHANGES IN AUTHORSHIP
\n\nIf it is felt necessary to make changes to the list of Authors after a manuscript has been submitted or published, it is the responsibility of the Author concerned to provide a valid reason to amend the published list. Additionally, all listed Authors must verify and approve the proposed changes in order for any amendments to be made.
\n\nAFFILIATION
\n\nAuthors are responsible for ensuring all addresses and emails provided are correct. Under affiliation(s) all Authors should indicate where the research was conducted. Please note that no changes to the affiliation(s) can be made after the chapter has been published.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2017-05-29
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5698},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5172},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1689},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10243},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:888},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15647}],offset:12,limit:12,total:117315},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{sort:"dateendthirdsteppublish"},books:[],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:62},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7802",title:"Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"587a0b7fb765f31cc98de33c6c07c2e0",slug:"modern-slavery-and-human-trafficking",bookSignature:"Jane Reeves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7802.jpg",editors:[{id:"211328",title:"Prof.",name:"Jane",middleName:null,surname:"Reeves",slug:"jane-reeves",fullName:"Jane Reeves"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8545",title:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"13aaddf5fdbbc78387e77a7da2388bf6",slug:"animal-reproduction-in-veterinary-medicine",bookSignature:"Faruk Aral, Rita Payan-Carreira and Miguel Quaresma",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8545.jpg",editors:[{id:"25600",title:"Prof.",name:"Faruk",middleName:null,surname:"Aral",slug:"faruk-aral",fullName:"Faruk Aral"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9961",title:"Data Mining",subtitle:"Methods, Applications and Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ed79fb6364f2caf464079f94a0387146",slug:"data-mining-methods-applications-and-systems",bookSignature:"Derya Birant",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9961.jpg",editors:[{id:"15609",title:"Dr.",name:"Derya",middleName:null,surname:"Birant",slug:"derya-birant",fullName:"Derya Birant"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9157",title:"Neurodegenerative Diseases",subtitle:"Molecular Mechanisms and Current Therapeutic Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bc8be577966ef88735677d7e1e92ed28",slug:"neurodegenerative-diseases-molecular-mechanisms-and-current-therapeutic-approaches",bookSignature:"Nagehan Ersoy Tunalı",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9157.jpg",editors:[{id:"82778",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Nagehan",middleName:null,surname:"Ersoy Tunalı",slug:"nagehan-ersoy-tunali",fullName:"Nagehan Ersoy Tunalı"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8686",title:"Direct Torque Control Strategies of Electrical Machines",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6ad22b14db2b8450228545d3d4f6b1a",slug:"direct-torque-control-strategies-of-electrical-machines",bookSignature:"Fatma Ben Salem",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8686.jpg",editors:[{id:"295623",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Fatma",middleName:null,surname:"Ben Salem",slug:"fatma-ben-salem",fullName:"Fatma Ben Salem"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7434",title:"Molecular Biotechnology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eceede809920e1ec7ecadd4691ede2ec",slug:"molecular-biotechnology",bookSignature:"Sergey Sedykh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7434.jpg",editors:[{id:"178316",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Sedykh",slug:"sergey-sedykh",fullName:"Sergey Sedykh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9839",title:"Outdoor Recreation",subtitle:"Physiological and Psychological Effects on Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5f5a0d64267e32567daffa5b0c6a6972",slug:"outdoor-recreation-physiological-and-psychological-effects-on-health",bookSignature:"Hilde G. Nielsen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9839.jpg",editors:[{id:"158692",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Hilde G.",middleName:null,surname:"Nielsen",slug:"hilde-g.-nielsen",fullName:"Hilde G. Nielsen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9208",title:"Welding",subtitle:"Modern Topics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7d6be076ccf3a3f8bd2ca52d86d4506b",slug:"welding-modern-topics",bookSignature:"Sadek Crisóstomo Absi Alfaro, Wojciech Borek and Błażej Tomiczek",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9208.jpg",editors:[{id:"65292",title:"Prof.",name:"Sadek Crisostomo Absi",middleName:"C. Absi",surname:"Alfaro",slug:"sadek-crisostomo-absi-alfaro",fullName:"Sadek Crisostomo Absi Alfaro"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9139",title:"Topics in Primary Care Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ea774a4d4c1179da92a782e0ae9cde92",slug:"topics-in-primary-care-medicine",bookSignature:"Thomas F. Heston",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9139.jpg",editors:[{id:"217926",title:"Dr.",name:"Thomas F.",middleName:null,surname:"Heston",slug:"thomas-f.-heston",fullName:"Thomas F. Heston"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9343",title:"Trace Metals in the Environment",subtitle:"New Approaches and Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ae07e345bc2ce1ebbda9f70c5cd12141",slug:"trace-metals-in-the-environment-new-approaches-and-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Mario Alfonso Murillo-Tovar, Hugo Saldarriaga-Noreña and Agnieszka Saeid",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9343.jpg",editors:[{id:"255959",title:"Dr.",name:"Mario Alfonso",middleName:null,surname:"Murillo-Tovar",slug:"mario-alfonso-murillo-tovar",fullName:"Mario Alfonso Murillo-Tovar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8697",title:"Virtual Reality and Its Application in Education",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ee01b5e387ba0062c6b0d1e9227bda05",slug:"virtual-reality-and-its-application-in-education",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8697.jpg",editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7831",title:"Sustainability in Urban Planning and Design",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c924420492c8c2c9751e178d025f4066",slug:"sustainability-in-urban-planning-and-design",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed, Asaad Almssad and Linh Truong - Hong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7831.jpg",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",middleName:"Zaki",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5141},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9208",title:"Welding",subtitle:"Modern Topics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7d6be076ccf3a3f8bd2ca52d86d4506b",slug:"welding-modern-topics",bookSignature:"Sadek Crisóstomo Absi Alfaro, Wojciech Borek and Błażej Tomiczek",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9208.jpg",editors:[{id:"65292",title:"Prof.",name:"Sadek Crisostomo Absi",middleName:"C. Absi",surname:"Alfaro",slug:"sadek-crisostomo-absi-alfaro",fullName:"Sadek Crisostomo Absi Alfaro"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9139",title:"Topics in Primary Care Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ea774a4d4c1179da92a782e0ae9cde92",slug:"topics-in-primary-care-medicine",bookSignature:"Thomas F. Heston",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9139.jpg",editors:[{id:"217926",title:"Dr.",name:"Thomas F.",middleName:null,surname:"Heston",slug:"thomas-f.-heston",fullName:"Thomas F. Heston"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8697",title:"Virtual Reality and Its Application in Education",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ee01b5e387ba0062c6b0d1e9227bda05",slug:"virtual-reality-and-its-application-in-education",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8697.jpg",editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",middleName:"Mladen",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9343",title:"Trace Metals in the Environment",subtitle:"New Approaches and Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ae07e345bc2ce1ebbda9f70c5cd12141",slug:"trace-metals-in-the-environment-new-approaches-and-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Mario Alfonso Murillo-Tovar, Hugo Saldarriaga-Noreña and Agnieszka Saeid",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9343.jpg",editors:[{id:"255959",title:"Dr.",name:"Mario Alfonso",middleName:null,surname:"Murillo-Tovar",slug:"mario-alfonso-murillo-tovar",fullName:"Mario Alfonso Murillo-Tovar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9785",title:"Endometriosis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f457ca61f29cf7e8bc191732c50bb0ce",slug:"endometriosis",bookSignature:"Courtney Marsh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9785.jpg",editors:[{id:"255491",title:"Dr.",name:"Courtney",middleName:null,surname:"Marsh",slug:"courtney-marsh",fullName:"Courtney Marsh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7831",title:"Sustainability in Urban Planning and Design",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c924420492c8c2c9751e178d025f4066",slug:"sustainability-in-urban-planning-and-design",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed, Asaad Almssad and Linh Truong - Hong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7831.jpg",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",middleName:"Zaki",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9376",title:"Contemporary Developments and Perspectives in International Health Security",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b9a00b84cd04aae458fb1d6c65795601",slug:"contemporary-developments-and-perspectives-in-international-health-security-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki, Michael S. Firstenberg, Sagar C. Galwankar, Ricardo Izurieta and Thomas Papadimos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9376.jpg",editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7769",title:"Medical Isotopes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f8d3c5a6c9a42398e56b4e82264753f7",slug:"medical-isotopes",bookSignature:"Syed Ali Raza Naqvi and Muhammad Babar Imrani",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7769.jpg",editors:[{id:"259190",title:"Dr.",name:"Syed Ali Raza",middleName:null,surname:"Naqvi",slug:"syed-ali-raza-naqvi",fullName:"Syed Ali Raza Naqvi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9279",title:"Concepts, Applications and Emerging Opportunities in Industrial Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9bfa87f9b627a5468b7c1e30b0eea07a",slug:"concepts-applications-and-emerging-opportunities-in-industrial-engineering",bookSignature:"Gary Moynihan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9279.jpg",editors:[{id:"16974",title:"Dr.",name:"Gary",middleName:null,surname:"Moynihan",slug:"gary-moynihan",fullName:"Gary Moynihan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7807",title:"A Closer Look at Organizational Culture in Action",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"05c608b9271cc2bc711f4b28748b247b",slug:"a-closer-look-at-organizational-culture-in-action",bookSignature:"Süleyman Davut Göker",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7807.jpg",editors:[{id:"190035",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Süleyman Davut",middleName:null,surname:"Göker",slug:"suleyman-davut-goker",fullName:"Süleyman Davut Göker"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7434",title:"Molecular Biotechnology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eceede809920e1ec7ecadd4691ede2ec",slug:"molecular-biotechnology",bookSignature:"Sergey Sedykh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7434.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"178316",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sergey",middleName:null,surname:"Sedykh",slug:"sergey-sedykh",fullName:"Sergey Sedykh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8545",title:"Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"13aaddf5fdbbc78387e77a7da2388bf6",slug:"animal-reproduction-in-veterinary-medicine",bookSignature:"Faruk Aral, Rita Payan-Carreira and Miguel Quaresma",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8545.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"25600",title:"Prof.",name:"Faruk",middleName:null,surname:"Aral",slug:"faruk-aral",fullName:"Faruk Aral"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9569",title:"Methods in Molecular Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"691d3f3c4ac25a8093414e9b270d2843",slug:"methods-in-molecular-medicine",bookSignature:"Yusuf Tutar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9569.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"158492",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Tutar",slug:"yusuf-tutar",fullName:"Yusuf Tutar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9839",title:"Outdoor Recreation",subtitle:"Physiological and Psychological Effects on Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5f5a0d64267e32567daffa5b0c6a6972",slug:"outdoor-recreation-physiological-and-psychological-effects-on-health",bookSignature:"Hilde G. Nielsen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9839.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"158692",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Hilde G.",middleName:null,surname:"Nielsen",slug:"hilde-g.-nielsen",fullName:"Hilde G. Nielsen"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7802",title:"Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"587a0b7fb765f31cc98de33c6c07c2e0",slug:"modern-slavery-and-human-trafficking",bookSignature:"Jane Reeves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7802.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"211328",title:"Prof.",name:"Jane",middleName:null,surname:"Reeves",slug:"jane-reeves",fullName:"Jane Reeves"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8063",title:"Food Security in Africa",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8cbf3d662b104d19db2efc9d59249efc",slug:"food-security-in-africa",bookSignature:"Barakat Mahmoud",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8063.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92016",title:"Dr.",name:"Barakat",middleName:null,surname:"Mahmoud",slug:"barakat-mahmoud",fullName:"Barakat Mahmoud"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10118",title:"Plant Stress Physiology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c68b09d2d2634fc719ae3b9a64a27839",slug:"plant-stress-physiology",bookSignature:"Akbar Hossain",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10118.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"280755",title:"Dr.",name:"Akbar",middleName:null,surname:"Hossain",slug:"akbar-hossain",fullName:"Akbar Hossain"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9157",title:"Neurodegenerative Diseases",subtitle:"Molecular Mechanisms and Current Therapeutic Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bc8be577966ef88735677d7e1e92ed28",slug:"neurodegenerative-diseases-molecular-mechanisms-and-current-therapeutic-approaches",bookSignature:"Nagehan Ersoy Tunalı",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9157.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"82778",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Nagehan",middleName:null,surname:"Ersoy Tunalı",slug:"nagehan-ersoy-tunali",fullName:"Nagehan Ersoy Tunalı"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9961",title:"Data Mining",subtitle:"Methods, Applications and Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ed79fb6364f2caf464079f94a0387146",slug:"data-mining-methods-applications-and-systems",bookSignature:"Derya Birant",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9961.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"15609",title:"Dr.",name:"Derya",middleName:null,surname:"Birant",slug:"derya-birant",fullName:"Derya Birant"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8686",title:"Direct Torque Control Strategies of Electrical Machines",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6ad22b14db2b8450228545d3d4f6b1a",slug:"direct-torque-control-strategies-of-electrical-machines",bookSignature:"Fatma Ben Salem",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8686.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"295623",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Fatma",middleName:null,surname:"Ben Salem",slug:"fatma-ben-salem",fullName:"Fatma Ben Salem"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"113",title:"Chemical Engineering",slug:"engineering-chemical-engineering",parent:{title:"Engineering",slug:"engineering"},numberOfBooks:38,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:1203,numberOfWosCitations:1892,numberOfCrossrefCitations:936,numberOfDimensionsCitations:2487,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"engineering-chemical-engineering",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"7353",title:"Paraffin",subtitle:"an Overview",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"37902d2ff0f7e495b628ab41622be6e4",slug:"paraffin-an-overview",bookSignature:"Fathi Samir Soliman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7353.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"270842",title:"Dr.",name:"Fathi Samir",middleName:null,surname:"Soliman",slug:"fathi-samir-soliman",fullName:"Fathi Samir Soliman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7323",title:"Processing of Heavy Crude Oils",subtitle:"Challenges and Opportunities",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a019fb5c826a5049700528cfc505f0db",slug:"processing-of-heavy-crude-oils-challenges-and-opportunities",bookSignature:"Ramasamy Marappa Gounder",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7323.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"209620",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramasamy",middleName:null,surname:"Marappa Gounder",slug:"ramasamy-marappa-gounder",fullName:"Ramasamy Marappa Gounder"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8448",title:"Glycerine Production and Transformation",subtitle:"An Innovative Platform for Sustainable Biorefinery and Energy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"63834d3e01c2550240908758fb0fbe34",slug:"glycerine-production-and-transformation-an-innovative-platform-for-sustainable-biorefinery-and-energy",bookSignature:"Marco Frediani, Mattia Bartoli and Luca Rosi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8448.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"53209",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Frediani",slug:"marco-frediani",fullName:"Marco Frediani"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6829",title:"Petroleum Chemicals",subtitle:"Recent Insight",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"058919afbb548d3448e70238b4637e84",slug:"petroleum-chemicals-recent-insight",bookSignature:"Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6829.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"92105",title:"Dr.",name:"Mansoor",middleName:null,surname:"Zoveidavianpoor",slug:"mansoor-zoveidavianpoor",fullName:"Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6770",title:"Laboratory Unit Operations and Experimental Methods in Chemical Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a139364b1ca4b347f2321a0430079830",slug:"laboratory-unit-operations-and-experimental-methods-in-chemical-engineering",bookSignature:"Omar M. Basha and Badie I. Morsi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6770.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"174770",title:"Dr.",name:"Omar M.",middleName:null,surname:"Basha",slug:"omar-m.-basha",fullName:"Omar M. Basha"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7230",title:"Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cebbba5d7b2b6c41fafebde32f87f90b",slug:"recent-advances-in-ionic-liquids",bookSignature:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7230.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"24438",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed Muzibur",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",slug:"mohammed-muzibur-rahman",fullName:"Mohammed Muzibur Rahman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6186",title:"Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Capture and Oil Recovery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"720a601cd2b5476cbeb817906a4ab2dd",slug:"carbon-dioxide-chemistry-capture-and-oil-recovery",bookSignature:"Iyad Karamé, Janah Shaya and Hassan Srour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6186.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"145512",title:"Prof.",name:"Iyad",middleName:null,surname:"Karamé",slug:"iyad-karame",fullName:"Iyad Karamé"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6730",title:"Palm Oil",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"96d058f3abbc8d0660dcd56042a8ece8",slug:"palm-oil",bookSignature:"Viduranga Waisundara",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6730.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"194281",title:"Dr.",name:"Viduranga Yashasvi",middleName:null,surname:"Waisundara",slug:"viduranga-yashasvi-waisundara",fullName:"Viduranga Yashasvi Waisundara"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6631",title:"Heat Transfer",subtitle:"Models, Methods and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"18bd3ce3b071e4f0cb9d4f58ac33c2fa",slug:"heat-transfer-models-methods-and-applications",bookSignature:"Konstantin Volkov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6631.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"118184",title:"Dr.",name:"Konstantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volkov",slug:"konstantin-volkov",fullName:"Konstantin Volkov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5758",title:"Pyrolysis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"536c8699f8fa7504a63a23de45158a24",slug:"pyrolysis",bookSignature:"Mohamed Samer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5758.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"175050",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Samer",slug:"mohamed-samer",fullName:"Mohamed Samer"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5452",title:"Distillation",subtitle:"Innovative Applications and Modeling",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ec5881c323f1825291a733ddb8356285",slug:"distillation-innovative-applications-and-modeling",bookSignature:"Marisa Fernandes Mendes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5452.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"35803",title:"Dr.",name:"Marisa",middleName:null,surname:"Mendes",slug:"marisa-mendes",fullName:"Marisa Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5143",title:"Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR)",subtitle:"a Practical Overview",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0b7842ba790370b5485de1694611376",slug:"chemical-enhanced-oil-recovery-ceor-a-practical-overview",bookSignature:"Laura Romero-Zeron",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5143.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109465",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Romero-Zerón",slug:"laura-romero-zeron",fullName:"Laura Romero-Zerón"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:38,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"13254",doi:"10.5772/13474",title:"Insight Into Adsorption Thermodynamics",slug:"insight-into-adsorption-thermodynamics",totalDownloads:6549,totalCrossrefCites:58,totalDimensionsCites:154,book:{slug:"thermodynamics",title:"Thermodynamics",fullTitle:"Thermodynamics"},signatures:"Papita Saha and Shamik Chowdhury",authors:[{id:"13943",title:"Dr.",name:"Papita",middleName:null,surname:"Saha",slug:"papita-saha",fullName:"Papita Saha"},{id:"24184",title:"Mr.",name:"Shamik",middleName:null,surname:"Chowdhury",slug:"shamik-chowdhury",fullName:"Shamik Chowdhury"}]},{id:"23520",doi:"10.5772/20206",title:"Dissolution Trapping of Carbon Dioxide in Reservoir Formation Brine – A Carbon Storage Mechanism",slug:"dissolution-trapping-of-carbon-dioxide-in-reservoir-formation-brine-a-carbon-storage-mechanism",totalDownloads:5058,totalCrossrefCites:30,totalDimensionsCites:80,book:{slug:"mass-transfer-advanced-aspects",title:"Mass Transfer",fullTitle:"Mass Transfer - Advanced Aspects"},signatures:"Stefan Iglauer",authors:[{id:"37799",title:"Dr.",name:"Stefan",middleName:null,surname:"Iglauer",slug:"stefan-iglauer",fullName:"Stefan Iglauer"}]},{id:"13466",doi:"10.5772/13548",title:"Microwave Heating Applied to Pyrolysis",slug:"microwave-heating-applied-to-pyrolysis",totalDownloads:5118,totalCrossrefCites:18,totalDimensionsCites:76,book:{slug:"advances-in-induction-and-microwave-heating-of-mineral-and-organic-materials",title:"Advances in Induction and Microwave Heating of Mineral and Organic Materials",fullTitle:"Advances in Induction and Microwave Heating of Mineral and Organic Materials"},signatures:"Yolanda Fernandez, Ana Arenillas and J. Angel Menendez",authors:[{id:"14045",title:"Dr.",name:"J. Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Menéndez Díaz",slug:"j.-angel-menendez-diaz",fullName:"J. Angel Menéndez Díaz"},{id:"15134",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"Arenillas",slug:"ana-arenillas",fullName:"Ana Arenillas"},{id:"15135",title:"Dr.",name:"Yolanda",middleName:null,surname:"Fernandez",slug:"yolanda-fernandez",fullName:"Yolanda Fernandez"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"56034",title:"Pyrolysis: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Waste",slug:"pyrolysis-a-sustainable-way-to-generate-energy-from-waste",totalDownloads:5261,totalCrossrefCites:12,totalDimensionsCites:17,book:{slug:"pyrolysis",title:"Pyrolysis",fullTitle:"Pyrolysis"},signatures:"Chowdhury Zaira Zaman, Kaushik Pal, Wageeh A. Yehye, Suresh\nSagadevan, Syed Tawab Shah, Ganiyu Abimbola Adebisi, Emy\nMarliana, Rahman Faijur Rafique and Rafie Bin Johan",authors:[{id:"198251",title:"Dr.",name:"Zaira",middleName:null,surname:"Chowdhury",slug:"zaira-chowdhury",fullName:"Zaira Chowdhury"},{id:"208451",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Kaushik",middleName:null,surname:"Pal",slug:"kaushik-pal",fullName:"Kaushik Pal"}]},{id:"44033",title:"Ion-Exchange Chromatography and Its Applications",slug:"ion-exchange-chromatography-and-its-applications",totalDownloads:27013,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:16,book:{slug:"column-chromatography",title:"Column Chromatography",fullTitle:"Column Chromatography"},signatures:"Özlem Bahadir Acikara",authors:[{id:"109364",title:"Dr.",name:"Özlem",middleName:null,surname:"Bahadır Acıkara",slug:"ozlem-bahadir-acikara",fullName:"Özlem Bahadır Acıkara"}]},{id:"59836",title:"Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Methanol: Opportunities and Fundamental Challenges",slug:"carbon-dioxide-conversion-to-methanol-opportunities-and-fundamental-challenges",totalDownloads:3896,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,book:{slug:"carbon-dioxide-chemistry-capture-and-oil-recovery",title:"Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Capture and Oil Recovery",fullTitle:"Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Capture and Oil Recovery"},signatures:"Sajeda A. Al-Saydeh and Syed Javaid Zaidi",authors:[{id:"193992",title:"Prof.",name:"Syed",middleName:null,surname:"Zaidi",slug:"syed-zaidi",fullName:"Syed Zaidi"},{id:"233125",title:"MSc.",name:"Sajeda",middleName:null,surname:"Alsaydeh",slug:"sajeda-alsaydeh",fullName:"Sajeda Alsaydeh"}]},{id:"57510",title:"Solvents for Carbon Dioxide Capture",slug:"solvents-for-carbon-dioxide-capture",totalDownloads:2173,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:10,book:{slug:"carbon-dioxide-chemistry-capture-and-oil-recovery",title:"Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Capture and Oil Recovery",fullTitle:"Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Capture and Oil Recovery"},signatures:"Fernando Vega, Mercedes Cano, Sara Camino, Luz M. Gallego\nFernández, Esmeralda Portillo and Benito Navarrete",authors:[{id:"10704",title:"Prof.",name:"Benito",middleName:null,surname:"Navarrete",slug:"benito-navarrete",fullName:"Benito Navarrete"},{id:"209759",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Vega",slug:"fernando-vega",fullName:"Fernando Vega"},{id:"218843",title:"Dr.",name:"Mercedes",middleName:null,surname:"Cano",slug:"mercedes-cano",fullName:"Mercedes Cano"},{id:"218844",title:"Mrs.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Camino",slug:"sara-camino",fullName:"Sara Camino"},{id:"218845",title:"Mrs.",name:"Luz. M.",middleName:null,surname:"Gallego Fernández",slug:"luz.-m.-gallego-fernandez",fullName:"Luz. M. Gallego Fernández"},{id:"218846",title:"Mrs.",name:"Esmeralda",middleName:null,surname:"Portillo",slug:"esmeralda-portillo",fullName:"Esmeralda Portillo"}]},{id:"52155",title:"EOR Processes, Opportunities and Technological Advancements",slug:"eor-processes-opportunities-and-technological-advancements",totalDownloads:4284,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:12,book:{slug:"chemical-enhanced-oil-recovery-ceor-a-practical-overview",title:"Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR)",fullTitle:"Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) - a Practical Overview"},signatures:"Lezorgia Nekabari Nwidee, Stephen Theophilus, Ahmed Barifcani,\nMohammad Sarmadivaleh and Stefan Iglauer",authors:[{id:"37799",title:"Dr.",name:"Stefan",middleName:null,surname:"Iglauer",slug:"stefan-iglauer",fullName:"Stefan Iglauer"},{id:"179076",title:"Dr.",name:"Lezorgia",middleName:"Nekabari",surname:"Nwidee",slug:"lezorgia-nwidee",fullName:"Lezorgia Nwidee"},{id:"179077",title:"Prof.",name:"Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Barifcani",slug:"ahmed-barifcani",fullName:"Ahmed Barifcani"},{id:"179078",title:"Prof.",name:"Stephen",middleName:null,surname:"Theophilus",slug:"stephen-theophilus",fullName:"Stephen Theophilus"},{id:"189371",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarmadivaleh",slug:"mohammad-sarmadivaleh",fullName:"Mohammad Sarmadivaleh"}]},{id:"54078",title:"Distillation Techniques in the Fruit Spirits Production",slug:"distillation-techniques-in-the-fruit-spirits-production",totalDownloads:3686,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:12,book:{slug:"distillation-innovative-applications-and-modeling",title:"Distillation",fullTitle:"Distillation - Innovative Applications and Modeling"},signatures:"Nermina Spaho",authors:[{id:"189124",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Nermina",middleName:null,surname:"Spaho",slug:"nermina-spaho",fullName:"Nermina Spaho"}]},{id:"60752",title:"Biomaterial from Oil Palm Waste: Properties, Characterization and Applications",slug:"biomaterial-from-oil-palm-waste-properties-characterization-and-applications",totalDownloads:1669,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:12,book:{slug:"palm-oil",title:"Palm Oil",fullTitle:"Palm Oil"},signatures:"Rudi Dungani, Pingkan Aditiawati, Sri Aprilia, Karnita Yuniarti, Tati\nKarliati, Ichsan Suwandhi and Ihak Sumardi",authors:[{id:"220081",title:"Dr.",name:"Pingkan",middleName:null,surname:"Aditiawati",slug:"pingkan-aditiawati",fullName:"Pingkan Aditiawati"},{id:"234728",title:"Dr.",name:"Rudi",middleName:null,surname:"Dungani",slug:"rudi-dungani",fullName:"Rudi Dungani"},{id:"249537",title:"Dr.",name:"Sri",middleName:null,surname:"Aprilia",slug:"sri-aprilia",fullName:"Sri Aprilia"},{id:"249539",title:"Dr.",name:"Karnita",middleName:null,surname:"Yuniarti",slug:"karnita-yuniarti",fullName:"Karnita Yuniarti"},{id:"249541",title:"Dr.",name:"Tati",middleName:null,surname:"Karliati",slug:"tati-karliati",fullName:"Tati Karliati"},{id:"249542",title:"Dr.",name:"Ichsan",middleName:null,surname:"Suwandi",slug:"ichsan-suwandi",fullName:"Ichsan Suwandi"},{id:"249543",title:"Dr.",name:"Ihak",middleName:null,surname:"Sumardi",slug:"ihak-sumardi",fullName:"Ihak Sumardi"},{id:"256251",title:"Dr.",name:"Sri",middleName:null,surname:"Hartati",slug:"sri-hartati",fullName:"Sri Hartati"}]},{id:"51915",title:"Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery",slug:"microbial-enhanced-oil-recovery-2016-10-14",totalDownloads:3903,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:8,book:{slug:"chemical-enhanced-oil-recovery-ceor-a-practical-overview",title:"Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR)",fullTitle:"Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) - a Practical Overview"},signatures:"Aliya Yernazarova, Gulzhan Kayirmanova, Almagul Baubekova and\nAzhar Zhubanova",authors:[{id:"178534",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Aliya",middleName:null,surname:"Yernazarova",slug:"aliya-yernazarova",fullName:"Aliya Yernazarova"},{id:"179203",title:"Dr.",name:"Gulzhan",middleName:null,surname:"Kaiyrmanova",slug:"gulzhan-kaiyrmanova",fullName:"Gulzhan Kaiyrmanova"},{id:"191673",title:"Dr.",name:"Almagul",middleName:null,surname:"Baubekova",slug:"almagul-baubekova",fullName:"Almagul Baubekova"},{id:"194422",title:"Dr.",name:"Azhar",middleName:null,surname:"Zhubanova",slug:"azhar-zhubanova",fullName:"Azhar Zhubanova"}]},{id:"58728",title:"Techniques for the Fabrication of Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces and Their Heat Transfer Applications",slug:"techniques-for-the-fabrication-of-super-hydrophobic-surfaces-and-their-heat-transfer-applications",totalDownloads:1622,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:4,book:{slug:"heat-transfer-models-methods-and-applications",title:"Heat Transfer",fullTitle:"Heat Transfer - Models, Methods and Applications"},signatures:"Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Arslan Qasim, Sullahuddin Malik\nand Ghulam Murtaza",authors:[{id:"187624",title:"Dr.",name:"Hafiz Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Ali",slug:"hafiz-muhammad-ali",fullName:"Hafiz Muhammad Ali"},{id:"233669",title:"MSc.",name:"Arslan",middleName:null,surname:"Qasim",slug:"arslan-qasim",fullName:"Arslan Qasim"},{id:"236423",title:"MSc.",name:"Sullahuddin",middleName:null,surname:"Malik",slug:"sullahuddin-malik",fullName:"Sullahuddin Malik"},{id:"236424",title:"MSc.",name:"Ghulam",middleName:null,surname:"Murtaza",slug:"ghulam-murtaza",fullName:"Ghulam Murtaza"}]},{id:"38711",title:"Hydrogen Storage for Energy Application",slug:"hydrogen-storage-for-energy-application",totalDownloads:11233,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:20,book:{slug:"hydrogen-storage",title:"Hydrogen Storage",fullTitle:"Hydrogen Storage"},signatures:"Rahul Krishna, Elby Titus, Maryam Salimian, Olena Okhay, Sivakumar Rajendran, Ananth Rajkumar, J. M. G. Sousa, A. L. C. Ferreira, João Campos Gil and Jose Gracio",authors:[{id:"25491",title:"Dr.",name:"Elby",middleName:null,surname:"Titus",slug:"elby-titus",fullName:"Elby Titus"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"engineering-chemical-engineering",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10176",title:"Microgrids and Local Energy Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c32b4a5351a88f263074b0d0ca813a9c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nick Jenkins",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10176.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55219",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",middleName:null,surname:"Jenkins",slug:"nick-jenkins",fullName:"Nick Jenkins"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:8,limit:8,total:1},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/263414/selma-lukacevic",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"263414",slug:"selma-lukacevic"},fullPath:"/profiles/263414/selma-lukacevic",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()