Linearized density of states (DOS)
\\n\\n
More than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\\n\\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\\n\\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\\n\\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\\n\\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\\n\\n\\n\\n
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
Simba Information has released its Open Access Book Publishing 2020 - 2024 report and has again identified IntechOpen as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\n\nSimba Information is a leading provider for market intelligence and forecasts in the media and publishing industry. The report, published every year, provides an overview and financial outlook for the global professional e-book publishing market.
\n\nIntechOpen, De Gruyter, and Frontiers are the largest OA book publishers by title count, with IntechOpen coming in at first place with 5,101 OA books published, a good 1,782 titles ahead of the nearest competitor.
\n\nSince the first Open Access Book Publishing report published in 2016, IntechOpen has held the top stop each year.
\n\n\n\nMore than half of the publishers listed alongside IntechOpen (18 out of 30) are Social Science and Humanities publishers. IntechOpen is an exception to this as a leader in not only Open Access content but Open Access content across all scientific disciplines, including Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Health Sciences, Life Science, and Social Sciences and Humanities.
\n\nOur breakdown of titles published demonstrates this with 47% PET, 31% HS, 18% LS, and 4% SSH books published.
\n\n“Even though ItechOpen has shown the potential of sci-tech books using an OA approach,” other publishers “have shown little interest in OA books.”
\n\nAdditionally, each book published by IntechOpen contains original content and research findings.
\n\nWe are honored to be among such prestigious publishers and we hope to continue to spearhead that growth in our quest to promote Open Access as a true pioneer in OA book publishing.
\n\n\n\n
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-signs-new-contract-with-cepiec-china-for-distribution-of-open-access-books-20210319",title:"IntechOpen Signs New Contract with CEPIEC, China for Distribution of Open Access Books"},{slug:"150-million-downloads-and-counting-20210316",title:"150 Million Downloads and Counting"},{slug:"intechopen-secures-indefinite-content-preservation-with-clockss-20210309",title:"IntechOpen Secures Indefinite Content Preservation with CLOCKSS"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-to-all-global-amazon-channels-with-full-catalog-of-books-20210308",title:"IntechOpen Expands to All Global Amazon Channels with Full Catalog of Books"},{slug:"stanford-university-identifies-top-2-scientists-over-1-000-are-intechopen-authors-and-editors-20210122",title:"Stanford University Identifies Top 2% Scientists, Over 1,000 are IntechOpen Authors and Editors"},{slug:"intechopen-authors-included-in-the-highly-cited-researchers-list-for-2020-20210121",title:"IntechOpen Authors Included in the Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020"},{slug:"intechopen-maintains-position-as-the-world-s-largest-oa-book-publisher-20201218",title:"IntechOpen Maintains Position as the World’s Largest OA Book Publisher"},{slug:"all-intechopen-books-available-on-perlego-20201215",title:"All IntechOpen Books Available on Perlego"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"7465",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Trends in Geomatics - An Earth Science Perspective",title:"Trends in Geomatics",subtitle:"An Earth Science Perspective",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"The applications of geomatics technology in its broader context have resulted in significant progress in the field of earth science. This book provides brief coverage on some trends in geomatics technology as it relates to earth scientists. The development in geomatics, whether GIS, remote sensing, GPS or photogrammetry, can be seen from trends in the applications of Big Data, Smart City, Internet of Things (IoT), the use of augmented reality and utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and in the impact of machine learning and AI on geomatics.",isbn:"978-1-78985-436-7",printIsbn:"978-1-78985-435-0",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83962-034-8",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75730",price:100,priceEur:109,priceUsd:129,slug:"trends-in-geomatics-an-earth-science-perspective",numberOfPages:98,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,hash:"a32ff40d6c47e2b545b92d5075508c9c",bookSignature:"Rifaat Abdalla",publishedDate:"February 20th 2019",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7465.jpg",numberOfDownloads:2905,numberOfWosCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitations:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:1,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:3,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 26th 2018",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"March 19th 2018",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"May 18th 2018",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"August 6th 2018",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"October 5th 2018",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,editors:[{id:"222877",title:"Dr.",name:"Rifaat",middleName:null,surname:"Abdalla",slug:"rifaat-abdalla",fullName:"Rifaat Abdalla",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/222877/images/system/222877.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Rifaat Abdalla is an Associate Professor in the Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University. He is specialized in GeoInformatics with focus on WebGIS Applications and Remote Sensing Modeling. Dr. Rifaat Abdalla is a Certified GIS Professional (GISP) and Professional Geoscientist (P.Geo.) from Ontario, Canada. He was with the King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah for five years prior to joining Sultan Qaboos University in 2017. Dr. Abdalla worked in the Oil Industry in Qatar and in the UK. He was also teaching at York University and Ryerson University in Canada. His research interests include Hydrography and Marine Applications for GIS; Modeling and Simulation; Mobile Handheld GIS Visualization; and Disaster Management and Emergency Response Mapping. Dr. Abdalla is a recipient of several prestigious international awards, including the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) PE&RS Best Scientific Paper by ESRI.",institutionString:"Sultan Qaboos University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Sultan Qaboos University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Oman"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"785",title:"Geomatics",slug:"geomatics"}],chapters:[{id:"65364",title:"Introduction Chapter: From Land Surveying to Geomatics - Multidisciplinary Technological Trends",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.82424",slug:"introduction-chapter-from-land-surveying-to-geomatics-multidisciplinary-technological-trends",totalDownloads:900,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Rifaat Abdalla",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/65364",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/65364",authors:[{id:"222877",title:"Dr.",name:"Rifaat",surname:"Abdalla",slug:"rifaat-abdalla",fullName:"Rifaat Abdalla"}],corrections:null},{id:"64719",title:"Architectural Design and Prototyping of Co-PPGIS: A Groupware-Based Online Synchronous Collaborative PPGIS to Support Municipality Development and Planning Management Workflows",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.80091",slug:"architectural-design-and-prototyping-of-co-ppgis-a-groupware-based-online-synchronous-collaborative-",totalDownloads:609,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Muhammad A. Butt, Syed Amer Mahmood, Javed Sami, Jahanzeb\nQureshi, Muhammad Kashif Nazir, Amer Masood, Khadija Waheed\nand Aysha Khalid",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/64719",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/64719",authors:[{id:"3899",title:"Mr.",name:"Syed Amer",surname:"Mahmood",slug:"syed-amer-mahmood",fullName:"Syed Amer Mahmood"},{id:"242037",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Atif",surname:"Butt",slug:"m.-atif-butt",fullName:"M. Atif Butt"},{id:"269239",title:"Mr.",name:"Javed",surname:"Sami",slug:"javed-sami",fullName:"Javed Sami"},{id:"269240",title:"Mr.",name:"Jahanzeb",surname:"Qureshi",slug:"jahanzeb-qureshi",fullName:"Jahanzeb Qureshi"},{id:"269241",title:"Mr.",name:"Amer",surname:"Masood",slug:"amer-masood",fullName:"Amer Masood"},{id:"270009",title:"Mr.",name:"Muhammad Kashif",surname:"Nazir",slug:"muhammad-kashif-nazir",fullName:"Muhammad Kashif Nazir"}],corrections:null},{id:"62267",title:"Identification of Karst Forms Using LiDAR Technology: Cozumel Island, Mexico",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79196",slug:"identification-of-karst-forms-using-lidar-technology-cozumel-island-mexico",totalDownloads:440,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Oscar Frausto-Martínez, Norma Angelica Zapi-Salazar and Orlando\nColin-Olivares",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62267",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62267",authors:[{id:"185429",title:"Dr.",name:"Oscar",surname:"Frausto-Martinez",slug:"oscar-frausto-martinez",fullName:"Oscar Frausto-Martinez"},{id:"258227",title:"MSc.",name:"Orlando",surname:"Colin - Olivares",slug:"orlando-colin-olivares",fullName:"Orlando Colin - Olivares"},{id:"258228",title:"MSc.",name:"Norma Angélica",surname:"Zapi - Salazar",slug:"norma-angelica-zapi-salazar",fullName:"Norma Angélica Zapi - Salazar"}],corrections:null},{id:"64929",title:"Lessons Learned from the Establishments of the First Hydrographic Surveying Program in the Middle East",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.82527",slug:"lessons-learned-from-the-establishments-of-the-first-hydrographic-surveying-program-in-the-middle-ea",totalDownloads:492,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Rifaat Abdalla and Salim Al-Harbi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/64929",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/64929",authors:[{id:"222877",title:"Dr.",name:"Rifaat",surname:"Abdalla",slug:"rifaat-abdalla",fullName:"Rifaat Abdalla"}],corrections:null},{id:"64109",title:"Mathematical Analysis of Some Typical Problems in Geodesy by Means of Computer Algebra",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.81586",slug:"mathematical-analysis-of-some-typical-problems-in-geodesy-by-means-of-computer-algebra",totalDownloads:472,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Hou-pu Li and Shao-feng Bian",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/64109",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/64109",authors:[{id:"141289",title:"Prof.",name:"Shao-Feng",surname:"Bian",slug:"shao-feng-bian",fullName:"Shao-Feng Bian"},{id:"141296",title:"Dr.",name:"Hou-Pu",surname:"Li",slug:"hou-pu-li",fullName:"Hou-Pu Li"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5246",title:"Geospatial Technology",subtitle:"Environmental and Social Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79ea6b081cf0704d747c97857464d3fd",slug:"geospatial-technology-environmental-and-social-applications",bookSignature:"Pasquale Imperatore and Antonio Pepe",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5246.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4222",title:"Dr.",name:"Pasquale",surname:"Imperatore",slug:"pasquale-imperatore",fullName:"Pasquale Imperatore"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"66684",slug:"corrigendum-to-therapeutic-use-of-some-romanian-medicinal-plants",title:"Corrigendum to: Therapeutic Use of Some Romanian Medicinal Plants",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/66684.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/66684",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/66684",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/66684",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/66684",chapter:{id:"64833",slug:"therapeutic-use-of-some-romanian-medicinal-plants",signatures:"Adina-Elena Segneanu, Claudiu Cepan, Ioan Grozescu, Florentina Cziple, Sorin Olariu, Sonia Ratiu, Viorica Lazar, Sorin Marius Murariu, Silvia Maria Velciov and Teodora Daniela Marti",dateSubmitted:"July 23rd 2018",dateReviewed:"November 11th 2018",datePrePublished:"January 9th 2019",datePublished:"June 19th 2019",book:{id:"8290",title:"Pharmacognosy",subtitle:"Medicinal Plants",fullTitle:"Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants",slug:"pharmacognosy-medicinal-plants",publishedDate:"June 19th 2019",bookSignature:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Al-Taweel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8290.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"25269",title:"Dr.",name:"Adina-Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Segneanu",fullName:"Adina-Elena Segneanu",slug:"adina-elena-segneanu",email:"s_adinaelena@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"156334",title:"Prof.",name:"Ioan",middleName:null,surname:"Grozescu",fullName:"Ioan Grozescu",slug:"ioan-grozescu",email:"ioangrozescu@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205722",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Velciov",fullName:"Silvia Velciov",slug:"silvia-velciov",email:"s_velciov@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205723",title:"Prof.",name:"Sorin",middleName:null,surname:"Olariu",fullName:"Sorin Olariu",slug:"sorin-olariu",email:"srolariu@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205724",title:"Dr.",name:"Florentina",middleName:null,surname:"Cziple",fullName:"Florentina Cziple",slug:"florentina-cziple",email:"cflorentina@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282836",title:"MSc.",name:"Claudiu",middleName:null,surname:"Cepan",fullName:"Claudiu Cepan",slug:"claudiu-cepan",email:"cepancaludiu@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282837",title:"Dr.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Ratiu",fullName:"Sonia Ratiu",slug:"sonia-ratiu",email:"srnolariu@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282839",title:"Dr.",name:"Viorica",middleName:null,surname:"Lazar",fullName:"Viorica Lazar",slug:"viorica-lazar",email:"v.lazar@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"287216",title:"Dr.",name:"Teodora Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Marti",fullName:"Teodora Daniela Marti",slug:"teodora-daniela-marti",email:"dana_m73@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"64833",slug:"therapeutic-use-of-some-romanian-medicinal-plants",signatures:"Adina-Elena Segneanu, Claudiu Cepan, Ioan Grozescu, Florentina Cziple, Sorin Olariu, Sonia Ratiu, Viorica Lazar, Sorin Marius Murariu, Silvia Maria Velciov and Teodora Daniela Marti",dateSubmitted:"July 23rd 2018",dateReviewed:"November 11th 2018",datePrePublished:"January 9th 2019",datePublished:"June 19th 2019",book:{id:"8290",title:"Pharmacognosy",subtitle:"Medicinal Plants",fullTitle:"Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants",slug:"pharmacognosy-medicinal-plants",publishedDate:"June 19th 2019",bookSignature:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Al-Taweel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8290.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"25269",title:"Dr.",name:"Adina-Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Segneanu",fullName:"Adina-Elena Segneanu",slug:"adina-elena-segneanu",email:"s_adinaelena@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"156334",title:"Prof.",name:"Ioan",middleName:null,surname:"Grozescu",fullName:"Ioan Grozescu",slug:"ioan-grozescu",email:"ioangrozescu@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205722",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Velciov",fullName:"Silvia Velciov",slug:"silvia-velciov",email:"s_velciov@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205723",title:"Prof.",name:"Sorin",middleName:null,surname:"Olariu",fullName:"Sorin Olariu",slug:"sorin-olariu",email:"srolariu@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"205724",title:"Dr.",name:"Florentina",middleName:null,surname:"Cziple",fullName:"Florentina Cziple",slug:"florentina-cziple",email:"cflorentina@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282836",title:"MSc.",name:"Claudiu",middleName:null,surname:"Cepan",fullName:"Claudiu Cepan",slug:"claudiu-cepan",email:"cepancaludiu@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282837",title:"Dr.",name:"Sonia",middleName:null,surname:"Ratiu",fullName:"Sonia Ratiu",slug:"sonia-ratiu",email:"srnolariu@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"282839",title:"Dr.",name:"Viorica",middleName:null,surname:"Lazar",fullName:"Viorica Lazar",slug:"viorica-lazar",email:"v.lazar@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"287216",title:"Dr.",name:"Teodora Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Marti",fullName:"Teodora Daniela Marti",slug:"teodora-daniela-marti",email:"dana_m73@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"8290",title:"Pharmacognosy",subtitle:"Medicinal Plants",fullTitle:"Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants",slug:"pharmacognosy-medicinal-plants",publishedDate:"June 19th 2019",bookSignature:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Al-Taweel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8290.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"10367",leadTitle:null,title:"Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"
\r\n\tThe book, Chitin and Chitosan - Physicochemical Properties and Industrial Applications, provides an overview of the extraction, modification, characterization, and application of chitin and chitosan derivatives from crustacean by-products and their physicochemical properties. It presents and explains important studies and develops new and innovative methods of biological and physicochemical analysis in the fields of organic and mineral environmental pollution, corrosion inhibitors, drug delivery systems, superabsorbent materials, nanotechnology, textiles, biotechnology, and biomedical sciences.
\r\n\r\n\tOur book will distinguish itself from competing volumes by discussing the synthesis, purification, analysis, and properties of chitin-chitosan polymers as a renewable source of natural biodegradable polysaccharides and also by presenting various practical and potential new applications of these materials. It is highly recommended for industrial personnel involved in bioprocesses, biochemistry, microbiology, bioengineering, food engineering, medical and pharmaceutical industries as well as for readers interested in environmental protection and who wish to specialize in chitin and chitosan derivative technologies.
",isbn:"978-1-78984-425-2",printIsbn:"978-1-78984-424-5",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83968-695-5",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7c3368aba02cb516b5ef5e0711ce4da2",bookSignature:"Prof. Mohammed Berrada",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10367.jpg",keywords:"Chemistry of Chitosan, Synthesis, Modification, Drug Delivery Systems, Wound dressings, Hydrogels, Corrosion Inhibitors, Polysaccharide-Based Superabsorbents Materials, Bioactivity of Chitin, Bioactivity of Chitosan, Adsorption of Industrial Waste. Elimination of Industrial Waste",numberOfDownloads:549,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,numberOfTotalCitations:0,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"September 4th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"October 2nd 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"December 1st 2020",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"February 19th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"April 20th 2021",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"6 months",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"A pioneering researcher in polymer science, involved in numerous university-industry transfer technology projects. Appointed head of the Innovation and Technology Platform at Hassan II University. Member of the Quebec Order of Chemists and holder of more than ten registered patents.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"224783",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Berrada",slug:"mohammed-berrada",fullName:"Mohammed Berrada",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/224783/images/system/224783.jpg",biography:"Professor Berrada joined the Hassan II University of Casablanca in 1994 and assumed many responsibilities which led him to head the Casablanca Innovation and Technology Platform. He has set up in his Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis, a research program in the fields of thermostable and photosensitive materials, intelligent polymers, hydrogels, and nanoparticles for drug delivery systems, biodegradable superabsorbents, and corrosion inhibitors. Professor Berrada received a Ph.D. in Polymer Science from the Macromolecular Sciences Division of Pierre and Marie Curie University in 1992, and another Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Ben M\\'Sik Faculty of Sciences in 1998. He completed postdoctoral training at the Engineering Department of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology in Japan in 1994. From 2006 to 2009, Professor Berrada was Director of Research and Development Department at Intersand Inc., where he patented the innovative OdourLock litter technology which was a breakthrough and a huge success for the company. He joined Lysac Technologies in January 2003 and took on the task of creating and leading the Department of Polymer Chemistry. Prof. Berrada has also been involved in many University-Industry transfer technology projects. In 1998, he joined the Department of Radiation Oncology at McGill University. In 2000, he joined Biosyntech Inc. a Canadian pharmaceutical industry and was Director of the Therapeutic Delivery Department. Professor Berrada has published over 150 peer-reviewed scientific articles and conference proceedings and is the author of several published and industrially exploited patents.",institutionString:"Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"University of Hassan II Casablanca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Morocco"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"6",title:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",slug:"biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology"}],chapters:[{id:"75077",title:"The Application of Chitosan-Based Compounds against Metallic Corrosion",slug:"the-application-of-chitosan-based-compounds-against-metallic-corrosion",totalDownloads:52,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"75969",title:"Wound Dressing Application of Ch/CD Nanocomposite Film",slug:"wound-dressing-application-of-ch-cd-nanocomposite-film",totalDownloads:19,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"75105",title:"Ternary Solid Dispersion Strategy for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs by Co-Milling Technique",slug:"ternary-solid-dispersion-strategy-for-solubility-enhancement-of-poorly-soluble-drugs-by-co-milling-t",totalDownloads:41,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"75861",title:"Proton Conductivity in Chitin System",slug:"proton-conductivity-in-chitin-system",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"75157",title:"Innovative Separation Technology Utilizing Marine Bioresources: Multifaceted Development of a Chitosan-Based System Leading to Environmentally-Friendly Processes",slug:"innovative-separation-technology-utilizing-marine-bioresources-multifaceted-development-of-a-chitosa",totalDownloads:43,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"74144",title:"A Novel Drug Delivery System Based on Nanoparticles of Magnetite Fe3O4 Embedded in an Auto Cross-Linked Chitosan",slug:"a-novel-drug-delivery-system-based-on-nanoparticles-of-magnetite-fe3o4-embedded-in-an-auto-cross-lin",totalDownloads:126,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"74871",title:"Chitosan-Based Oral Drug Delivery System for Peptide, Protein and Vaccine Delivery",slug:"chitosan-based-oral-drug-delivery-system-for-peptide-protein-and-vaccine-delivery",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"74561",title:"Gastrointestinal Delivery of APIs from Chitosan Nanoparticles",slug:"gastrointestinal-delivery-of-apis-from-chitosan-nanoparticles",totalDownloads:125,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"74941",title:"Modulating the Physicochemical Properties of Chitin and Chitosan as a Method of Obtaining New Biological Properties of Biodegradable Materials",slug:"modulating-the-physicochemical-properties-of-chitin-and-chitosan-as-a-method-of-obtaining-new-biolog",totalDownloads:55,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"74877",title:"Characterization of Chitosan Membrane Modified with Silane-Coupled Nanosilica for Polymer Electrolyte",slug:"characterization-of-chitosan-membrane-modified-with-silane-coupled-nanosilica-for-polymer-electrolyt",totalDownloads:61,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"297737",firstName:"Mateo",lastName:"Pulko",middleName:null,title:"Mr.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/297737/images/8492_n.png",email:"mateo.p@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6694",title:"New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3de8c8b090fd8faa7c11ec5b387c486a",slug:"new-trends-in-ion-exchange-studies",bookSignature:"Selcan Karakuş",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6694.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206110",title:"Dr.",name:"Selcan",surname:"Karakuş",slug:"selcan-karakus",fullName:"Selcan Karakuş"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"11759",title:"Importance of the Initial Conditions and the Time Schedule in the Simulated Annealing",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.83946",slug:"importance-of-the-initial-conditions-and-the-time-schedule-in-the-simulated-annealing",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/11759.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/11759",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/11759",totalDownloads:2504,totalViews:79,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:null,dateReviewed:null,datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"August 18th 2010",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/11759",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/11759",book:{slug:"simulated-annealing--theory-with-applications"},signatures:"Kambiz Shojaee G., Hamed Shakouri G. and Mojtaba Behnam Taghadosi",authors:null,sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"3757",title:"Simulated Annealing",subtitle:"Theory with Applications",fullTitle:"Simulated Annealing, Theory with Applications",slug:"simulated-annealing--theory-with-applications",publishedDate:"August 18th 2010",bookSignature:"Rui Chibante",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3757.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"10302",title:"Prof.",name:"Rui",middleName:"Marques",surname:"Chibante",slug:"rui-chibante",fullName:"Rui Chibante"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"11748",title:"Parameter Identification of Power Semiconductor Device Models Using Metaheuristics",slug:"parameter-identification-of-power-semiconductor-device-models-using-metaheuristics",totalDownloads:1914,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Rui Chibante, Armando Araujo and Adriano Carvalho",authors:[null]},{id:"11749",title:"Application of Simulated Annealing and Hybrid Methods in the Solution of Inverse Heat and Mass Transfer Problems",slug:"application-of-simulated-annealing-and-hybrid-methods-in-the-solution-of-inverse-heat-and-mass-trans",totalDownloads:1824,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Antônio Silva Neto, Jader Lugon Junior, Francisco J. C. P. Soeiro, Luiz Biondi Neto, Cesar Costapinto Santana, Fran Sergio Lobato and Valder, Junior Steffen",authors:[null]},{id:"11750",title:"Towards Conformal Interstitial Light Therapies: Modelling Parameters, Dose Definitions and Computational Implementation",slug:"towards-conformal-interstitial-light-therapies-modelling-parameters-dose-definitions-and-computation",totalDownloads:1570,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Lothar Lilge, William Lo and Emma Henderson",authors:[null]},{id:"11751",title:"A Location Privacy Aware Network Planning Algorithm for Micromobility Protocols",slug:"a-location-privacy-aware-network-planning-algorithm-for-micromobility-protocols",totalDownloads:1730,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Laszlo Bokor, Vilmos Simon and Sandor Imre",authors:[null]},{id:"11752",title:"Simulated Annealing-Based Large-Scale IP Traffic Matrix Estimation",slug:"simulated-annealing-based-large-scale-ip-traffic-matrix-estimation",totalDownloads:1617,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dingde Jiang, Xingwei Wang, Lei Guo and Zhengzheng Xu",authors:[null]},{id:"11753",title:"Field Sampling Scheme Optimization Using Simulated Annealing",slug:"field-sampling-scheme-optimization-using-simulated-annealing",totalDownloads:2530,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Pravesh Debba",authors:[null]},{id:"11754",title:"A Customized Simulated Annealing Suitable for Primer Design in Polymerase Chain Reaction Processes",slug:"a-customized-simulated-annealing-suitable-for-primer-design-in-polymerase-chain-reaction-processes",totalDownloads:1967,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Luciana Montera, Maria Do Carmo Nicoletti, Said Sadique Adi and Maria Emília Machado Telles Walter",authors:[null]},{id:"11755",title:"Network Reconfiguration for Reliability Worth Enhancement in Distribution Systems by Simulated Annealing",slug:"network-reconfiguration-for-reliability-worth-enhancement-in-distribution-systems-by-simulated-annea",totalDownloads:2725,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Somporn Sirisumrannukul",authors:[null]},{id:"11756",title:"Optimal Design of an IPM Motor for Electric Power Steering Application Using Simulated Annealing Method",slug:"optimal-design-of-an-ipm-motor-for-electric-power-steering-application-using-simulated-annealing-met",totalDownloads:3353,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Hamidreza Akhondi, Hasan Rastegar and Jafar Milimonfared",authors:[null]},{id:"11757",title:"Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm to Solve the Optimal Control Problem",slug:"using-simulated-annealing-algorithm-to-solve-the-optimal-control-problem-",totalDownloads:2160,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Horacio Martinez-Alfaro",authors:[null]},{id:"11758",title:"A Simulated Annealing Band Selection Approach for High-Dimensional Remote Sensing Images",slug:"a-simulated-annealing-band-selection-approach-for-high-dimensional-remote-sensing-images",totalDownloads:1508,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Yang-Lang Chang and Jyh-Perng Fang",authors:[null]},{id:"11759",title:"Importance of the Initial Conditions and the Time Schedule in the Simulated Annealing",slug:"importance-of-the-initial-conditions-and-the-time-schedule-in-the-simulated-annealing",totalDownloads:2504,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Kambiz Shojaee G., Hamed Shakouri G. and Mojtaba Behnam Taghadosi",authors:[null]},{id:"11760",title:"Multilevel Large-Scale Modules Floorplanning/Placement with Improved Neighborhood Exchange in Simulated Annealing",slug:"multilevel-large-scale-modules-floorplanning-placement-with-improved-neighborhood-exchange-in-simula",totalDownloads:1281,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Hung-Ming Chen and Kuan-Chung Wang",authors:[null]},{id:"11761",title:"Simulated Annealing and its Hybridisation on Noisy and Constrained Response Surface Optimisations",slug:"simulated-annealing-and-its-hybridisation-on-noisy-and-constrained-response-surface-optimisations-",totalDownloads:1413,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Pongchanun Luangpaiboon",authors:[null]},{id:"11762",title:"Simulated Annealing for Control of Adaptive Optics System",slug:"simulated-annealing-for-control-of-adaptive-optics-system",totalDownloads:1959,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Huizhen Yang and Xinyang Li",authors:[null]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1917",title:"Principal Component Analysis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f4e1f70e05e715125ecf4d35805a800f",slug:"principal-component-analysis",bookSignature:"Parinya Sanguansat",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1917.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110312",title:"Dr.",name:"Parinya",surname:"Sanguansat",slug:"parinya-sanguansat",fullName:"Parinya Sanguansat"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"30432",title:"Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis and Its Extensions",slug:"2dpca-and-its-extensions",signatures:"Parinya Sanguansat",authors:[{id:"110312",title:"Dr.",name:"Parinya",middleName:null,surname:"Sanguansat",fullName:"Parinya Sanguansat",slug:"parinya-sanguansat"}]},{id:"30433",title:"Application of Principal Component Analysis to Elucidate Experimental and Theoretical Information",slug:"application-of-principal-component-analysis-to-elucidate-experimental-and-theoretical-information",signatures:"Cuauhtémoc Araujo-Andrade Claudio Frausto-Reyes, Esteban Gerbino, Pablo Mobili, Elizabeth Tymczyszyn Edgar L. Esparza-Ibarra, Rumen Ivanov-Tsonchev and Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia",authors:[{id:"110655",title:"Dr.",name:"Cuauhtemoc",middleName:null,surname:"Araujo Andrade",fullName:"Cuauhtemoc Araujo Andrade",slug:"cuauhtemoc-araujo-andrade"},{id:"117913",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudio",middleName:null,surname:"Frausto-Reyes",fullName:"Claudio Frausto-Reyes",slug:"claudio-frausto-reyes"},{id:"117914",title:"MSc.",name:"Esteban",middleName:null,surname:"Gerbino",fullName:"Esteban Gerbino",slug:"esteban-gerbino"},{id:"117915",title:"Dr.",name:"Pablo",middleName:null,surname:"Mobili",fullName:"Pablo Mobili",slug:"pablo-mobili"},{id:"117916",title:"Dr.",name:"Elizabeth",middleName:null,surname:"Tymczyszyn",fullName:"Elizabeth Tymczyszyn",slug:"elizabeth-tymczyszyn"},{id:"117917",title:"Dr.",name:"Edgar L.",middleName:null,surname:"Esparza Ibarra",fullName:"Edgar L. Esparza Ibarra",slug:"edgar-l.-esparza-ibarra"},{id:"117918",title:"Dr.",name:"Rumen",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov-Tsonchev",fullName:"Rumen Ivanov-Tsonchev",slug:"rumen-ivanov-tsonchev"},{id:"117919",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Gómez-Zavaglia",fullName:"Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia",slug:"andrea-gomez-zavaglia"}]},{id:"30434",title:"Principal Component Analysis: A Powerful Interpretative Tool at the Service of Analytical Methodology",slug:"principal-component-analysis-a-powerful-interpretative-tool-at-the-service-of-analytical-methodology",signatures:"Maria Monfreda",authors:[{id:"110493",title:"MSc.",name:"Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Monfreda",fullName:"Maria Monfreda",slug:"maria-monfreda"}]},{id:"30435",title:"Subset Basis Approximation of Kernel Principal Component Analysis",slug:"subset-basis-approximation-of-kernel-principal-component-analysis",signatures:"Yoshikazu Washizawa",authors:[{id:"111018",title:"Dr.",name:"Yoshikazu",middleName:null,surname:"Washizawa",fullName:"Yoshikazu Washizawa",slug:"yoshikazu-washizawa"}]},{id:"30436",title:"Multilinear Supervised Neighborhood Preserving Embedding Analysis of Local Descriptor Tensor",slug:"multilinear-supervised-neighborhood-preserving-embedding-analysis-of-local-descriptor-tensor",signatures:"Xian-Hua Han and Yen-Wei Chen",authors:[{id:"112832",title:"Dr.",name:"Xian-Hua",middleName:null,surname:"Han",fullName:"Xian-Hua Han",slug:"xian-hua-han"}]},{id:"30437",title:"Application of Linear and Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction Methods",slug:"application-of-linear-and-nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction-methods",signatures:"Ramana Vinjamuri, WeiWang, Mingui Sun and Zhi-Hong Mao",authors:[{id:"82002",title:"Dr.",name:"Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Wei Wang",slug:"wei-wang"},{id:"112776",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramana Kumar",middleName:null,surname:"Vinjamuri",fullName:"Ramana Kumar Vinjamuri",slug:"ramana-kumar-vinjamuri"},{id:"118168",title:"Prof.",name:"Mingui",middleName:null,surname:"Sun",fullName:"Mingui Sun",slug:"mingui-sun"},{id:"118169",title:"Prof.",name:"Zhi-Hong",middleName:null,surname:"Mao",fullName:"Zhi-Hong Mao",slug:"zhi-hong-mao"}]},{id:"30438",title:"Acceleration of Convergence of the Alternating Least Squares Algorithm for Nonlinear Principal Components Analysis",slug:"acceleration-of-convergence-of-the-alternating-least-squares-algorithm-for-nonlinear-principal-compo",signatures:"Masahiro Kuroda, Yuichi Mori, Masaya Iizuka and Michio Sakakihara",authors:[{id:"113168",title:"Dr.",name:"Masahiro",middleName:null,surname:"Kuroda",fullName:"Masahiro Kuroda",slug:"masahiro-kuroda"}]},{id:"30439",title:"The Maximum Non-Linear Feature Selection of Kernel Based on Object Appearance",slug:"maximum-non-linear-feature-selection-of-kernel-based-on-object-appearance",signatures:"Mauridhi Hery Purnomo, Diah P. Wulandari, I. Ketut Eddy Purnama and Arif Muntasa",authors:[{id:"116121",title:"Prof.",name:"Mauridhi",middleName:null,surname:"Hery Pumomo",fullName:"Mauridhi Hery Pumomo",slug:"mauridhi-hery-pumomo"}]},{id:"30440",title:"FPGA Implementation for GHA-Based Texture Classification",slug:"fpga-implementation-for-gha-based-texture-classification",signatures:"Shiow-Jyu Lin, Kun-Hung Lin andWen-Jyi Hwang",authors:[{id:"115079",title:"Dr.",name:"Shiow-Jyu",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",fullName:"Shiow-Jyu Lin",slug:"shiow-jyu-lin"},{id:"115914",title:"Prof.",name:"Wen-Jyi",middleName:null,surname:"Hwang",fullName:"Wen-Jyi Hwang",slug:"wen-jyi-hwang"},{id:"117813",title:"Mr.",name:"Kun-Hung",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",fullName:"Kun-Hung Lin",slug:"kun-hung-lin"}]},{id:"30441",title:"The Basics of Linear Principal Components Analysis",slug:"the-basics-of-principal-component-analysis",signatures:"Yaya Keho",authors:[{id:"118107",title:"Dr.",name:"Keho",middleName:null,surname:"Yaya",fullName:"Keho Yaya",slug:"keho-yaya"}]},{id:"30442",title:"Robust Density Comparison Using Eigenvalue Decomposition",slug:"robust-density-comparison-using-eigenvalue-decomposition",signatures:"Omar Arif and Patricio A. Vela",authors:[{id:"117695",title:"Dr.",name:"Omar",middleName:null,surname:"Arif",fullName:"Omar Arif",slug:"omar-arif"},{id:"117949",title:"Dr.",name:"Patricio",middleName:null,surname:"Vela",fullName:"Patricio Vela",slug:"patricio-vela"}]},{id:"30443",title:"Robust Principal Component Analysis for Background Subtraction: Systematic Evaluation and Comparative Analysis",slug:"robust-principal-component-analysis-for-background-subtraction-systematic-evaluation-and-comparative",signatures:"Charles Guyon, Thierry Bouwmans and El-hadi Zahzah",authors:[{id:"116308",title:"Dr.",name:"Thierry",middleName:null,surname:"Bouwmans",fullName:"Thierry Bouwmans",slug:"thierry-bouwmans"},{id:"117835",title:"Mr.",name:"Charles",middleName:null,surname:"Guyon",fullName:"Charles Guyon",slug:"charles-guyon"},{id:"138159",title:"Dr.",name:"El-Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Zahzah",fullName:"El-Hadi Zahzah",slug:"el-hadi-zahzah"}]},{id:"30444",title:"On-Line Monitoring of Batch Process with Multiway PCA/ICA",slug:"on-line-monitoring-of-batch-process-with-multiway-pca-ica",signatures:"Xiang Gao",authors:[{id:"117000",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiang",middleName:null,surname:"Gao",fullName:"Xiang Gao",slug:"xiang-gao"}]},{id:"30445",title:"Computing and Updating Principal Components of Discrete and Continuous Point Sets",slug:"computing-and-updating-principal-components-of-discrete-and-continuous-point-sets",signatures:"Darko Dimitrov",authors:[{id:"116916",title:"Dr.",name:"Darko",middleName:null,surname:"Dimitrov",fullName:"Darko Dimitrov",slug:"darko-dimitrov"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"70894",title:"Thermal Collective Excitations in Novel Two-Dimensional Dirac-Cone Materials",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90870",slug:"thermal-collective-excitations-in-novel-two-dimensional-dirac-cone-materials",body:'Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) carbon layer with a hexagonal atomic structure [1, 2, 3], has recently attracted outstanding attention from both academic scientists doing fundamental researches and engineers working on its technical applications [4]. Now, the scientific community is actively investigating the innovative semiconductors beyond graphene, with intrinsic spin-orbit interaction and tunable bandgap [5].
A remarkable feature of graphene is the absence of the bandgap in its energy dispersions. In spite of the obvious advantage of such bandstructure for novel electronic devices, electrons in graphene could not be confined due to the well-known Klein paradox [6]. To resolve this issue, graphene may be replaced with a material with a buckled structure and substantial spin-orbit interaction, such as silicene and germanene.
A new quasi-two-dimensional structure which has recently gained popularity among device scientists, is molybdenum disulfide monolayer, a honeycomb lattice which consists of two different molybdenum and sulfur atoms. It reveals a large direct band gap, absence of inversion symmetry and a substantial spin-orbit coupling. A summary of all recently fabricated materials beyond graphene is given in Figure 1. The last relevant example is black phosphorous (phosphorene) with a strong anisotropy of its composition and electron energy dispersion. Even though we do not study plasmons in phosphorene in the present chapter, there have been some crucial publications on that subject [7, 8].
Recently discovered two-dimensional materials: graphene and beyond graphene.
Plasmons, or self-sustained collective excitations of interacting electrons in such low-dimensional materials, are especially important, since they serve as the basics for a number of novel devices and their applications [9, 10] in almost all fields of modern science, emerging nanofabrication and nanotechnology. Propagation and detection of plasmonic excitation in hybrid nanoscale devices can convert to or modify existing electromagnetic field or radiation [11, 12, 13, 14]. Localized surface plasmons are particularly of special interest considering their interactions with other plasmon modes in closely-located optoelectronic device as well as with imposed electromagnetic radiation [15].
Finite-temperature plasmons are of special interest for possible device applications. Among them is the possibility to increase the frequency (or energy) of a plasmon by an order of magnitude or even more, specifically, as a consequence of the raised temperature. As it was shown in Ref. [16], the dispersion of a thermal plasmon is given as
At the same time, the damping rate, or broadening of the frequency, of such thermal plasmons varies as
In this chapter, we will consider thermal behavior of plasmons, their dispersions and damping rates. By equipping with this information, it is possible to predict in advance the thermal properties of an electronic device designed for a particular temperature range. In spite of a number of reported theoretical studies on this subject [16, 17, 18], there is still a gap on demonstrating experimentally these unique thermal collective features of 2D materials. Therefore, our review can serve as an incentive to address this issue.
All the novel 2D materials considered here could be effectively assigned to an individual category based on their existing (or broken) symmetries and degeneracy in their low-energy band structure. We started with graphene having a bandgap
Silicene and germanene, which represent buckled honeycomb lattices, possess subbands depending on valley and spin indices, and therefore are only doubly-degenerate. The electron-hole symmetry is broken for molybdenum disulfide and other transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDC’s). For these situations, even though there exists a single electron-hole index
Energy dispersions and density of states (DOS)
The energy dispersions of buckled honeycomb lattices, obtained from a Kane-Mele type Hamiltonian, appear as two inequivalent doubly-degenerate pairs of subbands with the same Fermi velocity
where
The wave function of silicene, corresponding to eigenvalue equation in Eq. (1), takes the form [25]
where
Germanene, another representative of buckled honeycomb lattices [26, 27, 28, 29, 30], demonstrates substantially higher Fermi velocities and an enhanced intrinsic bandgap
MoS2 is a typical representative of transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers. TMDC’s are semiconductors with the composition of TC2 type, where T refers to a transition-metal atom, such as Mo or W, while C corresponds to a chalcogen atom (S, Se or Te).
MoS2 displays broken inversion symmetry and direct bandgaps. Its most crucial distinction from the discussed buckled honeycomb lattices is its broken symmetry between the electrons and holes so that the corresponding energy bands are no longer symmetric with respect to the Dirac point, but could still be classified by a single index
Specifically, the energy bands of MoS2 can be described by a
where
In practical, we will neglect the
Using Eq. (3), we can verify that the degeneracy of two hole subbands (
One of the most important features in connection with plasmons at zero and finite temperatures is its dispersion relations, i.e., dependence of the plasmon frequency
where
The dielectric function introduced in Eq. (4) is determined directly by the finite-temperature
where the integration variable
The zero-temperature polarizability, which is employed in Eq. (5), is quite similar for all 2D materials considered here. The only difference originates from the degeneracy level of the low-energy band structure, such as
where
Finally, the full polarization function at zero temperature is obtained as
If the dispersions of low-energy subbands do not depend on the valley or spin indices
Integral transformation in Eq. (5), which is used to obtain the finite-temperature polarization function from its zero-temperature counterparts with different Fermi energies, was first introduced in Ref. [34]. It could be derived in a straightforward way by noting that the only quantity which substantially depends on temperature in Eq. (6) is the Fermi-Dirac distribution function
For accessible temperatures, the energy dispersions
We first look at intrinsic plasmons with
Additionally, finite-
where we introduce the notation
From Eq. (9), we find explicitly that
Here, the
Furthermore, for gapless (
where we have used the high-
On the other hand, for gapped (
where the constant
As we have seen from Section 3, we need know
The density of states (DOS), which plays an important tool in calculating electron (or hole) Fermi energy
where
This result is equivalent to the DOS of graphene except that there are no states within the bandgap region, as demonstrated by two unit-step functions
Finally, the chemical potential
where
At
where we have assumed that both subbands are occupied for simplicity. The discussions of other cases can be found from Ref. [18]. Consequently, minimum electron density required to occupy the upper subband of silicene is
On the other hand, by applying Eq. (16), in combination with DOS in Eq. (15), for silicene, a transcendental (non-algebraic) equation [43, 44] could be obtained for
where
Interestingly, the right-hand side of Eq. (18) contains terms corresponding to both pristine and gapless graphene, using which we find from Ref. [17].
as well as a well-known analytical expression for
An advantage of Eq. (18) is that it could be solved even without taking an actual integration. In fact, one can either readily solve it numerically using some standard computational algorithms, or introduce an analytical approximation to the sought solution near specific temperature assigned.
Numerical results for
Temperature dependence of the chemical potential
Temperature dependence of the chemical potential
Eq. (18) could also be applied to a wide range of 2D materials if its DOS has a linear dependence on energy
Now, we turn to calculate
where the calculation is based on a parabolic-subband approximation, i.e.,
From Eq. (22), we further seek an explicit expression for DOS in the form a piecewise-linear function of energy
or numerically,
The calculated numerical results for DOS in all regions are listed in Table 1. All introduced coefficients
Range index | Energy range | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linearized density of states (DOS)
The critical doping density which is required to populate the lower hole subband in MoS2 is found to be
Therefore, for most experimentally accessible densities
Next, we would evaluate both sides of Eq. (16) for MoS2. As an example, we consider electron doping with density
From Eq. (27), we can easily find the electron Fermi energy
In a similar way, for hole doping with density
where
The right-hand side of Eq. (16) for TMDC’s could be expressed as a combination of electron and hole contributions
so that
For convenience, we introduce another function
where
where two terms with
Using these self-defined functions and their notations, we finally arrive at the “
where
Here, both
By using the calculated
Particle-hole modes and plasmon branch for extrinsic (doped) silicene layer at a finite temperature. Panels (a) and (b) show two comparative graphs for
In addition to graphene and silicene, another type of Dirac-cone materials is the one with fermionic states in which multiple Dirac points evolve into a middle flat band. One of the first fabricated materials with such a flat band is a dice or a
The low-energy electronic states of
The
The low-energy Dirac-Weyl Hamiltonian for the
where
Three energy bands from Hamiltonian in Eq. (38) or Eq. (39) are
where
Here, the components of wave functions in Eqs. (40) and (41) depend on valley index
Now we turn to deriving plasmon branches and their damping rates at finite
For
Structurally, Eq. (42) looks quite similarly to Eq. (6) for buckled honeycomb lattices and TMDC’s. The most significant difference comes as the existence of an additional flat band with
Here, we would limit our consideration to the case of electron doping with
where
for an arbitrary value of
Density plots for Landau damping with
Particle-hole modes, determined by non-zero
In a correspondence to the damping of plasmons presented in Figure 6, we show in Figure 7 the density plots for plasmon dispersions at
Plasmon branches for an isolated
In the last part of THIS CHAPTER, WE WOULD LIKE TO FOCUS ON finite-
Our schematics for an open system is shown in Figure 8. The dynamical screening to the Coulomb interaction between electrons in a 2D layer and in metallic substrate is taken into account by a nonlocal and dynamical inverse dielectric function
Schematics for a silicene-based open system and numerical results for the two plasmon branches and their damping in this system with
and the resonances in
By using the Drude model for metallic substrate, the dielectric function can be written as
where
As a special example, let us consider a silicene 2D layer with two bandgaps
where
In the limit of
where for convenience we introduced a coefficient
We notice from Eq. (48) that
Furthermore, using the notation defined by Eq. (49), we get from Eqs. (46) and (47) that
which leads to a bi-quadratic equation
Eq. (51) gives rise to two solutions
where
In Eq. (53), both plasmon branches contain a linear
Numerical results for thermal plasmons in open system are presented in Figure 9. Similarly to what we have found for graphene and silicene, there are two plasmon branches, both of which depend linearly on
Nonlocal hybridized plasmon dispersions for
In conclusion, we have developed a general theory for finite-temperature polarization function, plasmon dispersions and their damping for all known innovation 2D Dirac-cone materials with various types of symmetries and bandgaps. We have also derived a set of explicit transcendental equations determining the chemical potential as a function of temperature, which serves as a key part in calculating finite-temperature polarization function through the so-called thermal convolution path. The selection of a particular path with a specific
Using the calculated finite-temperature polarization function, we have further found the dispersions of hybrid plasmon-modes in various types of open systems including a 2D material coupled to a conducting substrate. The obtained plasmon dispersions in these 2D-layer systems are crucial for measuring spin-orbit interaction strength and dynamical screening to Coulomb interaction between electrons in 2D materials, as well as for designing novel surface-plasmon based multi-functional near-field opto-electronic devices.
We have generalized our developed theory for 2D materials further to most recently proposed
A.I. thanks Liubov Zhemchuzhna for helpful and fruitful discussions, and Drs. Armando Howard, Leon Johnson and Ms. Beverly Tarver for proofreading the manuscript and providing very useful suggestions on the style and language. G.G. would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) through grant FA9453-18-1-0100 and award FA2386-18-1-0120. D.H. thanks the supports from the Laboratory University Collaboration Initiative (LUCI) program and from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR).
All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality. Throughout the world, we are seeing progress in attracting, retaining, and promoting women in STEMM. IntechOpen are certainly supporting this work globally by empowering all scientists and ensuring that women are encouraged and enabled to publish and take leading roles within the scientific community." Dr. Catrin Rutland, University of Nottingham, UK
",metaTitle:"Advantages of Publishing with IntechOpen",metaDescription:"We have more than a decade of experience in Open Access publishing. \n\n ",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:null,contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"We have more than a decade of experience in Open Access publishing. The advantages of publishing with IntechOpen include:
\\n\\nOur platform – IntechOpen is the world’s leading publisher of OA books, built by scientists, for scientists.
\\n\\nOur reputation – Everything we publish goes through a two-stage peer review process. We’re proud to count Nobel laureates among our esteemed authors. We meet European Commission standards for funding, and the research we’ve published has been funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust, among others. IntechOpen is a member of all relevant trade associations (including the STM Association and the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers) and has a selection of books indexed in Web of Science's Book Citation Index.
\\n\\nOur expertise – We’ve published more than 4,500 books by more than 118,000 authors and editors.
\\n\\nOur reach – Our books have more than 130 million downloads and more than 146,150 Web of Science citations. We increase citations via indexing in all the major databases, including the Book Citation Index at Web of Science and Google Scholar.
\\n\\nOur services – The support we offer our authors and editors is second to none. Each book in our program receives the following:
\\n\\nOur end-to-end publishing service frees our authors and editors to focus on what matters: research. We empower them to shape their fields and connect with the global scientific community.
\\n\\n"In developing countries until now, advancement in science has been very limited, because insufficient economic resources are dedicated to science and education. These limitations are more marked when the scientists are women. In order to develop science in the poorest countries and decrease the gender gap that exists in scientific fields, Open Access networks like IntechOpen are essential. Free access to scientific research could contribute to ameliorating difficult life conditions and breaking down barriers." Marquidia Pacheco, National Institute for Nuclear Research (ININ), Mexico
\\n\\nInterested? Contact Ana Pantar (book.idea@intechopen.com) for more information.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'We have more than a decade of experience in Open Access publishing. The advantages of publishing with IntechOpen include:
\n\nOur platform – IntechOpen is the world’s leading publisher of OA books, built by scientists, for scientists.
\n\nOur reputation – Everything we publish goes through a two-stage peer review process. We’re proud to count Nobel laureates among our esteemed authors. We meet European Commission standards for funding, and the research we’ve published has been funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust, among others. IntechOpen is a member of all relevant trade associations (including the STM Association and the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers) and has a selection of books indexed in Web of Science's Book Citation Index.
\n\nOur expertise – We’ve published more than 4,500 books by more than 118,000 authors and editors.
\n\nOur reach – Our books have more than 130 million downloads and more than 146,150 Web of Science citations. We increase citations via indexing in all the major databases, including the Book Citation Index at Web of Science and Google Scholar.
\n\nOur services – The support we offer our authors and editors is second to none. Each book in our program receives the following:
\n\nOur end-to-end publishing service frees our authors and editors to focus on what matters: research. We empower them to shape their fields and connect with the global scientific community.
\n\n"In developing countries until now, advancement in science has been very limited, because insufficient economic resources are dedicated to science and education. These limitations are more marked when the scientists are women. In order to develop science in the poorest countries and decrease the gender gap that exists in scientific fields, Open Access networks like IntechOpen are essential. Free access to scientific research could contribute to ameliorating difficult life conditions and breaking down barriers." Marquidia Pacheco, National Institute for Nuclear Research (ININ), Mexico
\n\nInterested? Contact Ana Pantar (book.idea@intechopen.com) for more information.
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5816},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5281},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1754},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10511},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:906},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15913}],offset:12,limit:12,total:119061},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"20"},books:[{type:"book",id:"10672",title:"Nonlinear Optics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"cfe87b713a8bee22c19361b86b03d506",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Boris I. Lembrikov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10672.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"2359",title:"Dr.",name:"Boris",surname:"Lembrikov",slug:"boris-lembrikov",fullName:"Boris Lembrikov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10674",title:"Topics on Quantum Information Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d7481712cff0157cd8f849cba865727d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Sergio Curilef and Dr. Angel Ricardo Plastino",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10674.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"125424",title:"Prof.",name:"Sergio",surname:"Curilef",slug:"sergio-curilef",fullName:"Sergio Curilef"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10921",title:"Plasma Science and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c45670ef4b081fd9eebaf911b2b4627b",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Aamir Shahzad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10921.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"288354",title:"Dr.",name:"Aamir",surname:"Shahzad",slug:"aamir-shahzad",fullName:"Aamir Shahzad"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10852",title:"Electromagnetic Compatibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f5d2cce3a2adbd5d108d3301ee97025b",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ahmed Kishk",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10852.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"150146",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",surname:"Kishk",slug:"ahmed-kishk",fullName:"Ahmed Kishk"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:26},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:25},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:45},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5315},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9536",title:"Education at the Intersection of Globalization and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0cf6891060eb438d975d250e8b127ed6",slug:"education-at-the-intersection-of-globalization-and-technology",bookSignature:"Sharon Waller, Lee Waller, Vongai Mpofu and Mercy Kurebwa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9536.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"263302",title:"Dr.",name:"Sharon",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"sharon-waller",fullName:"Sharon Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9524",title:"Organ Donation and Transplantation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6ef47e03cd4e6476946fc28ca51de825",slug:"organ-donation-and-transplantation",bookSignature:"Vassil Mihaylov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9524.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"313113",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Vassil",middleName:null,surname:"Mihaylov",slug:"vassil-mihaylov",fullName:"Vassil Mihaylov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9280",title:"Underwater Work",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"647b4270d937deae4a82f5702d1959ec",slug:"underwater-work",bookSignature:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9280.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"248645",title:"Dr.",name:"Sérgio António",middleName:null,surname:"Neves Lousada",slug:"sergio-antonio-neves-lousada",fullName:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"839",title:"Oceanography",slug:"oceanography",parent:{title:"Earth Science",slug:"earth-science"},numberOfBooks:7,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:111,numberOfWosCitations:15,numberOfCrossrefCitations:38,numberOfDimensionsCitations:67,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"oceanography",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"9280",title:"Underwater Work",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"647b4270d937deae4a82f5702d1959ec",slug:"underwater-work",bookSignature:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9280.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"248645",title:"Dr.",name:"Sérgio António",middleName:null,surname:"Neves Lousada",slug:"sergio-antonio-neves-lousada",fullName:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8007",title:"Estuaries and Coastal Zones",subtitle:"Dynamics and Response to Environmental Changes",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ec140486c42d62e69ef428e6cf71b6d7",slug:"estuaries-and-coastal-zones-dynamics-and-response-to-environmental-changes",bookSignature:"Jiayi Pan and Adam Devlin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8007.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"179303",title:"Prof.",name:"Jiayi",middleName:null,surname:"Pan",slug:"jiayi-pan",fullName:"Jiayi Pan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7606",title:"Coastal and Marine Environments",subtitle:"Physical Processes and Numerical Modelling",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd1227726856d58b88116129b0de8384",slug:"coastal-and-marine-environments-physical-processes-and-numerical-modelling",bookSignature:"José Simão Antunes Do Carmo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7606.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67904",title:"Prof.",name:"José Simão",middleName:null,surname:"Antunes Do Carmo",slug:"jose-simao-antunes-do-carmo",fullName:"José Simão Antunes Do Carmo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6012",title:"Morphodynamic Model for Predicting Beach Changes Based on Bagnold's Concept and Its Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79ce8dc1cde58947a61fe4aea725d437",slug:"morphodynamic-model-for-predicting-beach-changes-based-on-bagnold-s-concept-and-its-applications",bookSignature:"Takaaki Uda, Masumi Serizawa and Shiho Miyahara",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6012.jpg",editedByType:"Authored by",editors:[{id:"13491",title:"Dr.",name:"Takaaki",middleName:null,surname:"Uda",slug:"takaaki-uda",fullName:"Takaaki Uda"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"3",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}},{type:"book",id:"8669",title:"Coastal Environment, Disaster, and Infrastructure",subtitle:"A Case Study of China's Coastline",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"52abc534177a147ffd3154db2f4f4ba1",slug:"coastal-environment-disaster-and-infrastructure-a-case-study-of-china-s-coastline",bookSignature:"X. San Liang and Yuanzhi Zhang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8669.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"210315",title:"Prof.",name:"X. San",middleName:null,surname:"Liang",slug:"x.-san-liang",fullName:"X. San Liang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"3",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}},{type:"book",id:"6195",title:"Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4eb2fa7c0bf9d4a493375ee47276aa38",slug:"sea-level-rise-and-coastal-infrastructure",bookSignature:"Yuanzhi Zhang, Yijun Hou and Xiaomei Yang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6195.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"77597",title:"Prof.",name:"Yuanzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"yuanzhi-zhang",fullName:"Yuanzhi Zhang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2221",title:"Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard",subtitle:"From Physical Interpretation to Human Impact",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7ce45cda9743300d394136417028a84",slug:"tsunami-analysis-of-a-hazard-from-physical-interpretation-to-human-impact",bookSignature:"Gloria I. Lopez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2221.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"146976",title:"Dr.",name:"Gloria",middleName:"I.",surname:"López",slug:"gloria-lopez",fullName:"Gloria López"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:7,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"64510",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.82320",title:"Introductory Chapter: Morphodynamic Model for Predicting Beach Changes Based on Bagnold’s Concept and Its Applications",slug:"introductory-chapter-morphodynamic-model-for-predicting-beach-changes-based-on-bagnold-s-concept-and",totalDownloads:518,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:12,book:{slug:"morphodynamic-model-for-predicting-beach-changes-based-on-bagnold-s-concept-and-its-applications",title:"Morphodynamic Model for Predicting Beach Changes Based on Bagnold's Concept and Its Applications",fullTitle:"Morphodynamic Model for Predicting Beach Changes Based on Bagnold's Concept and Its Applications"},signatures:"Takaaki Uda, Masumi Serizawa and Shiho Miyahara",authors:[{id:"13491",title:"Dr.",name:"Takaaki",middleName:null,surname:"Uda",slug:"takaaki-uda",fullName:"Takaaki Uda"}]},{id:"66266",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.85521",title:"Numerical Modeling Tools Applied to Estuarine and Coastal Hydrodynamics: A User Perspective",slug:"numerical-modeling-tools-applied-to-estuarine-and-coastal-hydrodynamics-a-user-perspective",totalDownloads:494,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:6,book:{slug:"coastal-and-marine-environments-physical-processes-and-numerical-modelling",title:"Coastal and Marine Environments",fullTitle:"Coastal and Marine Environments - Physical Processes and Numerical Modelling"},signatures:"Isabel Iglesias, Paulo Avilez-Valente, José Luís Pinho, Ana Bio, José Manuel Vieira, Luísa Bastos and Fernando Veloso-Gomes",authors:null},{id:"41072",doi:"10.5772/51864",title:"The November, 1st, 1755 Tsunami in Morocco: Can Numerical Modeling Clarify the Uncertainties of Historical Reports?",slug:"the-november-1st-1755-tsunami-in-morocco-can-numerical-modeling-clarify-the-uncertainties-of-histori",totalDownloads:1945,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:5,book:{slug:"tsunami-analysis-of-a-hazard-from-physical-interpretation-to-human-impact",title:"Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard",fullTitle:"Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard - From Physical Interpretation to Human Impact"},signatures:"R. Omira, M.A. Baptista, S. Mellas, F. Leone, N. Meschinet de Richemond, B. Zourarah and J-P. Cherel",authors:[{id:"16693",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Ana",middleName:null,surname:"Baptista",slug:"maria-ana-baptista",fullName:"Maria Ana Baptista"},{id:"16695",title:"Dr.",name:"Rachid",middleName:null,surname:"Omira",slug:"rachid-omira",fullName:"Rachid Omira"},{id:"92702",title:"Prof.",name:"Frederic",middleName:null,surname:"Leone",slug:"frederic-leone",fullName:"Frederic Leone"},{id:"148352",title:"MSc.",name:"Samira",middleName:null,surname:"Mellas",slug:"samira-mellas",fullName:"Samira Mellas"},{id:"148353",title:"Prof.",name:"Bendahou",middleName:null,surname:"Zourarah",slug:"bendahou-zourarah",fullName:"Bendahou Zourarah"},{id:"148356",title:"Prof.",name:"Jean-Philippe",middleName:null,surname:"Cherel",slug:"jean-philippe-cherel",fullName:"Jean-Philippe Cherel"},{id:"157593",title:"Prof.",name:"Nancy",middleName:null,surname:"Meschinet De Richemond",slug:"nancy-meschinet-de-richemond",fullName:"Nancy Meschinet De Richemond"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"63275",title:"Dynamics of the Changjiang River Plume",slug:"dynamics-of-the-changjiang-river-plume",totalDownloads:765,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:3,book:{slug:"coastal-environment-disaster-and-infrastructure-a-case-study-of-china-s-coastline",title:"Coastal Environment, Disaster, and Infrastructure",fullTitle:"Coastal Environment, Disaster, and Infrastructure - A Case Study of China's Coastline"},signatures:"Hui Wu, Tianning Wu, Jian Shen and Jianrong Zhu",authors:[{id:"266208",title:"Dr.",name:"Hui",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",slug:"hui-wu",fullName:"Hui Wu"}]},{id:"59544",title:"Coastal Wetland Vegetation in Response to Global Warming and Climate Change",slug:"coastal-wetland-vegetation-in-response-to-global-warming-and-climate-change",totalDownloads:653,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,book:{slug:"sea-level-rise-and-coastal-infrastructure",title:"Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure",fullTitle:"Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure"},signatures:"Chao Zhou, Kapo Wong and Jianhua Zhao",authors:[{id:"219087",title:"Dr.",name:"Chao",middleName:null,surname:"Zhou",slug:"chao-zhou",fullName:"Chao Zhou"}]},{id:"67923",title:"Structure and Dynamics of Plumes Generated by Small Rivers",slug:"structure-and-dynamics-of-plumes-generated-by-small-rivers",totalDownloads:393,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:5,book:{slug:"estuaries-and-coastal-zones-dynamics-and-response-to-environmental-changes",title:"Estuaries and Coastal Zones",fullTitle:"Estuaries and Coastal Zones - Dynamics and Response to Environmental Changes"},signatures:"Alexander Osadchiev and Peter Zavialov",authors:[{id:"296909",title:"Prof.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Zavialov",slug:"peter-zavialov",fullName:"Peter Zavialov"},{id:"296910",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Osadchiev",slug:"alexander-osadchiev",fullName:"Alexander Osadchiev"}]},{id:"58729",title:"Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature in the East China Sea Using TERRA/MODIS Products Data",slug:"spatio-temporal-analysis-of-sea-surface-temperature-in-the-east-china-sea-using-terra-modis-products",totalDownloads:606,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:5,book:{slug:"sea-level-rise-and-coastal-infrastructure",title:"Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure",fullTitle:"Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure"},signatures:"Shaoqi Gong and Kapo Wong",authors:[{id:"219135",title:"Dr.",name:"Shaoqi",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"shaoqi-gong",fullName:"Shaoqi Gong"},{id:"219138",title:"Mr.",name:"Wong",middleName:null,surname:"Kapo",slug:"wong-kapo",fullName:"Wong Kapo"}]},{id:"59057",title:"Alterations within the Coastal Urban Environments: Case of the Coastal Squares of Istanbul Megacity",slug:"alterations-within-the-coastal-urban-environments-case-of-the-coastal-squares-of-istanbul-megacity",totalDownloads:683,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"sea-level-rise-and-coastal-infrastructure",title:"Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure",fullTitle:"Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure"},signatures:"Hatice Ayatac, Fatma Aycim Turer Baskaya, Eren Kurkcuoglu, Ozge\nCelik and Sinem Becerik",authors:[{id:"217001",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Hatice",middleName:null,surname:"Ayatac",slug:"hatice-ayatac",fullName:"Hatice Ayatac"},{id:"217422",title:"Dr.",name:"Fatma Aycim",middleName:null,surname:"Türer Baskaya",slug:"fatma-aycim-turer-baskaya",fullName:"Fatma Aycim Türer Baskaya"},{id:"217423",title:"Dr.",name:"Eren",middleName:null,surname:"Kurkcuoglu",slug:"eren-kurkcuoglu",fullName:"Eren Kurkcuoglu"},{id:"217424",title:"MSc.",name:"Ozge",middleName:null,surname:"Celik",slug:"ozge-celik",fullName:"Ozge Celik"},{id:"217425",title:"MSc.",name:"Sinem",middleName:null,surname:"Becerik",slug:"sinem-becerik",fullName:"Sinem Becerik"}]},{id:"66929",title:"Long-Term Changes in Sea Surface Temperature Off the Coast of Central California and Monterey Bay from 1920 to 2014: Are They Commensurate?",slug:"long-term-changes-in-sea-surface-temperature-off-the-coast-of-central-california-and-monterey-bay-fr",totalDownloads:384,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"coastal-and-marine-environments-physical-processes-and-numerical-modelling",title:"Coastal and Marine Environments",fullTitle:"Coastal and Marine Environments - Physical Processes and Numerical Modelling"},signatures:"Laurence C. Breaker",authors:[{id:"285157",title:"Dr.",name:"Laurence C.",middleName:null,surname:"Breaker",slug:"laurence-c.-breaker",fullName:"Laurence C. Breaker"}]},{id:"63175",title:"Nuclear Pollution in the East China Sea from the Fukushima Disaster",slug:"nuclear-pollution-in-the-east-china-sea-from-the-fukushima-disaster",totalDownloads:527,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"coastal-environment-disaster-and-infrastructure-a-case-study-of-china-s-coastline",title:"Coastal Environment, Disaster, and Infrastructure",fullTitle:"Coastal Environment, Disaster, and Infrastructure - A Case Study of China's Coastline"},signatures:"X. San Liang and Yineng Rong",authors:[{id:"210315",title:"Prof.",name:"X. San",middleName:null,surname:"Liang",slug:"x.-san-liang",fullName:"X. San Liang"}]},{id:"59902",title:"Constructing Local Sea Level Rise Scenarios for Assessing Possible Impacts and Adaptation Needs: Insights from Coasts of India",slug:"constructing-local-sea-level-rise-scenarios-for-assessing-possible-impacts-and-adaptation-needs-insi",totalDownloads:890,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"sea-level-rise-and-coastal-infrastructure",title:"Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure",fullTitle:"Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure"},signatures:"Dhanya Praveen, Andimuthu Ramachandran and Kandasami\nPalanivelu",authors:[{id:"209832",title:"Dr.",name:"Dhanya",middleName:null,surname:"Praveen",slug:"dhanya-praveen",fullName:"Dhanya Praveen"},{id:"219565",title:"Dr.",name:"Andimuthu",middleName:null,surname:"Ramachandran",slug:"andimuthu-ramachandran",fullName:"Andimuthu Ramachandran"},{id:"219566",title:"Dr.",name:"Palanivelu",middleName:null,surname:"K",slug:"palanivelu-k",fullName:"Palanivelu K"}]},{id:"63609",title:"Saltwater Intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary",slug:"saltwater-intrusion-in-the-changjiang-estuary",totalDownloads:945,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:5,book:{slug:"coastal-environment-disaster-and-infrastructure-a-case-study-of-china-s-coastline",title:"Coastal Environment, Disaster, and Infrastructure",fullTitle:"Coastal Environment, Disaster, and Infrastructure - A Case Study of China's Coastline"},signatures:"Jianrong Zhu, Hui Wu, Lu Li and Cheng Qiu",authors:[{id:"266207",title:"Dr.",name:"Jianrong",middleName:null,surname:"Zhu",slug:"jianrong-zhu",fullName:"Jianrong Zhu"}]},{id:"41066",title:"Ancient Cliffs and Modern Fringing Reefs: Coupling Evidence for Tsunami Wave Action",slug:"ancient-cliffs-and-modern-fringing-reefs-coupling-evidence-for-tsunami-wave-action",totalDownloads:2005,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"tsunami-analysis-of-a-hazard-from-physical-interpretation-to-human-impact",title:"Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard",fullTitle:"Tsunami - Analysis of a Hazard - From Physical Interpretation to Human Impact"},signatures:"Tetsuya Kogure and Yukinori Matsukura",authors:[{id:"143201",title:"Dr.",name:"Tetsuya",middleName:null,surname:"Kogure",slug:"tetsuya-kogure",fullName:"Tetsuya Kogure"},{id:"148256",title:"Prof.",name:"Yukinori",middleName:null,surname:"Matsukura",slug:"yukinori-matsukura",fullName:"Yukinori Matsukura"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"oceanography",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/262038/preeti-chaturvedi",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"262038",slug:"preeti-chaturvedi"},fullPath:"/profiles/262038/preeti-chaturvedi",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var m;(m=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(m)}()