Chapters authored
Platelet-Rich Plasma in Trauma Patients
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was mixed with thrombin and excess calcium resulting in activated platelets trapped within the fibrin network; within the matrix, platelets secrete bioactive substances that diffuse into the surroundings tissues. PRP is prepared from the patient’s own blood, a variety of manufacturing techniques in vastly different cell counts, and growth factor concentrations. The clinical use of PRP is treatment of soft tissue diseases and injuries, treatment of burns, hard-to-heal wounds, tissue engineering, and implantology in dentistry. An essential criterion for PRP is for it to be autologous, for the donor of the blood, and the recipient of the PRP to the same person. Most of the literatures suggest that PRP does not appreciably impact bone healing or induce bone formation. PRP might augment recruitment of osteoblast progenitors to injection sites or in sites expected to experience delayed healing. In this capacity, PRP might be utilized to initiate repair of an otherwise poorly healing bony lesion. PRP stimulates bone repair in fractures. Early through late healing process is compromised with fractures, including reduced cell proliferation, delayed chondrogenesis, and decreased biomechanical properties. In this chapter, the importance of the PRP in oral and maxillofacial surgery in trauma patients is studied
Part of the book: Trauma in Dentistry
Biomaterial Used in Trauma Patients
The development of bone tissue engineering and bone regeneration is always of interest to improve methods to reduce costs of trauma patient. Ability to use autogenous bone forming cells attached to bone morphogenetic proteins would be ideal. There are many clinical reasons to develop bone tissue engineering alternatives, for use in the reconstruction of large defects and implants. The traditional methods of bone defect management include autografting and allografting cancellous bone, vascularized grafts, and other bone transport techniques. However, these are the standard treatments. Since bone grafts are avascular and dependent on the size of the defect, the viability can limit their application. In large defects, the grafts can be resorbed by the body before osteogenesis is complete; tissue loss develops in the living organism due to infection, trauma, congenital, and physiological reasons. Placing tissue defects in the dentist and maxillofacial surgery and accelerating wound healing are an important issue. From an old Egypt, material used in treatment of different doctors with various causes. Oral surgery, periodontology, and implantology, which are surgical branches of the dentistry, need to increase bone formation in the treatment of bone defects, congenital defects, and defects around the implant. Many years of work have been done to obtain ideal biomaterials, and many materials have been used. We have prepared detailed information on biomaterials used in dentistry, oral, and maxillofacial surgeries in this book to help dentists and dental students.
Part of the book: Trauma in Dentistry
Dental Implants and Trauma
Implant dentistry treatment target to avoid any kind of edentulous state including tooth loss due to trauma. In the literature there are numerous case reports and few clinical studies documenting treatment options of post-trauma patients by dental implants. Principally there are some limitations of dental implant application related to the age and available bone volume of patients. Implant candidate should complete bone growth as the metallic implants do not follow bony development phases. Most often traumatic dental injuries occur in childhood and implant treatment should postponed. In this aspect the major problem associated with dental implant placement is the lack of adequate bone volumes at the future time of surgery as such cases receives traumatic dental injury in the early years and disuse atrophy occurs during waiting period. Future trends and strategies in dental traumatology in general and with special attention to dental implant applications are based on the education of population in terms of emergency treatments and urgent transport of patients to the clinics.
Part of the book: Trauma in Dentistry
Oral Mucosal Trauma and Injuries
Trauma-related oral lesions are common in clinical practice of dentistry and they can impair patients’ normal oral function and cause pain in patients’ eating, chewing, and talking. An injury to the oral mucosa can result from physical, chemical, or thermal trauma. Such injuries can result from accidental tooth bite, hard food, sharp edges of the teeth, hot food, or excessive tooth brushing. Some injuries can also be caused by iatrogenic damage during dental treatment or other procedures related to oral cavity. In this chapter, oral mucosal trauma and injuries will be examined in four subclasses: physical and mechanical traumas of oral mucosa; chemical injuries of the oral mucosa; radiation injuries; and electrical, thermal burns.
Part of the book: Trauma in Dentistry