Salvatore Di Lauro

By Salvatore Di Lauro, Salvador Pastor Idoate and Jose Carlos Pastor

Recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology have allowed the introduction of OCT into the operating room. Intraoperative OCT (iOCT) has been utilized to visualize the retinal architecture prior, during, and following several retinal surgical technics. The identification of epiretinal, subretinal, and intraretinal changes is one of the crucial points in PVR management. The iOCT can identify intraretinal changes and/or subretinal PVR membranes which cannot be easily peeled as epiretinal membranes. Intraretinal forms are especially difficult to identify preoperatively but their presence may be crucial in surgical management because the attempt to remove the presumed membrane may result in severe retinal tissue damage and iatrogenic tears. Therefore, surgical technique and even tamponade choice may be seriously affected by OCT imaging results.

Part of the book: OCT

By Sara Crespo Millas, Salvatore Di Lauro, David Galarreta Mira and Maria Isabel López Gálvez

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive microvascular disease considerer as the most important cause of acquired vision loss in the world. OCT angiography (OCT-A) has drastically improved the diagnosis and follow-up of DR showing alterations before changes in the fundus will be visible. With OCT-A, it is possible to quantify several parameters such as the macular vascular density (MVD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). This new technique will be important for early detection, follow- up, and monitoring treatment response. OCTA is a very promising image technique that is continually improving and offers numerous advantages over FA in DR management; nevertheless, there are technical limitations that must be improved.

Part of the book: Eye Diseases

By Sara Crespo Millas, Salvatore Di Lauro and David Galarreta Mira

Prophylaxis for eye infections is important to avoid catastrophic consequences such as infectious endophthalmitis. There are different options as prophylaxis in cataract surgery. Prophylaxis with antiseptics is more and more important in ocular surgery and possesses several advantages compared to antibiotic prophylaxis. Povidone-iodine (PVI) 5% in the conjunctival sac and PVI 10% on periocular skin for 3 minutes is recommended prior to any cataract surgery to reduce the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis. Intracameral cefuroxime (1 mg/0.1 ml) at the end of the surgery is also useful in reducing the risk of infectious endophthalmitis. Nevertheless, there is no scientific evidence supporting the use of topical antibiotics in the postoperative period.

Part of the book: Cataract