Chapters authored
Biosensing Techniques in Yeast: G-Protein Signaling and Protein-Protein Interaction Assays for Monitoring Ligand Stimulation and Oligomer Formation of Heterologous GPCRs
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) act as transducers of external stimuli for intracellular signaling, and control various cellular processes in cooperation with seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Because GPCRs constitute the largest family of eukaryotic membrane proteins and enable the selective recognition of a diverse range of molecules (ligands), they are the major molecular targets in pharmaceutical and medicinal fields. In addition, GPCRs have been known to form heteromers as well as homomers, which may result in vast physiological diversity and provide opportunities for drug discovery. G-proteins and their signal transduction machinery are universally conserved in eukaryotes; thereby, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used to construct artificial in vivo GPCR biosensors. In this chapter, we focus on the yeast-based GPCR biosensors that can detect ligand stimulation and oligomer formation, and summarize their techniques using the G-protein signaling and protein-protein interaction assays.
Part of the book: Peripheral Membrane Proteins
Advanced Lignin Valorization for Biorefinery Application
Despite concerns about diminishing fossil fuels and the imperative for renewable alternatives, lignin, Earth’s most abundant aromatic biopolymer, remains largely underutilized. This chapter explores the immense potential of lignin biorefinery to address energy demands, promote economic growth, and adhere to sustainable development principles. However, intricate structure, harsh odor, and toxicity hinder its valorization. To address these issues, examining emerging biochemical strategies, including thermochemical and enzymatic depolymerization and physical techniques, have emerged as promising avenues for converting lignin into valuable biofuels and chemical compounds. By highlighting innovative approaches and technologies, it emphasizes the pivotal role of lignin in driving biorefineries toward low-emission processes, yielding a diverse spectrum of bio-products. This chapter aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable and eco-friendly biorefinery practices of lignin valorization.
Part of the book: Advanced Lignin Technologies [Working title]