Dr. Ali Ibrahim Yahya is dean of Zliten Medical School. His previous positions include teaching medical students at Misrata University Medical School till 2007, teaching medical students at Al Mergeb Medical School from 2007 and holding the professor of surgery position at Al Mergeb University under Koms medical school. In 2017, dr. Yahya\'s academic file was transferred to Al Asmarya University and he has begun acting as dean of Zliten Medical School which started in 2013.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common, global clinical problem. It affects any age group, both males and females, and is seen mainly in developed countries, especially among obese individuals. GERD needs to be treated to prevent nuisance symptoms and long-term complications. The book deals with the diagnosis of GERD, including clinical presentations and diagnostic investigations, and describes the different available conservative, medical, surgical and endoscopic treatments. The book also covers gastroesophageal disease in children, its presentation and treatment. It also deals with the refractory type of gastroesophageal disease including different theories. It is very useful for gastroenterologists and upper gastrointestinal surgeons.
Go to the bookLiver is the second most common solid organ frequently injured by blunt trauma and could be the commonest organ injured by penetrating trauma. The injury can be mild and goes undetected or detected and treated conservatively. It can be severe where the liver wounds can bleed until death. Once the patients with liver injury are resuscitated, the degree of liver injury can be evaluated using ultrasound scan and computed tomography imaging. If the patient is stable, diagnostic peritoneal lavage is very helpful when the imaging facilities are not available. Non-operative treatment of liver trauma has been proven to be valuable in 80% of patients with grade I, II, III and IV (grade I—mild injury; grade II—moderate injury; grade III and IV—severe liver injury). Laparotomy is mandatory if the patient’s condition is unstable. By using the explorative laparotomy technique, the grade of liver injury is assessed, and accordingly the procedure is performed including suturing, ligation of the bleeding vessel, segmental resection, perihepatic packing, and so on. Morbidity and mortality of liver injury can be minimized with early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Part of the book: Liver Research and Clinical Management
Over the last many years, diagnostic imaging has grown from a state of infancy to a high level of maturity. The various imaging modalities were developed over the last 50 years. Ultrasonography is one of the valuable tools in diagnosis of many diseases for a long time. It replaced X-ray in the diagnosis of many different diseases. It is noninvasive and has no complications if used many times in the day even if it is safe during pregnancy. The use of ultrasonography was spread over the years in all branches of medicine. It is promptly used in emergency medicine. Its use was introduced during operations. It showed excellent results when used for the assessment of liver tumors either primary or secondary liver tumors during open surgery and laparoscopy. The use of high-frequency ultrasound probe intraoperatively will nullify the abdominal wall and bowel gas effects on the result.
Part of the book: Surgical Challenges in the Management of Liver Disease
Damage control surgery is an old type of surgery practiced for many years to save the lives of badly injured patients. Damage control was first practiced in the American navy where a damaged vessel would receive minimal repair to keep it afloat. This translates to the field of medicine where minimal surgery is performed to save the life of a patient, and minimal action is taken to avoid major ailments, including hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulation defects during major trauma. Before World War II damage control surgery was popular, but later this type of surgery was abandoned. However, with a better understanding of the physiology of trauma and a revision of the outcome of badly injured patients, surgeons have reverted to damage control surgery, for example the packing of bleeding organs such as the liver and the controlling of sepsis, rather than taking patients to intensive care for further assessment. Damage control surgery has many benefits for badly injured patients and improves their chances of survival.
Part of the book: Surgical Challenges in the Management of Liver Disease