Pana Razvan Cosmin

By Alexandru Cristian Comanescu, Florentina Tanase, Maria Cristina Comanescu, Razvan Cosmin Pana, Madalina Barbu and Nicolae Cernea

This chapter is dedicated to the main renal anomalies detectable by ultrasound. Anomalies of the lower urinary tract will be addressed in a separate chapter. The anomalies presented are renal agenesis, renal development variants, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, multicystic dysplastic kidney disease, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, obstructive cystic dysplasia, pelvis dilatation, renal tumors, and nonchromosomal syndromes associated with renal anomalies. All chapters are structured similar into definition, incidence, pathology, ultrasound findings, differential diagnosis, and clinical facts.

Part of the book: Congenital Anomalies

By Dominic Gabriel Iliescu, George-Lucian Zorila, Roxana Cristina Dragusin, Marius Cristian Marinas, Maria Cristina Comanescu, Alexandru Cristian Comanescu, Pana Razvan Cosmin, Ovidiu Costinel Sîrbu, Sidonia Catalina Vrabie, Sidonia Maria Sandulescu and Rodica Daniela Nagy

The vascular architecture of the human liver is established at the end of the 10th week of gestation as a result of a complex process. Recent developments in ultrasonographic imaging facilitate the prenatal evaluation of this system. However, many of the involved mechanisms are poorly understood. The hepatic primordium is in contact with the vitelline veins and the umbilical veins, and by the end of the 6th week, the afferent venous system of the liver is acquired giving rise to the portal vein, the portal sinus, and the ductus venosus. The only afferent vein of the liver that remains open at birth is the portal vein. Also, the efferent venous system of the liver is formed and emerges from the vitelline veins.

Part of the book: Embryology Update