The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in many industrial control applications. However, the lead-lag controllers are more practical. Traditionally, time-domain or frequency-domain methods have been used to design a lead-lag controller in order to meet the design specifications. This chapter will focus on the design of controller by optimizing the time-domain objective function. The proposed objective function includes the first peak time, maximum peak time, rise time, maximum overshoot, maximum undershoot, setting time, and steady-state error. In the study, cuckoo search algorithm is adopted to search the optimal controller parameters. Cuckoo search is a recently developed meta-heuristic optimization method, which is a population-based algorithm inspired by the behavior of some cuckoo species in combination with the Lévy flight behavior. A numerical example is simulated to illustrate the use of the proposed method.
Part of the book: Swarm Intelligence