Saeed El-Ashram

By Saeed El-Ashram, Cheng He, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Victor M. Petrone-Garcia, Musafiri Karama, Beniamino Cenci-Goga, Luca Grispoldi, Reem Alajmi and Abdulaziz S. Alouffi

Part of the book: Campylobacter

By Gungor Cagdas Dincel, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Ebtesam M. Al Olayan, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias and Saeed El-Ashram

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes mortality because of significant neuropathology. It is widespread in neonatal infections. Although the neuroimmunopathogenesis of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) has been studied for many years, it is still not completely understood, showing the disease’s severity. The urge to write this chapter comes at this stage. The sections covered in this chapter show the pathogenesis that has been established and characterized so far. The involvement of astrocytes and microglia in the development of neuropathology, which begins with tachyzoites crossing the blood-brain barrier during acute infection, has been explored. The molecular mechanism between schizophrenia and TE has been thoroughly proven. Uncovering the molecular pathogenesis of TE is critical for both understanding neuropathology and elucidating the link between neuropsychiatric diseases. Each part covered here is expected to contribute to developing novel therapeutic agents for the treatment and maybe prevention of neuropathology. The pathogenesis of the steady progression of encephalitis has been meticulously revealed. Thus, this chapter will offer significant insight into developing novel treatments for all organisms suffering from this disease.

Part of the book: Towards New Perspectives on Toxoplasma gondii

By Saeed El-Ashram, Gungor Cagdas Dincel, Mohammed Hamdy Farouk, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif, Shagufta Iqbal, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Billy M. Hargis, Víctor Manuel Petrone-García, Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú and Inkar Castellanos-Huerta

Part of the book: Towards New Perspectives on Toxoplasma gondii

By Güngör Çağdaş Dinçel, Luís Manuel Madeira de Carvalho, Ebtsam Al-Olayan, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Beniamino T. Cenci-Goga, Luca Grispoldi, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Danielle Graham, Inkar A. Castellanos-Huerta, Victor M. Petrone-Garcia and Saeed El-Ashram

Part of the book: Taeniasis and Cycticercosis/Neurocysticercosis

By Güngör Çağdaş Dinçel, Saeed El-Ashram, Luís Manuel Madeira de Carvalho, Danielle Graham, Inkar A. Castellanos-Huerta, Victor M. Petrone-Garcia, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Beniamino T. Cenci-Goga and Luca Grispoldi

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a subtle parasite infection of the central nervous system, is a powerful example of the complex interaction between human behavior, zoonotic transmission, and neurological illness development. Given the disease’s worldwide prevalence and potentially fatal neurological consequences, research into NCC is critical for advancing knowledge, creating effective diagnostic tools and treatment options, and adopting preventative measures to lessen the disease’s impact. Cysticerci causes an immunological response in the CNS, resulting in inflammation and immune cell recruitment. The existence of intraventricular cysts, cysts in the cerebral aqueduct or fourth ventricle, and the degree of inflammation and scarring induced by the infection are all risk factors for the development of hydrocephalus. This book chapter provides an in-depth exploration of the pathology and pathogenesis of NCC, discussing the life cycle of the Taenia solium parasite, its invasion of the central nervous system, and the formation of cysticerci, as well as the diagnostic challenges and imaging findings, clinical manifestations, and potential neurological complications associated with NCC, serving as a valuable resource for medical professionals, researchers, and policymakers.

Part of the book: Taeniasis and Cycticercosis/Neurocysticercosis