Chapters authored
Apoptotic Effects of Etodolac in Breast Cancer Cell Cultures
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used as anti‐inflammatory and analgesic agents. This family of drugs suppresses prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Recent studies displayed that anti‐carcinogenic actions of these drugs are mediated by COX‐2 enzyme. Currently, there is intense research on COX‐2 inhibitors as therapeutic targets. Etodolac is not perfectly selective but shows ‘preferential selectivity’ for COX‐2. Here, in this study, we wanted to take gene expression snapshots of several apoptotic proteins under different conditions of drug exposure. The aim, therefore, focused to determine differential effects of etodolac on the regulation of apoptotic genes in hormone‐responsive MCF‐7 and triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cell lines. Our data suggest that MDA‐MB‐231 is more responsive to etodolac exposure. Cell proliferation and apoptosis consistently regulated upon drug addiction. Furthermore, COX‐2/HER2 was explicitly an up‐regulated, phosphorylated form of Bad accumulated and anti‐apoptotic proteins SAG and survivin increased in both transcriptional and translational levels. Changes in mitochondrial Bcl‐2 family proteins were moderate and pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic proteins showed similar levels of regulation in both cell lines. We believe that these findings would be supportive for future studies targeting etodolac‐based therapies, as it reveals apoptotic factors differentially regulated in hormone‐responsive and invasive cell lines.
Part of the book: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs